Lewis & Short

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vĭtĭo, āvi, ātum, 1, v. a. [vitium], to make faulty, to injure, spoil, mar, taint, corrupt, infect, vitiate (class., esp. in the trop. sense; syn.: corrumpo, noceo).

  1. I. Lit.
    1. A. In gen.: dira lues quondam Latias vitiaverat auras, Ov. M. 15, 626; cf.: amnem salibus amaris, id. ib. 15, 286: ossa, Cels. 8, 2: corpora, Ov. F. 6, 136: oculos, id. F. 1, 691: facies longis vitiabitur annis, id. Tr. 3, 7, 33: ferramentum in opere, Col. 11, 1, 20: ova, id. 8, 11, 5: vina, Hor. S. 2, 4, 54: boves aliqua offensa, Pall. 4, 12, 1.
    2. B. In partic., to violate a woman (cf.: violo, polluo): aliquam in occulto, Cato ap. Gell. 17, 13, 4: virginem, Ter. Eun. 4, 4, 37; id. Ad. 4, 5, 52; Suet. Aug. 71; Quint. 9, 2, 70 al.; cf.: vitiati pondera ventris (sc. stupro), Ov. H. 11, 37.
  2. II. Trop.: comitiorum et contionum significationes sunt nonnumquam vitiatae atque corruptae, falsified, Cic. Sest. 54, 115 Halm N. cr.: dies, to make void the nomination of a day for the census, id. Att. 4, 9, 1; cf.: senatusconsulta arbitrio consulum supprimebantur vitiabanturque, Liv. 3, 55, 13: scripturas, Dig. 50, 17, 94: auspicia, Messala ap. Gell. 13, 15, 4: pectora limo malorum, Ov. P. 4, 2, 18; cf.: curis vitiatum corpus amaris, id. ib. 1, 10, 3.

vĭtĭum, ii (gen. plur. vitiūm, Titin. ap. Non. p. 495, 13), n. [from the same root with vieo, vitis, vitta; prop. a twist; hence], a fault, defect, blemish, imperfection, vice (syn. menda).

  1. I. Lit.: quomodo autem in corpore est morbus, est aegrotatio, est vitium: sic in animo. Morbum appellant totius corporis corruptionem: aegrotationem morbum cum imbecillitate: vitium, cum partes corporis inter se dissident; ex quo pravitas membrorum, distortio, deformitas. Itaque illa duo, morbus et aegrotatio, ex totius valetudinis corporis conquassatione et perturbatione gignuntur: vitium autem integrā valetudine ipsum ex se cernitur, Cic. Tusc. 4, 13, 29: corporis, Plaut. Most. 1, 3, 118; Ov. F. 4, 148: mancipii, Dig. 21, 1, 1, § 6: jumenti, ib. 21, 1, 38 init.
    In buildings, a breach, defect: si nihil est in parietibus aut in tecto vitii, Cic. Fam. 9, 15, 5; cf.: si aedes corruerunt vitiumve fecerunt, have received damage, become damaged, id. Top. 3, 15.
    In plants, a blemish, vice: sive illis (agris) omne per ignem Excoquitur vitium atque exsudat inutilis umor, Verg. G. 1, 88: vitio moriens sitit aëris herba, id. E. 7, 57.
    In fruits, the useless part, the core: vitiumque cinctum fructu, Plin. 15, 28, 34, § 112.
  2. II. Trop.
    1. A. In gen., a fault, defect, blemish: acutius atque acrius vitia in dicente quam recta videre, Cic. de Or. 1, 25, 116; cf. orationis, Quint. 1, 5, 1; 12, 1, 22: sermonis, id. 1, 1, 13: soloecismi, id. 1, 5, 53: ingenii, id. 10, 1, 60: mentis, id. 12, 1, 32: Stoicae sectae, id. 11, 1, 70: et illud mihi vitium’st maximum, my greatest fault, Ter. Hec. 1, 2, 37: huc si perveneris, meum vitium fuerit, my fault, Cic. Ac. 2, 16, 49: quamvis quis fortunae vitio, non suo decexisset, id. Phil. 2, 18, 44: honorem vitio civitatis, non suo, non sunt adsecuti, id. Har. Resp. 26, 56: male conjecta falsa sunt, non rerum vitio, sed interpretum inscientiā, id. Div. 1, 52, 118: animadverso vitio castrorum totā nocte munitiones proferunt, i. e. the faulty, unfavorable position (just before: natura iniquo loco castra ponunt), Caes. B. C. 1, 81: milites item conflictati et tempestatis et sentinae vitiis, the injurious effects, id. ib. 3, 28: sese nihil adhuc arbitrari vitio factum eorum, id. ib. 3, 57: vini vitio atque amoris feci, through the fault of, Plaut. Aul. 4, 10, 15.
    2. B. In partic.
      1. 1. A moral fault, failing, error, offence, crime, vice (the predom. signif. of the word in prose and poetry; cf.: scelus, delictum): nullam quidem ob turpitudinem, nullum ob totius vitae non dicam vitium, sed erratum, Cic. Clu. 48, 133: legibus et praemia proposita sunt virtutibus et supplicia vitiis, id. de Or. 1, 58. 247: virtus est vitium fugere, Hor. ep. 1, 1, 41: senectus est naturā loquacior, ne ab omnibus eam vitiis videar vindicare, Cic. Sen. 16, 55: in vitio esse, id. Off. 1, 19, 62: ne sibi vitio verterent, quod abesset a patriā, reckon it a fault, id. Fam. 7, 6, 1: te laudem Sex. Roscio vitio et culpae dedisse, id. Rosc. Am. 16, 48; Matius ap. Cic. Fam. 11, 28, 2.
        1. b. In respect of female chastity (whether of maidens or wives), a violation: quia pudicitiae hujus (Alcumenae) vitium me hic absente est additum, Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 179: pudicitiae ejus nunquam nec vim nec vitium attuli, id. Ep. 1, 2, 7: quoi misere per vim vitium obtulerat, Ter. Ad. 3, 2, 10; so, offerre, id. ib. 3, 1, 9: virginis, id. Eun. 4, 4, 55; cf.: vitium auctore redemit, Ov. H. 16 (17), 49.
      2. 2. In relig. lang., a defect in the auspices or auguries: si cui servo aut ancillae dormienti evenit, quod comitia prohibere solet, ne id quidem mihi vitium facit, Cato ap. Fest. s. v. prohibere, p. 234 fin. Müll.; Ter. Hec. prol. 2; Liv. 8, 23, 16; 4, 7, 3: id igitur obvenit vitium, quod tu jam Cal. Jan. futurum esse provideras, Cic. Phil. 2, 33, 83: tabernaculum vitio captum, id. N. D. 2, 4, 11; cf.: vitio navigare, id. Div. 1, 16, 29: comitiorum solum vitium est fulmen, id. ib. 2, 18, 43.
      3. 3. A fault of language: barbarismi ac soloecismi foeditas absit … haec vitia, etc., Quint. 1, 5, 5.
      4. 4. In coinage, t. t., base metal, alloy: in aurum vitii aliquid addere, Dig. 48, 10, 9 praef.; cf.: ignis vitium metallis Excoquit, Ov. F. 4, 785.