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gĕnĭus, i (voc. geni, Tib. 4, 5, 9 M. dub.), m. [root GEN, gigno; prop., the superior or divine nature which is innate in everything, the spiritual part, spirit; hence], the tutelar deity or genius of a person, place, etc. (cf.: lares, penates).

  1. I. In gen.: genium dicebant antiqui naturalem deum uniuscujusque loci vel rei aut hominis, Serv. Verg. G. 1, 302; cf. Voss ad loc.; Verg. A. 5, 95; Juv. 6, 22; Liv. 21, 62, 9; Mart. 7, 12, 10: eundem esse genium et larem, multi veteres memoriae prodiderunt, in queis etiam Granius Flaccus, Censor. de Die Nat. 3, 2; Prud. adv. Symm. 2, 369; 444: scit Genius, natale comes qui temperat astrum, Naturae deus humanae, mortalis in unum Quodque caput, vultu mutabilis, albus et ater, Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 187: genius tuus malus, Flor. 4, 7, 8.
    In urgent petitions and in oaths appeals were made to the Genius of the person addressed, or to that of some eminent person: te per Genium … Obsecro et obtestor, Hor. Ep. 1, 7, 94; cf. Sen. Ep. 12, 12; Tib. 4, 5, 8; Suet. Calig. 27; Dig. 12, 2, 13, § 6.
    On festal occasions the Genius was propitiated: cras Genium mero Curabis et porco bimestri, Hor. C. 3, 17, 14; id. Ep. 2, 1, 144; id. A. P. 210; Pers. 2, 3; Ov. Am. 1, 8, 94 et saep.; cf. Tib. 1, 7, 49: magne Geni, cape dona libens votisque faveto, id. 4, 5, 9: acceptus Geniis December (because the Saturnalian festivals occurred in it), Ov. F. 3, 58: genium loci … precatur, Verg. A. 7, 136: GENIO LOCI, Inscr. Orell. 343 sq.; 1697; 1701: COLONIAE, ib. 367; 1693 sq.: MVNICIPII, ib. 689; 1690 sq.: CVRIAE, ib. 1120: FORI VINARII, ib. 4087: THEATRI, ib. 1713: Lateranus deus est focorum et Genius, Arn. 4, 6 et saep.: Priapi, Petr. 21: Famae, Mart. 7, 12, 10: JOVIS, Inscr. Orell. 1730; 2488: DEORVM, ib. 1730.
  2. II. In partic.
    1. A. With respect to the enjoyment of life.
      1. 1. The spirit of social enjoyment, fondness for good living, taste, appetite, inclination: isti qui cum geniis suis belligerant, parcipromi, Plaut. Truc. 1, 2, 81; cf.: egomet me defraudavi Animumque meum geniumque meum, id. Aul. 4, 9, 15; and: suum defrudans genium, sacrificing his inclinations, Ter. Phorm. 1, 1, 10 Ruhnk.: sapis multum ad genium, Plaut. Pers. 1, 3, 28: hic quidem meliorem Genium tuum non facies, id. Stich. 4, 2, 42: nunc et amico meo prosperabo et genio meo multa bona faciam, id. Pers. 2, 3, 11: indulge genio: carpamus dulcia, id. ib. 5, 151.
        Hence,
      2. 2. A term used by parasites for entertainer, patron: ecquis est, qui mihi commonstret Phaedromum genium meum? Plaut. Curc. 2, 3, 22; 5, 2, 29; id. Capt. 4, 2, 99; id. Men. 1, 2, 29.
    2. B. Of the intellect, wit, talents, genius (very rare): nemo mathematicus genium indemnatus habebit, Juv. 6, 562: victurus genium debet habere liber, Mart. 6, 60, 10.
      Hence, in a pun with the preced. signif., Mart. 7, 78, 7.

gĕnu, ūs, n. (also nom. sing. gĕnum, n., Front. Ep. ad M. Caes. 5, 44; and gĕ-nus, m., Lucil. ap. Non. 207, 28; gen. sing. genuis; dat. genui, genu, Mart. Cap. 3, § 293.
In neutr., nom. and acc. sing. genus, Cic. Arat. 45; 46; 399; 403; plur. gēnvă, as a dissyllable, Carey’s Lat. Prosody, § 47; Verg. A. 5, 432; 12, 905; gen. plur. genuorum, Vitr. 9, 6 dub.; dat. plur. genubus, Sen. Thyest. 406; Hippol. 667; Mart. Cap. 3, § 293; but usu. genibus, Curt. 10, 5, 24; Tac. A. 12, 18; Liv. 44, 31 fin.; Ov. M. 13, 585) [kindr. with Sanscr. jānu; Gr. γόνυ; Goth. kniu; Germ. Knie; Engl. knee], the knee.

  1. I. Lit.: meus est ballista pugnus, cubitus catapulta est mihi, Umerus aries: tum genu ut quemque icero, ad terram dabo, Plaut. Capt. 4, 2, 17: hujus genus, Cic. ap. Serv. ad Verg. A. 3, 22: fine genus vestem ritu succincta Dianae, Ov. M. 10, 536: per aquam ferme genus tenus altam, Liv. 44, 40, 8 Drak. N. cr.: in ipsa genus utriusque commissura, knee-joint, Plin. 11, 45, 103, § 250: sedatis tibi doloribus genus, Fronto Ep. p. 134 Rom.: dolorem genus suscitare, id. ib. p. 138: ne quem in cursu capite aut cubito offendam aut genu, Plaut. Curc. 2, 3, 3: genu mehercule M. Antonium vidi, cum contente pro se ipse lege Varia diceret, terram tangere, Cic. Tusc. 2, 24, 57: genua inediā succidunt, Plaut. Curc. 2, 3, 30: dumque virent genua, Hor. Epod. 13, 4: genuum junctura, knee-joint, Ov. M. 2, 823: genuumque tumebat orbis, knee-pan, id. ib. 8, 809: ad genua accidere, Enn. ap. Non. 517, 16 (Com. Rel. v. 9 Vahl.): procidere, Sen. Contr. 7, 17, 12: ad genua se alicui submittere, Suet. Tib. 20; cf.: genua amplexus genibusque volutans Haerebat, Verg. A. 3, 607: atqui pol hodie non feres, ni genua confricantur, i. e. be clasped in earnest entreaty, Plaut. As. 3, 3, 80; so, fricare, ib. 88: nunc tibi amplectimur genua egentes opum, id. Rud. 1, 5, 16; cf.: exurgite a genibus, id. ib. v. 22: advolvi, Sall. Fragm. ap. Serv. Verg. A. 1, 311; Tac. A. 1, 13 fin.; 6, 49; 15, 71; for which: genibus se advolvere or advolvi, Liv. 8, 37 fin.; 28, 34, 4; Vell. 2, 80 fin.: nixi genibus ab senatu petierunt, ne, etc., Liv. 43, 2, 2: muta metu terram genibus summissa petebat, Lucr. 1, 92: corde et genibus tremit, Hor. C. 1, 23, 8: jus imperiumque Phraates Caesaris accepit genibus minor, i. e. kneeling, beseeching, id. Ep. 1, 12, 28; Vulg. Phil. 2, 10 saep.: genu ponere, to bow the knee, Curt. 4, 6, 28; so, alicui, id. 8, 7, 13: genu flectere, Hier. in. Eph. 3, 14: inflexo genu adorare aliquem, Sen. Herc. Fur. 410: nixi genibus, on bended knees, Liv. 43, 2, 2: per tua genua te opsecro, Plaut. Curc. 5, 2, 31: genua incerare deorum, i. e. to attach to the statues of the gods wax tablets with prayers written on them, Juv. 10, 55.
  2. II. Transf., of plants, a knot, joint, usually called geniculum: a genibus (ferulae) exeuntia folia, Plin. 13, 22, 42, § 123.

† 1. gĕnus, ĕris, n. [= γένος, root GEN, gigno, gens], birth, descent, origin; and concr., a race, stock, etc. (cf.: familia, gens, stirps).

  1. I. Lit.
    1. A. In gen.: bono genere gnati, Cato ap. Gell. 10, 3, 17; cf.: ii, qui nobili genere nati sunt, Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 70, § 180: amplissimo genere natus, Caes. B. G. 4, 12, 4: genere regio natus, Cic. Rep. 1, 33: C. Laelius, cum ei quidam malo genere natus diceret, indignum esse suis majoribus, at hercule, inquit, tu tuis dignus, id. de Or. 2, 71, 286: genere et nobilitate et pecunia sui municipii facile primus, id. Rosc. Am. 6, 15: esse genere divino, id. Rep. 2, 2: contempsisti L. Murenae genus, extulisti tuum, id. Mur. 7, 15: hic sacra, hic genus, hic majorum multa vestigia, id. Leg. 2, 1, 3; cf. id. Brut. 58, 212; id. Rep. 1, 18: adulescens, cujus spei nihil praeter genus patricium deesset, Liv. 6, 34, 11: in famam generis ac familiae, Quint. 3, 11, 12; 5, 10, 24: genus Lentulorum, id. 6, 3, 67: Atys, genus unde Atii duxere Latini, Verg. A. 5, 568: fortuna non mutat genus, Hor. Epod. 4, 6: virginem plebei generis petiere juvenes, alter virgini genere par, alter, etc., Liv. 4, 9, 4: qui sibi falsum nomen imposuerit, genus parentesve finxerit, etc., Plaut. Sent. 5, 25, 11.
      Plur.: summis gnati generibus, Plaut. Most. 5, 2, 20.
    2. B. In partic., birth, for high or noble birth (mostly poet.): cum certi propter divitias aut genus aut aliquas opes rem publicam tenent, est factio, Cic. Rep. 3, 14: pol mihi fortuna magis nunc defit quam genus, Enn. ap. Cic. Tusc. 3, 19, 44 (Trag. v. 394 Vahl.): et genus et virtus, nisi cum re vilior alga est, Hor. S. 2, 5, 8; cf.: et genus et formam regina pecunia donat, id. Ep. 1, 6, 37: non, Torquate, genus, non te facundia, non te Restituet pietas, id. C. 4, 7, 23: jactes et genus et nomen inutile, id. ib. 1, 14, 13; cf.: cui genus et quondam nomen natique fuissent, Verg. A. 5, 621: nunc jam nobis patribus vobisque plebei promiscuus consulatus patet, nec generis, ut ante, sed virtutis est praemium, Liv. 7, 32, 14; cf. id. 4, 4, 7.
  2. II. Transf.
    1. A. Like gens and stirps, a descendant, offspring, child; and collect., descendants, posterity, race (poet.): neve tu umquam in gremium extollas liberorum ex te genus, Enn. ap. Cic. Or. 46, 155 (Trag. v. 347 Vahl.): credo equidem, genus esse deorum, Verg. A. 4, 12: Uraniae genus, Hymen, i. e. her son, Cat. 61, 2: audax Iapeti, i. e. his son Prometheus, Hor. C. 1, 3, 27: Jovis, i. e. Perseus, Ov. M. 4, 609; cf. also Prop. 2, 2, 9; Hor. C. 2, 14, 18: genus Adrasti, i. e. Diomede, grandson of Adrastus, Ov. F. 6, 433; so of a grandson, id. M. 2, 743; cf. nepotum, Hor. C. 3, 17, 4: Tantali genus, id. ib. 2, 18, 37: Danai, id. ib. 2, 14, 18: Messi clarum genus Osci, id. S. 1, 5, 54: ab alto Demissum genus Aenea, i. e. Octavianus, as the adopted son of Julius Cœsar, id. ib. 2, 5, 63: sive neglectum genus et nepotes Respicis auctor, i. e. the Romans, id. C. 1, 2, 35; cf. ib. 3, 6, 18: regium genus, id. ib. 2, 4, 15.
    2. B. Of an assemblage of objects (persons, animals, plants, inanimate or abstract things) which are related or belong together in consequence of a resemblance in natural qualities; a race, stock, class, sort, species, kind (in this signif. most freq. in all periods and kinds of writing).
      1. 1. In gen.
        1. a. Of living things: ne genus humanum temporis longinquitate occideret, propter hoc marem cum femina esse coniunctum, Cic. ap. Col. 12, 1 (Fragm. Cic. 1, 5 Baiter): quod ex infinita societate generis humani ita contracta res est, etc., of the human race, Cic. Lael. 5, 20; cf. id. Rep. 1, 2 fin.: o deorum quicquid in caelo regit Terras et humanum genus, Hor. Epod. 5, 2; for which: consulere generi hominum, Cic. Rep. 3, 12; cf.: cum omni hominum genere, id. ib. 2, 26; Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 7: solivagum genus, Cic. Rep. 1, 25: potens vir cum inter sui corporis homines tum etiam ad plebem, quod haudquaquam inter id genus contemptor ejus habebatur, i. e. among the Plebeians, Liv. 6, 34, 5: Graium genus, the Grecian race, Enn. ap. Prob. ad Verg. E. 6, 31 (Ann. v. 149 Vahl.): virtus est propria Romani generis atque seminis, Cic. Phil. 4, 5, 13; cf. id. Ac. 2, 27, 86: Ubii, paulo quam sunt ejusdem generis et ceteris humaniores, Caes. B. G. 4, 3, 3; cf. also: impellit alios (Aeduos) iracundia et temeritas, quae maxime illi hominum generi est innata, race of men, id. ib. 7, 42, 2; so, like gens, of nations, peoples, tribes: ferox, Sall. Fragm. ap. Arus. Mess. s. v. insolens, p. 241 Lind. (Hist. 1, 14 Gerl.); Liv. 34, 7, 6: implacidum (Genauni), Hor. C. 4, 14, 10: durum ac velox (Ligures), Flor. 2, 3, 4: omne in paludes diffugerat, id. 3, 10, 14: Graecorum, Cic. Fl. 4, 9: Numidarum, Liv. 30, 12, 18: genus omne nomenque Macedonum, id. 13, 44, 6; Nep. Reg. 2: Italici generis multi mortales, Sall. J. 47, 1: Illyriorum, Liv. 27, 32, 4; 27, 48, 10; 42, 47 fin.: Scytharum, Just. 2, 3, 16; Tac. H. 2, 4; Suet. Ner. 37; Vell. 2, 118, 1.
          In plur.: conventus is, qui ex variis generibus constaret, Caes. B. C. 2, 36, 1: olim isti fuit generi quondam quaestus apud saeclum prius … est genus hominum, qui se primos esse omnium rerum volunt, class of men, profession, Ter. Eun. 2, 2, 15 and 17: firmi et stabiles et constantes (amici), cujus generis est magna penuria, Cic. Lael. 17, 62: saepius genus ejus hominis (sc. procuratoris rei publicae) erit in reliqua nobis oratione tractandum, id. Rep. 2, 29 fin.; cf.: genus aliud tyrannorum, id. ib. 1, 44: judicum genus et forma, id. Phil. 5, 5, 13: istius generis asoti, id. Fin. 2, 8, 23; cf.: omnium ejus generis poëtarum haud dubie proximus, Quint. 10, 1, 85: liberrimum hominum, id. 10, 12, 2, § 22: irritabile vatum, Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 102: hoc omne (ambubajarum, etc.), id. S. 1, 2, 2: hominum virile, muliebre, Cic. Inv. 1, 24, 35: equidem fabulam et fictam rem ducebam esse, virorum omne genus in aliqua insula conjuratione muliebri ab stirpe sublatum esse, Liv. 34, 2, 3: cedat consulari generi praetorium, Cic. Planc. 6, 15: ad militare genus = ad milites, Liv. 24, 32, 2: alia militaris generis turba, id. 44, 45, 13: castellani, agreste genus, id. 34, 27, 9 Weissenb. ad loc.
          Sing. with plur. predicate: Ministrantibus sibi omni genere turpium personarum, Capitol. Ver. 4.
          In plur.: eorum hominum … genera sunt duo, Caes. B. G. 6, 13, 1: tria auditorum, Quint. 3, 4, 6.
          Repeated in the relative-clause: duo genera semper in hac civitate fuerunt … quibus ex generibus, Cic. Sest. 45, 96.
          In the acc., of description (v. Roby’s Gram. 2, p. 42 sq.): quot et quod genus pastores habendi, of what kind, Varr. R. R. 2, 10, 1: quod genus ii sunt, etc., Auct. Her. 2, 30, 48; cf. in the foll.
          1. (β) Of animals, plants, etc.: genus altivolantum, the race of birds, Enn. ap. Cic. Div. 1, 48, 107 (Ann. v. 84 Vahl.); cf.: genu’ pennis condecoratum, id. Fragm. ap. Varr. L. L. 5, § 59: lanigerum, id. Fragm. ap. Paul. ex Fest. s. v. Cyprio, p. 59 Müll.: squamigerum, Lucr. 1, 162; cf. piscium, Hor. C. 1, 2, 9: silvestre, Lucr. 5, 1411: omne ferarum, id. 5, 1338: acre leonum, id. 5, 862: malefici generis plurima animalia, Sall. J. 17, 6: diversum confusa genus panthera camelo, Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 195: animantūm propagare genus, to propagate the race, Lucr. 1, 195: ad genus faciendum, Just. 2, 9 fin.: juxta genus suum, Vulg. Gen. 1, 11 saep.
            Plur.: quae vero et quam varia genera bestiarum vel cicurum vel ferarum! Cic. N. D. 2, 39, 99: piscium genera, Quint. 5, 10, 21.
            In the acc., of description: porticus avibus omne genus oppletae, Varr. R. R. 3, 5, 11: pascuntur omne genus objecto frumento, id. ib. 3, 6: boves et id genus pecua, App. M. 2, p. 115, 4; id. Flor. p. 37.
        2. b. Of inanim. and abstr. things, kind, sort, description, class, order, character: genus ullum materiaï, Lucr. 2, 304: cum is (sol) quoque efficiat, ut omnia floreant et in suo quaeque genere pubescant, Cic. N. D. 2, 15, 41: naves omni genere armorum ornatissimae, Caes. B. G. 3, 14, 2: cibi genus, id. ib. 4, 1, 9: cum omni genere commeatus, Liv. 30, 36, 2: frugum, id. 38, 15, 9: hoc sphaerae genus, Cic. Rep. 1, 14: hoc triplex rerum publicarum genus, id. ib. 2, 23: regale civitatis, id. ib.; cf.: totum regiae civitatis, id. ib. 2, 29: novum imperii, id. ib. 2, 32: ipsum istud genus orationis exspecto, id. ib. 1, 24 fin.; cf.: dulce orationis, id. Or. 13, 42: qua re esset hoc bellum genere ipso necessarium, id. de Imp. Pomp. 10, 27; cf.: genus hoc erat pugnae, quo, etc., Caes. B. G. 1, 48, 4: potestas annua (consulum) genere ipso ac jure regia, Cic. Rep. 2, 32: genus vitae … genus aetatis, id. Off. 1, 32, 117: optimum emendandi, Quint. 10, 4, 2: dicendi, Cic. Off. 1, 1, 3; Quint. 8, 3, 56; 12, 10, 69: simplex rectumque loquendi, id. 9, 3, 3: omnis generis tormenta, Liv. 32, 16, 10: praeda ingens omnis generis, id. 27, 5, 9; so, omnis generis, with tela, id. 38, 26, 4; with naves, id. 34, 8, 5; with eloquentia, id. 39, 40, 7, etc.
          Repeated in the relative-clause: erat haec (ratio) ex eodem genere, quod ego maxime genus ex sociorum litteris reperire cupiebam, Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 74, § 183.
          In plur.: Caesar haec genera munitionis instituit, Caes. B. G. 7, 72, 1: disserere de generibus et de rationibus civitatum, Cic. Rep. 2, 11; cf. id. ib. 1, 26; 28: genera juris institutorum, morum consuetudinumque describere, id. ib. 3, 10: genera furandi, id. Verr. 2, 2, 7, § 18.
          In the acc., of description: omne, hoc, id, quod genus, for omnis, ejus, hujus, cujus generis, of every, of this, of which kind: sub urbe hortum omne genus, coronamenta omne genus, Cato, R. R. 8, 2; Varr. R. R. 1, 29, 1: omne genus simulacra feruntur, Lucr. 4, 735: si hoc genus rebus non proficitur, Varr. R. R. 2, 1, 23; id. L. L. 9, § 110 Müll.; Lucr. 6, 917 and Hor. S. 2, 6, 44: in id genus verbis, Varr. L. L. 10, § 79; 8, 7, 108, § 17: in id genus libris, Gell. 3, 8, 1: scis me ante orationes aut aliquid id genus solitum scribere, Cic. Att. 13, 12, 3: vitanda sunt illa, quae propinqua videntur: quod genus, fidentiae contrarium est diffidentia, etc., for example, id. Inv. 2, 54, 165; so ib. 2, 52, 157; 2, 54, 162; 2, 57, 172; Lucr. 4, 271; 6, 1058: lege jus est id quod populi jussu sanctum est, quod genus: ut in jus eas cum voceris, Auct. Her. 2, 13, 19; cf. ib. sqq.
          In gen.: i. q. res or aliquid: ut in omni genere hujus populi (Graeci) consuetudinem videretur imitatus, in all respects, in everything, Cic. Rep. 2, 20; cf.: innumerabiles res sunt, in quibus te quotidie in omni genere desiderem, id. Q. Fr. 2, 2 fin.: incredibile est, quam me in omni genere delectarit, id. Att. 16, 5, 2: medici assiduitas et tota domus in omni genere diligens, id. ib. 12, 33, 2; 7, 1, 2: qui in aliquo genere aut inconcinnus aut multus est, is ineptus dicitur, in any respect whatever, id. de Or. 2, 4, 17: qua de re et de hoc genere toto pauca cognosce, id. Q. Fr. 1, 2, 2, § 4.
          Adverb.: in genus, in general, generally: sermones in genus communes, Gell. 4, 1 fin.
      2. 2. In partic.
        1. a. In philos. lang., opp. partes, and comprising them within itself, a general term, logical genus: genus est id, quod sui similes communione quadam, specie autem differentes, duas aut plures complectitur partes, Cic. de Or. 1, 42, 189; cf.: genus est, quod plures partes amplectitur, ut animal; pars est, quae subest generi, ut equus. Sed saepe eadem res alii genus, alii pars est: nam homo animalis pars est, Thebani aut Trojani genus, id. de Inv. 1, 22, 32: genus est, quod partes aliquas amplectitur, ut cupiditas; pars est, quae subest generi, ut cupiditati amor, avaritia, id. ib. 1, 28, 42; cf. also: genus est notio ad plures differentias pertinens, id. Top. 7, 31: nec vero sine philosophorum disciplina genus et speciem cujusque rei cernere neque eam definiendo explicare nec tribuere in partes possumus, etc., id. Or. 4, 16; cf. ib. 33, 117: formae dicendi specie dispares, genere laudabiles, id. de Or. 3, 9, 34: perturbationes sunt genere quatuor, partibus plures, id. Tusc. 3, 11, 24; cf. ib. 5, 25, 71: et conjuncta quaeremus, et genera et partes generibus subjectas, et similitudines, etc., id. de Or. 2, 39, 166; opp. species and pars, Varr. R. R. 3, 3, 3.
        2. b. In gram., gender: transversi sunt (ordines) qui ab recto casu obliqui declinantur, ut albus, albi, albo; directi sunt, qui ab recto casu in rectos declinantur, ut albus, alba, album. Transversorum ordinum partes appellantur casus, directorum genera: utrisque inter se implicatis forma, Varr. L. L. 10, § 22 Müll.: quod ad verborum temporalium rationem attinet, cum partes sint quatuor: temporum, personarum, generum, divisionum, etc., ib. 9, § 95: in nominibus tria genera, Quint. 1, 4, 23: barbarismum fieri per numeros aut genera, id. 1, 5, 16; 9, 3, 6: in verbis quoque quis est adeo imperitus, ut ignoret genera et qualitates, etc., id. 1, 4, 27.

2. gĕnus, ūs, v. genu.