Lewis & Short

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1. E, e, indecl. n. or (sc. littera)

  1. I. fem., a vowel corresponding to both the ε and the η of the Greeks, Ter. Maur. p. 2386 P.; Aus. Idyll. de Litter. Monos. 3 and 4; Mart. Cap. 3, § 235. Its sound varied; short e being sounded sometimes like Engl. e in men (so in pater, inter, etc.), sometimes more nearly like short i, as in Engl. pin (so in famelia, mereto, Menerva, etc.); whence, in the literary language, it passed, in a large class of words, into ĭ (familia, merito, etc.), though retained in the popular speech, and oft. in inscriptions. Long e also varied in sound, often resembling the diphthong ae, with which it is constantly confounded in MSS. and inscrr. (cf. raeda and reda; saeculum and seculum; ceteri and caeteri, etc.), and often approaching the sound of ī (v. Corss. Ausspr. 1, 324 sqq.). The short e in Latin is the least emphatic of all the vowels; hence, it not only took the place of other vowels in changes of words where the sounds became weakened, and in the vulgar language where the vowel sounds were less sharply distinguished, but frequently took the place of a final syllable ending in a consonant, and was sometimes, especially at the end of words, rejected.
        1. b. The transition of ă into ĕ (which took place especially before two consonants, whereas usually ă passed into ĭ in open syllables, v. art. A.) is seen in the compounds refello, commendo, ineptus, confercio, incestus, perpetior, etc. In some words the orthography is unsettled, as in the compounds of spargo, which are written sometimes aspergo, conspergo, dispergo, etc., and sometimes aspargo, conspargo, dispargo, etc.; as along with dispando the vulgar form dispenno also occurs. So in all the verbal reduplications, as cĕcidi, cĕcini, pĕperi, pĕpigi, tĕtigi; pĕperci, fĕfelli; dĕdi and stĕti (from cado, cano, pario, pango, tango, parco, fallo, DA and STA), whereas the vowels i, o, u remain unchanged in reduplication (bĭbi; mŏmordi; tŭtudi; for the anomalous forms in Gell. 7, 9, are certainly Graecized). As along with pĕpĭgi there also arose by syncope (in the Lat. lang. a predominating element in the formation of words) the perfect pēgi; so we may explain the perfect forms cēpi, fēci, jēci, frēgi, and ēgi, as syncopated from cĕcĭpi, fĕfĭci, jĕjĭci, frĕfĭgi, and ĕïgi (this last analogously with dēgo, from dēĭgo).
        2. c. For i stands ĕ
          1. (α) in the neuter forms of the adjectives in is (acre, agreste, facile, etc.).
          2. (β) In the nominative forms: aedes, apes, canes, etc. (for aedis, apis, canis, etc. v. h. vv.).
          3. (γ) In the dative forms: morte, jure dicundo, Dijove, Victore, etc. (cf. Neue, Formenl. 1, 192 sq.; and Quint. 1, 4, 17).
          4. (δ) In the nominatives in es, whose genitive has ĭtis.
            (ε) In the nominatives from stems ending in c, b, p, t, n, etc., as, pollex, caelebs, princeps, comes, flumen, from pollic-, caelib-, princip-, comit-, flumin-; and (ζ) In the old and partly vulgar manner of writing and pronouncing: CEPET, EXEMET, NAVEBOS (Colum. Rostr.), FVET, DEDET, TEMPESTATEBVS, TIBE (Epit. of the Scipios), COMPROMESISE (S. C. de Bacch.), MENERVA, MAGESTER, HERE, VEA, VELLA, etc. (Quint. 1, 4, 8, and 17; Varr. R. R. 1, 2, 14; cf. Cic. de Or. 3, 12, 46). In the earliest period (before Plautus) ĕ was found in many words in which ĭ afterwards took its place; as: semul, fuet, mereto, tempestatebus, etc.
            (η) It is prob. too that the abl. ĕ of the third declension proceeded from ī (or id); cf. Neue, Formenl. 1, 239 sqq.; Corss. Ausspr. 2, 241 sq.
        3. d. It less freq. happens that o and u pass over into ĕ, as vello, ocellus, verto, vertex, vester, compared with vulsi, oculus, vorto, vortex, voster: generis from genus, societas from socius, etc.; and even for long u we have ĕ in dejĕro and pejĕro, from jūro.
        4. e. The stem vowel o is weakened to ĕ in the vocative of nouns in us of the second declension; ĕ also represents o in the perf. and in pass. forms, such as scripsere, conabare, conabere, from scripserunt, conabaris, conaberis; in the future forms attinge, dice, facie, recipie, from attingam, dicam, faciam, recipiam (see under dico init.); in the forms mage, pote, from magis, potis, etc.; it is inserted for euphony in the nom. of many nouns and adjj whose stems end in r preceded by a mute, as ager, aper, liber, aeger, ruber, sacer, etc.
        5. f. The vowel e is suppressed in the imperatives dic, duc, fac, fer, in the anteclass infinitive biber (from bibere); in the vocative of the second declension of nouns in ius, as Gai, geni, fili, canteri, columbari, mantuari, volturi, mi (cf. Freund in Jahn’s Neue Jahrbüch, 1835, vol. 13, p. 148 sq.), in enclitic particles often, as: hic, haec, hoc, for hice, etc.; so, illaec, sic, nunc, nec, ac, etc.: viden, potin: quin, for quine, etc., and as an initial in the present forms of the verb esse (sum, sumus, sunt; sim, etc., for esum, esumus, esunt, esim, etc.). But the forms facul, simul, Bacchanal, etc., are not apocopated. Even a radical ĕ sometimes drops out when a prefix or suffix is taken; so, gigno, for gigeno: malignus, for maligenus: gnatus, for genatus.
        6. g. The long e interchanges most freq. with the diphthongs ae and oe (q. v.); yet it sometimes also took the place of ā, as in anhēlo, from hālo, and in the rustic bēlo, for bālo; and likewise of ī, as LEBER, SPECA, AMECVS, for līber, spīca, amīcus (Quint. Inst. l. l.; Varr. R. R. 1, 48, 2; Paul. ex Fest. p. 15, 6 Müll.); and in words borrowed from the Greek, as chorēa, Darēus, along with Academīa, Alexandrīa; see the letter I.
        7. h. As an abbreviation, E (mostly in connection with other abbreviations) signifies egregius, equus, eques, erexit, evocatus, etc.; e. g. E. M. V. = egregiae memoriae vir; E. Q. R. = eques Romanus; EE. QQ. RR. = equites Romani; E. P. = equo publico; E. M. D. S. P. E. = e monitu de sua pecunia erexit, etc.
  2. 2.
    1. e. praep., out of, from, v. ex.

ex or ē (ex always before vowels, and elsewh. more freq. than e; e. g. in Cic. Rep. e occurs 19 times, but ex 61 times, before consonants—but no rule can be given for the usage; cf., e. g., ex and e together: qui ex corporum vinculis tamquam e carcere evolaverunt, Cic. Rep. 6, 14. But certain expressions have almost constantly the same form, as ex parte, ex sententia, ex senatus consulto, ex lege, ex tempore, etc.; but e regione, e re nata, e vestigio, e medio, and e republica used adverbially; v. Neue, Formenl. 2, 756 sq.), praep. with abl. [kindr. with Gr. ἐκ, ἐξ], denotes out from the interior of a thing, in opposition to in (cf. ab and de init.), out of, from.

  1. I. In space.
    1. A. Prop.: interea e portu nostra navis solvitur, Ubi portu exiimus, etc., Plaut. Bacch. 2, 3, 54: quam (sphaeram) M. Marcelli avus captis Syracusis ex urbe locupletissima atque ornatissima sustulisset, cum aliud nihil ex tanta praeda domum suam deportavisset, Cic. Rep. 1, 14: influxit non tenuis quidam e Graecia rivulus in hanc urbem, id. ib. 2, 19: visam, ecquae advenerit In portum ex Epheso navis mercatoria, Plaut. Bacch. 2, 3, 2; cf. id. ib. 3, 2, 5; 3, 6, 32 al.: magno de flumine malim quam ex hoc fonticulo tantundem sumere, Hor. S. 1, 1, 56; cf.: nec vos de paupere mensa Dona nec e puris spernite fictilibus, Tib. 1, 1, 38: clanculum ex aedibus me edidi foras, Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 9; so freq. with verbs compounded with ex; also with verbs compounded with ab and de, v. abeo, abscedo, amoveo, aveho, etc.; decedo, deduco, defero, deicio, etc.
      1. 2. In a downward direction, from, down from, from off: ex spelunca saxum in crura ejus incidisse, Cic. Fat. 3, 6; cf. Liv. 35, 21: picis e caelo demissum flumen, Lucr. 6, 257: equestribus proeliis saepe ex equis desiliunt, Caes. B. G. 4, 2, 3; cf.: cecidisse ex equo dicitur, Cic. Clu. 62 fin.: e curru trahitur, id. Rep. 2, 41: e curru desilit, Ov. A. A. 1, 559 et saep., v. cado, decido, decurro, deduco, delabor, elabor, etc.
      2. 3. In an upward direction, from, above: collis paululum ex planitie editus, Caes. B. G. 2, 8, 3: globum terrae eminentem e mari, Cic. Tusc. 1, 28; and trop.: consilia erigendae ex tam gravi casu rei publicae, Liv. 6, 2.
    2. B. Transf.
      1. 1. To indicate the country, and, in gen., the place from or out of which any person or thing comes, from: ex Aethiopia est usque haec, Ter. Eun. 3, 2, 18: quod erat ex eodem municipio, Cic. Clu. 17, 49; cf. id. ib. 5, 11.
        Freq. without a verb: Philocrates ex Alide, Plaut. Capt. 3, 2, 10: ex Aethiopia ancillula, Ter. Eun. 1, 2, 85 Ruhnk.: negotiator ex Africa, Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 5: Epicurei e Graecia, id. N. D. 1, 21, 58: Q. Junius ex Hispania quidam, Caes. B. G. 5, 27: ex India elephanti, Liv. 35, 32: civis Romanus e conventu Panhormitano, Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 54 Zumpt; cf. id. ib. 2, 5, 59 fin.: meretrix e proxumo, Plaut. As. 1, 1, 38; cf. id. Aul. 2, 4, 11: puer ex aula (sc. regis barbari), Hor. C. 1, 29, 7: ex spelunca saxum, Cic. Fat. 3, 6: saxum ex capitolio, Liv. 35, 21, 6: ex equo cadere, Cic. Clu. 32, 175; cf. id. Fat. 3, 6; Auct. B. Hisp. 15 et saep.
      2. 2. To indicate the place from which any thing is done or takes place, from, down from: ibi tum derepente ex alto in altum despexit mare, Enn. ap. Non. 518, 6 (for which: a summo caelo despicere, Ov. A. A. 2, 87; and: de vertice montis despicere, id. M. 11, 503); cf.: T. Labienus … ex loco superiore conspicatus, etc., Caes. B. G. 2, 26, 4: ex qua (villa) jam audieram fremitum clientium meorum, Cic. Fam. 7, 18, 3: ex hoc ipso loco permulta contra legem eam verba fecisti, id. de Imp. Pomp. 17, 52; so id. ib. 8 fin.; cf.: judices aut e plano aut e quaesitoris tribunali admonebat, Suet. Tib. 33: ex equo, ex prora, ex puppi pugnare, Plin. 7, 56, 57, § 202 and 209; cf. Caes. B. G. 2, 27, 3: ex vinculis causam dicere, id. ib. 1, 4, 1; Liv. 29, 19.
        Hence the adverbial expressions, ex adverso, ex diverso, ex contrario, e regione, ex parte, e vestigio, etc.; v. the words adversus, diversus, etc.
        Also, ex itinere, during or on a journey, on the march, without halting, Cic. Fam. 3, 9; Sall. C. 34, 2; Liv. 35, 24; Caes. B. G. 2, 6, 1; 3, 21, 2; id. B. C. 1, 24, 4; Sall. J. 56, 3 al.; cf. also: ex fuga, during the flight, Caes. B. G. 6, 35, 6; id. B. C. 3, 95; 96 fin.; Sall. J. 54, 4 Kritz.; Liv. 6, 29; 28, 23 al.
  2. II. In time.
    1. A. From a certain point of time, i. e. immediately after, directly after, after (in this sense more freq. than ab): Cotta ex consulatu est profectus in Galliam, Cic. Brut. 92, 318; so, ex consulatu, Liv. 4, 31 Drak.; 40, 1 fin.; 22, 49; 27, 34; Vell. 2, 33, 1 al.: ex praetura, Cic. Leg. 1, 20, 53; id. Mur. 7, 15; Caes. B. C. 1, 22, 4; 1, 31, 2: ex dictatura, Liv. 10, 5 fin.: ex eo magistratu, Vell. 2, 31 et saep.; cf.: Agrippa ex Asia (pro consule eam provinciam annuo imperio tenuerat) Moesiae praepositus est, Tac. H. 3, 46 fin.: statim e somno lavantur, id. G. 22: tanta repente vilitas annonae ex summa inopia et caritate rei frumentariae consecuta est, Cic. de Imp. Pomp. 15, 44; cf. Liv. 21, 39: ex aliquo graviore actu personam deponere, Quint. 6, 2, 35: mulier ex partu si, etc., Cels. 2, 8: ex magnis rupibus nactus planitiem, Caes. B. C. 1, 70, 3; cf.: ex maximo bello tantum otium totae insulae conciliavit, ut, etc., Nop. Timol. 3, 2; and: ex magna desperatione tandem saluti redditus, Just. 12, 10, 1 et saep.: ex quo obses Romae fuit, since he was a hostage in Rome, Liv. 40, 5 fin.
      So the phrase, aliud ex alio, one thing after another: me quotidie aliud ex alio impedit, Cic. Fam. 9, 19 fin.; Cic. Leg. 1, 4, 14 (cf. also, alius, D.): aliam rem ex alia cogitare, Ter. Eun. 4, 2, 3: alia ex aliis iniquiora postulando, Liv. 4, 2.
      So, too, diem ex die exspectabam, one day after another, from day to day, Cic. Att. 7, 26 fin.; cf.: diem ex die ducere, Caes. B. G. 1, 16, 5 (v. dies, I. A. b.).
      1. 2. With names of office or calling, to denote one who has completed his term of office, or has relinquished his vocation. So in class. Lat. very dub.; for the passage, Caes. B. C. 1, 46, 4, belongs more correctly under III. B. It is, however, very common in post-class. Lat., esp. in inscriptions—ex consule, ex comite, ex duce, ex equite, ex praefecto, etc.—an ex-consul, etc. (for which, without good MS. authority, the nominatives exconsul, excomes, exdux, etc., are sometimes assumed, in analogy with proconsul, and subvillicus; cf. Schneid. Gram. 1, p. 562, note, and the authors there cited): vir excelsus ex quaestore et ex consule Tribonianus, Cod. Just. 1, 17, 2, § 9; cf.: Pupienus et Balbinus, ambo ex consulibus, Capitol. Gord. 22: duo ante ipsam aram a Gallicano ex consulibus et Maecenate ex ducibus interempti sunt, id. ib.: mandabat Domitiano, ex comite largitionum, praefecto, ut, etc., Amm. 14, 7, 9: Serenianus ex duce, id. 14, 7, 7: INLVSTRIS EX PRAEFECTO praeTORIO ET EX PRAEFECTO VRbis, Inscr. Orell. 2355 al., v. Inscr. Orell. in Indice, p. 525.
        And of a period of life: quem si Constans Imperator olim ex adulto jamque maturum audiret, etc., i. e. who had outgrown the period of youth, and was now a man, Amm. 16, 7.
    2. B. From and after a given time, from … onward, from, since (cf. ab, II. A. 2.): bonus volo jam ex hoc die esse, Plaut. Pers. 4, 3, 10: itaque ex eo tempore res esse in vadimonium coepit, Cic. Quint. 5 fin.: nec vero usquam discedebam, nec a republica deiciebam oculos, ex eo die, quo, etc., id. Phil. 1, 1: ex aeterno tempore, id. Fin. 1, 6, 17: ex hoc die, id. Rep. 1, 16: motum ex Metello consule civicum tractas, from the consulship of Metellus, Hor. C. 2, 1, 1: C. Pompeius Diogenes ex Kalendis Juliis cenaculum locat, Petr. 38, 10; so usually in forms of hiring; cf. Garaton. Cic. Phil. 2, 39, 100: ex ea die ad hanc diem, Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 12 fin.: memoria tenent, me ex Kalendis Januariis ad hanc horam invigilasse rei publicae, id. Phil. 14, 7, 20.
      Esp.: ex quo (sc. tempore), since: octavus annus est, ex quo, etc., Tac. Agr. 33; id. A. 14, 53: sextus decimus dies agitur, ex quo, id. H. 1, 29: sextus mensis est, ex quo, Curt. 10, 6, 9; Hor. Ep. 11, 5; so, ex eo, Tac. A. 12, 7; Suet. Caes. 22: ex illo, Ov. F. 5, 670; Stat. Silv. 1, 2, 81.
    3. C. Less freq. in specifying a future date (after which something is to be done), from, after: Romae vereor ne ex Kal. Jan. magni tumultus sint, Cic. Fam. 16, 9, 3: hunc judicem ex Kal. Jan. non habemus … ex Kal. Jan. non judicabunt, id. Verr. 1, 10: ex Idibus Mart. … ex Idibus Mai., id. Att. 5, 21, 9.
  3. III. In other relations, and in gen. where a going out or forth, a coming or springing out of any thing is conceivable.
    1. A. With verbs of taking out, or, in gen., of taking, receiving, deriving (both physically and mentally; so of perceiving, comprehending, inquiring, learning, hoping, etc.), away from, from, out of, of: solem e mundo tollere videntur, qui amicitiam e vita tollunt, Cic. Lael. 13, 47: ex omni populo deligendi potestas, id. Agr. 2, 9, 23: agro ex hoste capto, Liv. 41, 14, 3: cui cum liceret majores ex otio fructus capere, Cic. Rep. 1, 4: ex populo Romano bona accipere, Sall. J. 102: majorem laetitiam ex desiderio bonorum percepimus, quam ex laetitia improborum dolorem, Cic. Rep. 1, 4: quaesierat ex me Scipio, id. ib. 1, 13: ex te requirunt, id. ib. 2, 38: de quo studeo ex te audire, quid sentias, id. ib. 1, 11 fin.; 1, 30; 1, 46; 2, 38; cf.: intellexi ex tuis litteris te ex Turannio audisse, etc., id. Att. 6, 9, 3: ex eo cum ab ineunte ejus aetate bene speravissem, id. Fam. 13, 16 et saep.; cf.: ex aliqua re aliquid nominare, id. N. D. 2, 20, 51: vocare, Tac. G. 2, 4; cf. id. ib. 4, 55; Sall. J. 5, 4.
    2. B. In specifying a multitude from which something is taken, or of which it forms a part, out of, of: qui ex civitate in senatum, ex senatu in hoc consilium delecti estis, Cic. Rosc. Am. 3 fin.: e vectoribus sorte ductus, id. Rep. 1, 34: ecquis est ex tanto populo, qui? etc., id. Rab. Post. 17: homo ex numero disertorum postulabat, ut, etc., id. de Or. 1, 37, 168: Q. Fulgentius, ex primo hastato (sc. ordine) legionis XIV., i. e. a soldier of the first division of hastati of the 14th legion, Caes. B. C. 1, 46; v. hastatus: e barbaris ipsis nulli erant maritimi, Cic. Rep. 2, 4: unus ex illis decemviris, id. ib. 2, 37: ex omnibus seculis vix tria aut quatuor nominantur paria amicorum, id. Lael. 4, 15: aliquis ex vobis, id. Cael. 3, 7; id. Fam. 13, 1 fin.: id enim ei ex ovo videbatur aurum declarasse; reliquum, argentum, this of the egg, id. Div. 2, 65: quo e collegio (sc. decemvirorum), id. Rep. 2, 36: virgines ex sacerdotio Vestae, Flor. 1, 13, 12: alia ex hoc quaestu, Ter. Hec. 5, 1, 29 Ruhnk.; cf.: fuit eodem ex studio vir eruditus apud patres nostros, Cic. Mur. 36; Ov. Am. 2, 5, 54; Sen. Ben. 3, 9; id. Ep. 52, 3: qui sibi detulerat ex latronibus suis principatum, Cic. Phil. 2, 3: est tibi ex his, qui assunt, bella copia, id. Rep. 2, 40: Batavi non multum ex ripa, sed insulam Rheni amnis colunt, Tac. G. 29: acerrimum autem ex omnibus nostris sensibus esse sensum videndi, Cic. de Or. 2, 87, 357: ex tribus istis modis rerum publicarum velim scire quod optimum judices, id. Rep. 1, 30; cf. id. ib. 1, 35 et saep.
      1. 2. Sometimes a circumlocution for the subject. gen., of (cf. de): has (turres) altitudo puppium ex barbaris navibus superabat, Caes. B. G. 3, 14, 4: album ex ovo cum rosa mixtum, Cels. 4, 20: ex fraxino frondes, ex leguminibus paleae, Col. 7, 3, 21 sq.
    3. C. To indicate the material of which any thing is made or consists, of: fenestrae e viminibus factae, Varr. R. R. 3, 9, 6; cf.: statua ex aere facta, Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 21; and: ex eo auro buculam curasse faciendam, id. Div. 1, 24: substramen e palea, Varr. R. R. 3, 10, 4: pocula ex auro, vas vinarium ex una gemma pergrandi, Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 27: monilia e gemmis, Suet. Calig. 56: farina ex faba, Cels. 5, 28: potiones ex absinthio, id. ib. et saep.: Ennius (i. e. statua ejus) constitutus ex marmore, Cic. Arch. 9 fin.; cf. id. Ac. 2, 31, 100: (homo) qui ex animo constet et corpore caduco et infirmo, id. N. D. 1, 35, 98: natura concreta ex pluribus naturis, id. ib. 3, 14; id. Rep. 1, 45; id. Ac. 1, 2, 6: cum Epicuro autem hoc est plus negotii, quod e duplici genere voluptatis conjunctus est, id. Fin. 2, 14, 44 et saep.
    4. D. To denote technically the material, out of, i. e. with which any thing to eat or drink, etc., is mixed or prepared (esp. freq. of medical preparations): resinam ex melle Aegyptiam, Plaut. Merc. 1, 2, 28: quo pacto ex jure hesterno panem atrum vorent, Ter. Eun. 5, 4, 17: bibat jejunus ex aqua castoreum, Cels. 3, 23: aqua ex lauro decocta, id. 4, 2; cf.: farina tritici ex aceto cocta, Plin. 22, 25, 57, § 120: pullum hirundinis servatum ex sale, Cels. 4, 4: nuclei pinei ex melle, panis vel elota alica ex aqua mulsa (danda est), id. 4, 7 et saep.
      So of the mixing of colors or flavors: bacae e viridi rubentes, Plin. 15, 30, 39, § 127: frutex ramosus, bacis e nigro rufis, id. ib. § 132: id solum e rubro lacteum traditur, id. 12, 14, 30, § 52: e viridi pallens, id. 37, 8, 33, § 110: apes ex aureolo variae, Col. 9, 3, 2: sucus ex austero dulcis, Plin. 13, 9, 18, § 62; 21, 8, 26, § 50: ex dulci acre, id. 11, 15, 15, § 39; cf. trop.: erat totus ex fraude et mendacio factus, Cic. Clu. 26.
    5. E. To indicate the cause or reason of any thing, from, through, by, by reason of, on account of: cum esset ex aere alieno commota civitas, Cic. Rep. 2, 33: ex doctrina nobilis et clarus, id. Rab. Post. 9, 23: ex vulnere aeger, id. Rep. 2, 21; cf.: ex renibus laborare, id. Tusc. 2, 25: ex gravitate loci vulgari morbos, Liv. 25, 26: ex vino vacillantes, hesterna ex potatione oscitantes, Quint. 8, 33, 66: gravida e Pamphilo est, Ter. And. 1, 3, 11: credon’ tibi hoc, nunc peperisse hanc e Pamphilo? id. ib. 3, 2, 17: ex se nati, Cic. Rep. 1, 35: ex quodam conceptus, id. ib. 2, 21: ex nimia potentia principum oritur interitus principum, id. ib. 1, 44: ex hac maxima libertate tyrannis gignitur, id. ib. et saep.: ex te duplex nos afficit sollicitudo, Cic. Brut. 97, 332; cf.: quoniam tum ex me doluisti, nunc ut duplicetur tuum ex me gaudium, praestabo, id. Fam. 16, 21, 3: in spem victoriae adductus ex opportunitate loci, Sall. J. 48, 2: veritus ex anni tempore et inopia aquae, ne siti conficeretur exercitus, id. ib. 50, 1 et saep.: ex Transalpinis gentibus triumphare, Cic. Phil. 8, 6, 18; id. Off. 2, 8, 28; cf. id. Fam. 3, 10, 1: gens Fabia saepe ex opulentissima Etrusca civitate victoriam tulit, Liv. 2, 50: ex tam propinquis stativis parum tuta frumentatio erat, i. e. on account of the proximity of the two camps, Liv. 31, 36: qua ex causa cum bellum Romanis Sabini intulissent, Cic. Rep. 2, 7: hic mihi (credo equidem ex hoc, quod eramus locuti) Africanus se ostendit, id. ib. 6, 10: quod ex eo sciri potest, quia, etc., id. Tusc. 1, 18 fin.; cf. id. Leg. 1, 15, 43: causa … fuit ex eo, quod, etc., id. Phil. 6, 1: ex eo fieri, ut, etc., id. Lael. 13, 46: ex quo fit, ut, etc., id. Rep. 1, 43: e quo efficitur, non ut, etc., id. Fin. 2, 5, 15 et saep.
      Sometimes between two substantives without a verb: non minor ex aqua postea quam ab hostibus clades, Flor. 4, 10, 8: ex nausea vomitus, Cels. 4, 5: ex hac clade atrox ira, Liv. 2, 51, 6: metus ex imperatore, contemptio ex barbaris, Tac. A. 11, 20: ex legato timor, id. Agr. 16 et saep.
      1. 2. In partic., to indicate that from which any thing derives its name, from, after, on account of: cui postea Africano cognomen ex virtute fuit, Sall. J. 5, 4; cf. Flor. 2, 6, 11: cui (sc. Tarquinio) cognomen Superbo ex moribus datum, id. 1, 7, 1: nomen ex vitio positum, Ov. F. 2, 601: quarum ex disparibus motionibus magnum annum mathematici nominaverunt, Cic. N. D. 2, 20; id. Leg. 1, 8; cf. id. Tusc. 4, 12; Plin. 11, 37, 45, § 123: holosteon sine duritia est, herba ex adverso appellata a Graecis, id. 27, 10, 65, § 91: quam urbem e suo nomine Romam jussit nominari, Cic. Rep. 2, 7: e nomine (nominibus), id. ib. 2, 20; Tac. A. 4, 55; id. G. 2; Just. 15, 4, 8; 20, 5, 9 et saep.
  4. F. To indicate a transition, i. e. a change, alteration, from one state or condition to another, from, out of: si possum tranquillum facere ex irato mihi, Plaut. Cist. 3, 21: fierent juvenes subito ex infantibus parvis, Lucr. 1, 186: dii ex hominibus facti, Cic. Rep. 2, 10: ut exsistat ex rege dominus, ex optimatibus factio, ex populo turba et confusio, id. ib. 1, 45: nihil est tam miserabile quam ex beato miser, id. Part. 17; cf.: ex exsule consul, id. Manil. 4, 46: ex perpetuo annuum placuit, ex singulari duplex, Flor. 1, 9, 2: tua virtute nobis Romanos ex amicis amicissimos fecisti, Sall. J. 10: ex alto sapore excitati, Curt. 7, 11, 18.
  5. G. Ex (e) re, ex usu or ex injuria, to or for the advantage or injury of any one: ex tua re non est, ut ego emoriar, Plaut. Ps. 1, 3, 102; 104; cf. Ter. Phorm. 5, 7, 76: Cervius haec inter vicinus garrit aniles Ex re fabellas, i. e. fitting, suitable, pertinent (= pro commodo, quae cum re proposita conveniant), Hor. S. 2, 6, 78: aliquid facere bene et e re publica, for the good, the safety of the state, Cic. Phil. 10, 11, 25: e (not ex) re publica, id. ib. 3, 12, 30; 8, 4, 13; id. de Or. 2, 28, 124; id. Fam. 13, 8, 2; Liv. 23, 24; Suet. Caes. 19 et saep.: exque re publica, Cic. Phil. 3, 15, 38; 5, 13, 36: non ex usu nostro est, Plaut. Merc. 2, 3, 60; Ter. Hec. 4, 3, 10; Caes. B. G. 1, 30, 2; 1, 50 fin.; 5, 6 fin. al.; cf.: ex utilitate, Plin. Pan. 67, 4; Tac. A. 15, 43: ex nullius injuria, Liv. 45, 44, 11.
  6. H. To designate the measure or rule, according to, after, in conformity with which any thing is done: (majores) primum jurare EX SVI ANIMI SENTENTIA quemque voluerunt, Cic. Ac. 2, 47 fin. (cf. Beier, Cic. Off. 3, 29, 108, and the references): ex omnium sententia constitutum est, etc., id. Clu. 63, 177; cf.: ex senatus sententia, id. Fam. 12, 4: ex collegii sententia, Liv. 4, 53: ex amicorum sententia, id. 40, 29: ex consilii sententia, id. 45, 29 et saep.; cf. also: ex sententia, i. q. ex voluntate, according to one’s wish, Plaut. Capt. 2, 2, 96: Ter. Hec. 5, 4, 32; Cic. Fam. 12, 10, 2; id. Att. 5, 21 al.; and, in a like sense: ex mea sententia, Plaut. Men. 2, 2, 1; id. Merc. 2, 3, 36: ex senatus consulto, Cic. Rep. 3, 18; Sall. C. 42 fin.: ex edicto, ex decreto, Cic. Fam. 13, 56 fin.; id. Quint. 8, 30: ex lege, id. Div. in Caecil. 5, 19; id. Clu. 37, 103; id. Inv. 1, 38, 68: ex jure, Enn. ap. Gell. 20, 10, 4 (Ann. v. 276 ed. Vahl.); Varr. L. L. 6, § 64 Müll.; Cic. Mur. 12, 26; id. de Or. 1, 10, 41: ex foedere, Liv. 1, 23 et saep.: hunccine erat aequum ex illius more, an illum ex hujus vivere? Ter. Heaut. 1, 2, 29; so, ex more, Sall. J. 61, 3; Verg. A. 5, 244; 8, 186; Ov. M. 14, 156; 15, 593; Plin. Ep. 3, 18; Flor. 4, 2, 79 al.; cf.: ex consuetudine, Cic. Clu. 13, 38; Caes. B. G. 1, 52, 4; 4, 32, 1; Sall. J. 71, 4; Quint. 2, 7, 1 al.: quod esse volunt e virtute, id est honeste vivere, Cic. Fin. 2, 11, 34: ex sua libidine moderantur, Ter. Heaut. 2, 1, 4; cf. Sall. C. 8, 1: ut magis ex animo rogare nihil possim, Cic. Fam. 13, 8, 3: eorum ex ingenio ingenium horum probant, Plaut. Trin. 4, 3, 42; cf. Ter. Eun. 1, 2, 118; Balb. ap. Cic. Att. 9, 7, A.: leges ex utilitate communi, non ex scriptione, quae in litteris est, interpretari, Cic. Inv. 1, 38; cf. id. Lael. 6, 21: nemo enim illum ex trunco corporis spectabat, sed ex artificio comico aestimabat, id. Rosc. Com. 10, 28; cf. Sall. C. 10, 5; Caes. B. G. 3, 20, 1; Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 4, 2 al.: ex tuis verbis meum futurum corium pulcrum praedicas, Plaut. Ep. 5, 1, 19; cf. Cic. Fam. 7, 17; id. Att. 1, 3: nunc quae scribo, scribo ex opinione hominum atque fama, id. Fam. 12, 4 fin.: scripsit Tiberio, non ut profugus aut supplex, sed ex memoria prioris fortunae, Tac. A. 2, 63: quamquam haec quidem res non solum ex domestica est ratione; attingit etiam bellicam, Cic. Off. 1, 22, 76; cf. id. Quint. 11; 15 et saep.
    E re rata, v. ratus.
  1. I. To form adverbial expressions, such as: ex aequo, ex commodo, ex contrario, ex composito, ex confesso, ex destinato, ex diverso, ex facili, etc., ex affluenti, ex continenti; ex improviso, ex inopinato, etc., v. the words aequus, commodus, etc.
    Note: Ex placed after its noun: variis ex, Lucr. 2, 791: terris ex, id. 6, 788: quibus e sumus uniter apti, id. 3, 839; 5, 949.
    E joined with que: que sacra quercu, Verg. E. 7, 13.
  2. IV. In composition, ex (cf. dis) before vowels and h, and before c, p, q, t (exagito, exeo, exigo, exoro, exuro, exhaurio; excedo, expello, exquiro, extraho); ef (sometimes ec) before f (effero, effluo, effringo; also in good MSS. ecfero, ecfari, ecfodio), elsewhere e (eblandior, educo, egredior, eicio, eligo, emitto, enitor, evado, eveho). A few exceptions are found, viz., in ex: epoto and epotus as well as expotus, and escendo as well as exscensio; in e: exbibo as well as ebibo; exballisto, exbola; exdorsuo; exfututa as well as effutuo; exfibulo; exlex, etc. After ex in compounds s is often elided in MSS. and edd. Both forms are correct, but the best usage and analogy favor the retaining of the s; so, exsaevio, exsanguis, exscensio, exscindo, exscribo, exsculpo, exseco, exsecror, exsequiae, exsequor, exsero, exsicco, exsilio, exsilium, exsisto, exsolvo, exsomnis, exsorbeo, exsors, exspecto, exspes, exspiro, exspolio, exspuo, exsterno, exstimulo, exstinguo, exstirpo, exsto, exstruo, exsudo, exsugo, exsul, exsulto, exsupero, exsurgo, exsuscito, and some others, with their derivv.; cf. Ribbeck, Prol. Verg. p. 445 sq. Only in escendere and escensio is the elision of x before s sustained by preponderant usage; cf. Neue, Formenl. 2, p. 766.
    1. B. Signification.
      1. 1. Primarily and most freq. of place, out or forth: exeo, elabor, educo, evado, etc.; and in an upward direction: emineo, effervesco, effero, erigo, exsurgo, exsulto, extollo, everto, etc.
        Hence also, trop., out of (a former nature), as in effeminare, qs. to change out of his own nature into that of a woman: effero, are, to render wild; thus ex comes to denote privation or negation, Engl. un-: exanimare, excusare, enodare, exonerare, effrenare, egelidus, I., elinguis, elumbis, etc.
      2. 2. Throughout, to the end: effervesco, effero, elugeo; so in the neuter verbs which in composition (esp. since the Aug. per.) become active: egredior, enavigo, eno, enitor, excedo, etc.
        Hence, thoroughly, utterly, completely: elaudare, emori, enecare, evastare, evincere (but eminari and eminatio are false readings for minari and minatio; q. v.); and hence a simple enhancing of the principal idea: edurus, efferus, elamentabilis, egelidus, exacerbo, exaugeo, excolo, edisco, elaboro, etc. In many compounds, however, of post-Aug. and especially of post-class. Latinity this force of ex is no longer distinct; so in appellations of color: exalbidus, exaluminatus, etc.; so in exabusus, exambire, exancillatus, etc. Vid. Hand Turs. II. pp. 613-662.

eā, v. is.

is, ĕa, id (m. eis, C. I. L. 1, 198; n. it, ib. 5, 875 al., and freq. in MSS. of Plaut.), gen. ējus (old form eiius, C. I. L. 3, 1365 et saep.; v. Prisc. 1, 4, 18, p. 545; also etius, ib. 2, 1276 al.; scanned ĕius, Plaut. Poen. 4, 2, 60; Ter. Eun. 1, 2, 51; v. Lachm. ad Lucr. 3, 374; also Cic. poët. N. D. 2, 42, 109: eius, monosyl., Plaut. Mil. 3, 1, 206; Ter. Eun. 4, 1, 7 et saep.; dat. ĕï, in ante-class. poetry often ēi, Plaut. Most. 4, 2, 32; Ter. Heaut. 3, 1, 46; Lucr. 2, 1136; 5, 300: eiei, C. I. L. 1, 198, 12 al.: eei, Inscr. Neap. 2423: iei, C. I. L. 1, 205, col. 2, 12 al.: ei, monosyl., Plaut. Capt. 2, 3, 68; id. Trin. 1, 2, 138 et saep.; Cat. 82, 3; cf. Prisc. 7, 5, 21, p. 740; Lachm. ad Lucr. 3, 374: eo, Inscr. Murat. 582; f. eae, Plaut. Mil. 2, 3, 77 Ritschl; Cato, R. R. 46, 1; v. Varr. L. L. 8, 28, 51; acc. im for eum, Lex ap. Cic. Leg. 2, 24, 60; Charis. 1, 17, p. 107 sq.; Paul. ex Fest. p. 103; also em, Tab. XII., tab. 1, fr. 1.
Plur. nom. m. ĕi, Plaut. Mil. 2, 4, 32; id. Stich. 1, 3, 47; Ter. Ad. prol. 23; but in the MSS. ii; Cic. de Or. 1, 19, 87 et saep.: eei, Inscr. Neap. 2423, 8: iei, C. I. L. 1, 185; Varr. L. L. 9, 1, 2 al.; but ī, Plaut. Trin. prol. 17; id. Mil. 3, 1, 158 al.; v. Ritschl prol. p. 98; gen. eum for eorum, Inscr. Murat. 582, 2; dat. and abl. eīs or iīs, also īs, C. I. L. 1, 198, 48; Plaut. Mil. 3, 1, 140, and freq. in MSS.: eis, monosyl., Ter. And. 1, 1, 36; id. Eun. 5, 8, 59 al.; v. Lachm. ad Lucr. 4, 934: ieis, C. I. L. 1, 204, col. 1, 5 al.; old form also ībus, Plaut. Mil. 1, 74; id. Truc. 1, 2, 17: ĭbus, Titin. et Pomp. ap. Non. p. 486; Lucr. 2, 88; cf. S. C. ap. Gell. 4, 6, 2; v. Lachm. l. l.; f. eābus, Cato, R. R. 152; cf. Prisc. 7, 3, 11, p. 733; v. more on these forms, Neue, Formenl. 2, 191-196), pron. demonstr. [root i-; Sanscr. itas; hence, i-ha, here; cf. i-bi, i-ta, i-dem, etc.].

  1. I. He, she, it; this or that man, woman, thing.
    1. A. Referring to something already mentioned, in gen.
      1. 1. Referring to the third person: fuit quidam senex Mercator: navem is fregit apud Andrum insulam: Is obiit mortem, Ter. And. 1, 3, 16: venit mihi obviam tuus puer: is mihi litteras abs te reddidit, Cic. Att. 2, 1, 1: objecit ut probrum nobiliori, quod is, etc., id. Tusc. 1, 2, 3.
      2. 2. Of the first person: ego me credidi Homini docto rem mandare: is lapidi mando maxumo, Plaut. Merc. 3, 4, 47: haec omnia is feci, qui sodalis Dolabellae eram, Cic. Fam. 12, 14; Sen. Ep. 63 al.
      3. 3. Of the second person: qui magister equitum fuisse tibi viderere, is per municipia cucurristi, Cic. Phil. 2, 30.
    2. B. Esp.
      1. 1. In connection with a noun: ea re, quia turpe sit, faciendum non esse, Cic. Off. 3, 13: ea res ut est Helvetiis enuntiata, etc., Caes. B. G. 1, 4: ne ob eam rem tribueret, etc., id. ib. 1, 13: flumen est Arar … id flumen, etc., id. ib. 1, 12: sub id tempus, Liv. 43, 5: ejus disputationis sententias memoriae mandavi, Cic. Lael. 1, 3: ante eam diem, id. Att. 2, 11, 2: ea tempestate, Sall. C. 36, 4: quam urbem is rex condidit, Plin. 6, 17, 21, § 61.
      2. 2. When is, ea, id would stand in the same case with the relative it is usually omitted; when the relative precedes, it is sometimes employed for emphasis: male se res habet, cum, quod virtute effici debet, id temptatur pecuniā, Cic. Off. 2, 6, 22.
      3. 3. Connected with que and quidem, it gives prominence to a preceding idea: cum una legione eaque vacillante, and that, Cic. Phil. 3, 12, 31: inprimis nobis sermo isque multus de te fuit, id. Att. 5, 1, 3: tuus dolor humanus is quidem, sed, etc., id. ib. 12, 10: vincula et ea sempiterna, id. Cat. 4, 4, 7: certa flagitiis merces, nec ea parva, id. Phil. 2, 18, 44.
      4. 4. It is sometimes used instead of the reflexive pronoun: Helvetii persuadent Rauracis, ut una cum iis (for secum) proficiscantur, Caes. B. G. 1, 5: Caesar etiam privatas injurias ultus est, quod ejus soceri avum Tigurini interfecerant, id. ib. 1, 12.
      5. 5. It is sometimes placed, for greater emphasis, after a relative: multitudinem, quae fortunis vestris imminebat, eam … se fecisse commemorat, ut, etc., Cic. Mil. 35, 95; cf.: urbem novam conditam vi et armis, jure eam legibusque de integro condere parat, Liv. 1, 19, 1.
    3. C. Id, n., to designate an idea in the most general manner, that (thing, fact, thought, circumstance, etc.).
      1. 1. In gen.: quando verba vana ad id locorum fuerint, rebus standum esse, hitherto, till now, Liv. 9, 45, 2; so, ad id (sc. tempus), id. 3, 22: ad id diei, Gell. 17, 8: ad id quod natura cogeret, i. e. death, Nep. Att. 22, 2: id temporis, at that time, Cic. Mil. 10, 28; id. Cat. 4, 1, 10: id. Att. 13, 33: id aetatis, at that age, id. de Or. 1, 47; cf. id. Verr. 2, 2, 37, § 91.
      2. 2. Esp.
          1. (α) Id, therefore, for that reason, on that account: id ego gaudeo, Cic. Q. Fr. 3, 1, 3: id misera maesta est, Plaut. Rud. 2, 3, 66: idne estis auctores mihi? do you advise me to that? Ter. Ad. 5, 8, 16.
          2. (β) Id genus = ejus generis, Gell. 9, 12, 13: aliquid id genus scribere, Cic. Att. 13, 12, 3.
          3. (γ) Ad id, for that purpose: ad id quod sua quemque mala cogebant, evocati, Liv. 3, 7, 8: ad id quod = praeterquam quod, besides that: consul ad id, quod, etc., tunc quoque, etc., id. 44, 37, 12; 3, 62, 1; 26, 45, 8 al.
          4. (δ) In id, to that end, on that account, therefore: in id fide a rege accepta, Liv. 28, 17.
            (ε) In eo est, it is gone so far, is at that pass: quod ad me de Lentulo scribis, non est in eo, it is not come to that, is not so, Cic. Att. 12, 40: cum jam in eo esset, ut in muros evaderet miles, when the soldiers were just on the point of scaling the walls, Liv. 2, 17, 5; 28, 22, 8; Nep. Milt. 7, 3: in eo est, also, it consists in that, depends upon that: totum in eo est tectorium, ut sit concinnum, Cic. Q. Fr. 3, 1, 1, § 1: ejus omnis oratio versata est in eo, ut, etc., id. de Or. 1, 57, 254: sic velim enitare quasi in eo mihi sint omnia, id. Fam. 15, 14.
            (ζ) Ex eo, from that, hence: sed tamen ex eo, quod eam voluptatem videtur amplexari saepe vehementius, etc., Cic. Fin. 2, 9.
            (η) Cum eo, ut (with subj.), with the condition or stipulation that, etc., Liv. 8, 14.
            (θ) Eo, adverbially, with the comp., so much, by so much; but frequently to be expressed in English by the, Cic. Quint. 9; so id. Q. Fr. 3, 1, 5.
    4. D. Sometimes is refers to the foll. substantive, instead of to the preceding relative: quae vectigalia locasset, ea rata locatio (for eorum), Liv. 23, 11: ea libera conjectura est (for de hac re), id. 4, 20: quae pars major erit, eo stabitur consilio (for ejus), id. 7, 35: existit ea, quae gemma dicitur, Cic. de Sen. 15.
      Sometimes, for emphasis, it is placed before the relative quod, to represent a thought or clause: ratus, id quod negotium poscebat, Jugurtham venturum, Sall. J. 56, 1; id. C. 51, 20: sive ille hoc ingenio potuisset, sive, id quod constaret, Platonis studiosus audiendi fuisset, Cic. de Or. 1, 20, 89: si nos, id quod debet, nostra patria delectat, id. ib. 1, 44, 196: si, id quod facile factu fuit, vi armisque superassem, id. Sest. 17, 39; 13, 30; so, id quo, id. Inv. 1, 26, 39: id de quo, Liv. 21, 10, 9.
      It is thus apparently pleonastic after substantives: Octavio Mamilio—is longe princeps Latini nominis erat … —ei Mamilio filiam nuptum dat, Liv. 1, 49, 9: cultrum, quem habebat, eum defigit, id. 1, 58, 11; cf. id. 3, 58, 1.
      It is rarely pleonastic after the relative: quod ne id facere posses, idcirco dixeram, Cic. Ac. 2, 25, 79 dub. (B. and K. bracket id).
  2. II. He, she, it; that man or the man (woman, thing), the one, that one, as a correlative to qui: si is, qui erit adductus, Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 89, § 207: is mihi profecto servus spectatus satis, Cui dominus curae est, Ter. Ad. 5, 6, 5. And also in the first person: haec tibi scribo … is, qui flevi, Sen. Ep. 1.
  3. III. Such, of such a sort, character, or quality: in eum jam rediit locum, ut, etc., Ter. Heaut. 2, 3, 118: neque enim tu is es, qui, quid sis, nescias, Cic. Fam. 5, 12, 6; 4, 7, 2: itaque ego is in illum sum, quem tu me esse vis, id. Att. 7, 8, 1: is eram natus … ut potuerim, Liv. 7, 40, 8.
    Adj.: nec tamen eas cenas quaero, ut magnae reliquiae fiant, Cic. Fam. 9, 16, 8; id. Clu. 70: quae causae sunt ejus modi, ut de earum jure dubium esse non possit, id. de Or. 1, 57, 241: est enim credo is vir iste, ut civitatis nomen sua auctoritate sustineat, id. Fl. 15, 34.
    1. B. Such, so great, of so high a degree: L. Mescinius ea mecum consuetudine conjunctus est, quod mihi quaestor fuit, Cic. Fam. 13, 26, 1.
      Hence, advv.
      1. 1. ĕā (sc. parte, viā, etc.), on that side, by that way, there: quod eā proxime accedi poterat, Cic. Caecin. 8, 21: itinera muniit: effecit ut eā elephantus ornatus ire posset, quā antea, etc., Nep. Ham. 3 fin.: postquam comperit, transitum eā non esse, Liv. 21, 32, 9; 5, 43, 2; 24, 2 fin.; 26, 11 fin.; 27, 15 fin. al.
      2. 2. ĕō, v. 2. eo.

eādem, adv. [abl. f., from idem, sc. viā, operā, or parte].

  1. I. By the same way (rare): ut ventum est in trivium, eadem qua ceteri fugere noluit, Cic. Div. 1, 54, 123: eadem revertens, Liv. 5, 46, 3: eadem et Romanos sequentes impetus rapit, id. 4, 33, 12.
  2. II. Transf.
    1. A. (Sc. operā, sometimes expressed, Plaut. Capt. 2, 3, 90; id. Bacch. 1, 1, 26; prop., by the same piece of work, i. e.) At the same time, likewise (ante-class.), Plaut. Trin. 2, 4, 180 (cf. Brix. ad loc.) eādem ego ex hoc quae volo exquaesivero, id. Capt. 2, 2, 43. atque eādem mulieres apparebunt, id. Poen. 3, 3, 3.
    2. B. Repeated: eadem … eadem, now … now, at one time … at another: eadem biberis, eadem dedero tibi ubi biberis savium, Plaut. Bacch. 1, 1, 49 (15).

īdem, ĕădem, ĭdem (masc. eidem, freq. in MSS. and inscrr.; v. Lachm. ad Lucr. 1, 120; rarely isdem or eisdem; plur. nom. eidem; dat. and abl. eisdem; usu. contr. idem, isdem; not iidem, iisdem; v. Neue, Formenl. 2, 198 sqq.), pron. [from the pronom. root I, whence is, and the demonstr. suff. dem; root of dies, day, time; hence, just, exactly, Corss. Aussp. 2, 855], the same.

  1. I. In gen.: deinde quod nos eadem Asia atque idem iste Mithridates initio belli Asiatici docuit, Cic. de Imp. Pomp. 7, 19: quam (sphaeram) ab eodem Archimede factam posuerat in templo Virtutis Marcellus idem, id. Rep. 1, 14: id, quod eidem Ciceroni placet, Quint. 10, 7, 28: jure erat semper idem vultus (Socratis), Cic. Tusc. 3, 15, 31: idem semper vultus eademque frons, id. Off. 1, 26, 90: tu autem eodem modo omnes causas ages? aut in iisdem causis perpetuum et eundem spiritum sine ulla commutatione obtinebis? id. Or. 31, 110: non quod alia res esset: immo eadem, id. Clu. 29, 80: etiam si verbo differre videbitur, re tamen erit unum et omnibus in causis idem valebit, id. Caecin. 21, 59: ad causas simillimas inter se vel potius easdem, id. Brut. 94, 324.
  2. II. In partic., idem is used,
    1. A. When two predicates are referred to the same subject.
      1. 1. When the predicates are of the same kind it may often be rendered, at the same time, likewise, also, etc., or = is (ea, id) with quoque, etiam, simul, etc.: cum Academico et eodem rhetore congredi conatus sum, Cic. N. D. 2, 1, 1; cf.: oratio splendida et grandis et eadem in primis faceta, id. Brut. 79, 273: avunculus meus, vir innocentissimus idemque doctissimus, id. N. D. 3, 32, 80: jam M. Marcellus ille quinquies consul totum (auspicium) omisit, idem imperator, idem augur optimus, id. Div. 2, 36, 77: ubi Xenocrates, ubi Aristoteles ista tetigit? hos enim quasi eosdem esse vultis, id. Ac. 2, 44, 136; cf.: viros fortes, magnanimos, eosdem bonos et simplices esse volumus, id. Off. 1, 19, 63: Caninius idem et idem noster cum ad me pervesperi venisset, etc., id. Fam. 9, 2, 1: amicus est tamquam alter idem, a second self, id. Lael. 21, 80: ad idem semper exspectandum paratior, id. Off. 2, 15, 53: nam idem velle atque idem nolle, ea demum firma amicitia est, Sall. C. 20, 5; cf.: quos omnes eadem odisse, eadem metuere in unum coeëgit, id. J. 31, 14: Hisdem diebus, for eisdem, Pall. 10, 13: hic finis belli, … idemque finis regni, Liv. 45, 9, 2; 2, 12, 2: quae ab condita urbe Roma ad captam urbem eandem Romani … gessere, id. 6, 1, 1: ut pars militum gladiatores, qui e servitio Blaesi erant, pars ceteram ejusdem familiam vincirent, Tac. A. 1, 23: erepta mihi prius eorundem matre, Quint. 6 prooem. 4: fervida aestas, longinqua itinera sola ducis patientia mitigabantur, eodem plura quam gregario milite tolerante, Tac. A. 14, 24.
      2. 2. When the predicates are in contrast with one another it may be rendered, nevertheless, yet, on the contrary: (Epicurus) cum optimam et praestantissimam naturam dei dicat esse, negat idem esse in deo gratiam, Cic. N. D. 1, 43, § 121; cf. Curt. 5, 1, 14.
    2. B. Esp.
      1. 1. Connected or corresp. with the pronouns ego, tu, hic, ille, iste, qui, and with unus: idem ego ille (non enim mihi videor insolenter gloriari, etc.) idem inquam ego recreavi afflictos animos, etc., Cic. Att. 1, 16, 8: ego idem, qui, etc., id. Or. 7, 23; cf.: habitae sunt multae de me contiones … habuit de eodem me P. Lentulus consul contionem, id. Sest. 50, 107: cedo nunc ejusdem illius inimici mei de me eodem contionem, id. ib. § 108: de me eodem, id. ib. 51, 109: quin tu igitur concedis idem, etc., id. Rep. 1, 39 fin. Mos.; cf.: cognoram te in custodia salutis meae diligentem: eundemque te, etc., id. Att. 4, 1, 1: Sopater quidam fuit, etc. … huic eidem Sopatro eidem inimici ad C. Verrem ejusdem rei nomen detulerunt, id. Verr. 2, 2, 28, § 68: cum est idem hic Sopater absolutus, id. ib. 2, 2, 29, § 70: hoc idem facere, id. Rep. 1, 35: ab hisce eisdem permotionibus, id. de Or. 1, 12, 53: idem ille tyrannus, id. Rep. 1, 42: in eisdem illis locis, id. Verr. 2, 1, 21, § 56: eandem illam (sphaeram), id. Rep. 1, 14: eum et idem qui consuerunt et idem illud alii desiderent, id. Off. 2, 15 fin.: idem iste Mithridates, id. de Imp. Pomp. 7, 19 (Klotz, Orell., B. and K.; older edd., idem ipse): musici qui erant quondam idem poëtae, id. de Or. 3, 44, 174; cf.: beneficentia, quam eandem benignitatem appellari licet, id. Off. 1, 7, 20: quod idem in ceteris artibus non fit, id. Fin. 3, 7, 24 fin.: exitus quidem omnium unus et idem fuit, id. Div. 2, 47, 97: in qua (causa) omnes sentirent unum atque idem, id. Cat. 4, 7, 14; cf. in an inverted order: ut verset saepe multis modis eandem et unam rem, id. Or. 40, 137: neque ego aliter accepi: intellexi tamen idem, non existimasse te, etc., id. Fam. 9, 15, 3; id. Att. 3, 12, 1; 8, 3, 3.
      2. 2. As a word of comparison, with et, ac, que, ut, qui (quae, quod), quam, quasi, cum, or (mostly poet.) with the dat., the same as, identical with, of the same meaning as, etc.: si quaeratur, idemne sit pertinacia et perseverantia, Cic. Top. 23, 87: videmus fuisse quosdam, qui idem ornate ac graviter, idem versute et subtiliter dicerent, at the same time and as well as, id. Or. 7, 22; cf. id. Sull. 18, 51: imperii nostri terrarumque idem est extremum, id. Prov. Cons. 13, 33; cf. id. Cael. 28, 67: disputationem habitam non quasi narrantes exponimus, sed eisdem fere verbis, ut actum disputatumque est, id. Tusc. 2, 3, 9: idem abeunt, qui venerant, id. Fin. 4, 3, 7: quoniam earum rerum quas ego gessi, non est eadem fortuna atque condicio, quae illorum qui, etc., id. Cat. 3, 12, 27: non quo idem sit servulus quod familia, id. Caecin. 20, 58: qui (servi) et moribus eisdem essent, quibus dominus, et eodem genere ac loco nati, id. Verr. 2, 3, 25, § 62: eandem constituit potestatem quam si, etc., id. Agr. 2, 12, 30: eodem loco res est, quasi ea pecunia legata non esset, id. Leg. 2, 21, 53; cf.: sensu amisso fit idem, quasi natus non esset omnino, id. Lael. 4, 14.
        With cum: tibi mecum in eodem est pistrino vivendum, Cic. de Or. 2, 33, 144: hunc eodem mecum patre genitum, etc., Tac. A. 15, 2: in eadem mecum Africa geniti fides, Liv. 30, 12, 15; 28, 28, 14.
        With dat.: (Homerus) Sceptra potitus, eadem aliis sopitu’ quiete est, Lucr. 3, 1038; cf.: invitum qui servat idem facit occidenti, Hor. A. P. 467; so Ov. M. 13, 50; id. Am. 1, 4, 1 al.: quod non idem illis censuissemus, Cic. Fam. 9, 6, 3; Just. 2, 4, 10: ille eadem nobis juratus in arma, Ov. M. 13, 50.
        In neutr. with gen.: si idem nos juris haberemus quod ceteri, Cic. Balb. 12, 29: tibi idem consilii do, quod, etc., id. Fam. 9, 2, 2: omnes qui ubique idem operis efficiunt, Lact. 5, 4, 1: non habet officii lucifer omnis idem, Ov. F. 1, 46.
        Advv.: eādem, eodem, v. h. v.

ĕălē, ēs, f., a large animal found in Ethiopia; acc. to Cuvier, the two-horned rhinoceros, Plin 8, 21, 30, § 73.

ĕā-propter (= propter ea), adv., on that account, therefore, Ter. And. 5, 5, 3 Fleck. Pomp. Bon. Com. p. 238 Rib.

ĕapse, v. ipse init.

    1. 1. † ĕărĭnus, a, um, adj., = ἐαρινός, of the color of spring, i. e. green: oves purpureas et earinas, Tert. Hab. mul. 8.

2. Eărĭnus (-nos), i, = Ἑαρινός, the name of a slave, cited as an example of poet. license, and scanned Ēăr-, Mart. 9, 2, 13.

ĕā-tĕnus, adv. [is], designates the limit to which an action or condition extends,

  1. I. so far (rare; perh. not before Cic., for in Plaut. Most. 1, 2, 50, the right reading is protenus); followed by quatenus, Cels. 2, 10; Dig. 47, 2, 92: caules lactucae ab imo depurgatos eatenus, qua tenera folia videbuntur, etc., Col. 12, 9, 1; followed by qua, id. 4, 7, 2; id. Arb. 8, 2; Quint. 1, 11, 1.
    With quoad: hoc civile, quod vocant, eatenus exercuerunt, quoad populum praestare voluerunt, Cic. Leg. 1, 4, 14; id. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 3; id. Univ. 11.
    With ut, to such a degree, to that extent: verba persequens eatenus, ut ea non abhorreant a more nostro, Cic. Opt. Gen. 7 fin.; Cels. 5, 26; Col. 5, 1, 3.
    Cf. with ne, Cels. 6, 6; Suet. Tib. 33; Just. 5, 10.
  2. II. Of time, so long, hitherto (late Lat.), Capitol. Gordian. 22; Oros. 6, 1.

ĕbĕnĕus (hĕb-), a, um, adj. [hebenus, q. v.], of ebony, ebon (ante-class.), Mart. Capt. 1, § 80.

† ĕbĕnĭnus, v. hebeninus.

hĕbĕnĭnus, or ĕbĕnĭnus, a, um, adj., ἐβένινος, of ebony: tigna, Hier. Ezech. 27, 16: dentes, id. ib.

† ĕbĕnus, v. hebenus.

hĕbĕnus (less correctly ĕbĕnus, Rib. Prol. Verg. p. 421), i. f., Gr. [?E/(BENOS, E/)BENOS ?], the ebon-tree, ebony: Diospyros ebenum, Linn.; Plin. 16, 40, 76, § 204; 6, 30, 35, § 197; Verg. G. 2, 117; Ov. M. 11, 610; Pers. 5, 135; cf. Isid. Orig. 17, 7, 36.

ē-bĭbo, bi, bĭtum, 3, v. a., to drink up, drain (not in Cic. or Caes.).

  1. I. Lit.: quid comedent? quid ebibent? Ter. Heaut. 2, 3, 14; so with comedere, Plaut. Trin. 2, 1, 20; id. Ps. 5, 2, 11; hirneam vini, id. Am. 1, 1, 276: poculum, id. Curc. 2, 3, 80: ubera lactantia, Ov. M. 6, 342 et saep.: elephantos dracones, i. e. to suck their blood, Plin. 8, 12, 12, § 34; cf. sanguinem, Plaut. Curc. 1, 2, 65: cum vino simitu imperium, to drink up, forget through drinking, Plaut. Am. 2, 1, 84 (cf. in the simplex: bibere mandata, id. Pers. 2, 1, 3, v. bibo).
    Poet.: invenies illic, qui Nestoris ebibat annos, to drink the age of Nestor (i. e. to drink as many glasses as equal the years of Nestor), Ov. F. 3, 533.
    1. B. Transf., of inanimate things, to suck in, draw in, absorb: (fretum) peregrinos amnes, Ov. M. 8, 837; cf. Plin. 5, 15, 15, § 71: saniem (lana), id. 9, 38, 62.
  2. II. In gen., to waste in drink, squander, Hor. S. 2, 3, 122.
  3. III. Trop., to exhaust, remove, take away: spiritum meum, Vulg. Job, 6, 4.

ĕbiscum, i, n., = hibiscum, q. v. Scribon. 80 and 82.

† hĭbiscum (also ĕbiscum, Scrib. 80; 82; and hĭbiscus, i, f., Serv. Verg. E. 2, 30), i, n., = ὶβίσκος, the marsh-mallow, Althaea officinalis, Linn.; Plin. 20, 4, 14, § 29; 19, 5, 27, § 89; Verg. E. 10, 71: haedorumque gregem viridi compellere hibisco, i. e. with a marsh-mallow twig, id. ib. 2, 30.

(ēbīto, ĕre, false reading in Plaut. Stich. 4, 2, 28, for bitat, v. Ritschl ad h. l.)

ē-blandĭor, ītus, 4,

  1. I. v. dep. a., to obtain by flattery or coaxing (rare but class.): enitere, elabora vel potius eblandire, effice, ut, etc., Cic. Att. 16, 16 C, § 12; cf. Plin. 9, 8, 8, § 28; Liv. 27, 31: unum consulatus diem, Tac. H. 3, 37: solitudinem ruris, Col. 8, 11, 1.
  2. II. Of inanimate subjects, to foster, mature by mildness: caelo fecunditatem omnem eblandito, Plin. 16, 27, 51, § 118; cf. Vitr. 7, 5, 5; and somewhat diferently: ut eblandiatur lac igneam saevitiam, i. e. mitigate and drive it out, Col. 7, 5, 16.
    Note: Part., eblandītus, a, um, pass., obtained or caught by flattery: eblandita suffragia, Cic. Planc. 4, 10; cf. preces, Plin. Pan. 70 fin.: aures nostrae, Gell. 11, 13, 5.

Ebŏra, ae, f.

  1. I. A castle in Spain, perh. the present Ixar, Mel. 3, 1, 8; Cic. Att. 16, 4, 2: ex conjec. Turneb. (Bait. Baream).
  2. II. A municipium in Lusitania, also called Libertas Julia, now Ebora, Mel. 3, 1, 4; Plin. 4, 22, 35, § 117.

Eborācum, i, n., the capital of the Brigantes in Britain, now York, Eutr. 8, 19; Inscr. Orell. 190 al.

ĕbŏrārĭus (ebŭr-), ii, m. [ebur], a worker in ivory, Cod. Just. 10, 64, 1; Inscr. Orell, 4180; 4302.

ĕbŏrĕus, a, am, adj. [ebur], made of ivory, ivory: Juppiter, Plin. 36, 5, 4, § 40: mensae, Dig. 33, 7, 12, § 43: oppida, Quint. 6, 3, 61 Spald.

Ebŭsus or Ebŭsos, i, f., an island of the Mediterranean, on the coast of Spain, now Iviza or Yvica, Liv. 22, 20, 7; Sil. 3, 363; Mela, 2, 7, 21; Plin. 3, 5, 11, § 28; 15, 19, 21, § 82; Manil. 4, 368.
Scanned Ebūsus, Avien. Perieg. 621.
Also called Ebōsīa, ae, f., Stat. S. 1, 6, 15.
Hence, Ebusitā-nus, a, um, adj., of Ebusus, Plin. 3, 5, 11, § 76: humus, Mela, 2, 7, 22.

* ēbrĭācus, a, um, adj. [ebrius; cf. merācus, from merus], drunken: homo, Laber. ap. Non. 108, 7 (Rib. Com. v. 10) dub.

* ēbrĭāmen, ĭnis, n. [ebrio], intoxicating liquor, strong drink, Tert. de Jejun. 9.

ēbrĭĕtas, ātis, f. [ebrius],

  1. I. drunkenness, ebriety (cf.: ebriositas, crapula), * Cic. Tusc. 4, 12; Sen. Ep. 83, 16 sq.; Quint. 1, 11, 2: Plin. 14, 22, 28, § 142: in proelia trudit inermem, * Hor. Ep. 1, 5, 16; Ov. A. A. 1, 597: tumultuosa, Vulg. Prov. 20, 1 al.
    Plur., carouses, Sen. Ep. 24, 16; Col. 1 praef. § 16.
  2. II. Transf., of things: nimio liquore abundat rumpitque se pomi ipsius ebrietas, i. e. excess of juice, Plin. 13, 4, 9, § 45.

ēbrĭo, āre, 1, v. a. [ebrius], to make drunk, to intoxicate (late Lat.).

  1. I. Lit.: mulieres, Macr. S. 7, 6, § 16.
  2. II. Trop.: animas, Macr. Somn. Scip. 1, 12, 10.

* ēbrĭŏlātus, a, um, adj. [ebriolus], a little intoxicated, rather tipsy, Laber. ap. Non. 108, 6.

ēbrĭŏlus, a, um, adj. dim. [ebrius], a little intoxicated, rather tipsy, perh. only in Plaut. Curc. 2, 3, 15; 1, 3, 36.

* ēbrĭōsĭtas, ātis, f. [ebriosus], addiction to drink, sottishness, Cic. Tusc. 4, 12, 27.

ēbrĭōsus, a, um, adj. [ebrius], given to drinking, addicted to drunkenness.

  1. I. Prop.: hunc scribunt ebriosum esse, Cic. Fat. 5, 10: plurimum interesse inter ebrium et ebriosum, Sen. Ep. 83, 11.
    As subst.: ēbrĭōsus, i, m., a drunkard, sot: exempla ebriosorum, Cic. Ac. 2, 17, 53; Plin. 30, 15, 51, § 145 al.
    Comp., Cat. 27, 4.
  2. II. Transf.: acina, i. e. full of juice, juicy, Cat. 27, 4.

ēbrĭus, a, um, adj. [etym. dub.; perh. root φρήν; cf. sobrius], who has drunk enough, had his fill, corresp. with satur.

  1. I. Prop. (very rare): cum tu satura atque ebria eris, puer ut satur sit facito, Ter. Hec. 5, 2, 3 Ruhnk.; cf. saturitate, Plaut. Capt. 1, 1, 35.
    Far more freq. and class.,
    1. B. full of drink, drunk, intoxicated (cf. also: potus, ebriosus, temulentus, vinolentus): homo hic ebrius est … Tu istic, ubi bibisti? Plaut. Am. 2, 1, 25; 1, 1, 116; id. Aul. 4, 10, 19, sq. al.; Cic. Mil. 24, 65; id. Phil. 2, 41, 105; id. Div. 2, 58, 120; Sen. Ep. 83, 18 (thrice); Quint. 11, 3, 57; Prop. 4 (5), 5, 46; Hor. S. 1, 4, 51; Ov. M. 4, 26; id. F. 2, 582.
      As subst.: ebrĭus, ii, m., a drunkard, Vulg. Psa. 106, 27; id. Job, 12, 25 al. et saep.
        1. b. Poet., of inanimate things: vestigia, Prop. 1, 3, 9; cf. signa, id. 3, 3, 48 (4, 2, 48 M.): verba, Tib. 3, 6, 36: nox, Mart. 10, 47; cf. bruma, id. 13, 1 et saep.
  2. II. Trop., intoxicated, drunk, sated, filled: ebrius jam sanguine civium et tanto magis eum sitiens, Plin. 14, 22, 28, § 148: regina fortuna dulci ebria, intoxicated with good fortune, Hor. C. 1, 37, 12: dulcis pueri ebrios ocellos, i. e. intoxicated with love, Cat. 45, 11: ebria de sanguine sanctorum, Vulg. Apoc. 17, 6.
  3. III. In gen., abundantly filled, full (poet.): cena, Plaut. Cas. 3, 6, 18: lana de sanguine conchae, Mart. 14, 154; cf. id. 13, 82: lucerna, id. 10, 38.

Ebromagus, i, f., a city in the province of Gaul, now Bram, Cic. Font. 5, 9 Halm (Kayser, Cobiamachus, § 19).

ĕbŭlīnus, a, um, adj. [ebulum], of elder-wood, Plin. Val. 1, 64.

ē-bullĭo, īre, 4 (and post-class. ēbullo, āre, 1), v. n. and a.

  1. I. Neutr., to boil up, bubble up (post-class.).
    1. A. Lit.: fontium venae ebullant, Tert. de Pall. 2.
    2. B. Trop., to come forth bubbling, to appear boisterously: dum risus ebullit App. M. 2, p. 128.
      Poet.: o si Ebullit patrui praeclarum funus! i. e. utinam patruus moriatur, Pers. 2, 10 Dübner: priusquam hujus monstri idoli artifices ebullissent, Tert. Idol. 3: de Perside, to hurry confusedly away, Vulg. 2 Mac. 1, 12.
  2. II. Act. (class., but rare).
    1. A. Lit.: animam, i. e. to breathe out, give up the ghost, Sen. Apoc. 4, 2; Petr. 42, 3; 62, 10.
    2. B. To produce in abundance: et ebulliet fluvius ranas, Vulg. Exod. 8, 3; cf.: os fatuorum ebullit stultitiam, id. Prov. 15, 2.
      Trop.: virtutes, i. e. to boast of, Cic. Tusc. 3, 18, 42 Kühn; cf. id. Fin. 5, 27, 80 (and the Gr. παφλάζειν).

ēbullītĭo, ōnis, f. [ebullio], a bubbling up or out: scintillantis olei, Mythogr. Lat. 1, 231 fin.
Plur., Serv. Verg. G. 1, 110.

ĕbŭlum, i, n., and ĕbŭlus, i, m., Dane-wort, dwarf-elder: Sambucus ebulus, Linn.; Cato R. R. 37, 2; Plin. 26, 11, 73, § 119 sq.; Verg. E. 10, 27; Col. poët. 10, 10 al.

ĕbur, ŏris (cf. Quint. 1, 6, 22 sq.), n. [Copt. ebu; cf. Sanscr. ibhas, elephant; whence Gr. ἐλέφας, Semit. article el being prefixed], ivory.

  1. I. Prop., Cic. Leg. 2, 18; id. Brut. 73 fin.; id. Par. 1, 3; Quint. 2, 21, 9; Verg. G. 1, 57; id. A. 10, 137; 12, 68; Hor. C. 1, 31, 6; id. Ep. 2, 1, 96 et saep.
    Prov.: ebur atramento candefacere, v. atramentum.
  2. II. Meton.
    1. A. Things made of ivory. So of statues, Verg. G. 1, 480; Ov. M. 15, 792; of the tibia, Verg. G. 2, 193; of a scabbard, Ov. M. 4, 148; of the sella curulis, Hor. Ep. 1, 6, 54; Ov. F. 5, 51; id. Pont. 4, 5, 18.
    2. * B. An elephant, Juv. 12, 112.

ĕbŭrārĭus, v. eborarius.

ĕbŭrātus, a, um, adj. [ebur], adorned or inlaid with ivory: lecti, Plaut. Stich. 2, 2, 53: vehicula, id. Aul. 2, 1, 46: sella, Lampr. Heliog. 4 fin.

Eburīni, ōrum, m., a people of Lucania, Plin. 3, 11, 15, § 98.
Hence, Eburī-nus, a, um, adj.: juga, Sall. H. 3, 67 Dietsch; p. 222 ed. Gerl. min.

* ĕburnĕŏlus, a, um, adj. dim. [eburneus], of ivory: fistula, Cic. de Or. 3, 60, 225 (for which, in Gell. 1, 11, 16, eburnea).

ĕburnĕus, and (mostly poet.) ĕbur-nus, a, um, adj. [ebur], of ivory.

        1. (α) eburneus: signum, Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 1; Ov. M. 4, 354: lectus, Suet. Caes. 84: praesepe, id. Calig. 55: quadrigae, id. Ner. 22: tabulae, id. ib. 31 al.; so, tulit eburneos dentes mille, etc., ivory tusks, i. e. elephants’ tusks, Liv. 37, 59, 3.
        2. (β) ebur-nus: humerus, Verg. G. 3, 7: pecten, id. A. 6, 647: vagina, id. ib. 9, 305: porta, id. ib. 6, 699; Hor. C. 3, 27, 41: lyra, id. ib. 2, 11, 22: lecti, id. S. 2, 6, 103: currus, Ov. H. 15, 91: valvae, id. M. 4, 185: sceptrum, id. ib. 1, 178; 7, 103 al.: ensis, i. e. with an ivory hilt, Verg. A. 11, 11.
  1. B. Poet. transf., white as ivory.
        1. (α) eburne-us: eburnea brachia, Ov. Am. 3, 7, 7; cf. so, cervix, id. H. 20, 59: colla, id. M. 3, 422; 4, 335: terga, id. ib. 10, 592.
        2. (β) ebur-nus: digiti, Prop. 2, 1, 9.

Ebŭrŏbrittĭum (-britĭum), i, n., a town of Lusitania, Plin. 4, 21, 35, § 113.

Eburōnes, um, m., a nation of Gallia Belgica, extending from Liege to Aix-laChapelle, Caes. B. G. 2, 4; 4, 6; 5, 24 sq.; 6, 31 sq.; Oros. 6, 7.

Ebūrŏvīces, v. Aulerci.

2. Castor, ŏris (acc. to some gramm. Castōris, Quint. 1, 5, 60), m., = Κάστωρ.

  1. I. The son of the Spartan king Tyndarus and Leda, brother of Helena and Pollux, with whom, as twin star (Gemini; hence even Castores, Plin. 10, 43, 60, § 121; 35, 4, 10, § 27; 7, 22, 22, § 86; and: alter Castor, Stat. S. 4, 6, 16), he served as a guide to mariners, Varr. L. L. 5, § 58; Cic. N. D. 2, 2, 6; 3, 18, 45; Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 5; id. Epod. 17, 42; 17, 43; id. C. 4, 5, 35: gaudet equis, id. S. 2, 1, 26; cf. id. C. 1, 12, 25, and Ov. M. 12, 401: ad Castoris (sc. aedem), on the forum, Cic. Mil. 33, 91; where pecuniary affairs were transacted, id. Quint. 4, 17; cf. Juv. 14, 260.
  2. II. Derivv.
    1. A. In oaths: ecastor and mecastor [the old interj. e or the pron. acc. me, prefixed; cf.: equidem, edepol; mehercle, medius fiduis, etc., v. Corss. Ausspr. II. p. 856 sq.], by Castor, an oath in very frequent use, especially by women, though not exclusively by them, as asserted by Gell. 11, 6, 1, and Charis. p. 183 P.; cf. Plaut. As. 5, 2, 46; 5, 2, 80; id. Cas. 5, 4, 13: ecastor, re experior, quanti facias uxorem tuam, id. Am. 1, 3, 10; 1, 3, 39; id. Cist. 4, 2, 61; id. Truc. 2, 5, 28; id. Poen. 1, 2, 71; id. Stich. 1, 3, 89; id. As. 1, 3, 36; id. Truc. 2, 2, 60; id. As. 3, 1, 30; id. Stich. 1, 3, 81: ecastor vero, id. Merc. 4, 1, 25: per ecastor scitus (i. e. perscitus ecastor) puer est natus Pamphilo, Ter. And. 3, 2, 6: nec nunc mecastor quid hero ego dicam queo comminisci, Plaut. Aul, 1, 1, 28; cf. id. Merc. 4, 1, 6; id. Cas. 2, 3, 30; id. Men. 4, 2, 50; id. Mil. 1, 1, 63; cf. also id. Stich. 1, 3, 86; id. Truc. 2, 2, 36; 2, 7, 30; 3, 2, 11; 4, 4, 9; 5, 1, 26: Sy. Salve, mecastor, Parmenio. Pa. Et tu, edepol, Syra, Ter. Hec. 1, 2, 8 Don.
    2. B. Ad Castŏris or Lŏcus Ca-stŏrum, nom. propr., a place in Upper Italy, between Cremona and Bedriacum, where stood a shrine of Castor and Pollux, Suet. Oth. 9; Tac. H. 2, 24.
    3. C. Castŏrĕus, a, um, adj. of Castor: manus, Sen. Hippol. 810.
  3. III. A companion of Æneas, Verg. A. 10, 124.
  4. IV. The grandson of king Deiotarus, Cic. Deiot. 1, 2, 10; 1, 2, 28 sq.
  5. V. Castor Tarcondarius, a chieftain of Gallogrœcia, ally of Pompey, Caes. B. C. 3, 4.
  6. VI. Antonius Castor, an author on botany, Plin. 25, 17, 66, § 174; 25, 2, 5, § 9.

ēcastor, v 2. Castor.

ēcaudis, e, adj. [e-cauda], without a tail, only trop.: versus = μείουροι or σκάζοντες, Diom. p. 499 P.

† ecbăsis, is, f., = ἔκβασις, pure Lat. digressio, a digression, Serv. Verg. G. 1, 209

Ecbătăna, ōrum, n., = τὰ Ἐκβάτανα (Ecbătăna, ae. f., Lucil. ap. Non. 533, 30; Ecbătănae, ārum, f., App. de Mundo, p. 69, 18), the principal city of Media, now Hamadan, Curt. 4, 5, 8; 5, 8, 1; Plin. 6, 13, 16, § 42; Tac. A. 15, 31 al.

† ecbŏlas, ădis, f., = ἐκβολάς, a sort of Egyptian grape (so called from its promoting abortion), Plin. 14, 18, 22, § 118.

ecca, eccam, v. ecce, II. D.

ecce, adv. demonstr. [perh. from locat. form of pronom. stem i, with demonstr. ending -ce; hence, in comedy often scanned ĕce, Corss. Aussp. 2, 636, 1026 sq.
Ribbeck explains ecce as indef. form ec, as in ecquis, ecquando, etc., strengthened by demonstr. ce, Lat. Part. p. 42 sq.; and Curt. refers it to root oc- of oculus; cf. eccere, Gr. Etym. p. 457], points out an object with emphasis, lo! see! behold! (constr. class. with nom. or clause, and ante-class. also with acc.).

  1. I. In gen.: quem quaero, optime ecce obviam mihi est, behold! there comes he I was wishing for, Plaut. Bacch. 4, 4, 16: ecce autem video rure redeuntem senem, Ter. Eun. 5, 4, 45: ecce Dionaei processit Caesaris astrum, Verg. E. 9, 47: ecce trahebatur passis Priameïa virgo Crinibus, id. A. 2, 403; cf. id. ib. 6, 337; Ov. M. 2, 441 al.; sometimes in the middle of a clause: audiat haec tantum—vel qui venit ecce Palaemon, Verg. E. 3, 50; Ov. M. 2, 93: apparet adhuc vetus cicatrix, id. ib. 12, 444; Calp. Ec. 1, 4 al.
  2. II. In partic.
    1. A. To denote that something is present (cf. Fr. voici), here (in this sense mostly ellipt.): circus noster ecce adest, Plaut Fragm. ap. Varr. L. L. 5, § 153 Müll.; so with adest, Ov. M. 2, 496; 3, 101: quid me quaeris? … ecce me, here I am, Plaut. Epid. 5, 2, 15; so, ecce me, id. Curc. 1, 3, 6; id. Mil. 3, 1, 69; Ter. Ad. 5, 9, 38: ecce nos, Plaut. Mil. 3, 1, 17: ecce odium meum, id. Poen. 1, 2, 139: ecce Gripi scelera, id. Rud. 4, 4, 134: ecce tuae litterae de Varrone, Cic. Att. 13, 16: ecce hominem te, Stasime, nihili, Plaut. Trin. 4, 3, 6; and simply ecce, here I am, id. As. 1, 1, 96.
    2. B. In enumerations, or after other objects mentioned, to introduce a new one with emphasis (Ciceronian): consecuti sunt hos Critias, Theramenes, Lysias, etc. … ecce tibi exortus est Isocrates, Cic de Or. 2, 22 fin.; id. Or. 16 fin.; id. de Or. 3, 3, 31; so ellipt., id. Div. 2, 70, 144; id. Ac. 2, 43, 134; id. Pis. 21.
    3. C. To introduce something unexpected or strange; hence, sometimes connected with subito, repente, de improviso, etc.: ecce Apollo mihi ex oraculo imperat, Ut, etc., Plaut. Men. 5, 2, 87; Cic. Sest. 41, 89; id. de Or. 2, 22, 94: et ecce de improviso ad nos accedit cana veritas, Varr. ap. Non. 243, 1; cf. Sall. J. 14, 11: discubitum noctu ut imus, ecce ad me advenit mulier, Plaut. Merc. 1, 1, 99; so with a preceding cum, Cic. Caecin. 7, 20; with dum: haec dum agit, ecce, etc., Hor. S. 1, 9, 60; with ubi, Verg. A. 3, 219.
      Ellipt.: ecce postridie Cassio litterae Capua a Lucretio, Cic. Att. 7, 24; id. Q. Fr. 1, 2, 2, § 6; id. Ac. 2, 38; with subito, id. Att. 8, 8; 10, 3; cf.: ecce autem repente, id. Verr. 2, 5, 34; and with a preceding cum, id. Att. 2, 8; Liv. 2, 36 fin.
      For the expression ecce autem, v. autem.
    4. D. In conversat. lang., combined with the pronouns is, ille, and iste, into one word standing for either the simple ecce, or the pronoun itself, but with demonstrative force, in the foll. forms: nom., ecca, Plaut. Men. 1, 2, 66; id. Rud. 4, 4, 130; Ter. Eun. 1, 1, 34: eccilla, Plaut. Stich. 4, 1, 30: eccillud, id. Rud. 2, 7, 18: acc. sing., eccum, Plaut. Am. prol. 120; 1, 2, 35; 3, 4, 22 et saep.; Ter. And. 3, 2, 52; 3, 3, 48 et saep.; Titin. ap. Charis. p. 177 P.: eccam, Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 146; id. As. 1, 2, 25; id. Cas. 2, 1, 15 et saep.; Ter. Eun. 4, 5, 12; id. Hec. 4, 1, 8: eccillum, Plaut. Merc. 2, 3, 98; id. Pers. 2, 2, 65; id. Trin. 3, 1, 21; and syncopated ellum, Ter. And. 5, 2, 14; id. Ad. 2, 3, 7; Plaut. Curc. 2, 2, 28: eccillam, and sync. ellam, Ter. Ad. 3, 3, 35; Plaut. Aul. 4, 10, 51; id. Mil. 3, 1, 194; eccistam, Plaut. Curc. 5, 2, 17: plur., eccos, id. Bacch. 3, 2, 19; id. Most. 1, 3, 154; id. Mil. 4, 7, 27; 5, 35; id. Rud. 2, 2, 4; Ter. Heaut. 2, 3, 15; Afran. ap. Charis. p. 95 P.: eccas, id. Rud. 3, 2, 49: ecca, Plaut. Rud. 4, 4, 110.
      On the construction of eccum, etc., cf. Brix ad Plaut. Capt. 1002, p. 72; and on ecce see Hand, Turs. II. pp. 343-351.

† eccentros, i, adj., = ἔκκεντρος, out of the centre, eccentric: terra, Mart. Cap. 8, § 849 al.

eccĕre or ĕcĕre, interj. [ecce and abl. of res, see there in fact! lo in truth! Corss. Aussp. 2, 858, 1028; cf. Ribbeck, Partik., p. 43 sq.; not from Ceres, but cf. Ussing ad Plaut. Am. 550], an exclamation of surprise, like Engl. there! (emphatic, only in the foll. passages): Plaut. Am. 2, 1, 4; id. Casin. 2, 6, 34; id. Men. 2, 3, 50; id. Trin. 2, 2, 105; id. Pers. 2, 4, 29; Ter. Ph. 2, 2, 5 (but in Plaut. Mil. 2, 2, 52: ecce autem, Fleck. Lorenz).

† eccheuma, ătis, n., = ἔκχευμα, a pouring out, Plaut. Poen. 3, 3, 88.

eccillam, eccillum, eccistam, v. ecce, II. D.

† ecclēsĭa (ēcclĕsĭa, Sedul. 5, 358; Venant. Carm. 3, 6, 24; and ĕclĕsĭa, Paul. Nol. Carm. 15, 117; 28, 32), ae, f., = ἐκκλησία, an assembly of the (Greek) people.

  1. I. Prop.: et ecclesia consentiente, senate and people, in the free cities of Greece: bule et ecclesia, Plin. et Traj. Ep. 111, 1.
  2. II. Transf.
    1. A. In eccl. Lat.
      1. 1. A religious assembly of Christians, a Christian congregation, a church (eccl. Lat.; very freq.): die ecclesiae, etc., Vulg. Matt. 18, 17; id. Philem. 2; Aug. Ep. 190, 5, 19.
      2. 2. The Church, the whole body of believers: Christus dilexit ecclesiam, Vulg. Eph. 5, 25: Dei, id. Phil. 3, 6; Aug. Serm. 137, 6; so, in coelo, Vulg. Heb. 12, 23.
      3. 3. A Christian place of assembly, a church: ut nomine ecclesiae, id est populi qui continetur, significamus locum qui continet, Aug. Ep. 190, 5, 19; cf. also Amm. 21, 2 fin.; id. 28, 6 fin.
    2. B. An assembly, a meeting in gen., Aus. Ep. 24, 93.

† Ecclēsĭastes, ae, m., = ἐκκλησιαστής, the Preacher.

  1. I. Lit.: filius David, i. e. Solomon, Vulg. Eccl. 1, 1.
  2. II. Transf.: Ecclesiastes, a book of the Old Testament, Tert. Monog. 3; Isid. Orig. 6, 2, 19.

† ecclēsĭastĭcus, a, um, adj., = ἐκκλησιαστικός, of or belonging to the Church, ecclesiastical.

  1. I. Adj.: pax, Tert. Pudic. 22.
  2. II. Subst.: ecclesiasticus, i, m.
    1. A. A church officer, Cod. Th. 1, 3, 22.
    2. B. The name of the Book of Sirach, Isid. Orig. 6, 2, 31.

† ecclēsĭecdĭcus, i, m., = ἐκκλησιεκδικός, a church proctor, Cod. Th. 1, 5, 34, 5.

ecclēsĭŏla, ae, f. dim. [ecclesia], a small church, Alcim. Ep. 39, 71 al.

eccum, eccos, v. ecce, II. D.

† ecdĭcus, i, m., = ἐκδικός, i. q. cognitor or defensor civitatis, a syndic, solicitor of a community (esp. in Asia Minor), Cic. Fam. 13, 56, 1 and 3; Plin. Ep. 10, 111, 1.

ĕcĕre, v. eccere.

Ecĕtra, ae, f., = Ἐχέτρα, a city of the Volsci, Liv. 4, 61, 4; 6, 31. Its inhabitants are Ecĕtrāni, ōrum, m., = Ἐχέτρανοι, Liv. 2, 25; 3, 4, 2 sq.

ef-fĭcĭo (ecfacio), fēci, fectum, 3 (perf. subj. effexis, Plaut. As. 3, 5, 63; id. Poen. 1, 3, 19; inf. pass. ecfiĕri, id. Pers. 5, 1, 9; Lucr. 6, 761), v. a., to make out, work out; hence, to bring to pass, to effect, execute, complete, accomplish, make, form (very freq. in all periods and sorts of writing).

  1. I. In gen.
          1. (α) With acc.: male quod mulier facere incepit, nisi id ecficere perpetrat, Plaut. Truc. 2, 5, 12 sq.; cf. id. Pers. 5, 1, 9; Caes. B. C. 1, 36 fin.; 1, 61, 2: magna facinora, Plaut. Ps. 2, 1, 16; so, facinora, Cic. Phil. 2, 42, 109; cf. opus, id. ib. 4, 1, 6; Plaut. Truc. 5, 17; Caes. B. G. 4, 18, 1; 7, 35, 4 et saep.: pontem, id. ib. 6, 6, 1; id. B. C. 1, 40, 1; 1, 62 fin.: ligneas turres, tormenta, id. ib. 3, 9, 3; 3, 39 fin.: castella, id. ib. 3, 44, 3: panes ex hoc (genere radicis), id. ib. 3, 48, 3: sphaeram (Archimedes), Cic. Rep. 1, 17: columnam, id. Verr. 2, 1, 56 et saep.: Mosa insulam efficit Batavorum, Caes. B. G. 4, 10, 2; id. ib. § 4; id. B. C. 3, 40, 4; cf.: portum (insula), id. ib. 3, 112, 2; Verg. A. 1, 160: magnum numerum cratium, scalarum, etc., Caes. B. G. 7, 81, 1: aliquid dignum dono deorum, Cic. Rep. 3, 3; cf. id. de Or. 1, 26, 120: civitatem, id. Rep. 2, 30; cf. id. ib. 3, 32: varios concentus, septem sonos, id. ib. 6, 18: magnas rerum commutationes, Caes. B. C. 3, 68, 1: tantos progressus, Cic. Brut. 78, 272: clamores et admirationes in bonis oratoribus, id. de Or. 1, 33, 152; id. Q. Fr. 3, 1, 3 et saep.: XIII. cohortes, Caes. B. C. 1, 15, 5; cf.: delectu habito duas legiones, id. ib. 1, 31, 2: unam ex duabus (legionibus), id. ib. 3, 89, 1: ad duo milia ferme boum, Liv. 22, 16 et saep.: lepide meum officium, Plaut. Truc. 4, 2, 1 sq.; cf.: nostra munia, id. Stich. 5, 4, 13: munus, Cic. Rep. 1, 46 fin.; id. Leg. 1, 5, 16: nuptias alicui, Ter. And. 3, 4, 16: aurum alicui, Plaut. Bacch. 2, 2, 55; cf. id. Poen. 1, 1, 57; Ter. Heaut. 3, 3, 23: hanc mulierem tibi, Plaut. Ps. 1, 1, 110 et saep.: quod a Curione effeceram, had procured, obtained, Cic. Att. 10, 10: amor mores hominum moros et morosos ecficit, Plaut. Trin. 3, 2, 43.
            With two accs.: fortuna eos efficit caecos, quos complexa est, Cic. Lael. 15, 54; id. Off. 1, 1, 2; id. Rep. 2, 42; Caes. B. G. 3, 24 fin. et saep.; cf.: hunc (montem) murus circumdatus arcem efficit, id. ib. 1, 38, 6: aliquem consulem, Cic. Lael. 20, 73: aliquem dictatorem, id. Att. 15, 21; cf. also: quae res immani corporum magnitudine homines efficit, Caes. B. G. 4, 1, 9; and: id (genus radicis) ad similitudinem panis efficiebant, id. B. C. 3, 48, 1.
          2. (β) With ut: eniti et efficere, ut, etc., Cic. Lael. 16, 59; id. Rep. 1, 20; 3, 31; Caes. B. G. 2, 5, 5; 2, 17, 4 et saep.; cf.: hoc si efficiam plane, ut, etc., Plaut. Mil. 3, 3, 62: si id efficere non posset, ut, etc., Caes. B. G. 5, 50, 3: neque polliceor me effecturum, ut, etc., Cic. Rep. 1, 24 fin.
            Ellips. of ut:             effice, di coëamus in unum, Ov. F. 3, 683.
          3. (γ) With ne (rare): efficio ne cui molesti sint publicani, Cic. Att. 6, 1, 16: qui efficiant, ne quid inter privatum et magistratum differat, id. Rep. 1, 43, 67; id. Fin. 4, 4, 10; Liv. 8, 7, 6: efficiam, posthac ne quemquam voce lacessas, Verg. E. 3, 51; Dig. 3, 3, 78; cf.: aliquem or aliquid, ne, etc., ib. 19, 2, 35; Quint. 3, 6, 102; 8, 3, 20.
          4. (δ) With quominus (very seldom), Lucr. 1, 977; Quint. 11, 1, 48; Dig. 49, 14, 29; so with quo magis: saevitia collegae quo is magis ingenio suo gauderet effecit, Liv. 2, 60, 1.
            (ε) With obj. acc. and inf. (very rare, and not ante-Aug.): vehementer efficit ea coire, etc., Vitr. 2, 6; Dig. 38, 2, 14, § 8; 47, 11, 10.
            (ζ) Absol. (freq. and class.): si effecero, Dabin’ mihi argentum? Plaut. Ps. 1, 5, 121; cf. id. ib. 4, 1, 39 sq.; 4, 8, 5; id. Pers. 1, 3, 87; Caes. B. G. 7, 26, 2 et saep.: se a scientiae delectatione ad efficiendi utilitatem referre, Cic. Rep. 5, 3.
  2. II. In partic.
    1. A. In econom. lang., to produce, bear, yield: (ager Leontinus) plurimum efficit, Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 63 fin.; cf.: ager efficit cum octavo, cum decumo, id. ib. 2, 3, 47: si (vineae) centenos sestertios in singula jugera efficiant, Col. 3, 3, 3: cum matres binae ternos haedos efficiunt, id. 7, 6, 7.
      Transf. to persons: liciti sunt usque eo, quoad se efficere posse arbitrabantur, i. e. to make a profit, Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 33 fin.
    2. B. Of numbers, to make out, yield, amount to a certain sum: ea (tributa) vix, in fenus Pompeii quod satis sit, efficiunt, Cic. Att. 6, 1, 3 (cf. shortly before: nec id satis efficit [al. efficitur] in usuram menstruam), Plin. 6, 33, 38, § 206; cf. ib. § 209; Col. 5, 2, 6; 8 sq.
    3. C. In philos. lang., to make out, show, prove (with acc. and inf., ut, ne, or absol.): quod proposuit efficit, Cic. Par. prooem. § 2: in quibus (libris) vult efficere animos esse mortales, id. Tusc. 1, 31 fin.
      In the pass. impers.: efficitur, it follows (from something): ita efficitur, ut omne corpus mortale sit, id. N. D. 3, 12, 30: ex quo efficitur, hominem naturae obedientem homini nocere non posse, id. Tusc. 3, 5, 25; cf.: ex quo illud efficitur, ne justos quidem esse natura, id. Rep. 3, 11: quid igitur efficitur? what follows from that? id. ib. 3, 12.
      Hence,
      1. 1. effĭcĭens, entis, P. a.
    1. A. Adj., effecting, effective, efficient.
      In philos. lang.: proximus est locus rerum efficientium, quae causae appellantur: deinde rerum effectarum ab efficientibus causis, Cic. Top. 14 fin.; cf. id. Ac. 1, 6, 24; id. Fin. 3, 16, 55; id. Div. 1, 55, 125; id. Fat. 14, 33; Quint. 5, 10, 86.
    2. B. Subst., with gen.: virtus efficiens utilitatis, the producer = effectrix, Cic. Off. 3, 3, 12; so, voluptatis (virtus), id. ib. 3, 33; cf.: ea, quae sunt luxuriosis efficientia voluptatum, id. Fin. 2, 7, 21; and: (causae) efficientes pulcherrimarum rerum, id. Univ. 14 fin.
      * Adv.: effĭcĭenter, efficiently (for which in the post-Aug. per., efficaciter): ut id ei causa sit, quod cuique efficienter antecedat, Cic. Fat. 15, 34.
      1. 2. effectus, a, um, P. a., worked out, i. e.
    1. A. Effected, completed: una (materia) diligenter effecta plus proderit quam plures inchoatae et quasi degustatae, Quint. 10, 5, 23; cf. id. 5, 13, 34; 8, 3, 88.
      In the comp.: aliquid nitidius atque effectius, Quint. 12, 10, 45.
    2. B. Effected, in philos. lang. (opp. causa efficiens), Cic. Top. 18; cf. res, id. ib. 4; 14 fin.; and subst.: effectum, i, n., an effect, id. ib. 3; Quint. 6, 3, 66; 5, 10, 94.
      Adv.: effecte.
        1. a. Effectively, in fact, Mart. 2, 27, 3; Amm. 16, 5, 7.
        2. b. Effectually, efficaciously: effectius, App. Flor. 16, p. 357.
          Sup. does not occur.

ef-farcĭo and -fercio (ec-f-), no perf., fertus, 4, v. a., to stuff, cram, fill out (very rare): intervalla grandibus saxis, * Caes. B. G. 7, 23, 2: bibite, este, ecfercite vos, Plaut. Most. 1, 1, 62.
Hence, effer-tus, a, um, P. a., filled out, full, ample: fame effertus, Plaut. Capt. 3, 1, 6: hereditas effertissima, id. ib. 4, 1, 8; cf. id. As. 2, 2, 16.

ecfātus, ecfĕro, etc., v. eff-.

effĕrĭtas (ecf-), ātis, f. [efferus], an excessively wild state, wildness, degeneracy (opp. mansuetudo), Cic. Sest. 42, 91: quas (terras) peragrans undique omnem ecferitatem expuli, id. Tusc. Poet. 2, 8, 20 fin. (al. feritatem); Lact. Mort. Pers. 9, 2.

1. ef-fĕro or ecfĕro (cf. Neue, Formenl. 2, 766), extŭli, ēlatum, efferre or ecferre, v. a., to bring or carry out, to bring forth (very freq. and class.).

  1. I. Lit.
    1. A. In gen.: ex navi, Plaut. Am. 2, 1, 82; cf. tela, etc., ex aedibus Cethegi, Cic. Cat. 3, 3 fin.: argentum jubeo jam intus efferri foras, Plaut. Bacch. 1, 1, 62; cf. id. ib. 4, 9, 127; id. Most. 2, 1, 58; id. Mil. 4, 8, 4: argentum ad aliquem, id. Epid. 5, 1, 27; id. Truc. 3, 1, 16: machaeram huc, id. Mil. 2, 5, 53; cf. id. Stich. 2, 2, 28: puerum extra aedes usquam, Ter. Hec. 4, 1, 48: cistellam domo, id. Eun. 4, 6, 15; cf.: cibaria sibi quemque domo, Caes. B. G. 1, 5, 3: frumentum ab Ilerda, id. B. C. 1, 78, 1: piscem de custodia, Col. 8, 17 fin.: litteras, Caes. B. G. 5, 45, 4: mucronem, Cic. Cat. 2, 1, 2; cf.: vexilla, signa, arma (e castris, extra fines, etc.), Liv. 10, 19; 27, 2; 29, 21; Tac. H. 3, 31 al.: ferrum a latere deripuit, elatumque deferebat in pectus, id. A. 1, 35 fin.: Colchis pedem, Enn. ap. Non. 297, 20; so, pedem, Verg. A. 2, 657; cf. pedem aedibus, Plaut. Bacch. 3, 3, 19: pedem portā, Cic. Att. 6, 8, 5; 7, 2, 6; Suet. Tib. 38: pedem quoquam, Plaut. Capt. 2, 3, 97: se hinc (ignis), Lucr. 6, 89 and 385: se vallo (equus), Tac. A. 15, 7: Furium longius extulit cursus, Liv. 3, 5; cf.: Messium impetus per hostes extulit, id. 4, 29.
    2. B. In partic.
      1. 1. Like the Gr. ἐκφέρω, to carry out (of the house) for burial, to bear to the grave, to bury (cf.: cremo, humo, sepelio, prosequor): optumum’st Loces illum efferendum; nam jam credo mortuus est, Plaut. Aul. 3, 6, 32; id. Most. 4, 3, 8 sqq.; Ter. And. 1, 1, 90 Don. and Ruhnk.; 1, 1, 101; Cic. N. D. 3, 32, 80; Nep. Att. 17; Liv. 2, 33; 3, 18 fin.; Quint. 8, 5, 21; Suet. Aug. 99; Hor. S. 2, 5, 85; Vulg. Luc. 7, 12.
        1. b. Transf.: meo unius funere elata populi Romani esset res publica, carried to burial, i. e. overthrown, destroyed, Liv. 28, 28; 24, 22; 31, 29.
      2. 2. Of a fruit-bearing soil, to bring forth, bear, produce: id, quod agri efferant, Cic. Rep. 2, 4 fin.; id. Brut. 4, 16; cf. also id. Verr. 2, 3, 47 fin.; 86 al.
        1. b. Transf.: ea, quae efferant aliquid ex sese, perfectiores habere naturas quam, etc., Cic. N. D. 2, 33 fin.; cf. Quint. 10, 1, 109; poet.: (Italia) genus acre virum, Verg. G. 2, 169.
      3. 3. Of motion in an upward direction (cf.: erigo and educo, II. B. 1.), to lift up, elevate, raise, exalt, Lucil. ap. Non. 297, 25: aliquem in murum, Caes. B. G. 7, 47 fin.: pars operis in altitudinem turris elata, id. B. C. 2, 8 fin.; cf. Quint. 11, 3, 103; and Suet. Calig. 32: corvus e conspectu elatus, Liv. 7, 26: pulvis elatus, id. 4, 33: elata super capita scuta, Tac. H. 3, 27: jubar (luna), Petron. Poët. 89, 2, 54; poet.: caput Auctumnus agris extulit, Hor. Epod. 2, 18.
  2. II. Trop.
    1. A. To set forth, spread abroad, utter, publish, proclaim: clamorem, to raise, Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 73: quod neque in vulgum disciplinam efferri velint, neque, etc., Caes. B. G. 6, 14, 4; cf. Plin. 2, 12, 9: vocem ejus in vulgus, Tac. A. 12, 21: tuum peccatum foras, Ter. Phorm. 5, 7, 65 Ruhnk.: hoc foras, Cic. Phil. 10, 3; so, clandestina consilia, Caes. B. G. 7, 1, 6: rem, id. ib. 7, 2, 2: has meas ineptias, Cic. de Or. 1, 24, 111: divinitus dicta, id. ib. 3, 1 fin. et saep.
      With a rel. clause: posteaquam in volgus militum elatum est, qua arrogantia in colloquio Ariovistus usus, etc., Caes. B. G. 1, 46, 4.
      1. 2. In partic., of speech, to utter, pronounce, express, declare: verbum de verbo expressum extulit, Ter. Ad. prol. 11: ut verba inter se ra tione conjuncta sententiam efferant, Varr. L. L. 8, § 1 Müll.: si graves sententiae inconditis verbis efferuntur, Cic. Or. 44, 150; cf. Quint. 9, 4, 13: quae incisim aut membratim efferuntur, ea, etc., Cic. Or. 67; cf. Quint. 9, 4, 33; 8, 3, 40; 10, 2, 17: pleraque utroque modo efferuntur, luxuriatur, luxuriat, etc., id. 9, 3, 7; cf. id. 1, 5, 16; 64; 2, 14, 2.
    2. B. In the pass., qs. to be carried out of one’s self by passions, feelings, etc.; to be carried away, transported, hurried away: usque adeo studio atque odio illius efferor ira, Lucil. ap. Cic. Tusc. 4, 21 fin.; so, studio, Cic. de Sen. 23, 83; id. Att. 1, 8, 2; id. N. D. 1, 20 fin.; Caes. B. C. 1, 45, 2; cf. cupiditate, Cic. Div. 1, 24, 49: vi naturae atque ingenii, id. Mur. 31, 65: laetitia, id. Deiot. 9, 26 (cf. act.: comitia ista praeclara, quae me laetitia extulerunt, id. Fam. 2, 10): incredibili gaudio, id. Fam. 10, 12, 2; cf. id. Rep. 3, 30; Suet. Caes. 22: voluptate canendi ac saltandi, id. Calig. 54: popularitate, id. Ner. 53.
    3. C. (Acc. to I. B. 3.) To raise, elevate, exalt: pretia alicujus rei, Varr. R. R. 3, 6 fin.: quorum animi altius se extulerunt, Cic. Rep. 3, 3: aliquem ad summum imperium per omnes honorum gradus, id. Cat. 1, 11, 28; cf.: aliquem supra leges, Tac. A. 2, 34; and: aliquem geminatis consulatibus, id. ib. 1, 3; cf. also id. ib. 4, 40: aliquem pecunia aut honore, Sall. J. 49, 4: patriam demersam extuli, Cic. Sull. 31, 87; cf. Nep. Dion. 6; Cic. Prov. Cons. 14, 34: aliquem maximis laudibus, id. Off. 2, 10, 36; cf. Caes. B. C. 3, 87: aliquem summis laudibus ad caelum, Cic. Fam. 9, 14; cf. Nep. Dion. 7 fin.: aliquid maximis laudibus, Cic. Lael. 7, 24: aliquem laudibus, Tac. A. 3, 72: aliquem verbis, Cic. de Or. 3, 14, 52: aliquid versibus, id. Rep. 1, 14; and simply aliquid, id. Verr. 2, 4, 56; Tac. A. 2, 63: aliquem in summum odium, id. H. 4, 42; cf.: rem in summam invidiam, Quint. 8, 4, 19.
      1. 2. In partic., with se, to raise, elevate one’s self; to rise, advance (cf.: appareo, eluceo, exsisto): cum (virtus) se extulit et ostendit suum lumen, Cic. Lael. 27; cf. so with a figure borrowed from the heavenly bodies: qua in urbe (Athenis) primum se orator extulit, id. Brut. 7, 26: volo se efferat in adolescente fecunditas, id. de Or. 2, 21.
        1. b. In a bad sense, with se, or in the pass., to lift up one’s self, to carry one’s self high; to be puffed up, haughty, proud on account of any thing (the figure being borrowed from a prancing horse; cf. Liv. 30, 20; and Quint. 10, 3, 10): nec cohibendo efferentem se fortunam, quanto altius elatus erat, eo foedius corruit (Atilius), Liv. 30, 30: quod aut cupias ardenter aut adeptus ecferas te insolenter, Cic. Tusc. 4, 17, 39: qui enim victoria se ecferunt, quasi victos nos intuentur, id. Fam. 9, 2, 2; cf.: se altius et incivilius, Flor. 1, 26, 8: sese audacia, scelere atque superbia, Sall. J. 14, 11: hic me magnifice effero, Ter. Heaut. 4, 3, 31: (fortunati) efferuntur fere fastidio et contumacia, Cic. Lael. 15, 54: se efferre in potestate, to be insolent in office, id. de Or. 2, 84, 342.
          Esp. freq. in the part. perf.: stulta ac barbara arrogantia elati, Caes. B. C. 3, 59, 3: recenti victoria, id. B. G. 5, 47, 4: spe celeris victoriae, id. ib. 7, 47, 3: gloria, id. B. C. 3, 79, 6: elatus et inflatus his rebus, Cic. Agr. 2, 35, 97: secunda fortuna magnisque opibus, Nep. Alcib. 7, 3; id. Milt. 7, 2: elatus ad vanam fiduciam, Curt. 3, 19, 10; but also: ad justam fiduciam, Liv. 27, 8, 7 et saep.
          In the act. (rare, and with a fig. perh. borrowed from the wind): is demum vir erit, cujus animum nec prospera (fortuna) flatu suo efferet (elates, inflates), nec adversa infringet, Liv. 45, 8 fin.
    4. D. Ante-class. and very rare, to carry out to the end, to support, endure: laborem, Att. ap. Cic. Sest. 48; cf.: malum patiendo, to get rid of, do away with, Cic. Poët. Tusc. 4, 29, 63 (but not in Lucr. 1, 141, where the better reading is sufferre).
      Hence, ēlā-tus, a, um, P. a. (acc. to I. B. 3. and II. C. 2.), exalted, lofty, high (rare; cf.: superbus, insolens, arrogans, etc.).
    1. A. Lit.: modo in elatiora modo in depressiora clivi, Col. 2, 4, 10: elatissimae lucernae, Tert. Apol. 53.
    2. B. Trop.: animus magnus elatusque, Cic. Off. 1, 18, 61; id. Tusc. 1, 40, 96: verba, high-sounding, id. Or. 36, 124; hoc casu elatior Julianus, Amm. 21, 4, 7; Vulg. Rom. 1, 30: insula opibus, Nep. Milt. 7, 2.
      Adv.: ēlāte, loftily, proudly: elate et ample loqui, opp. humiliter demisseque sentire, Cic. Tusc. 5, 9: dicere (opp. summisse), id. Opt. Gen. 4, 10.
      Comp.: se gerere, Nep. Paus. 2, 3: elatius et arrogantius praefatur, Gell. 9, 15, 4.

ef-fŏdĭo, also exf- and ecf- (cf. Neue, Formenl. 2, 767, 769), fōdi, fossum, 3 (inf. pass.: ecfodiri, Plaut. Mil. 2, 3, 44; 2, 4, 21), v. a., to dig out, dig up (class.): nec ferrum, aes, argentum, aurum effoderetur, Cic. Off. 2, 3 fin.: carbones e sepulcris, Plin. 35, 6, 25, § 41: lapides puteis, id. 36, 22, 45, § 161: aulam auri plenam, Plaut. Aul. 4, 8, 9; cf. thensaurum, id. Trin. 3, 3, 53; 4, 4, 8: opes, Ov. M. 1, 140; and facetiously: ex hoc sepulcro vetere (i. e. ex sene avaro) viginti minas Ecfodiam ego hodie, Plaut. Ps. 1, 4, 20: signum, Liv. 22, 3 fin.: saxum medio de limite, Juv. 16, 38 et saep,: spoliatis effossisque eorum domibus, ransacked, Caes. B. C. 3, 42 fin.; cf.: terram altius, Quint. 10, 3, 2: humum rastello, Suet. Ner. 19: montem, id. Claud. 25: tellurem, Petr. poët. 128, 6, 2: lacum, Suet. Dom. 4; cf. cavernas, i. e. to make by digging, id. Ner. 48: sepulcra, Verg. G. 1, 497 et saep.
In the voc. part. pass.: ex sterquilinio effosse, thou dug from a dung-hill! Plaut. Cas. 1, 26.
Esp. freq.: ecfodere oculos or oculum (alicui), to scratch out, tear out, Plaut. Aul. 1, 1, 14; id. Curc. 3, 26; id. Men. 1, 2, 46; id. Mil. 2, 3, 44; id. Trin. 2, 4, 62; * Ter. Eun. 4, 6, 2; Caes. B. G. 7, 4 fin.; Cic. Rep. 3, 17; Suet. Dom. 17; Vulg. 4 Reg. 25, 7 et saep.; cf. lumen, Verg. A. 3, 663; and transf.: hi duo illos oculos orae maritimae effoderunt, Cic. N. D. 3, 38, 91: effossum alterum Romani imperii lumen, Vell. 2, 52, 3.
So, too, vesicam, Plaut. Cas. 2, 8, 22; and poet.: viscera, i. e. to cause abortion, Ov. Am. 2, 14, 27.

ef-frēno or ecfr-, no perf., ātum, 1, v. a., to unbridle, let loose (very rare).
Poet. transf.: Vulturnum Effrenat, Sil. 9, 496.
Far more freq., effrēnātus, a, um, P. a.

  1. I. Unbridled, without a rein: equi, Liv. 40, 40, 5: equi velut effrenati passim incerto cursu feruntur, id. 37, 41, 10.
  2. II. Transf., ungoverned, unrestrained, unruly (a favorite word of Cicero): homines secundis rebus effrenatos tamquam in gyrum rationis duci oportere, Cic. Off. 1, 26, 90: populi soluti effrenatique, id. Rep. 1, 34; cf.: libido effrenata et indomita, id. Clu. 6; id. Verr. 2, 1, 24: cupiditas effrenata ac furiosa, id. Cat. 1, 10; and: mens effrenata atque praeceps, id. Cael. 15, 35; so, libertas, Liv. 34, 49 et saep.: insolentiă multitudo, Cic. Rep. 1, 42 fin.; cf. id. Tusc. 3, 5, 11: ferocia, id. ib. 5, 8: violentia, id. Phil. 12, 11: petulantia, Plin. Ep. 4, 25 fin.: mente, Vulg. 2 Macc. 13, 9 et saep.
    Comp.: vox (with libera), Cic. de Or. 3, 53 fin.: libido (Appii), Liv. 3, 50: iracundia, Quint. 9, 2, 3.
    Sup.: affectus, Sen. Ep. 88.
    Adv.: ef-frēnāte, unrestrainedly, violently, Cic. de Sen. 12, 39.
    Comp., id. Phil. 14, 9, 26.
    Sup. appears not to occur.

ef-fundo (or ecf-), fūdi, fūsum, 3, v. a., to pour out, pour forth, shed, spread abroad (class.; esp. freq. in the transf. and trop. signif.).

  1. I. Lit.: vinum in barathrum (i. e. ventrem), Plaut. Curc. 1, 2, 28; cf. Cic. Pis. 10: aquam oblatam in galea, Front. Strat. 1, 7, 7: humorem, Cels. 7, 15: lacrimas, Lucr. 1, 126; Cic. Planc. 42, 101: imbrem (procella), Curt. 8, 13: se in oceanum (Ganges), Plin. 2, 108, 112, § 243: Sangarius flumen in Propontidem se effundit, Liv. 38, 18, 18; cf. pass. in mid. force: mare neque redundat umquam neque effunditur, Cic. N. D. 2, 45, 116; v. also under P. a.
    1. B. Transf., of non-liquid bodies.
      1. 1. In gen., to pour out, pour forth, drive out, cast out, send out (mostly poet. and in postAug. prose; a favorite word of Vergil): saccos nummorum, Hor. S. 2, 3, 149: frumentum in flumen, Dig. 9, 2, 27, § 19: ei oculus effunditur, is knocked out, put out, ib. 19, 2, 13, § 4: tela, i. e. to shoot in great numbers, Verg. A. 9, 509; Liv. 27, 18: auxilium castris apertis, to send forth, Verg. A. 7, 522: equus consulem lapsum super caput effudit, threw, Liv. 22, 3, 11; so id. 10, 11; 27, 32; Plin. 8, 42, 65, § 160; Curt. 8, 14, 34; Verg. A. 10, 574; 893; cf. Val. Fl. 8, 358: (quae via) Excutiat Teucros vallo atque effundat in aequum, Verg. A. 9, 68: sub altis portis, id. ib. 11, 485; cf.: aliquem solo, id. ib. 12, 532: caput in gremium, Cels. 7, 7, 4.
        Poet.: carmina molli numero fluere, ut per leve severos Effundat junctura ungues, i. e. lets it slip over smoothly, Pers. 1, 65.
      2. 2. In partic.
        1. a. With se, or mid. of persons, to pour out in a multitude, to rush out, spread abroad (a favorite expression with the historians): omnis sese multitudo ad cognoscendum effudit (sc. ex urbe), Caes. B. C. 2, 7, 3; so, se, id. ib. 2, 7, 3; Liv. 26, 19; 34, 8; 33, 12, 10; 35, 39, 5; Val. Max. 7, 6, 6; Vell. 2, 112, 4; Suet. Calig. 4 fin.; id. Caes. 44 et saep. (but not in Caes. B. G. 5, 19, 2, where the better reading is: se ejecerat, v. Schneider ad h. l.): omnibus portis effunduntur, Liv. 38, 6; so mid., Tac. A. 1, 23; Liv. 40, 40, 10; and esp. freq. in the part. effusus, Sall. J. 55, 4; 69, 2; Liv. 1, 14; 9, 31; Tac. A. 4, 25 fin.; 12, 31; 15, 23; Verg. A. 6, 305 et saep.
          Ellips. of se: ubi se arctat (mare) Hellespontus vocatur; Propontis, ubi expandit; ubi iterum pressit, Thracius Bosporus; ubi iterum effundit, Pontus Euxinus, spreads out, widens, Mel. 1, 1, 5.
        2. b. With the accessory notion of producing, to bring forth, produce abundantly: non solum fruges verum herbas etiam effundunt, Cic. Or. 15, 48; cf.: fruges (auctumnus), Hor. C. 4, 7, 11: copiam, Cic. Brut. 9, 36.
        3. c. Of property, to pour out, i. e. to lavish, squander, waste, run through: patrimonium per luxuriam effundere atque consumere, Cic. Rosc. Am. 2, 6; so, patrimonium, id. Phil. 3, 2: aerarium, id. Agr. 1, 5, 15; id. Tusc. 3, 20, 48: sumptus, id. Rosc. Am. 24, 68: opes, Plin. 7, 25, 26, § 94: omnes fortunas, Tac. A. 14, 31: reditus publicos non in classem exercitusque, sed in dies festos, Just. 6, 9, 3; and absol.: effundite, emite, etc., Ter. Ad. 5, 9, 34.
  2. II. Trop.
    1. A. In gen.: effudi vobis omnia, quae sentiebam, i. e. have freely imparted, Cic. de Or. 1, 34 fin.; cf. id. Att. 16, 7, 5; id. Fl. 17, 41; Quint. 2, 2, 10; 10, 3, 17; Val. Fl. 7, 434: procellam eloquentiae, Quint. 11, 3, 158: totos affectus, id. 4, 1, 28: tales voces, Verg. A. 5, 723: questus, id. ib. 5, 780: carmina, Ov. H. 12, 139 al.: vox in coronam turbamque effunditur, Cic. Fl. 28 fin.; cf.: questus in aëra, Ov. M. 9, 370: omnem suum vinulentum furorem in me, Cic. Fam. 12, 25, 4: iram in aliquem, Liv. 39, 34: omne odium in auxilii praesentis spem, id. 31, 44, 2: indignationem, Vulg. Ezech. 20, 8 et saep.
    2. B. In partic. (acc. to I. B. 2. a. and c.).
      1. 1. With se, or mid., to give one’s self up to, to give loose to, yield to, indulge in: qui se in aliqua libidine effuderit, Cic. Par. 3, 1, 21: se in omnes libidines, Tac. A. 14, 13: (Pompeius) in nos suavissime hercule effusus, has treated me with the most flattering confidence, Cic. Att. 4, 9; more freq., mid.: in tantam licentiam socordiamque, Liv. 25, 20, 6: in venerem, id. 29, 23, 4: in amorem, Tac. A. 1, 54; Curt. 8, 4, 25: in laetitiam, Just. 12, 3, 7; Curt. 5, 1, 37: in jocos, Suet. Aug. 98: in cachinnos, id. Calig. 32: in questus, lacrimas, vota, Tac. A. 1, 11: in lacrimas, id. ib. 3, 23; 4, 8; id. H. 2, 45; for which, lacrimis, Verg. A. 2, 651; cf.: ad preces lacrimasque, Liv. 44, 31 fin.: ad luxuriam, id. 34, 6: terra effunditur in herbas, Plin. 17, 8, 4, § 48; cf.: quorum stomachus in vomitiones effunditur, id. 23, 1, 23, § 43.
      2. 2. To cast away, give up, let go, dismiss, resign: collectam gratiam florentissimi hominis, Cic. Fam. 2, 16, 1: odium, id. ib. 1, 9, 20: vires, Liv. 10, 28; Ov. M. 12, 107: curam sui, Sen. Ira, 2, 35: verecundiam, id. Ep. 11: animam, Verg. A. 1, 98; cf. vitam, Ov. H. 7, 181; Macr. Somn. Scip. 1, 1, 9; cf. id. ib. 1, 11, 25: spiritum, Tac. A. 2, 70.
      3. 3. To relax, loosen, slacken, let go: manibus omnis effundit habenas, Verg. A. 5, 818: sive gradum seu frena effunderet, Stat. Th. 9, 182: irarum effundit habenas, Verg. A. 12, 499.
        Hence, effūsus, a, um, P. a.
  1. I. (Effundo, I. B. 1.) Poured out, cast out; hence, plur. as subst.: effusa, ōrum, n., the urine: reliquias et effusa intueri, Sen. Const. Sap. 13, 1.
  2. II. (Effundo, I. B. 2.) Spread out, extensive, vast, broad, wide (not freq. till after the Aug. per.).
    Lit.
      1. 1. In gen.: effusumque corpus, Lucr. 3, 113; cf.: late mare, Hor. Ep. 1, 11, 26: loca, Tac. G. 30: effusissimus Hadriatici maris sinus, Vell. 2, 43: incendium, Liv. 30, 5; cf. caedes, id. 42, 65: cursus, id. 2, 50; Plin. 9, 33, 52, § 102: membra, i. e. full, plump, Stat. Th. 6, 841.
      2. 2. Esp., relaxed, slackened, loosened, dishevelled: habenis, Front. Strat. 2, 5, 31; cf.: quam posset effusissimis habenis, Liv. 37, 20: comae, Ov. H. 7, 70; id. Am. 1, 9, 38 et saep.; cf. also transf.: (nymphae) caesariem effusae nitidam per candida colla, Verg. G. 4, 337.
      3. 3. Of soldiers or a throng of people, etc., straggling, disorderly, scattered, dispersed: effusum agmen ducit, Liv. 21, 25, 8: aciem, Luc. 4, 743: huc omnis turba effusa ruebat, Verg. A. 6, 305: sine armis effusi in armatos incidere hostis, Liv. 30, 5, 8.
  3. III. Trop.
      1. 1. Profuse, prodigal, lavish: quis in largitione effusior? Cic. Cael. 6, 13: munificentiae effusissimus, Vell. 2, 41.
      2. 2. Extravagant, immoderate: licentia, Liv. 44, 1; cf. laetitia, id. 35, 43 fin.: cursus, Plin. Ep. 6, 20, 11 et saep.
        Comp.: cultus in verbis, Quint. 3, 8, 58.
        Sup.: laudationes, Petr. 48, 7: studium, Suet. Ner. 40.
        Adv.: effūse.
      1. 1. (Acc. to I.) Far spread, far and wide, widely.
        1. a. In gen.: ire, Sall. J. 105, 3; cf. fugere, Liv. 3, 22; 40, 48: persequi, id. 43, 23; Curt. 9, 8: vastare, Liv. 1, 10; 44, 30; cf.: effusius praedari, id. 34, 16 et saep.: spatium annale effuse interpretari. in a wide sense, Cod. Just. 7, 40, 1.
        2. b. Esp., profusely, lavishly: large effuseque donare, Cic. Rosc. Am. 8 fin.; cf. vivere, id. Cael. 16 fin.: liberalem esse, Aug. ap. Suet. Aug. 71: affluant opes, Liv. 3, 26.
          In the comp., Tac. A. 4, 62.
      2. 2. (Acc. to II.) Extravagantly, immoderately: cum inaniter et effuse animus exsultat, Cic. Tusc. 4, 6, 13: amare, Plin. Ep. 6, 26, 2.
        Comp.: dicere, Plin. Ep. 1, 20, 20: fovere, id. ib. 7, 24, 4: excipere, Suet. Ner. 22: favere, Tac. H. 1, 19.
        Sup.: diligere, Plin. Ep. 7, 30, 1; id. Pan. 84, 4.

ef-fŭtŭo (ec-f-), ŭi, 3, v. a., to waste in debauchery: ecfututa latera, Cat. 6, 13: aurum, Poëta ap. Suet. Caes. 51 fin.

† ēchēa, ōrum, n., = ἠχεῖα, vessels to increase the sound of the actors’ voices in a theatre, sounding-vessels, Vitr. 5, 5, 2 (1, 1, 9 written as Greek).

Echecrătes, ae, m., = Ἐχεκράτης, a Pythagorean philosopher, a contemporary of Plato, Cic. Fin. 5, 29, 87.

† ĕchĕnēis, ĭdis, f., = ἐχενηΐς, the sucking-fish, remora, Echeneis remora, Linn.; Plin. 9, 25, 41, § 79; 35, 1, 1, § 2 sq.; Luc. 6, 675; Ov. Hal. 99; Isid. 12, 6, 34.

† ĕchidna, ae, f., = ἔχιδνα,

  1. I. an adder, viper. The Furies were said to have them twined in their hair; hence: stipite te Stygio tumidisque adflavit Echidnis E tribus una soror, Ov. M. 10, 313.
  2. II. Nom. prop.
    1. A. Lernaea, the Lernaean hydra, killed by Hercules, Ov. M. 9, 69; 158; id. F. 5, 405.
    2. B. A monster, half woman and half serpent, the mother of Cerberus, Ov. M. 4, 501.
      Hence, Echidnēus, a, um, adj., of Echidna: canis, i. e. Cerberus, Ov. M. 7, 408.

Ĕchīnădes, um, f., = Ἐχινάδες, a small group of islands in the Ionian Sea, at the mouth of the Acheloüs, Mel. 2, 7, 10; Plin. 2, 85, 87, § 201; 4, 12, 19, § 53; Ov. M. 8, 589.

ĕchīnātus, a, um, adj. [echinus, a hedge-hog], set with prickles, prickly: calyx, Plin. 15, 23, 25, § 92: capitula echinata spinis, id. 27, 9, 47, § 71: folia, id. 22, 9, 11, § 24.

† ĕchīnŏmētrae, ārum, m., = ἐχινομῆτραι, a sort of sea-urchin, Plin. 9, 31, 51, § 100.

† ĕchīnŏphŏra, ae, f., = ἐχινοφόρα, a sort of concha, Plin. 32, 11, 53, § 147 (Sillig, actinophoroe).

† ĕchīnŏpūs, ŏdis, m., = ἐχινόπους, a kind of thorn, otherwise unknown, Plin. 11, 8, 8, § 18.

2. Ĕchīnus or -os, i, f., = Ἐχῖνος.

  1. I. A city of Phthiotis, in Thessaly, Mel. 2, 3, 6; Plin. 4, 7, 14, § 28; Liv. 32, 33 al.
  2. II. A city of Acarnania, Plin. 4, 1, 2, § 5.

† 1. ĕchīnus, i, m., = ἐχῖνος, a hedgehog, urchin.

  1. I. Prop., usually the (edible) sea-urchin, Echinus esculentus, Linn.; Varr. L. L. 5, § 77 Müll.; Afran. ap. Non. 216, 11; Plin. 9, 31, 51, § 100 sq.; Hor. Epod. 5, 28; id. S. 2, 4, 33; 2, 8, 52; id. Ep. 1, 15, 23; Petr. 69, 7.
    The land-urchin (otherwise called erinaceus), Claud. Idyll. 2, 17; cf. Isid. Orig. 12, 6, 57.
  2. II. Transf., of things having a similar shape.
    1. A. A copper vessel for the table, perh. to wash out the cups in, a rinsing-bowl, Hor. S. 1, 6, 117, v. Heindorf, ad h. l.; id. ib. 2, 8, 52.
    2. B. The prickly husk of a chestnut, Calp. Ecl. 2, 83; Pall. Insit. 155.
    3. C. In archit., an ornament under the chapiter of a Doric or Ionic column, an echinus, Vitr. 4, 3, 4; 4, 7, 3; cf. Müller, Archaeol. § 277.

1. ĕchĭon, i, n., = ἔχιον, a medicament prepared from the ashes of adders, Plin. 29, 6, 38, § 119.

2. Ĕchīon, ŏnis, m.

  1. I. One of the heroes who sprang up from the dragon’s teeth sown by Cadmus; the husband of Agave and father of Pentheus, Ov. M. 3, 126; 10, 686; Stat. Th. 4, 569; Hyg. Fab. 178.
    Hence: Echione natus, for Pentheus, Ov. M. 3, 526.
    1. B. Derivv.
      1. 1. Echīŏnĭdes, ae, m., the son of Echion, i. e. Pentheus, Ov. M. 3, 513 and 701.
      2. 2. Echīŏnĭus, a, um, adj., meton. for Cadmean or Theban: hydrus, i. e. killed by Cadmus, Val. Fl. 8, 343: dens, id. 7, 554: aula, id. 7, 301; cf. arces, Ov. Tr. 5, 5, 53: nomen, Verg. A. 12, 515; cf. plebs, Stat. Th. 1, 169: Bacchus, Pall. Insit. 45.
  2. II. A son of Mercury, an Argonaut, and a sharer in the Calydonian hunt, Ov. M. 8, 311; Hyg. Fab. 14.
    Hence,
    1. B. Echīŏ-nĭus, a, um, adj., of Echion: lacerto, Ov. M. 8, 345.
  3. III. A celebrated Greek painter, Cic. Par. 5, 2, 37; id. Brut. 18, 70.

† ĕchĭos, i, f., = ἔχιος, viper’s bugloss, a plant which was taken as a remedy for the viper’s bite, Plin. 25, 9, 58, § 104.

† ĕchis, is, m., a plant, called also pseudoanchusa, and doris, Plin. 22, 20, 24, § 50.

† echīte, ēs, f., = ἐχίτη, a plant, a kind of clematis, Plin. 24, 15, 89, § 139.

† ĕchītis, is, m., = ἐχίτης, adder-stone, Plin. 37, 11, 72, § 187.

† ēcho, ūs, f., = ἠχώ, repercussion of sound, echo (pure Lat. imago), Plin. 36, 15, 24, § 100; Pers. 1, 102; Aus. Mos. 297; id. Ep. 10, 23; 25, 68; Vulg. Sap. 17, 18.
Personified as a nymph, Ov. M. 3, 358 sq.; Aus. Epigr. 11, 7; 99, 1.

† ēchōĭcus, a, um, adj., = ἠχωϊκός, echoing: elegi, Sid. Ep. 8, 11: metrum, in which one or more final syllables echo or rhyme to a preceding part of the verse, Serv. Centim. p. 1826 P. (cf. Burm. Anthol. Lat. 1, p. 558).

† eclīgma, ătis, n., = ἔκλειγμα, a medicine to be taken by letting it melt in the mouth, an electuary, Plin. 21, 21, 89, § 154; 24, 7, 23, § 38; 26, 8, 35, § 110.
Hence, ecligmătĭum, ii, dim. n., Theod. Prisc. 2, 17.

† eclīpsis, is, f., = ἔκλειψις (a forsaking, being absent): solis, an eclipse of the sun, Auct. Her. 3, 22, 36: lunae, Hyg. Astr. 4, 14; and without gen., Plin. 2, 12, 9, § 53 (pure Lat. defectio and defectus).

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