Lewis & Short

Parsing inflected forms may not always work as expected. If the following does not give the correct word, try Latin Words or Perseus.

1. qui, quae, quod (old forms: nom. quei; gen. quojus; dat. quoi, and in inscrr. QVOEI, QVOIEI, and QVEI; abl. qui; plur. ques or queis; fem. QVAI; neutr. qua; dat. and abl. queis and quĭs.
Joined with cum: quocum, quācum, quicum, quibuscum; rarely cum quo, Liv. 7, 33: cum quibus, id. 4, 5.
Placed also before other prepositions: quas contra, quem propter, etc.; v. h. praepp.), pron.

  1. I. Interrog., who? which? what? what kind or sort of a? (adjectively; while quis, quid is used substantively; qui, of persons, asks for the character, quis usu. for the name).
    1. A. In direct questions: quae haec daps est? qui festus dies? what sort of a feast? what kind of a festival? Liv. And. ap. Prisc. p. 752 P. (a transl. of Hom. Od. 1, 225: τίς δαΐς, τίς δὲ ὅμιλος ὅδ’ ἔπλετο; cf. Herm. Doctr. Metr. p. 619): Th. Quis fuit igitur? Py. Iste Chaerea. Th. Qui Chaerea? what Chærea? Ter. Eun. 5, 1, 8: qui color, nitor, vestitus? id. ib. 2, 2, 11: qui cantus dulcior inveniri potest? quod carmen aptius? qui actor in imitandā veritate jucundior? Cic. de Or. 2, 8, 34: virgo, quae patria est tua? Plaut. Pers. 4, 4, 88: occiso Sex. Roscio, qui primus Ameriam nuntiat? what sort of a person? Cic. Rosc. Am. 34, 96.
    2. B. In indirect discourse: scribis te velle scire, qui sit rei publicae status, what is the state of the country, Cic. Fam. 1, 7, 10: quae cura boum, qui cultus habendo Sit pecori … Hinc canere incipiam, Verg. G. 1, 3: iste deus qui sit da, Tityre, nobis, id. E. 1, 18; 2, 19; 3, 8; id. A. 3, 608: nescimus qui sis, Cic. Div. in Caecil. 6, 20: qui sit, qui socium fraudarit, consideremus, id. Rosc. Com. 6, 17.
  2. II. Rel., who, which, what, that, referring to a substantive or pronoun as antecedent.
    1. A. As a simple rel.
      1. 1. With antecedent expressed: habebat ducem Gabinium, quīcum quidvis rectissime facere posset, Cic. Phil. 2, 19, 48: ille vir, cui patriae salus dulcior fuit, id. Balb. 5, 11: vir acer, cui, etc., id. Brut. 35, 135: vir optimus, qui, etc., id. Fam. 14, 4, 2: Priscus, vir cujus, etc., Liv. 4, 46, 10; 23, 7, 4: quod ego fui ad Trasimenum, id tu hodie es, id. 30, 30, 12: collaria, quae vocantur maelium, Varr. R. R. 2, 9, 15: coloniam, quam Fregellas appellent, Liv. 8, 23: sucus, quem opobalsamum vocant, Plin. 12, 25, 54, § 116: sidere, quod Caniculam appellavimus, id. 18, 28, 68, § 272.
      2. 2. With pronom. antecedent understood: QVI IN IVS VOCABIT, IVMENTVM DATO, Lex XII. Tabularum: SI ADORAT FVRTO, QVOD NEC MANIFESTVM ESCIT, ib. tab. 2, 1. 8: novistine hominem? ridicule rogitas, quīcum una cibum capere soleo, Plaut. Trin. 4, 2, 60: beati, quīs contigit, etc., Verg. A. 1, 95: fac, qui ego sum, esse te, Cic. Fam. 7, 23, 1.
      3. 3. The rel. freq. agrees with the foll. word: est locus in carcere, quod Tullianum appellatur, Sall. C. 55, 3: ealoca, quae Numidia appellatur, id. J. 18, 11: exstat ejus peroratio, qui epilogus dicitur, Cic. Brut. 33, 127: justa gloria, qui est fructus virtutis, id. Pis. 24, 57: domicilia conjuncta, quas urbes dicimus, id. Sest. 42, 91.
      4. 4. Sometimes it agrees with the logical, not the grammatical antecedent: ne tu me arbitrare beluam, qui non novisse possim, quīcum aetatem exegerim, Plaut. Trin. 4, 2, 112: ubi est scelus qui me perdidit? Ter. And. 3, 5, 1: hoc libro circumcisis rebus, quae non arbitror pertinere ad agriculturam, Varr. R. R. 1, 1, 11: abundantia earum rerum, quae prima mortales ducunt, Sall. J. 41, 1; Cic. Fam. 2, 8, 2: illa furia muliebrium relligionum, qui, etc., id. ib. 1, 9, 15: alteram alam mittit, qui satagentibus occurrerent, Auct. B. Afr. 78.
      5. 5. Relating to a remote subject: annis ferme DX post Romam conditam Livius fabulam dedit … anno ante natum Ennium: qui (sc. Livius) fuit major natu quam Plautus et Naevius, Cic. Tusc. 1, 1, 3; v. the commentators ad loc.; Liv. 21, 26, 2; 31, 38, 10; 37, 14, 2; cf. Krehl ad Prisc. 2, 9, § 48, p. 91.
      6. 6. The antecedent is sometimes repeated after the rel.: erant itinera duo, quibus itineribus, etc., Caes. B. G. 1, 6.
      7. 7. In a question, with ne affixed: sed ubi Artotrogus hic est? Art. Stat propter virum fortem … Mil. Quemne ego servavi in campis Curculioniis? whom I saved? Plaut. Mil. 1, 1, 9: quemne ego vidi? whom I saw? Ter. And. 4, 4, 29.
    2. B. With an accessory signif., causal or final, joined to the subj.
      1. 1. As, because, seeing that, since: Actio maluimus iter facere pedibus, qui incommodissime navigassemus, Cic. Att. 5, 9, 1: hospes, qui nihil suspicaretur, id. Verr. 2, 1, 25, § 64; ingrata es, ore quae caput nostro Incolume abstuleris, Phaedr. 1, 8, 11.
      2. 2. Qui, with the subj., also follows dignus, indignus, aptus, idoneus, etc., answering the question, to or for what? dignus est, qui imperet, i. e. to, Cic. Leg. 3, 2, 5: dignum esse dicunt, quīcum in tenebris mices, id. Off. 3, 19, 77: socios haud indignos judicas, quos in fidem receptos tuearis, Liv. 23, 43: idoneus nemo fuit quem imitarere, Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 16, § 41.
      3. 3. Also after demonstrr. or clauses expressing or implying a quality or degree which is defined or explained in the rel.-clause: qui potest temperantiam laudare is, qui ponat summum bonum in voluptate? Cic. Off. 3, 33, 117: nullo modo videre potest quicquam esse utile, quod non honestum sit, id. ib. 3, 19, 77: non sumus ii, quibus nihil verum esse videatur, id. N. D. 1, 5, 12: nunc dicis aliquid quod ad rem pertineat, id. Rosc. Am. 18, 52: quis potest esse tam mente captus, qui neget? as that, that, to, id. Cat. 3, 9.
      4. 4. To express a purpose, design, in order that, to: sunt autem multi, qui eripiunt aliis, quod aliis largiantur, Cic. Off. 1, 14, 43: Caesar equitatum praemisit, qui viderent, Caes. B. G. 1, 15: domi creant decem praetores, qui exercitui praeessent, Nep. Milt. 1, 4.
    3. C. The rel. serves as a connective, instead of is, ea, id, with a conj.: res loquitur ipsa, quae semper valet plurimum, and this, Cic. Mil. 20, 53: ratio docet esse deos, quo concesso, confitendum est, etc., id. N. D. 2, 30, 75.
    4. D. The rel. sometimes means, by virtue of, according to, such: quae tua natura est, according to your disposition, Cic. Fam. 13, 78, 2: qui meus amor in te est, such is my love, id. ib. 7, 2, 1.
    5. E. In neutr. sing.
        1. a. Quod signifies,
      1. 1. As much as, as far as, what, = quantum: adjutabo quod potero, Ter. Heaut. 3, 1, 7: cura, quod potes, ut valeas, Cic. Fam. 14, 4, 6: quae tibi mandavi, velim ut cures, quod sine molestiā tuā facere poteris, id. Att. 1, 5, 7: tu tamen, quod poteris, nos consiliis juvabis, id. ib. 10, 2, 2; 11, 2, 2; 11, 12, 4; id. Fam. 3, 2, 2: nihil cuiquam, quod suum dici vellet, id. Verr. 2, 4, 16, § 36: (Epicurus) se unus, quod sciam, sapientem profiteri est ausus, id. Fin. 2, 3, 7: quod tuo commodo fiat, id. Fam 4, 2, 4: quod litteris exstet, id. Tusc. 1, 16, 38: quod sciam, Plaut. Ps. 4, 6, 14: quod ad me attinet, as far as depends on me, for my part, Cic. Rosc. Am. 42, 122.
        With ellips. of attinet: quod ad Caesarem crebri et non belli de eo rumores, Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 1, 4; Cic. Q. Fr. 3, 1, 3, § 7; Varr. L. L. 5, § 57 Müll.
        With gen.: quod operae, so much trouble, Cic. Off. 1, 6, 19: quod aeris, Liv. 8, 20.
      2. 2. Wherein: si quid est, Quod mea opera opus sit vobis, Ter. And. 4, 3, 23.
        1. b. Quo, abl. neutr., with compp. (with or without hoc, eo, or tanto): quo … eo, by how much, by so much, the … the: quo difficilius, hoc praeclarius, Cic. Off. 1, 19, 64.
  3. III. Indef., any one, any; with si, num, ne, v. quis: quaeritur, num quod officium aliud alio majus sit, Cic. Off. 1, 3, 7: si qui graviore vulnere accepto equo deciderat, Caes. B. G. 1, 48: nisi si qui publice ad eam rem constitutus esset, Cic. Leg. 2, 26, 65: (BACANALIA) SEI QVA SVNT, S. C. de Bacchan.: ne qui forte putet, Cic. de Or. 1, 2, 8.

2. quī, adv. interrog., rel. and indef. [old abl. of 1. qui].

  1. I. Interrog., in what manner? how? whereby? by what means? why?
    1. A. In direct questions: quī minus eadem histrioni sit lex quae summo viro? Plaut. Am. prol. 76: Quī, amabo? id. Bacch. 1, 1, 19: quī scire possum? id. ib. 2, 2, 13: Quī in mentem venit tibi istuc facinus facere? id. ib. 4, 4, 31: Quī non? id. ib. 5, 2, 44: quī vero dupliciter? id. Mil. 2, 3, 25: quī vero? id. Merc. 2, 3, 60: quī scis? Ter. And. 2, 1, 2: quī istuc facere potuit? id. Eun. 4, 3, 15: quī potui melius? id. Ad. 2, 2, 7: sed nos deum nisi sempiternum intellegere quī possumus? Cic. N. D. 1, 10, 25: quī potest esse in ejusmodi trunco sapientia? id. ib. 1, 30, 84: quī potest? id. Ac. 2, 31, 100: quī ego minus in Africam traicerem, Liv. 28, 43, 18.
    2. B. In indirect questions: nimis demiror, quī illaec me donatum esse aureā paterā sciat, Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 133: quī istuc credam ita esse, mihi dici velim, Ter. Phorm. 5, 6, 15: nec quī hoc mihi eveniat scio, id. Hec. 2, 3, 6: neque videre, quī conveniat, Liv. 42, 50.
    3. C. In curses (cf. Gr. πῶς, and Lat. utinam), how, would that, if but: quī illum di deaeque magno mactassint malo, Enn. ap. Non. 342, 14 (Trag. Rel. v. 377 Vahl.): quī te Juppiter dique omnes perduint! Plaut. Men. 5, 5, 31: quī istum di perdant! id. Trin. 4, 2, 78: quī te di omnes perdant! id. ib. 4, 2, 155; Ter. Phorm. 1, 2, 73.
      Ellipt.: quī illi di irati! Cic. Att. 4, 7, 1.
  2. II. Rel., wherewith, whereby, wherefrom, how (referring to all genders and both numbers).
      1. 1. In gen.: date ferrum, quī me animā privem, Enn. ap. Non. p. 474, 30 (Trag. Rel. v. 233 Vahl.): patera, quī Pterela potitare rex est solitus, Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 104; 1, 3, 37: sucophantia, quī admutiletur miles, id. Mil. 3, 1, 172; id. Capt. 1, 1, 33; 3, 4, 24: mihi dari … vehicla quī vehar, id. Aul. 3, 5, 28: multa concurrunt simul, Quī conjecturam hanc facio, Ter. And. 3, 2, 32: in tantā paupertate decessit, ut quī efferretur, vix reliquerit, Nep. Arist. 3, 2.
      2. 2. Esp., of price, at what price, for how much, = quanti: indica minumo daturus quī sis, quī duci queat, Plaut. Pers. 4, 4, 41: quī datur, tanti indica, id. ib. 4, 4, 109: ut quantum possit quīque liceat veneant, id. Men. 3, 3, 25.
    1. B. Transf., that, in order that: Ca. Restim volo mihi emere. Ps. Quam ob rem? Ca. Quī me faciam pensilem, Plaut. Ps. 1, 1, 87: ut det, quī fiamus liberi, id. Aul. 2, 4, 31: facite, fingite, invenite, efficite, quī detur tibi: Ego id agam, mihi quī ne detur, Ter. And. 2, 1, 34 sq.
    2. C. Indef. (only with particles of emphasis and assurance; cf. Gr. πώς, and v. Fleck. Krit. Misc. p. 28; Lorenz ad Plaut. Most. 811; Brix ad Plaut. Capt. 550), in some way, somehow, surely (ante-class.); with hercle: hercle quī, ut tu praedicas, Cavendumst me aps te irato, Plaut. Ps. 1, 5, 58: hercle quī multo improbiores sunt, quam a primo credidi, id. Most. 3, 2, 139: hercle quī aequom postulabat senex, id. Stich. 4, 1, 53; id. Men. 2, 3, 74.
      With edepol: edepol quī te de isto multi cupiunt nunc mentirier, Plaut. Mil. 3, 1, 184: edepol quī quom hanc magis contemplo, magis placet, id. Pers. 4, 4, 15; id. Am. 2, 2, 144.
      With at (cf. atquī), and yet, but somehow: Gr. Non audio. Tr. At pol quī audies, Plaut. Rud. 4, 3, 9; id. Am. 2, 2, 73.
      With quippe: horum tibi istic nihil eveniet, quippe quī ubi quod subripias nihil est, Plaut. Aul. 2, 5, 22: ea nimiast ratio, quippe quī certo scio, etc., id. Truc. 1, 1, 49: quippe quī Magnarum saepe id remedium aegritudinumst, Ter. Heaut. 3, 2, 27.
      With ut: an id est sapere, ut quī beneficium a benevolente repudies? Plaut. Trin. 3, 2, 11: et eum morbum mi esse, ut quī med opus sit insputarier? id. Capt. 3, 4, 21; id. Bacch. 2, 3, 49.

1. quis, quid (old nom. plur. QVES, S. C. Bacch.), pron. interrog. [Sanscr. kis, in nakis = nemo; Gr. τίς], who? which? what? what man? (while qui, quae, quod, interrog. is used adject.; for exceptions, v. qui and infra.
Quis is properly used only of more than two; uter, which of two? v. infra).

  1. I. Masc. and fem. quis; lit.,
    1. A. As subst., in a direct question.
      1. 1. Of males: unde es? cujus es? whose are you? to whom do you belong? Plaut. Truc. 2, 7, 44: Da. Quis homo est? Pa. Ego sum Pamphilus, who is there? Ter. And. 5, 6, 1: quis clarior in Graeciā Themistocle? quis potentior? Cic. Lael. 12, 42; id. de Or. 3, 34, 137: quis Dionem doctrinis omnibus expolivit? non Plato? id. ib. 3, 34, 139.
      2. 2. Quis, of females, as subst. and adj. (ante- and post-class.): et quis illaec est, quae? etc., Enn. ap. Non. 198, 3 (Trag. v. 133 Vahl.): quis tu es mulier, quae? etc., Pac. ap. Non. 197, 33; cf. Varr. L. L. 6, § 60 Müll.: quis ea est, quam? etc., who is she? Plaut. Aul. 2, 1, 48: quis haec est? id. Pers. 2, 2, 18: quis illaec est mulier, quae? etc., id. Ep. 4, 1, 6: sed haec quis mulier est? id. Truc. 1, 1, 76: quis nostrarum fuit, Caecil. ap. Gell. 2, 23: quis haec est simia? Afran. ap. Charis. 1, p. 84.
    2. B. As adj.
      1. 1. Absol., what? i. e. what sort of a person or thing? quis videor? Cha. Miser aeque atque ego, in what state or condition do I seem? what do you think of me now? Ter. And. 4, 2, 19: quis ego sum? aut quae in me est facultas? Cic. Lael. 5, 17.
      2. 2. With nouns.
          1. (α) With words denoting a person (class.): quis eum senator appellavit, Cic. Cat. 2, 6, 12: quis gracilis puer, Hor. C. 1, 5, 1.
          2. (β) In gen. (in Cic. only before a vowel, for qui): quis color, Verg. G. 2, 178: quisve locus, Liv. 5, 40: quod caedis initium? quis finis? Tac. A. 1, 48: quis esset tantus fructus? Cic. Lael. 6, 22.
  2. II. In neutr.
    1. A. Lit.
      1. 1. In simple constr.: quid dicam de moribus facillimis, Cic. Lael. 3, 11: quid est judicium corrumpere, si hoc non est? what is bribing the court, if this be not? id. Verr. 1, 10, 28: quid ais? quid tibi nomen est? Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 208.
      2. 2. With gen. partit., what? i. e. what sort of? what kind of a? quid mulieris Uxorem habes? what sort of a woman have you for a wife? Ter. Hec. 4, 4, 21: quid illuc est hominum secundum litus? what is that knot of people? Plaut. Rud. 1, 2, 60: quid caelati argenti, quid stragulae vestis, quid pictarum tabularum … apud illum putatis esse? Cic. Rosc. Am. 46, 133; cf. esp.: hoc enim, quis homo sit, ostendere est, non quid homo sit, dicere, i. e. to point out an individual, not to define a class, Gell. 4, 1, 12.
      3. 3. Esp. in phrase quid dico? what do I say? in correcting or strengthening the speaker’s own expression: Romae a. d. XIIII. Kal. volumus esse. Quid dico? Volumus? Immo vero cogimur, Cic. Att. 4, 13, 1; id. Fam. 5, 15, 2; id. Mil. 28, 76; id. de Or. 2, 90, 365; id. Lig. 9, 26.
    2. B. Transf.
      1. 1. Quid? how? why? wherefore? quid? tu me hoc tibi mandasse existimas, ut? etc., Cic. Fam. 2, 8, 1: quid hoc? id. Tusc. 1, 11, 25: quid? eundem nonne destituisti? id. Phil. 2, 38, 99: eloquere, quid venisti? why? wherefore? Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 221: sed quid ego argumentor? quid plura disputo? Cic. Mil. 16, 44.
      2. 2. In quid? wherefore? for what? Sen. Ben. 4, 13, 3.
      3. 3. Quid, with particles: quid, quod? what shall be said to this, that? how is it that? and furthermore, moreover, Cic. Sen. 23, 83; id. Off. 3, 25, 94; id. Ac. 2, 29, 95 et saep.: quid ita? why so? id. N. D. 1, 35, 99: quid ni, also in one word, quidni? why not? (in rhet. questions, while cur non expects an answer); always with subj., Ter. Heaut. 5, 1, 34; Cic. de Or. 2, 67, 73; Sen. Tranq. 9, 3; id. Ira, 1, 6, 1; cf. separated: quid ego ni teneam? Plaut. Ps. 2, 2, 57; Ter. Ad. 4, 5, 28; and pleonastically: quid ni non, Sen. Ep. 52: quid si? how if? Caecin. ap. Cic. Fam. 6, 7, 4: quid si illud addimus, Cic. Lael. 14, 50: quid tum? what then? how then? id. Tusc. 2, 11, 26; Verg. A. 4, 543; id. E. 10, 38; Hor. S. 2, 3, 230: quid ergo, ironically, Caes. B. G. 7, 77; Cic. Fam. 9, 15, 14: quid enim, id. Fin. 2, 19, 62; Liv. 20, 9.
  3. III. In indirect discourse: quis sim, ex eo quem ad te misi, cognosces, Sall. C. 44, 5: rogitat quis vir esset, Liv. 1, 7, 9: videbis, quid et quo modo, Cic. Att. 11, 21, 1: quis quem, who … whom? who … the other? considera, quis quem fraudasse dicatur, who is said to have defrauded whom? id. Rosc. Com. 7, 21: quos autem numeros cum quibus misceri oporteat, nunc dicendum est, what … with what? id. Or. 58, 196: notatum in sermone, quid quo modo caderet, Quint. 1, 6, 16.
    Quid with gen.: exponam vobis breviter, quid hominis sit, what sort of a man he is, Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 54, § 134: sciturum, quid ejus sit, what there is in it, how much of it may be true, id. Att. 16, 4, 3.
    Rarely for uter, which of two, whether: incerti quae pars sequenda esset, Liv. 21, 39, 6: proelia de occupando ponte crebra erant, nec qui potirentur, satis discerni poterat, id. 7, 9, 7: ut dii legerent, qui nomen novae urbi daret, id. 1, 6, 4 Weissenb. ad loc.; id. 1, 24, 3; 9, 45, 8; 10, 12, 5; cf.: validior per Germaniam exercitus, propior aput Pannoniam; quos igitur anteferret? Tac. A. 1, 47.

2. quis, quid, pron. indef.

  1. I. As subst.
    1. A. Alone, any one, any body, any thing; some one, somebody, something: aperite, heus! Simoni me adesse, quis nunciate, Plaut. Ps. 5, 1, 37: simplicior quis, et est, etc., Hor. S. 1, 3, 63: quantum quis damni professus erat, Tac. A. 2, 26: quanto quis clarior, id. H. 3, 58: injuriam cui facere, Cic. Fin. 3, 21, 71.
    2. B. In connection with si, ne, nisi, cum: si te in judicium quis adducat, Cic. Phil. 2, 14, 35: ne cui falso assentiamur, id. Fin. 3, 21, 72: si tecum agas quid, id. Off. 1, 2, 4: si quid in te peccavi ignosce, id. Att. 3, 15, 4: si quis quid de re publicā rumore acceperit, Caes. B. G. 6, 20: si quo usui esse posset, Liv. 40, 26, 8: ne quid nimis, Ter. And. 1, 1, 34: nisi quid existimas, etc., Cic. Fam. 13, 73, 2: neve quis invitam cogeret esse suam, Prop. 1, 3, 30: cum quid, Col. 4, 25.
  2. II. As adj.: jam quis forsitan hostis Haesura in nostro tela gerit latere, Tib. 1, 10, 13.