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impācātus (inp-), a, um, adj. [2. inpacatus], not peaceable, unquiet (poet. and in post-Aug. prose): aut impacatos a tergo horrebis Iberos, warlike, plundering, Verg. G. 3, 408: fortuna, Stat. S. 5, 1, 137: quies alti pelagi, Claud. in. Ruf. 1, 70: vita, Sen. de Ira, 3, 27 fin.: odia, Claud. in. Eutr. 2, 212.

impācĭfĭcus, a, um, adj. [in-pax-facio], not peaceful, not inclined to peace, Ambros. in Psa. 43, § 12.

* impactĭo (inp-), ōnis, f. [impingo], a striking against, concussion, impact: nubium, Sen. Q. N. 2, 12 fin.

impactus, a, um, Part., from impingo.

impaene, v. impunis, II.

* impaenĭtendus (inp-), a, um, adj. [2. in-paenitet], not to be repented of: pauperies, App. M. 11, p. 271.

impaenĭtens (inp-), entis, adj. [2. inpaenitens], not repenting, impenitent (late Lat.): cor, Hier. in. Iesai. 12, 40, 27; Vulg. Rom. 2, 5.

impaenĭtentĭa (inp-), ae, f. [2. inpaenitentia], impenitence (late Lat.), Hier. in. Iesai. 18, 65, 23.

impaenītus (inp-), v. impunitus.

impāges (inp-), is, f. [in-pag, pango; analogous with compages], the border or frame-work which surrounds the panel of a door, Vitr. 4, 6; cf.: impages dicuntur quae a fabris in tabulis figuntur, quo firmius cohaereant, a pangendo, id est figere, Paul. ex Fest. p. 108 Müll.

impallesco (inp-), lŭi, 3, v. inch. n. [in-pallesco], to grow or turn pale in or at any thing (post-Aug.): nocturnis chartis, Pers. 5, 62: eventu impalluit ipse secundo, Stat. Th. 6, 805.

impalpĕbrātĭo (inp-), ōnis, f. [2. inpalpebrae], loss of motion in the eyelids, Cael. Aur. Tard. 2, 5, 87.

impar (inp-), ăris (abl. sing. impari; but, metri grat., impare, Verg. E. 8, 75; id. Cir. 372; gen. plur. imparium, Cels. 3, 4 al.), adj. [2. in-par], uneven, unequal, dissimilar in number or quality (cf. dispar, dissimilis).

  1. I. In gen. (class.): stellarum numerus par an impar sit, nescitur, Cic. Ac. 2, 10, 32: congressus impari numero, Caes. B. C. 1, 40, 6; 1, 47, 3: numero deus impare gaudet, Verg. E. 8, 75 Serv.; cf.: imparem numerum antiqui prosperiorem hominibus esse crediderunt, Paul. ex Fest. p. 109 Müll.: (sonus) intervallis conjunctus imparibus, Cic. Rep. 6, 18; cf. Lucr. 5, 683: qui Musas amat impares, Hor. C. 3, 19, 13: imparibus carmina facta modis, i. e. hexameters and pentameters, Ov. Tr. 2, 220: impares tibiae numero foraminum discretae, Paul. ex Fest. p. 109 Müll.: ludere par impar, even or odd, Hor. S. 2, 3, 248: mensae erat pes tertius impar: Testa parem fecit, Ov. M. 8, 662: formae atque animi, Hor. C. 1, 33, 11; cf. formae, id. S. 2, 2, 30: si toga dissidet impar, Rides, uneven, awry, id. Ep. 1, 1, 96: acer coloribus impar, i. e. partycolored, Ov. M. 10, 95: quos quidem ego ambo unice diligo: sed in Marco benevolentia impari, Cic. Fam. 5, 8, 4: leges, Quint. 7, 7, 6: ad exhortationem praecipue valent imparia, id. 5, 11, 10.
          1. (β) With dat.: nil fuit umquam sic impar sibi, Hor. S. 1, 3, 19.
  2. II. In partic. (with the accessory notion of smaller, inferior), unequal to, not a match for, unable to cope with a thing; inferior, weaker (so perh. not till after the Aug. period).
          1. (α) With dat.: Phthius Achilles, Ceteris major, tibi (Apollini) miles impar, Hor. C. 4, 6, 5; Suet. Dom. 10: derepente velut impar dolori congemuit, unable to support his grief, Suet. Tib. 23: muliebre corpus impar dolori, Tac. A. 15, 57; cf.: senex et levissimis quoque curis impar, id. ib. 14, 54: Pygmaeus bellator impar hosti, Juv. 13, 169: optimatium conspirationi, Suet. Caes. 15: militum ardori, id. Oth. 9: bello, Tac. H. 1, 74: sumptui, Dig. 3, 5, 9: impar tantis honoribus, Suet. Tib. 67.
          2. (β) With abl. specif. (not ante-Aug.): sed viribus impar, Ov. M. 5, 610; cf.: par audaciā Romanus, consilio et viribus impar, Liv. 27, 1, 7: omni parte virium impar, id. 22, 15, 9: nec facies impar nobilitate fuit, Ov. F. 4, 306: Batavi impares numero, Tac. H. 4, 20: obsessi et impares et aqua ciboque defecti, Quint. 3, 8, 23.
          3. (γ) Absol.: juncta impari, to an inferior in rank, Liv. 6, 34, 9; cf.: pater consularis, avus praetorius, maternum genus impar, Tac. H. 2, 50: Julia Tiberium spreverat ut imparem, not her equal in birth, id. ib. 1, 53: simul odiorum invidiaeque erga Fabium Valentem admonebatur, ut inpar apud Vitellium gratiam viresque apud novum principem pararet, id. ib. 2, 99.
    1. B. Inequitable, unjust: videbam quam inpar esset sors, cum ille vobis bellum pararet, vos ei securam pacem praestaretis, Liv. 42, 13, 5.
    2. C. Poet. transf., unequal, i. e. beyond one’s strength, which one is not a match for: judice sub Tmolo certamen venit ad impar, to the unequal strife, Ov. M. 11, 156: pugna, Verg. A. 12, 216; cf.: imparibus certare, Hor. Epod. 11, 18.
          1. (β) With inf.: magnum opus et tangi nisi cura vincitur impar, Grat. Cyn. 61.
            * Adv.: impărĭter, unequally: versibus impariter junctis, i. e. in hexameters and pentameters, Hor. A. P. 75.

* impărātĭo (inp-), ōnis, f. [2. inparo], indigestion: stomachi, Marc. Emp. 20 med.

impărātus (inp-), a, um, adj. [2. inparatus], not ready, unprepared, unprovided, unfurnished (class.): ut ne imparatus sim, si adveniat Phormio, Ter. Phorm. 2, 1, 84; cf. id. And. 3, 1, 20; id. Phorm. 1, 4, 2: (Antonius) imparatus semper aggredi ad dicendum videbatur: sed ita erat paratus, ut, etc., Cic. Brut. 37, 139: quamquam paratus in imparatos Clodius inciderat, id. Mil. 21, 56: inermem atque imparatum adoriuntur, id. Sest. 37, 79: ut in ipsum incautum atque etiam imparatum incideret, Caes. B. G. 6, 30, 2: imparati cum a militibus, tum a pecunia, Cic. Att. 7, 15, 3: inops ipse rerum omnium atque imparatus, Suet. Caes. 35: breve tempus longum est imparatis, Cic. Phil. 3, 1, 2: istae facient hanc rem mihi ex parata imparatam, Plaut. Cas. 4, 4, 8.
Sup.: omnibus rebus imparatissimus, Caes. B. C. 1, 30 fin.

imparcenter, adv. [in-parcus], relentlessly, unsparingly: cuncta perdit, Hilar. in Job, 1, 76: Samson in mortem tradidit, id. ib. p. 90.

‡ impārentem non parentem hoc est obedientem, Paul. ex Fest. p. 109 Müll.

(impārentĭa or impārĭentĭa, false read. for impatientia, Gell. 1, 13, 3.)

impărĭlis (inp-), e, adj. [2. in-parilis], unequal, unlike, different (post-class.): aevum, Aur. Vict. Caes. 14, 9.
Hence, adv.: impărĭlĭter, unequally, Aug. Quest. ap. Hept. 2, 177, 3.

impărĭlĭtas (inp-), ātis, f. [imparilis],

  1. I. inequality, difference (very rare): imparilitas haec turbat observationem omnisque ratio disciplinae confunditur, lack of correspondence between the situations of the stars and the varied fates of men, Nigid. ap. Gell. 14, 1, 22.
  2. II. Gram. t. t.: soloecismus Latino vocabulo a Sinnio Capitone ejusdemque aetatis aliis imparilitas appellatus, Gell. 5, 20, 1.

impărĭter, adv., v. impar fin.

impartĭbĭlis (inp-), e, adj. [2. in-partibilis], indivisible: deus, Claud. Mam. Stat. An. 3, 3.

impartĭo, īre, v. impertio.

impascor (inp-), sci, v. pass. [in-pasco], to feed or be pastured in a place (postAug.): loca, quibus nullum impascitur pecus, Col. 6, 5, 2; 2, 17, 1.

impassĭbĭlis (inp-), e, adj. [2. in-passibilis], incapable of passion, passionless (eccl. Lat.): deus, Lact. 1, 3, 23; Tert. Apol. 10; Prud. Apoth. 84.
Adv.: impassĭbĭ-lĭter, without passion, Cassiod. Hist. Eccl. 3, 20; 5, 34.

impassĭbĭlĭtas (inp-), ātis, f. [impassibilis], incapacity for suffering; a transl. of the Gr. ἀπάθεια, Hier. Ep. 133, 3.

impassĭbĭlĭter (inp-), adv., v. impassibilis fin.

impastus (inp-), a, um, adj. [2. inpastus], unfed, hungry (poet.): leo, Verg. A. 9, 339: volucres, Luc. 6, 628.

impătĭbĭlis, v. impetibilis.

impătĭens (inp-), entis, adj. [2. inpatiens].

  1. I. That cannot bear, will not endure or suffer, impatient of any thing (not ante-Aug.; cf. intolerans).
    1. A. Of living beings; usu. constr. with gen.; rarely with inf. or absol.
          1. (α) With gen.: viae, Ov. M. 6, 322; cf.: miles impatiens solis, pulveris, tempestatum, Tac. H. 2, 99: vulneris, Verg. A. 11, 639: morbi, Suet. Gramm. 3: morae, Sil. 8, 4; Suet. Calig. 51; cf.: aeger morā et spei impatiens, Tac. H. 2, 40: maeroris, Suet. Calig. 24: longioris sollicitudinis, id. Oth. 9: discidii, id. Dom. 9: veritatis, Curt. 3, 2, 17 et saep.: impatiens expersque viri, not enduring, avoiding, fleeing, Ov. M. 1, 479: viri, id. F. 6, 288: Nympharum, id. M. 4, 260: quasi ab impatientibus remediorum, Suet. Tib. 59: somni, Val. Fl. 1, 296: morarum, Amm. 28, 1, 9: superioris, Quint. 11, 1, 16.
            Poet.: irae, impatient in his wrath, i. e. ungovernably furious, Ov. M. 13, 3; cf.: Galli flagrantes ira, cujus impatiens gens est, Liv. 5, 38.
            Sup.: sues ex omnibus pecudibus impatientissimae famis sunt, Col. 7, 11, 3: Marius quietis impatientissimus, Vell. 2, 23, 1.
          2. (β) With inf.: cohibere furorem, Sil. 11, 98: nescire torum, Claud. Rapt. Pros. 1, 35.
          3. (γ) Absol.: nihil est impatientius imperitia, Macr. S. 7, 5 fin.: impatientissima sollicitudo, Gell. 12, 1, 22.
    2. B. Of things: corpus laborum impatiens, Ov. Tr. 5, 2, 4: cera impatiens caloris, id. A. A. 2, 60: aesculus umoris, Plin. 16, 40, 79, § 219: caulis vetustatis, id. 21, 16, 57, § 97: navis gubernaculi, Curt. 9, 4; 11: terra hominum, Luc. 7, 866; cf.: solum Cereris, id. 9, 857: mammae lactis, i. e. that cannot restrain their milk, Plin. 23, 2, 32, § 67.
      Sup.: pisum impatientissimum frigorum, Plin. 18, 12, 31, § 123.
  2. II. That does not feel or suffer, insensible, apathetic (post-Aug. and very rare), Lact. 5, 22, 5.
    Esp., philos. t. t., of the Stoics, free from sensibility, without feeling: Epicurus et hi, quibus summum bonum visum est animus impatiens, Sen. Ep. 9, 1.
    Hence, adv.: impătĭenter, impatiently, unwillingly (post-Aug.): amavi juvenem tam ardenter quam nunc impatienter requiro, Plin. Ep. 2, 7, 6: indoluit, Tac. A. 4, 17.
    Comp., Plin. Ep. 6, 1, 1; Just. 12, 15, 3.
    Sup., Plin. Ep. 9, 22, 2.

impătĭenter (inp-), adv., v. impatiens fin.

impătĭentĭa (inp-), ae, f. [impatiens].

  1. I. Unwillingness or inability to bear any thing, want of endurance, impatience (post-Aug.).
          1. (α) With gen.: nauseae, Suet. Calig. 23 fin.: frigorum, Plin. 11, 23, 27, § 77: aetas extrema, fessa mente, retinet silentii impatientiam, Tac. A. 4, 52: caritatis, id. ib. 13, 21: Veneris, i. e. impatience, App. M. 2, p. 121.
          2. (β) Absol.: ne ipse visendo ejus tormenta ad impatientiam dilaberetur, Tac. A. 15, 63: culpa impatientiae, Gell. 1, 13, 3.
  2. II. Insensibility, impassibility, apathy, as a transl. of the Gr. ἀπάθεια, Sen. Ep. 9, 1.

impausābĭlis (inp-), e, adj. [2. inpausa], unceasing, incessant: Ἀληκτὼ Graece impausabilis dicitur, Fulg. Myth. 1, 6.
Adv.: impausābĭlĭter, unceasingly: sumere cibum, without ceasing, Cael. Aur. Tard. 3, 2, 20.

impăvĭdē (inp-), adv., v. impavidus fin.

impăvĭdus (inp-), a, um, adj. [2. inpavidus], fearless, undaunted, intrepid (not freq. till after the Aug. per.; not in Cic. or Cæs.): ludere pendentes pueros et lambere matrem Impavidos, Verg. A. 8, 633: si fractus illabatur orbis, Impavidum ferient ruinae, Hor. C. 3, 3, 7: Teucer et Sthenelus, id. ib. 1, 15, 23: Gradivus, Ov. M. 14, 820: infantes, Plin. 28, 19, 78, § 258; 2, 81, 83, § 196: leo, Verg. A. 12, 8: lepus, Ov. M. 15, 100: pectora, Liv. 21, 30, 2: equi, id. 37, 20, 11: gens ingenio, id. 42, 59, 2; Curt. 9, 6, 24: soni, Ov. F. 2, 840.
Adv.: impăvĭdē, fearlessly, intrepidly: exhausto poculo, Liv. 39, 50, 8; 30, 15, 8.

* impeccābĭlis (inp-), e, adj. [2. inpecco], faultless, sinless, impeccable, Gell. 17, 19, 6.

impeccantĭa (inp-), ae, f. [2. inpecco], faultlessness, sinlessness (eccl. Lat.), Hier. adv. Pelag. 1, 25; 3, 4 et saep.

impĕdātĭo (inp-), ōnis, f. [impedo], a propping, supporting with props, Col. 4, 13, 1.

* impĕdĭco (inp-), āre, v. a. [in-pedica], to catch, entangle: cassibus, Amm. 30, 4, 18.

impĕdīmentum (inp-), i (archaic form ‡ impelimenta impedimenta dicebant, Paul. ex Fest. p. 108 Müll.; cf. the letter D), n. [impedio], that by which one is entangled or impeded, a hinderance, impediment (freq. and class.; cf.: obstaculum, difficultas).

  1. I. In gen.: compeditos primo aegre ferre onera et impedimenta crurum, Sen. Tranq. 10: Demosthenes impedimenta naturae diligentia industriaque superavit, Cic. de Or. 1, 61, 260: moram atque impedimentum alicui inferre, id. Inv. 1, 9, 12: afferre, Tac. A. 15, 9: legitimum, Cic. Agr. 2, 9, 24: leve, id. Rep. 1, 3: impedimentum magis quam auxilium, Liv. 9, 19, 5: epistulam jam recepisse te colligo, nam festinanti tabellario dedi: nisi quid impedimenti in via passus est, hinderance, delay, Plin. Ep. 2, 12, 6: esse impedimenti loco, Caes. B. C. 3, 17, 4: ad dicendum impedimento esse, Cic. Rosc. Am. 51, 149; so, with ad, Curt. 4, 2, 15; so, impedimento esse, Plaut. Cas. prol. 61; Ter. And. 4, 2, 24; Cic. Rosc. Am. 4, 9; Quint. 5, 14, 35; 5, 10, 123; 7 praef. § 2 et saep.; cf.: Gallis magno ad pugnam erat impedimento, quod, etc., Caes. B. G. 1, 25, 3; Quint. 2, 5, 2: quae dictatori religio impedimento ad rem gerendam fuerit, Liv. 8, 32, 5.
  2. II. In partic., plur. impedimenta; concr., travelling equipage, luggage; and esp. in milit. lang., the baggage of an army (including the beasts of burden and their drivers; cf. sarcinae): nullis impedimentis, nullis Graecis comitibus (opp. magno et impedito comitatu), Cic. Mil. 10, 28: ad impedimenta et carros suos se contulerunt … Ad multam noctem etiam ad impedimenta pugnatum est … impedimentis castrisque nostri potiti sunt, Caes. B. G. 1, 26: impedimenta in unum locum contulerunt, id. ib. 1, 24 fin.: impedimentis direptis, etc., id. ib. 2, 17, 2; 2, 24, 3 et saep.: prima luce magnum numerum impedimentorum ex castris mulorumque produci eque iis stramenta detrahi jubet, pack-horses, id. ib. 7, 45, 2: interfectis omnibus impedimentis ad pugnam descendit, Front. Strat. 2, 1; Veg. Mil. 3, 6.

impĕdĭo (inp-), īvi or ĭi, ītum, 4 (in tmesi: inque peditur, inque pediri, inque peditus, etc., Lucr. 6, 394; 3, 484; 4, 562; 1149), v. a. [in-pes; cf. compedes; lit., to entangle the feet; hence, in gen.], to entangle, ensnare, to shackle, hamper, hinder, hold fast (cf.: praepedio, implico, illigo, irretio, illaqueo).

  1. I. Lit. (rare): impediunt teneros vincula nulla pedes, Ov. F. 1, 410; cf.: et illis crura quoque impediit, id. M. 12, 392: ipsus illic sese jam impedivit in plagas, Plaut. Mil. 4, 9, 11: in qua (silva) retentis impeditus (cervus) cornibus, Phaedr. 1, 12, 10: impedita cassibus dama, Mart. 3, 58, 28; cf.: reti impedit Pisces, ensnares, Plaut. Truc. 1, 1, 17; Veg. Vet. 1, 10.
    1. B. Transf., in gen., to clasp, encircle, embrace (mostly poet.): narrare parantem Impedit amplexu, Ov. M. 2, 433: nunc decet aut viridi nitidum caput impedire myrto Aut flore, Hor. C. 1, 4, 9: crines (vitta), Tib. 1, 6, 67; Ov. Am. 3, 6, 56: cornua sertis, id. M. 2, 868: remos (hederae), id. ib. 3, 664: medium crus pellibus, Hor. S. 1, 6, 27: equos frenis, to bridle, Ov. F. 2, 736: ingentem clipeum informant … septenosque orbibus orbes Impediunt, surround, encircle each other, Verg. A. 8, 447: orbes orbibus, id. ib. 5, 585: plana novo munimenti genere (with saepire), Curt. 6, 5; cf.: Antiochus, castris positis, munitionibus insuper saltum impediebat, rendered difficult of access, Liv. 36, 16, 1.
  2. II. Trop.
    1. A. To entangle, embarrass (class.): impeditum in ea (re amatoria) expedivi animum meum, Ter. Hec. 3, 1, 17; cf.: sapientis est, cum stultitia sua impeditus sit, quoquo modo possit se expedire, Cic. Rab. Post. 9, 24: ipse te impedies, ipse tua defensione implicabere, id. Verr. 2, 2, 18, § 44: qui me et se hisce impedivit nuptiis, Ter. Phorm. 2, 4, 2: dum alios servat, se impedivit interim, Plaut. Rud. prol. 37: tot me impediunt curae, Ter. And. 1, 5, 25: mentem dolore, Cic. Cael. 24, 60.
    2. B. Transf. (causa pro effectu), to hinder, detain, obstruct, check, prevent, impede (so most freq.; cf.: inhibeo, prohibeo, interdico, veto); constr. with acc., ab, in aliqua re, or the simple abl., ne, quin, quominus, the inf., or absol.; very rarely with dat.
          1. (α) With the simple acc.: me quotidie aliud ex alio impedit: sed si me expediero, etc., Cic. Fam. 9, 19, 2: suis studiis sic impediuntur, ut, etc. … discendi enim studio impediti, id. Off. 1, 9, 28; cf.: aetate et morbo impeditus, id. Verr. 2, 3, 25, § 63: religione impediri, Sulp. ap. Cic. Fam. 4, 12, 3: ne forte qua re impediar atque alliger, Cic. Att. 8, 16, 1.
            With inanim: or abstr. objects: sinistra impedita, Caes. B. G. 1, 25, 3: mea dubitatio aut impedire profectionem meam videbatur aut certe tardare, Cic. Fam. 7, 5, 1: iter, id. Lael. 20, 75: navigationem (Corus), Caes. B. G. 5, 7, 3: magnas utilitates amicorum, Cic. Lael. 20, 75: res magnas, id. ib.; cf.: belli rationem prope jam explicatam perturbare atque impedire, id. Prov. Cons. 14, 35 fin.: quod si corporis gravioribus morbis vitae jucunditas impeditur; quanto magis animi morbis impediri necesse est? id. Fin. 1, 18, 59.
          2. (β) With ab or in aliqua re or the simple abl.: sibi non fuisse dubium, a re publica bene gerenda impediri, Cic. Balb. 20, 47; cf.: ab delectatione omni negotiis impedimur, id. Mur. 19, 39; so, aliquem a suo munere, id. Rep. 5, 3: aliquem ab opere, Plin. 10, 63, 83, § 180: aliquem a vero bonoque, Sall. J. 30, 2: non oportere sese a populo Romano in suo jure impediri, Caes. B. G. 1, 36, 2: quem dignitas fugā impediverat, Tac. A. 1, 39.
          3. (γ) With ne, quin, quominus.
            With ne: id in hac disputatione de fato casus quidam, ne facerem, impedivit, Cic. Fat. 1, 1; id. Sull. 33, 92.
            With quin: ut nulla re impedirer, quin, si vellem, mihi esset integrum, Cic. Att. 4, 2, 6; Auct. Her. 3, 1, 1.
            With quominus: nec aetas impedit, quominus agri colendi studia teneamus, Cic. de Sen. 17, 60; id. Fin. 1, 10, 33: quaerere, quae sit tanta formido, quae tot ac tantos viros impediat, quominus, etc., id. Rosc. Am. 2, 5; id. Fam. 3, 7, 3; 13, 5, 1; id. Att. 3, 22, 1; 13, 25, 2.
          4. (δ) With inf.: quid est igitur, quod me impediat ea quae probabilia mihi videantur sequi, quae contra, improbare? etc., Cic. Off. 2, 2, 8: me impedit pudor ab aliquo haec exquirere, id. de Or. 1, 35, 163: ne qua mora ignaros pubemque educere castris Impediat, Verg. A. 11, 21; Ov. P. 1, 1, 21.
            (ε) With dat. (in analogy to impedimento esse): novitati non impedit vetus consuetudo, is no hinderance, = obstat (cf. the context), Varr. L. L. 9, § 20 Müll.: inpediat tibi, ne, etc., Schol. Juv. 14, 49.
            (ξ) Absol.: omnia removentur, quae obstant et impediunt, Cic. Ac. 2, 7, 19: ut omnia quae impediant, vincat intentio, Quint. 10, 3, 28; 12, 10, 55: de rebus ipsis utere tuo judicio—nihil enim impedio, Cic. Off. 1, 1, 2; id. Rep. 1, 13: quem video, nisi rei publicae tempora impedient, Εὐπόριστον, id. Att. 7, 1, 7; cf. Quint. 12, 10, 55.
            Hence, impĕdītus (inp-), a, um, P. a., hindered, embarrassed, obstructed, encumbered, burdened, impeded.
    1. A. Of persons: neque nunc quomodo me expeditum ex impedito faciam, jam consilium placet, Plaut. Epid. 1, 1, 87: inermos armati, impeditos expediti interficiunt, encumbered with baggage, Sisenn. ap. Non. 58, 8; cf.: impeditis hostibus propter ea quae ferebant onera, Caes. B. G. 3, 19, 2: agmen, Liv. 43, 23, 1: itinere impediti, Caes. B. C. 3, 75, 3: nostri si ab illis initium transeundi (fluminis) fieret, ut impeditos aggrederentur, i. e. embarrassed with the difficulties of crossing, id. B. G. 2, 9, 1; 1, 12, 3; 2, 10, 2; 2, 23, 1 et saep.: malis domesticis impediti, Cic. Sest. 45, 97: viden me consiliis tuis miserum impeditum esse? Ter. And. 3, 5, 11.
      Comp.: quod, si durior accidisset casus, impeditiores fore videbantur, Auct. B. Alex. 14 fin.
    2. B. Of inanim. and abstr. things: hostem impedito atque iniquo loco tenetis, difficult of passage, Caes. B. G. 6, 8, 4; cf.: silvae, id. ib. 5, 21, 3: saltus impeditos gravis armis miles timere potest, Liv. 9, 19, 16: vineae nexu traducum, Tac. H. 2, 25: navigationem impeditam (esse) propter inscientiam locorum, troublesome, Caes. B. G. 3, 9, 4: impedito animo, i. e. engaged, busy, Cic. Leg. 1, 3, 8: omnium impeditis animis, Caes. B. G. 5, 7, 5: tempora rei publicae, Cic. Pis. 1, 3: dies tristi omine infames et impediti, Gell. 4, 9, 5: disceptatio, Liv. 37, 54, 7: oratio fit longa et impedita, Quint. 8, 6, 42: bellum (with arduum), Tac. A. 4, 46: cum victoribus nihil impeditum arbitrarentur, Caes. B. G. 2, 28, 1: tu rem impeditam et perditam restituas, intricate and hopeless, Ter. And. 3, 5, 13.
      Comp.: longius impeditioribus locis secuti, Caes. B. G. 3, 28 fin.; so, saltus artior et impeditior, Liv. 9, 2, 8; 7, 21, 8.
      Sup.: silvae undique impeditissimae, i. e. exceedingly difficult to pass, Hirt. B. G. 8, 18, 1: itinera, Caes. B. C. 3, 77, 2: quid horum non impeditissimum? vestitus an vehiculum an comes? exceedingly embarrassing, a great encumbrance, Cic. Mil. 20, 54.

impĕdītĭo (inp-), ōnis, f. [impedio], a hinderance, obstruction (rare but class.): sine impeditione praeterire, Vitr. 1, 5: animus in somniis liber est sensibus et omni impeditione curarum, etc., Cic. Div. 1, 51, 115; Arn. 2, 52.

* impĕdĭto (inp-), āre, v. freq. a. [impedio], to hinder, impede: numero, Stat. Th. 2, 590.

impĕdītor (inp-), ōris, m. [impedio], a hinderer, obstructer (late Lat.), Aug. Civ. Dei, 10, 10.

impedītus (inp-), a, um, Part. and P. a., from impedio.

* impĕdo (inp-), āre, v. a. [in-pedo], to prop or support: vineam, Col. 4, 16, 2.

‡ impĕlīmenta, v. impedimentum init.

impello (inp-), pŭli, pulsum, 3 (archaic inf. pres. pass. inpellier, Lucr. 6, 1060), v. a. [in-pello], to push, drive, or strike against a thing; to strike, reach.

  1. I. Lit.
    1. A. In gen. (mostly poet.): cavum conversa cuspide montem Impulit in latus, Verg. A. 1, 82: vocales impellere pollice chordas, to strike, Tib. 2, 5, 3; cf. Ov. M. 10, 145: aequora remis, id. ib. 3, 657; cf.: infidum remis marmor, Verg. G. 1, 254: impellunt animae lintea Thraciae, swell, Hor. C. 4, 12, 2: auras mugitibus, Ov. M. 3, 21; cf.: maternas aures Luctus, Verg. G. 4, 349: sensus, Lucr. 1, 303: colles canoris plausibus, Claud. Cons. Prob. et Olybr. 175: cui patuere Alpes saxa impellentia caelum, Sil. 11, 217: cum fretum non impulit Ister, does not strike, i. e. does not empty into, Luc. 5, 437: impulsum ab eo dextri pedis pollice, Suet. Calig. 57: subitus antennas impulit ignis, Juv. 12, 19.
    2. B. In partic., with the access. idea of motion, to drive forward, set in motion, urge on, impel (class.): biremes subjectis scutulis impulsas vectibus in interiorem partem transduxit, Caes. B. C. 3, 40, 4: (navem) triplici versu (remorum), Verg. A. 5, 119: puppim remis velisque, Sil. 1, 568: ratem (levis aura), Ov. M. 15, 697: currum, Val. Fl. 6, 6: equum calce, Sil. 7, 697; cf.: cornipedem planta, id. 2, 71: Zephyris primum impellentibus undas, Verg. G. 4, 305: fluctus (ventus), Petr. 114: aequor velis, Tac. A. 2, 23: praemissus eques postremos ac latera impulit, id. ib. 2, 17: utque impulit arma, i. e. brandished, flourished, Verg. A. 8, 3: remos, id. ib. 4, 594: sagittam nervo, to shoot, discharge, Ov. M. 11, 325: semen vehementius urinam impellit, drives down, promotes the discharge of, Plin. 24, 19, 118, § 180: praecipitantem igitur impellamus et perditum prosternamus, give a push to, Cic. Clu. 26, 70; Tac. A. 4, 22: procumbunt orni, nodosa impellitur ilex, is overthrown, thrown down, Luc. 3, 440: impulit aciem, forced to give way, broke, Liv. 9, 40, 9; cf.: hostem primo impetu impulit, id. 9, 27, 9: impulsis hostibus castra cepit, Vell. 2, 70, 1: impulit Vitellianos modica caede, Tac. H. 3, 16: quem (hostem) si inpellere maturasset, id. ib. 4, 34; 78 al.
      Designating the limit: in fugam atque in latebras impellere, Cic. Rab. Perd. 8, 22: se in vulnus, Vell. 2, 70 fin.: inque meos ferrum flammasque Penates Impulit, Ov. M. 12, 552: ferrum capulo tenus, Sil. 9, 382: (Aufidus) in aequora fluctus, id. 7, 482; 14, 429: jamque diem ad metas defessis Phoebus Olympo Impellebat equis, id. 11, 270.
  2. II. Trop.
    1. A. To move to a thing; to impel, incite, urge; esp., to instigate, stimulate, persuade (the predom. signif. in good prose); constr. usu. with aliquem in or ad aliquid and ut; less freq. with a terminal adverb, the inf., the simple acc., or absol.
          1. (α) Aliquem in aliquid: nisi eum di immortales in eam mentem impulissent, ut, etc., Cic. Mil. 33, 89: hic in fraudem homines impulit, id. Pis. 1, 1; id. Lael. 24, 89; and: in fraudem impulsus, id. Deiot. 12, 32: in sermonem, id. de Or. 2, 89, 363: in plurimas animum audientium species impellere, Quint. 12, 10, 43.
          2. (β) Aliquem ad aliquid (so most freq.): ad quam quemque artem putabat esse aptum, ad eam impellere atque hortari solebat, Cic. de Or. 1, 28, 126: ad veterum annalium memoriam comprehendendam impulsi atque incensi, id. Brut. 5, 19: facile ad credendum, id. Rep. 2, 10: aliquos ad omne facinus, id. ib. 6, 1: ad maleficium, Auct. Her. 2, 21, 34: ad injuriam faciendam, Cic. Fl. 34, 85: ad scelus, id. Rosc. Am. 14, 39: ad bellum, id. Sull. 13, 36: ad crudelitatem, Quint. 8, 3, 85: ad metum, cupiditatem, odium, conciliationem, id. 3, 8, 12 et saep.
          3. (γ) With ut: quae causa nos impulerit, ut haec tam sero litteris mandaremus, Cic. N. D. 1, 4, 7; cf. id. de Sen. 21, 77: Germanos tam facile impelli, ut in Galliam venirent, Caes. B. G. 4, 16, 1; Cic. N. D. 2, 66, 166; id. Rep. 3, 2; id. Fin. 3, 20, 65; Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 51 et saep.
          4. (δ) With a terminal adv.: dum in dubio est animus, paulo momento huc illuc impellitur, Ter. And. 1, 5, 31: impulit huc animos, Luc. 8, 454: voluntates impellere quo velit, Cic. de Or. 1, 8, 30.
            (ε) With inf.: fuerunt quos pavor nando capessere fugam impulerit, Liv. 22, 6, 7: quae mens tam dira Impulit his cingi telis? Verg. A. 2, 520; Tac. A. 6, 45; 13, 10: quendam impulit servilem ei amorem obicere, id. ib. 14, 60; Hor. C. 3, 7, 14; Stat. Th. 10, 737; Just. 3, 1, 3; 5, 1, 4; 29, 4, 5.
            (ζ) With the simple acc.: ut forte legentem Aut tacitum impellat quovis sermone, to arouse, address, Hor. S. 1, 3, 65; Val. Fl. 4, 486: cum praetor lictorem impellat, Juv. 3, 128: quis modo casus impulit hos, id. 15, 120: vernacula multitudo, lasciviae sueta, impellere ceterorum rudes animos, to instigate, stimulate, Tac. A. 1, 31 Ritter. (Nipperd. implere).
            In pass.: (ut) qui audiunt aut impellantur aut reflectantur, Cic. de Or. 2, 77, 312: Bellovacos impulsos ab suis principibus ab Aeduis defecisse, Caes. B. G. 2, 14, 3: vel iratum vel impulsum ab aliis, Quint. 11, 1, 71: hac fama impulsus Chremes ultro ad me venit, Ter. And. 1, 1, 72: impulsus irā … Quibus iris impulsus, id. Hec. 3, 5, 35: furore atque amentia impulsus, Caes. B. G. 1, 40, 4: hac impulsi occasione, id. ib. 7, 1, 3: Induciomari nuntiis impulsi, id. ib. 5, 26, 2: Cassandrae impulsus furiis, Verg. A. 10, 68 et saep.: quia et initio movendus sit judex et summo impellendus, Quint. 7, 1, 10: cum simul terra, simul mari bellum impelleretur, Tac. Agr. 25; cf.: impulsum bellum, Luc. 7, 5; 7, 330.
            (η) Absol.: cui (δαιμονίῳ) sempel ipse paruerit, numquam impellenti, saepe revocanti, Cic. Div. 1, 54, 122: qui nullo impellente fallebant, id. Fl. 8, 20: uno ictu frequenter impellunt (sententiae), Quint. 12, 10, 48.
    2. B. To overthrow, subdue, destroy (rare): praecipitantem igitur impellamus, et perditum prosternamus, Cic. Clu. 26, 70: miseri post fata Sychaei … Solus hic (Aeneas) inflexit sensus animumque labantem Impulit, i. e. has completely subdued, Verg. A. 4, 23: impellere ruentem, to destroy completely, Tac. H. 2, 63 fin.: inpulsas Vitellii res audietis, id. ib. 3, 2: inmenso Achaicae victoriae momento ad impellendos mores, Plin. 33, 11, 53, § 149: impulsum bellum, i. e. brought near to a close, Luc. 5, 330: impellens quidquid sibi, summa petenti, obstaret, id. 1, 149: tum leviter est temptatum, … et nunc maximo temporum nostrorum auctore prope inpulsum, Quint. 3, 4, 2 Spald. N. cr.

impendĕo (inp-), ēre, v. n. and (anteclass.) a. [in-pendeo], to hang over any thing, to overhang (class.; esp. freq. in the trop. signif.; cf. immineo).

  1. I. Lit.
        1. a. Neutr.: arbor in aedes illius impendet, Dig. 43, 26, 1: ut (gladius) impenderet illius beati cervicibus, Cic. Tusc. 5, 21, 62: poëtae impendere apud inferos saxum Tantalo faciunt, id. ib. 4, 16, 35; id. Fin. 1, 18, 60; cf. Lucr. 3, 980: nucem impendere super tegulas, Plaut. Fragm. ap. Macr. S. 2, 14; Lucr. 6, 564; cf.: impendentium montium altitudines, Cic. N. D. 2, 39, 98.
        2. b. Act.: nec, mare quae impendent, vesco sale saxa peresa, etc., Lucr. 1, 326.
  2. II. Trop., to hang or hover over a thing, to impend, to be near or imminent, to threaten.
        1. a. Neutr., constr. in aliquem, alicui, or absol.
          1. (α) With in aliquem: tantae in te impendent ruinae, Plaut. Ep. 1, 1, 77: licet undique omnes in me terrores impendeant, Cic. Rosc. Am. 11, 31.
          2. (β) With dat.: nunc jam alia cura impendet pectori, Plaut. Ep. 1, 2, 32: omnibus semper aliqui talis terror impendet, Cic. Tusc. 4, 16, 35: poenas impendere iis, a quibus, etc., id. Rep. 3, 11 fin.: quid sibi impenderet, coepit suspicari, id. Clu. 24, 66.
          3. (γ) Absol.: nimborum nocte coortā Inpendent atrae formidinis ora superne, Lucr. 4, 174; 6, 254: quae vero aderant jam et impendebant, quonam modo ea depellere potuissetis? Cic. Mil. 28, 76; cf.: ut ea, quae partim jam assunt, partim impendent moderate feramus, id. Fam. 4, 14, 1: dum impendere Parthi videbantur, id. Att. 6, 6, 3: tanta malorum impendet Ἰλιάς, id. ib. 8, 11, 3: belli magni timor impendet, id. Fam. 2, 11, 1; cf.: ille quidem semper impendebit timor, ne, etc., id. Rep. 2, 28: Ea contentio quae impendet, id. Att. 2, 22, 3: vento impendente, Verg. G. 1, 365: pluviā, id. ib. 4, 191: magnum bellum impendet a Parthis, Cic. Att. 6, 2, 6; cf. id. Verr. 2, 5, 60, § 157; id. Prov. Cons. 17, 42: impendentia ex ruinis et commutatione status publici pericula, Vell. 2, 35, 3.
        2. b. Act.: quae res me impendet, Lucil. ap. Fest. s. v. me, p. 16 Müll.: tanta te impendent mala, Ter. Phorm. 1, 4, 2.
          Note: Part. pass.: impensus, a, um; poet. for impendens: tempestas atque tenebrae coperiunt maria ac terras inpensa superne, Lucr. 6, 491 Munro ad loc.; cf.: impensum ferrum, Sen. Herc. Oet. 1592.

‡ impendĭa, ae, v. impendium init.

impendĭō, adv., v. impendium fin.

* impendĭōsus (inp-), a, um, adj. [impendium], that spends too much, extravagant: nimio inpendiosum praestat te, Plaut. Bacch. 3, 2, 12.

impendĭum (inp-), ĭi, n. (also fem. DE SVA IMPENDIA, Inscr. Grut. 871, 8; 1070, 6; 62, 8) [impendo], money laid out on any thing, outlay, cost, charge, expense (class.; most freq. in plur.; cf.: sumtus, impensa).

  1. I. In gen.: qui quaestum sibi instituisset sine impendio, Cic. Quint. 3, 12; so in sing., Plin. 18, 6, 7, § 38; 16, 37, 68, § 175; 18, 14, 36, § 134; Dig. 38, 1, 20; in plur.: reposcere rationem impendiorum, quae in educationem contulerit, Quint. 1, 10, 18; Suet. Caes. 54; id. Ner. 31; Dig. 9, 2, 7.
    1. B. Transf.: nulla fodiendi impendia, Plin. 17, 23, 35, § 203.
  2. II. In partic.
    1. A. Money paid out for a loan, i. e. interest: usura quod in sorte accedebat impendium appellatum, Varr. L. L. 5, § 183 Müll.: faenus et impendium recusare, Cic. Att. 6, 1, 4: plebes impendiis debilitata, id. Rep. 2, 34.
      1. 2. Transf.: ut impendiis etiam augere possimus largitatem tui muneris, Cic. Brut. 4, 16: magna impendia mundi, i. e. tribute, Stat. S. 3, 3, 88.
    2. B. In abl. impendio.
      1. 1. At or with an expense, i. e. with a loss of any thing (mostly post-Aug.): multatio non nisi ovium boumque inpendio dicebatur, Plin. 18, 3, 3, § 11: nimium risus pretium est, si probitatis impendio constat, Quint. 6, 3, 35: inpendio miserorum experiri commentaria, Plin. 34, 11, 25, § 108: inpendio magis publico quam jactura, Liv. 7, 21, 7: regi suo parvo impendio immortalitatem famae daturos, Curt. 9, 4 med.; cf.: tantulo impendio ingens victoria stetit, id. 3, 11 fin.
      2. 2. Adv.: impendĭo (inp-) (at great expense, i. e. as an intensive particle), by a great deal, greatly, very much; cf. impense under impendo (in vulg. lang.).
        1. a. With compp.: inpendio magis animus gaudebat mihi, Ter. Eun. 3, 5, 39; cf.: at ille inpendio nunc magis odit senatum, Cic. Att. 10, 4, 9: ille vero minus minusque inpendio Curare, Plaut. Aul. prol. 18: nonne hoc impendio venustius gratiusque est, etc., Gell. 18, 12, 2: impendio probabilius, id. 19, 13, 3: leges impendio acerbiores, id. 11, 18, 4: impendio gnarus sermonis, Amm. 14, 1, 9.
        2. b. With verbs: impendio infit, Laev. ap. Gell. 19, 7, 10: cum impendio excusarem, negavit veniam, App. M. 2, p. 122: commoveri, id. Mag. p. 275.

impendo (inp-), di, sum, 3, v. a. [inpendo], to weigh out, lay out, expend (class.; cf.: insumo, erogo).

  1. I. Lit.: accipe inquam, nam hoc inpendit puplicum, Plaut. Stich. 5, 4, 35: non erunt tam amentes, ut operam, curam, pecuniam impendant in eas res, quas, etc., Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 30, § 68 fin.: nummos in navem, Dig. 14, 1, 1, § 9: pecuniam in opsonio, etc., ib. 24, 1, 31 fin.: HS. octogies pro introitu novi sacerdotii, Suet. Claud. 9: istuc, quod tu de tua pecunia dicis impensum, Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 19, § 47: nescio quid impendit et in commune contulit, id. Quint. 3, 12: certus sumptus impenditur, id. Verr. 2, 3, 98, § 227: intellegebant, sese sibi et populo Romano, non Verri et Apronio serere, impendere, laborare, id. ib. 2, 3, 52, § 121: sed quid ego vos, de vestro inpendatis, hortor? Liv. 6, 15, 9: quis aegram et claudentem oculos gallinam impendat amico tam sterili, lay out the value of, Juv. 12, 96.
  2. II. Transf., in gen., to expend, devote, employ, apply: impensurus omne aevi sui spatium in id opus, Vell. 2, 89: vitam usui alicujus, Tac. A. 12, 65: vitam patriae, Luc. 2, 382: vitam famae, Stat. S. 5, 1, 63: biennium libris componendis, Quint. Ep. ad Tryph. 1; cf. Suet. Aug. 98: tota volumina in hanc disputationem, Quint. 3, 6, 21: vim suam in plura, id. 1, 12, 2: operam, curam in aliquid, Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 30, § 68: nihil sanguinis in socios, Ov. M. 13, 266: quid censetis in hoc foedere faciendo voluisse Mamertinos impendere laboris, operae, pecuniae, ne? etc., Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 20, § 51: omnis impendunt curas distendere, etc., Verg. G. 3, 124: hunc oculum pro vobis impendi, Petr. 1: quae (studia) juvenibus erudiendis impenderam, Quint. prooem. § 1: omnia studiis, id. 12, 11, 19; cf.: tantum laboris studiis, id. 2, 4, 3; 1, 1, 3: aliquem exemplo, to use as a warning, Front. Strat. 4, 1, 33: verba animi proferre et vitam impendere vero, Juv. 4, 91.
    Hence,
      1. 1. impensus (inp-), a, um, P. a. (lit., profusely expended; hence), ample, considerable, great.
    1. A. Lit.: impenso pretio, i. e. high, dear, Cic. Att. 14, 13, 5; * Caes. B. G. 4, 2, 2; Liv. 2, 9, 6; for which also absol.: impenso, Hor. S. 2, 3, 245.
    2. B. Transf., large, great, strong, vehement: dear, expensive: in his rebus unus est solus inventus, qui ab hac tam impensa voluntate bonorum palam dissideret, Cic. Sest. 62, 130: voluntas erga aliquem, Liv. 35, 44, 3: libido, Lucr. 5, 964: studium, Fronto, Ep. ad M. Caes. 2, 4 Mai.: opera, Gell. 9, 14, 6.
      Comp.: impensior cura, Ov. M. 2, 405; Tac. H. 1, 31: verbis laudare, Val. Max. 4, 3, ext. 1: injurias atrociores impensiore damno vindicare, Gell. 20, 1, 32: vae misero illi, cujus cibo iste factuist impensior, larger, stouter, fatter, Plaut. Capt. 4, 2, 26: nam pol ingrato homine nihil impensiu’st, more expensive, id. Bacch. 3, 2, 10.
      Sup.: preces, Suet. Tib. 13.
      Hence, adv.: im-pensē (inp-).
        1. a. At great cost, expensively: impensius unge, puer, caules, Pers. 6, 68: bibliothecas incendio absumptas impensissime reparari curavit, Suet. Dom. 20.
        2. b. Transf., exceedingly, greatly, very much; earnestly, eagerly, zealously (freq.; esp. in the comp.; cf.: magnopere, admodum, perquam, etc.).
          1. (α) With verbs: illi invidere misere, verum unus tamen impense, Ter. Eun. 3, 1, 23; cf.: aliquid impense cupere, id. Ad. 5, 9, 36: retinere, Liv. 40, 35, 7: petere, Quint. 10, 5, 18; Suet. Claud. 11: demirari, Gell. 9, 9, 15: atque acriter atque inflammanter facit (odium in Verrem), id. 10, 3, 13 (this the better read. al. incense).
            Comp.: eo facio id impensius, quod, etc., Cic. Fam. 13, 64, 1: agere gratias, Liv. 37, 56, 10: consulere, Verg. A. 12, 20: venerari numina, Ov. M. 6, 314: instare, id. ib. 7, 323: crescere his dignitas, si, etc., Liv. 1, 40, 2: accendi certamina in castris, id. 4, 46, 2.
          2. (β) With adjj.: impense improbus, Plaut. Ep. 4, 1, 39: impense doctus, Gell. 13, 10, 4.
      1. 2. impensa (inp-), ae, f. (sc. pecunia), outlay, cost, charge, expense (cf.: sumtus, impendium).
    1. A. Lit. (class.; in sing. and plur.): impensam ac sumptum facere in culturam, Varr. R. R. 1, 2, 8: quoniam impensam fecimus in macrocola, Cic. Att. 13, 25, 3: nullam impensam fecerant, id. Phil. 6, 5, 19: arationes magna impensa tueri, id. Verr. 2, 3, 21, § 53: columnae nulla impensa dejectae, id. ib. 2, 1, 55, § 145: sine impensa, id. Rep. 2, 14: exigua, Suet. Vesp. 18: publica, id. Claud. 6: matris ac vitrici, id. Tib. 7: sua, Plin. 36, 5, 4, § 42: nostra, Ov. H. 7, 188: quia inpensa pecuniae facienda erat, Liv. 44, 23, 1: haec nimia est inpensa, Juv. 12, 97: finem impensae non servat prodiga Roma, id. 7, 138: parcere impensae, to economize, id. 5, 156.
      In plur.: atque etiam impensae meliores, muri, navalia, portus, aquarum ductus, etc., Cic. Off. 2, 17, 60: ludorum ac munerum, Suet. Tib. 34: operum ac munerum, id. Dom. 12: itineris, id. Vit. 7: cenarum, Hor. Ep. 1, 19, 38: publicae, Tac. H. 4, 4; Plin. 12, 14, 32, § 63: nolo meis impensis illorum ali luxuriam, i. e. of my reputation, Nep. Phoc. 1, 4: inpensas conferre, to contribute to expenses, Juv. 3, 216.
    2. B. Transf. (so perh. not ante-Aug.).
        1. a. In gen.: cruoris, Ov. M. 8, 63: operum, Verg. A. 11, 228: officiorum, Liv. 37, 53, 12.
        2. b. In partic., that which is used up or expended for any purpose, materials, ingredients; for repairing an aqueduct (timber, stone, earth, etc.), Front. Aquaed. 124; of the stuffing for sausages, etc., Arn. 7, 231; of sacrifices, Petr. 137; of masonry, Pall. 1, 13.

impĕnĕtrābĭlis (inp-), e, adj. [2. inpenetrabilis], that cannot be penetrated, impenetrable (perh. not ante-Aug.).

  1. I. Lit.: silex ferro, Liv. 36, 25: superior pars corporis crocodili (with dura), Sen. Q. N. 4, 2 med.; cf.: tergus hippopotami ad scuta, Plin. 8, 25, 39, § 95: congeries imbribus, id. 8, 36, 54, § 127: cruppellarii accipiendis ictibus, Tac. A. 3, 43: quae impenetrabilia quaeque pervia, id. ib. 12, 35.
  2. II. Trop., that cannot be overcome, unconquerable, unyielding: patet impenetrabilis ille Luctibus, Sil. 6, 413: impenetrabilis blanditiis, Sen. Q. N. 4 praef.: mens irae, Sil. 7, 561: pudicitia Agrippinae, Tac. A. 4, 12.

‡ impĕnĕtrāle, cujus ultimum penetrale intrare non licet, Paul. ex Fest. p. 109 Müll.

‡ impennātae agnae, in Saliari carmine spicas significat sine aristis, Paul. ex Fest. p. 211, 1 Müll.; v. pennatae.

impensa (inp-), ae, v. impendo fin. 2.

impensātĭo, ōnis, f. [in-penso], the expenditure, outlay.
Transf., destruction: corporis, Isid. 4, 7, 25.

impensē (inp-), adv., v. impendo, P. a. fin.

1. impensus (inp-), a, um, Part. and P. a., v. impendo.

2. impensus (inp-), ūs, m. [impendo], outlay, expense (post-class. for impensa): majore impensu, Symm. Ep. 1, 5.

impĕrābĭlĭter, adv. [impero], in an imperative manner, Cat. ap. Charis. p. 202, 11.

impĕrātīvē (inp-), adv., v. the foll. art.

impĕrātīvus (inp-), a, um, adj. [impero], of or proceeding from a command, commanded: feriae, extraordinary, commanded by a magistrate, Macr. S. 1, 16, § 5 sq.: modus, the imperative, Mart. Cap. 3, § 313, and in the grammarians saep.
Adv.: impĕrātīvē, imperatively, Ulp. Reg. tit. 24, 1.

impĕrātor (inp-), ōris (archaic form induperator, Enn. Ann. v. 86; 332; 350; 552 Vahl.; Lucr. 4, 967; 5, 1227; cf. 1. init.; but in Enn. also imperator, Trag. v. 34 Vahl.), m. [impero].

  1. I. Orig., milit. t. t., a commander-in-chief, general, = στρατηγός (cf.: dux, ductor).
    1. A. In gen.: si forte quaereretur, quae esset ars imperatoris, constituendum putarem principio, quis esset imperator: qui cum esset constitutus administrator quidam belli gerendi, tum adjungeremus de exercitu, de castris, etc. … de reliquis rebus, quae essent propriae belli administrandi: quarum qui essent animo et scientia compotes, eos esse imperatores dicerem, utererque exemplis Africanorum et Maximorum; Epaminondam atque Hannibalem atque ejus generis homines nominarem, Cic. de Or. 1, 48, 210: aliae sunt legati partes, aliae imperatoris: alter omnia agere ad praescriptum, alter libere ad summam rerum consulere debet, Caes. B. C. 3, 51, 4: sapiens et callidus imperator, Cic. Inv. 1, 34, 58: bonus ac fortis, id. de Or. 2, 44, 187; cf.: egregie fortis et bonus, id. ib. 2, 66, 268: eosdem labores non aeque esse graves imperatori et militi, id. Tusc. 2, 26, 62: ego sic existimo in summo imperatore quatuor has res inesse oportere, scientiam rei militaris, virtutem, auctoritatem, felicitatem, etc., id. de Imp. Pomp. 10, 28: unum ad id bellum imperatorem deposci, id. ib. 2, 5: nomen invicti imperatoris, id. Verr. 2, 4, 38, § 82: Themistocles … imperator bello Persico, id. Lael. 12, 42: cum pro se quisque in conspectu imperatoris … operam navare cuperet, Caes. B. G. 2, 25 fin.: insece, Musa, manu Romanorum induperator Quod quisque in bello gessit cum rege Philippo, Enn. ap. Gell. 18, 9, 3 (Ann. v. 332 Vahl.): induperatores pugnare ac proelia obire, Lucr. 4, 967.
      As a title, placed after the name: M. Cicero S. D. C. Antonio M. F. Imp., Cic. Fam. 5, 5 inscr.: Cn. Pompeio Cn. F. Magno Imperatori, id. ib. 5, 7 inscr.: Vatinio Imp. S., id. ib. 5, 11 et saep.
    2. B. In partic., pregn., in the times of the republic, a title of honor conferred on a general after any important victory: his rebus gestis Curio se in castra ad Bagradam recepit, atque universi exercitus conclamatione Imperator appellatur, Caes. B. C. 2, 26, 1; cf.: Pompeius eo proelio Imperator est appellatus, id. ib. 3, 71, 3; Cic. Phil. 14, 4, 11; 14, 5, 12; Caes. B. C. 3, 31, 1; Liv. 27, 19, 4; Inscr. Orell. 542; 3417 sq. (cf. also Plin. Pan. 12, 1).
  2. II. Transf. beyond the milit. sphere.
    1. A. In gen., a commander, leader, chief, director, ruler, master: (Romani) immutato more annua imperia, binos imperatores sibi fecere, i. e. consuls, Sall. C. 6, 7: (vis venti) Induperatorem classis super aequora verrit, admiral, Lucr. 5, 1227: imperator histricus, director, manager, Plaut. Poen. prol. 4: di te servassint semper … salus interioris hominis amorisque inperator, id. As. 3, 3, 66: familiae, id. Capt. 2, 2, 57: nolo eundem populum imperatorem et portitorem esse terrarum, Cic. Fragm. ap. Non. 24, 22 (Rep. 4, 7 Mos.): dux et imperator vitae mortalium animus est, Sall. J. 1, 3: vitae nostrae necisque, Plin. 29, 1, 5, § 11.
    2. B. In partic.
      1. 1. An epithet of Jupiter, Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 58, § 129: signum Jovis Imperatoris, Liv. 6, 29, 8.
      2. 2. The conqueror at a game of chess, Vop. Proc. 13, 2.
      3. 3. The title of the Roman emperors, placed either before or after the name (cf. I.); before it, Suet. Caes. 76; Claud. 12; 26: IMP. CAESARI DIVI IVLI F., Inscr. Orell. 596; so ib. 597; 600; 602; 604 sq.; after it, Suet. Oth. 2; Plin. 5, 2, 1, § 20; Plin. Ep. 3, 5, 9; 4, 17, 8; 4, 22, 4.
        Hence afterwards absol.: Imperator, a Roman emperor, Tac. A. 3, 74: velut praesagium insequentis casus, quo medius inter utriusque filios exstitit Imperator, Suet. Galb. 6; id. Claud. 13; 29; id. Galb. 3, 6, 20; id. Vit. 3 et saep.

impĕrātōrĭē (inp-), adv., v. imperatorius, I. fin.

impĕrātōrĭus (inp-), a, um, adj. [imperator].

  1. I. Of or belonging to a general (class.): quod ipse honos laborem leviorem faceret imperatorium, Cic. Tusc. 2, 26, 62: jus, id. Verr. 2, 1, 21, § 57; cf. partes (shortly before: imperatoris partes), Caes. B. C. 3, 51, 5: nomen, Cic. Fam. 11, 4, 1; Tac. A. 1, 3: consilium, Cic. N. D. 3, 6, 15: laus, id. Ac. 2, 1, 2: virtus, Quint. 7, 10, 13; 8, 2, 11: ars, id. 2, 17, 34: manubiae, Cic. de Or. 3, 3, 10: pulvis sudorque (opp. campestris meditatio), Plin. Pan. 13, 1: navis, an admiral’s ship, Plin. 19, 1, 5, § 22.
    * Adv.: impĕrātōrĭē, like a general: dum se ad id bellum imperatorie instruit, Treb. Claud. 6.
  2. II. (Acc. to imperator, II. B. 3.) Imperial: genesis, Suet. Dom. 10: munera, id. Vesp. 24: onera, id. Calig. 42.

impĕrātrix (inp-), īcis, f. [imperator], she who commands, a mistress (very rare): deinde fortes viros ab imperatrice (i. e. Clodia) in insidiis locatos, * Cic. Cael. 28, 67: Italia, Plin. 26, 3, 8, § 16 (dub.; creatrice, Jan.): ut esset animae tam quam imperatrici suae caro subditiva, Ambros. de Inst. Virg. 2, § 11: imperatrix et Augusta Pulcheria, Leo. M. Ep. 101, 3; 98, 3.

impĕrātum (inp-), i, n., v. impero fin.

impĕrātus (inp-), ūs, m. [impero], a command, order (post-Aug. and very rare), Ambros. de Fuga Saec. 2, 8: ACILII GLABRIONIS IMPERATV, Inscr. Orell. 1525: imperatu Gratiani, Amm. 31, 7, 4.

imperceptus (inp-), a, um, adj. [2. in-perceptus], unperceived, unknown (very rare): mendacia, Ov. M. 9, 711: minora majoribus imperceptiora sunt, more incomprehensible, Gell. 14, 1, 24.

imperco (inp-, also imparco), ĕre, v. n., to spare (Plautin.): huic impercito, Plaut. Cas. 4, 4, 12: imperce, quaeso, spare yourself, id. Am. 1, 3, 2.

* impercussus (inp-), a, um, adj. [2. in-percussus], not struck, unstruck: impercussos nocte movere pedes, i. e. without noise, Ov. Am. 3, 1, 52.

imperdĭtus (inp-), a, um, adj. [2. inperditus], not destroyed, not slain (poet.): et vos, o Graiis imperdita corpora, Teucri, Verg. A. 10, 430: pectora Tydeo, Stat. Th. 3, 84: ego Sidoniis, Sil. 9, 161.

imperfectē, adv., v. imperfectus fin.

imperfectĭo (inp-), ōnis, f. [imperfectus], imperfection (late Lat.), Aug. de Genes. ad lit. 1, 4.

imperfectus (inp-), a, um, adj. [2. inperfectus],

  1. I. unfinished, incomplete, imperfect (not freq. till after the Aug. per.): quidam homines in capite meo solum elaborarunt, reliquum corpus imperfectum ac rude reliquerunt, Cic. Fam. 1, 9, 15: quaedam (animalia), Ov. M. 1, 427; cf. infans, id. ib. 3, 310: pars manebat, Verg. A. 8, 428: pons, Caes. B. G. 6, 35, 6: cibus, i. e. undigested, Juv. 3, 233: imperfecto adhuc bello, Suet. Caes. 26: qui imperfectum librum supple verit, id. ib. 56; cf. Hirt. B. G. prooem. § 2: librum reliquerat, Suet. Gramm. 12: opera reliquit, id. Tib. 47: quae rudia atque imperfecta adhuc erant, Quint. 3, 1, 7: causae (opp. perfectae), id. 4, 2, 3: sermo, id. 9, 2, 57; 11, 3, 121: vita, Lucr. 3, 958.
    Comp.: insuavius hoc imperfectiusque est, Gell. 1, 7, 20.
    As subst.: imperfectum, i, n.: sunt omnia in quaedam genera partita aut incohata nulla ex parte perfecta; imperfecto autem nec absoluto simile pulchrum esse nihil potest, Cic. Univ. 4.
  2. II. Esp., morally imperfect; plur. as subst. (opp. sapientes): ad imperfectos et mediocres et male sanos hic meus sermo pertinet, Sen. Tranq. 11, 1.
    Adv.: imperfectē, imperfectly, incompletely: imperfecte atque praepostere syllogismo uti, Gell. 2, 8, 1.

* imperfossus (inp-), a, um, adj. [2. in-perfossus], unpierced, unstabbed, Ov. M. 12, 496.

* imperfundĭes (inp-), ēi, f. [2. inperfundo], filth, impurity: cruciatur illuvie, imperfundie, incuriā, Lucil. ap. Non. 126, 2.

* impĕrĭābĭlĭter (inp-), adv. [imperium], commandingly, imperiously, Cato ap. Charis. p. 181 P. (cf. imperabiliter).

impĕrĭālis (inp-), e, adj. [imperium, II. B. 3. b. β], of the empire or emperor, imperial: statuta, Dig. 47, 12, 3: praeceptum, Cod. Th. 3, 12, 2: ornamenta, Capitol. M. Aur. 17: molestia, Aur. Vict. Epit. 2: culmen, Amm. 21, 16: imperia et omnia imperialia sic horruit, ut, etc., Capitol. Pert. 13, 1.
Adv.: impĕrĭālĭter, imperially: existimantes, Cod. Just. 6, 51, 1 fin.

impĕrĭōsē (inp-), adv., v. imperiosus fin.

impĕrĭōsus (less correctly inp-), a, um, adj. [imperium], possessed of command, far-ruling, mighty, powerful, puissant (class.).

  1. I. In gen.: urbes magnae atque imperiosae, Enn. ap. Cic. Rep. 1, 2: populi, Cic. Or. 34, 120: imperiosissima civitas, Aug. Civ. Dei, 15, 19 (cf. Verg. A. 1, 284): dictatura, Liv. 7, 40, 9; cf. virga, i. e. the fasces, Ov. Tr. 5, 6, 32: quisnam igitur liber? sapiens, sibi qui imperiosus, who has dominion over himself, Hor. S. 2, 7, 83; cf. Plin. 34, 8, 19, § 62: imperiosissimae humanae mentis artes (religio, astrologia, medicina), id. 30, 1, 1, § 1: risus habet vim nescio an imperiosissimam, Quint. 6, 3, 8.
  2. II. In partic.
    1. A. In a bad sense, imperious, domineering, tyrannical: cupiditas honoris quam dura est domina, quam imperiosa, Cic. Par. 5, 3, 40: nimis imperiosus philosophus, id. Fin. 2, 32, 105: paedagogi, Quint. 1, 1, 8: imperiosus atque impotens, Sen. Ben. 3, 28 fin.: imperiosi nobis ipsis et molesti sumus, id. Q. N. 4 praef.: Proserpina, Hor. S. 2, 5, 110: quojus cibo iste factust imperiosior, Plaut. Capt. 4, 2, 26: imperiosius aequor, Hor. C. 1, 14, 8: familia imperiosissima et superbissima, Liv. 9, 34, 15.
      Hence,
    2. B. Impĕrĭōsus, i, m., a surname of the dictator L. Manlius Torquatus and his son, the consul T. Manlius Torquatus, on account of their severity, Liv. 7, 3, 4; 7, 4, 7; Sen. Ben. 3, 37; Cic. Fin. 2, 19, 60; Plin. 22, 5, 5, § 8; Liv. 4, 29, 6; cf. Manlius.
      Hence, adv.: impĕrĭōsē, imperiously, tyrannically (ante- and postclass.): non severe, non imperiose praecepit, Gell. 2, 29, 1; Charis. 202, 11: paene imperiosius quam humanius, Varr. ap. Non. 287, 20.

impĕrītē (inp-), adv., v. imperitus fin.

impĕrītĭa (inp-), ae, f. [imperitus], inexperience, ignorance, awkwardness (mostly post-Aug.; not in Cic. or Cæs.): Jugurtha, cognita vanitate atque imperitia legati, subdolus ejus augere amentiam, Sall. J. 38, 1; cf. id. ib. 85, 45: plurimum Marius imperitia hostium confirmatus, id. ib. 99, 1; cf.: pugnam imperitia poscere, Tac. A. 13, 36: juvenum, id. ib. 13, 42: imperitia et rusticitas afferunt interim frigus, Quint. 6, 1, 37: contra Circium serere, imperitia existimatur, Plin. 17, 2, 2, § 21: rerum atque verborum imperitia, Gell. N. A. praef. § 12: nimia, Gai. Inst. 2, 109.
In plur.: grammatico insolentiarum et imperitiarum pleno, id. 7, 17 in lemm.

impĕrĭto (inp-), āvi, ātum, 1, v. freq. n. and a. [impero], to command, govern, rule (not freq. till after the Aug. per.; not in Cic. or Cæs.); constr. with acc., dat., or absol.

        1. (α) With acc.: quod antehac pro jure imperitabam meo, nunc te oro per precem, Plaut. Capt. 2, 1, 47: aequam Rem imperito, Hor. S. 2, 3, 189.
        2. (β) With dat. (so most freq.): magnis gentibus, Lucr. 3, 1028: magnis legionibus, Hor. S. 1, 6, 4: tu, mihi qui imperitas, aliis servis miser, id. ib. 2, 7, 81; Tib. 2, 3, 34: equis, Hor. C. 1, 15, 25: suo generi, Plin. 10, 21, 24, § 47: quis nemori imperitet, quem tota armenta sequantur, Verg. A. 12, 719: naturam ipsam ceteris imperitantem industria vicerat, Sall. J. 76, 1: alteri populo cum bona pace, Liv. 1, 24, 3.
          Pass. impers.: quod superbe avareque crederent imperitatum victis esse, Liv. 21, 1.
        3. (γ) Absol.: Veleda late imperitabat, Tac. H. 4, 61: quia adductius quam civili bello imperitabat, id. ib. 3, 7: decem imperitabant, Liv. 1, 17: libido imperitandi, Sall. J. 81, 1: qua tempestate Carthaginienses pleraque Africa imperitabant, id. ib. 79, 2 Kritz N. cr.
          Pass. impers.:           quod mihi quoque exsequendum reor, quanto sit angustius imperitatum, Tac. A. 4, 4 fin.

impĕrītus (inp-), a, um, adj. [2. inperitus], inexperienced in any thing, not knowing, unacquainted with, unskilled, ignorant, without experience (class.; syn.: ignarus, rudis; opp. prudens, callidus); constr. usually with the gen. or absol., rarely with in.

        1. (α) With gen.: homines adulescentulos, inperitos rerum, Ter. And. 5, 4, 8: summi juris peritissimus, civilis non imperitus, Cic. Rep. 5, 3: imperitus foederis, rudis exemplorum, ignarus belli, id. Balb. 20, 47; cf. id. de Or. 3, 44, 175: homo imperitus morum, agricola et rusticus, with no experience of life, id. Rosc. Am. 49, 143: homines barbari et nostrae consuetudinis imperiti, Caes. B. G. 4, 22, 1; cf. id. ib. 1, 44, 17: conviciorum, Auct. Her. 4, 10, 14: lyrae, Quint. 1, 10, 19: poëmatum quoque non imperitus, Suet. Aug. 89.
        2. (β) Absol.: homine inperito numquam quicquam injustius, Ter. Ad. 1, 2, 18: cum in theatro imperiti homines, rerum omnium rudes ignarique consederant, Cic. Fl. 7, 16: callidum imperitus fraudasse dicitur, id. Rosc. Com. 7, 21: sin apud indoctos imperitosque dicemus, id. Part. 26, 92; cf. id. Rep. 1, 16: cum imperiti facile ad credendum impellerentur, id. ib. 2, 10: uti prudentes cum imperitis manus consererent, Sall. J. 49, 2: ne quis imperitior existimet, me, etc., Cic. Rosc. Am. 46, 135; so, imperitiores quidam, Quint. 1, 10, 28: contio quae ex imperitissimis constat, etc., Cic. Lael. 25, 95: multitudo imperita et rudis, Liv. 1, 19, 4.
          Rarely of things: ingenium, Plaut. Trin. 3, 2, 39: poëma imperito quodam initio fusum, Quint. 9, 4, 114.
        3. (γ) With in: in his non imperitus, Vitr. 1, 1: in verbis adeo imperitus, Quint 1, 4, 27; 12, 3, 5.
          Hence, adv.: impĕrītē, unskilfully, ignorantly, awkwardly: imperite absurdeque fictum, Cic. Rep. 2, 15: dicebat Scipio non imperite, id. Brut. 47, 175: excerpta, Quint. 2, 15, 24.
          Ellipt.: hoc imperite (suppl. factum), Cic. Phil. 2, 32, 81.
          Comp.: quid potuit dici imperitius? Cic. Balb. 8, 20.
          Sup.: cum est illud imperitissime dictum, Cic. Balb. 11, 27.

impĕrĭum (inp-), ĭi, n. [impero], a command, order, direction.

  1. I. Lit. (mostly ante-class. and post-Aug.): si quid opus est, impera: imperium exsequar. Plaut. Am. 3, 3, 1; cf.: nunc pergam eri imperium exsequi, id. ib. 1, 1, 106: eri imperia persequi, id. ib. 2, 1, 75: imperium exsequi, id. Men. 5, 6, 16; Ter. Eun. 4, 1, 22: obsequens obediensque est mori atque imperiis patris, Plaut. Bacch. 3, 3, 55; cf. id. Trin. 2, 2, 21; id. Men. 5, 7, 1: tuo facit jussu, tuo imperio paret, id. As. 1, 2, 21: malus et nequam est homo, qui nihili imperium eri Sui servus facit, id. Ps. 4, 7, 1; cf. id. As. 2, 4, 10: quod hi neque ad concilia veniebant neque imperio parebant, Caes. B. G. 5, 2 fin.: imperium neglegere, id. ib. 5, 7, 7: neque ab uno omnia imperia administrari poterant, id. ib. 2, 22 fin.: imperio Jovis huc venio, Verg. A. 5, 726; cf.: et Jovis imperium et cari praecepta parentis Edocet, id. ib. 5, 747: imperiis deūm propalam expositis, Liv. 8, 6, 12: quidam (pueri) imperia indignantur, Quint. 1, 3, 6: aegri quoquo neglecto medentium imperio, etc., Plin. Pan. 22, 3: elephanti inest imperiorum obedientia, Plin. 8, 1, 1, § 1: naturae imperio gemimus, cum, etc., Juv. 15, 138: cujus paruit imperiis, id. 14, 331.
  2. II. Transf., the right or power of commanding, authority, command, control (freq. and class.).
    1. A. In gen.: Mes. Nempe jubes? Me. Jubeo hercle, si quid imperii est in te mihi, Plaut. Men. 5, 7, 41; cf. id. Pers. 3, 1, 15: Appius et caecus et senex tenebat non modo auctoritatem sed etiam imperium in suos, Cic. de Sen. 11, 37: reges in ipsos imperium est Jovis, Hor. C. 3, 1, 6: eone es ferox, quia habes imperium in beluas? Ter. Eun. 3, 1, 25: mater, cujus sub imperio’st, mala, id. Heaut. 2, 2, 4: An. Sta ilico. Ge. Hem, sates pro imperio! quisquis es, i. e. authorilatively, imperiously, id. Phorm. 1, 4, 19: domesticum, Cic. Caecin. 18, 52; id. Inv. 2, 47, 140: (Juppiter) Divosque mortalesque turbas Imperio regit unus aequo, Hor. C. 3, 4, 48; cf.: sed me jussa deūm … Imperiis egere suis, Verg. A. 6, 463: Phyllius illic Imperio pueri volucresque ferumque leonem Tradiderat domitos, Ov. M. 7, 373: agricolae habent rationem cum terra, quae numquam recusat imperium, Cic. de Sen. 15, 51.
    2. B. In partic.
      1. 1. In publicists’ lang., supreme power, sovereignty, sway, dominion, empire (cf.: principatus, dominatus, regnum; potestas, potentia).
          1. (α) Sing.: Tarquinio dedit imperium simul et sola regni, Enn. ap. Fest. p. 298 Müll. (Ann. v. 151 Vahl.); cf.: navorum imperium servare est induperantum, id. ib. 169 Müll. (Ann. v. 413 Vahl.); and: ipse (Numa rex) de suo imperio curiatam legem tulit, Cic. Rep. 2, 13; 2, 17; 18; 20; 21: homo dominandi cupidus aut imperii singularis, sole dominion, id. ib. 1, 33: singulare et potestas regia, id. ib. 2, 9: esse consul cum summo imperio et potestate, id. Verr. 1, 13, 37; id. Fl. 8, 18; cf.: cum summo imperio et potestate versari, id. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 10, 31: qui (App. Claudius) tum erat summo imperio, id. Fin. 2, 20, 66: omne imperium nostri penes singulos esse voluerunt, id. Rep. 1, 40; 2, 32: de imperio Caesaris … gravissime decernitur, Caes. B. C. 1, 5, 4: imperium extra ordinem dare, Cic. Phil. 11, 10, 25: quod imperium potest esse praestantius quam, etc., id. Rep. 1, 17: eos qui antea commodis fuerint moribus, imperio, potestate, prosperis rebus immutari, id. Lael. 15, 54: ad deponendum imperium tardior esse, id. Rep. 2, 12: expertes imperii, id. ib. 1, 31: deponentium imperium tyrannorum, Quint. 9, 2, 67 et saep.: sub populi Romani imperium dicionemque cadere, Cic. Font. 1, 2; so, with dicio, Caes. B. G. 1, 31, 7; cf.: Gallia sub populi Romani imperium redacta, id. ib. 5, 29, 4: totam ad imperium populi Romani Ciliciam adjunxit, Cic. de Imp. Pomp. 12, 35: majestas est in imperio atque in omni populi Romani dignitate, Quint. 7, 3, 35: cum duobus ducibus de imperio in Italia decertatum est, Pyrrho et Hannibale, Cic. Lael. 8, 28; cf.: de imperio dimicare, id. Off. 1, 12, 38: spes diuturnitatis atque imperii, id. Rep. 2, 3; cf.: sedem et domum summo imperio praebere, id. ib. 2, 5 fin.: quod ipse suae civitatis imperium obtenturus esset, Caes. B. G. 1, 3, 6: civitati imperium totius provinciae pollicetur, id. ib. 7, 64 fin.: cum abunde expertus esset quam bene umeris tuis sederet imperium, Plin. Pan. 10 fin.: auctoritate magis quam imperio regere, Liv. 1, 7, 8; cf.: nec illum pro imperio submovere posse … quia ita dicatur: si vobis videtur, discedite, Quirites, id. 2, 56, 12.
          2. (β) Plur.: nec vero imperia expetenda ac potius aut non accipienda interdum aut deponenda nonnumquam, i. e. public offices, Cic. Off. 1, 20, 68: (cives) mandant imperia, id. Rep. 1, 31; cf.: honores, magistratus, imperia, potestates, opes amicitiae anteponere, id. Lael. 17, 63: cui (duci) dantur imperia et ea continuantur, etc., id. Rep. 1, 44: ita cepi et gessi maxima imperia, ut, etc., id. Fam. 3, 7, 5: vides tyranni satellites in imperiis, id. Att. 14, 5, 2: quod praestare dicant Gallorum quam Romanorum imperia perferre, dominion, government, Caes. B. G. 1, 17, 3: qui mobilitate ac levitate animi novis imperiis studebant, id. ib. 2, 1, 3: imperia legum potentiora quam hominum, Liv. 2, 1, 1.
        1. b. Hence, transf., concr.
          1. (α) Dominion, realm, empire (esp. freq. since the Aug. per.): duae urbes inimicissimae huic imperio, Cic. Lael. 3, 11: jam ipsa terra ita mihi parva visa est, ut me imperii nostri pæniteret, id. Rep. 6, 16 fin.: nostrum, id. ib. 3, 29; cf.: finium imperii nostri propagatio, id. Prov. Cons. 12, 29: fines imperii propagavit, id. Rep. 3, 12: imperium Oceano, famam qui terminet astris, Verg. A. 1, 287: per quas (artes) imperi Porrecta majestas ad ortus Solis ab Hesperio cubili, Hor. C. 4, 15, 14: adjectis Britannis Imperio, id. ib. 3, 5, 4: quem vocet divum populus ruentis Imperi rebus? id. ib. 1, 2, 26; 1, 37, 8: immensum imperii corpus stare ac librari sine rectore non potest, Tac. H. 1, 16: reges socii, membra partesque imperii, Suet. Aug. 48: breviarium totius imperii, id. ib. 101: rationarium imperii, id. ib. 28: imperii fines Tiberinum natare, Juv. 8, 265: noverat luxuriam imperii veterem, i. e. of the Roman court, id. 4, 137.
        2. c. Trop., rule, control (very rare but class.): illud vide, si in animis hominum regale imperium sit, unius fore dominatum, consilii scilicet, Cic. Rep. 1, 38.
          Iron.: imperium judiciorum tenere, Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 31, § 77: coactae imperio sexus, i. e. the ambition, Juv. 6, 135.
      2. 2. Law t. t., the jurisdiction or discretion of a magistrate: omnia autem judicia aut legitimo jure consistunt aut imperio continentur, Gai. Inst. 4, 103: ideo autem imperio contineri judicia dicuntur, quia tamdiu valent, quamdiu is qui ea praecepit imperium habet, id. ib. 4, 105; cf. 3, 181 al.
      3. 3. Milit., the chief command, command.
          1. (α) Sing.: victum atque expugnatum oppidum est Imperio atque auspicio Amphitruonis maxime, Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 37; 1, 1, 41: re impetrata contendunt, ut ipsis summa imperii transdatur, Caes. B. G. 7, 63, 5: delatam sibi summam imperii, Suet. Ner. 3: censet enim etiam ex iis, qui cum imperio sint, Cic. Fam. 1, 1, 3: nostri imperii dignitas, id. ib. 1, 7, 4: novem annis, quibus in imperio fuit, Suet. Caes. 25: legionum curam et imperium alicui demandare, id. ib. 76: alicui imperium prorogare, id. Tib. 30: imperii tempus explere, id. Caes. 26: cum imperio aut magistratu, i. e. a military or civil command, Suet. Tib. 12: qui dabat olim imperium, fasces, etc., Juv. 10, 79; cf. in the foll.
          2. (β) Plur.: mandant (cives) imperia, magistratus, i. e. military and civil commands, Cic. Rep. 1, 31; cf.: magistratus, imperia, amicitiae anteponere, id. Lael. 17, 63; so opp. magistratus, Suet. Caes. 54; 75; id. Aug. 61.
        1. b. Transf.
          1. (α) Concr.: imperia, i. q. imperatores, commanding officers, commanders, generals: imperia, potestates, legationes, quom senatus creverit populusve jusserit, ex urbe exeunto, Cic. Leg. 3, 3, 9: nacti vacuas ab imperiis Sardiniam et Siciliam, Caes. B. C. 1, 31, 1; Val. Max. 1, 1, 9.
          2. (β) Erat plena lictorum et imperiorum provincia, differta praefectis atque exactoribus, Caes. B. C. 3, 32, 4.
          3. (γ) (Acc. to imperator, II. B. 3.) The imperial government, the government: tandem quasi coactus recepit imperium, Suet. Tib. 24; 55; 67; id. Calig. 12; 16; 24; id. Claud. 11; 35; 36 et saep.

* imperjūrātus (inp-; -pējūr-), a, um, adj. [2. in-perjuratus], that is never sworn falsely by, a poet. epithet of the Styx: aquae, Ov. Ib. 78.

impermĕābĭlis, e, adj. [2. in-permeabilis], not to be passed through, not traversable: oceani fines, Jorn. Get. 1.

impermiscĕo, mixtus, ēre, v. 2 [inpermisceo], to mix in, mingle as an ingredient: impermixtum esse alicui rei, Boëth. Cons. Phil. 5, 5 al.

* impermissus (inp-), a, um, adj. [2. in-permissus], unlawful, forbidden: gaudia, Hor. C. 3, 6, 27.

impermixtus (inp-), a, um, adj. [2. in-permixtus], unmixed: lymphor, Lucil. ap. Non. 212, 3; Ambros. de Noe, 3, 7; id. Ep. 65, 4 fin.

impĕro (inp-), āvi, ātum, 1 (archaic form, imperassit, Cic. Leg. 3, 3, 6, and induperantum = imperantium, Enn. Ann. v. 413 Vahl.), v. a. and n. [in-paro], to command, order, enjoin (cf.: jubeo, praecipio, mando).

  1. I. In gen., constr. with acc., an inf. or an object-clause, a relative-clause, with ut, ne, or the simple subj., with the simple dat. or absol.
          1. (α) With acc. (and dat. personæ): faciendum id nobis quod parentes imperant, Plaut. Stich. 1, 1, 53: fac quod imperat, id. Poen. 5, 3, 29; Ter. Hec. 2, 2, 2: quae imperarentur, facere dixerunt, Caes. B. G. 2, 32, 3: numquid aliud imperas? Ter. Eun. 2, 1, 7; id. Heaut. 4, 3, 26: sto exspectans, si quid mihi imperent, id. Eun. 3, 5, 46: nonnumquam etiam puerum vocaret: credo, cui cenam imperaret, i. e. ordered to get him his supper, Cic. Rosc. Am. 21, 59: imperat ei nuptias, Quint. 7, 1, 14: vigilias, id. 11, 3, 26: certum modum, id. 11, 2, 27: moram et sollicitudinem initiis impero, id. 10, 3, 9: graves dominae cogitationum libidines infinita quaedam cogunt atque imperant, Cic. Fragm. ap. Non. 424, 30 (Rep. 6, 1 Mos.): utque Imperet hoc natura potens, Hor. S. 2, 1, 51.
            In pass.: arma imperata a populo Romano, Liv. 40, 34, 9: quod ipsum imperari optimum est, Quint. 2, 5, 6: imperata pensa, id. 3, 7, 6: exemplar imperatae schemae, Suet. Tib. 43.
          2. (β) With inf. or an object-clause (esp. freq. in the post-Aug. per.; in Cic. and Cæs. only with inf. pass. or dep.): animo nunc jam otioso esse impero, Ter. And. 5, 2, 1: imperavi egomet mihi omnia assentari, id. Eun. 2, 2, 21: jungere equos Titan velocibus imperat Horis, Ov. M. 2, 118; 3, 4: nec minus in certo dentes cadere imperat aetas Tempore, Lucr. 5, 672: has omnes actuarias imperat fieri, Caes. B. G. 5, 1, 3: pericula vilia habere, Sall. C. 16, 2: frumentum conportare, id. J. 48, 2; Hirt. B. G. 8, 27; Curt. 10, 1, 19; Tac. A. 2, 25: Liviam ad se deduci imperavit, Suet. Calig. 25; id. Aug. 27; id. Tib. 60.
            In pass.: in has lautumias, si qui publice custodiendi sunt, ex ceteris oppidis deduci imperantur, Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 27, § 69.
            *With inf. act.: haec ego procurare et idoneus imperor, Hor. Ep. 1, 5, 21.
          3. (γ) With a rel.-clause (very rare): imperabat coram, quid opus facto esset puerperae, Ter. And. 3, 2, 10: quin tu, quod faciam, impera, id. Phorm. 1, 4, 46; Plaut. Curc. 1, 1, 3 and 6; id. Capt. 2, 3, 10.
          4. (δ) With ut, ne, or the simple subj.: ecce Apollo mihi ex oraculo imperat, Ut, etc., Plaut. Men. 5, 2, 87: his, uti conquirerent et reducerent, imperavit, Caes. B. G. 1, 28, 1: consulibus designatis imperavit senatus, ut, etc., Liv. 42, 28, 7: quibus negotium a senatu est imperatum, ut, etc., S. C. ap. Front. Aquaed. 104; Petr. 1: mihi, ne abscedam, imperat, Ter. Eun. 3, 5, 30: Caesar suis imperavit, ne, etc., Caes. B. G. 1, 46, 2; 2, 32, 2; 3, 89, 4: letoque det imperat Argum, Ov. M. 1, 670; 13, 659.
            (ε) With simple dat.: si huic imperabo, probe tectum habebo, Plaut. Most. 4, 1, 14 (cf. above α): aliquid alicui, Ter. Eun. 3, 5, 46; Cic. Rosc. Am. 21, 59.
            (ζ) Absol.: Pa. Jubesne? Ch. Jubeo, cogo atque impero, Ter. Eun. 2, 3, 97: si quid opus est, impera, Plaut. Am. 3, 3, 1: impera, si quid vis, id. Aul. 2, 1, 23: omnia faciam: impera, Ter. Heaut. 5, 5, 11: quidvis oneris impone, impera, id. And. 5, 3, 26.
  2. II. In partic.
    1. A. In publicists’ lang., to order to be furnished or supplied, to give orders for, make a requisition for: cum frumentum sibi in cellam imperavisset (Verrem), Cic. Div. in Caecil. 10, 30: quem (numerum frumenti) ei civitati imperas emendum, id. Verr. 2, 3, 74, § 173: negas fratrem meum pecuniam ullam in remiges imperasse, id. Fl. 14, 33: pecuniam, id. ib. § 32; cf.: argenti pondo ducenta milia Jugurthae, Sall. J. 62, 5: arma, Caes. B. C. 1, 6 fin.: equites civitatibus, id. B. G. 6, 4 fin.; cf.: quam maximum militum numerum provinciae toti, id. ib. 1, 7, 2: obsides reliquis civitatibus, id. ib. 7, 64, 1; so, obsides Cic. de Imp. Pomp. 12, 35; Suet. Caes. 25.
    2. B. In publicists’ and milit. lang., alicui or absol., to command, govern, rule over: his (magistratibus) praescribendus est imperandi modus … qui modeste paret, videtur, qui aliquando imperet, dignus esse, Cic. Leg. 3, 2, 5; cf.: sic noster populus in pace et domi imperat, id. Rep. 1, 40: nulla est tam stulta civitas, quae non injuste imperare malit, quam servire juste, id. ib. 3, 18; cf. also: cum is, qui imperat aliis, servit ipse nulli cupiditati, id. ib. 1, 34: omnibus gentibus ac nationibus terra marique imperare, id. de Imp. Pomp. 19, 56; cf.: jus esse belli, ut, qui vicissent, iis, quos vicissent, quemadmodum vellent imperarent, Caes. B. G. 1, 36, 1: Jugurtha omni Numidiae imperare parat, Sall. J. 13, 2: quot nationibus imperabat, Quint. 11, 2, 50: clarus Anchisae Venerisque sanguis Imperet, Hor. Carm. Sec. 51; cf. id. C. 3, 6, 5: recusabat imperare, i. e. to be emperor, Plin. Pan. 5, 5; cf.: ipsum quandoque imperaturum, Suet. Claud. 3; id. Galb. 4; id. Oth. 4; id. Vit. 14; id. Tit. 2 et saep.
      Hence,
        1. b. Ad imperandum, to receive orders or instructions: nunc ades ad imperandum, vel ad parendum potius: sic enim antiqui loquebantur, Cic. Fam. 9, 25, 2; cf.: cum ipse ad imperandum Tisidium vocaretur, Sall. J. 62, 8 Kritz.
      1. 2. Transf., beyond the publicist’s sphere, to command, master, govern, rule, control: liberis, Ter. Ad. 1, 1, 51: imperare sibi, maximum imperium est, Sen. Ep. 113 fin.: ut nobismet ipsis imperemus, Cic. Tusc. 2, 21, 47: cum homines cupiditatibus iis, quibus ceteri serviunt, imperabunt, id. Lael. 22, 82: accensae irae, Ov. M. 9, 28: dolori, Plin. Ep. 8, 19, 2: lacrimis, Sil. 2, 652: amori suo, Petr. 83: ingenio suo, Sen. Contr. 1 praef. med.; cf.: imperare animo nequivi, quin, priusquam perirem, cur periturus essem, scirem, Liv. 34, 31, 2: quibus egestas imperat, rules, governs, Enn. ap. Cic. Div. 1, 58, 132 (Trag. v. 357 Vahl.): imperat arvis, holds control over, i. e. forces to be productive, Verg. G. 1, 99; cf.: sola terrae seges imperatur, Tac. G. 26: fertilibus agris non est imperandum, Sen. Tranq. 15: sic imperant vitibus et eas multis palmitibus onerant, Col. 3, 3, 6: alius patrimonio suo plus imperavit quam ferre possit, Sen. Tranq. 4; cf. also trop.: tamquam nescias, cui imperem: Epicurum, id. Ep. 29 fin.: dum per continuos dies nimis imperat voci, rursus sanguinem reddidit, Plin. Ep. 5, 19, 6: imperat ergo viro (mulier), Juv. 6, 224.
        Absol.: animum rege, qui, nisi paret, Imperat, Hor. Ep. 1, 2, 63: permittat, an vetet an imperet (lex), Quint. 7, 7, 7: (eloquentia) hic regnat, hic imperat, hic sola vincit, id. 7, 4, 24.
    3. C. In publicists’ lang., to order the citizens to assemble, to summon: dein consul eloquitur ad exercitum: Impero qua convenit ad comitia centuriata, Varr. L. L. 6, § 88 Müll.; Gell. 15, 27, 4; so comically, Plaut. Capt. 1, 2, 52; cf. id. Cist. 1, 1, 60.
    4. D. In medic. lang., to order, prescribe: non idem imperassem omnibus per diversa aegrotantibus, Sen. de Ira, 1, 16; Plin. 24, 1, 1, § 5: si vires patiuntur, imperanda tridui abstinentia est, Cels. 7, 20.
    5. E. In gram.: imperandi declinatus, i. e. inflections of the imperative, Varr. L. L. 10, § 32 Müll.
      Hence, impĕ-rātum, i, n., that which is commanded, a command, order: jussus arma abicere, imperatum facit, executes the order, obeys, Caes. B. G. 5, 37, 1; freq. in plur.: imperata facere, id. ib. 2, 3, 3; 5, 20 fin.; 6, 10, 3; id. B. C. 1, 60, 1; 2, 12, 4; 3, 34, 2 al.; cf.: imperata detrectare, Suet. Caes. 54: Senones ad imperatum non venire, according to orders, as ordered, Caes. B. G. 6, 2, 3.

* imperpĕtŭus (inp-), a, um, adj. [2. in-perpetuus], not perpetual, Sen. Ep. 72, 9.

imperscrūtābĭlis (inp-), e, adj. [2. in-per-scrutabilis], impenetrable, inscrutable: pater, Cassiod. Hist. Eccl. 1, 14; Hilar. Trin. 11, 47.

impersōnālis (inp-), e, adj. [2. inpersonalis], impersonal: verba, in grammar, Charis. 2 and 3; Diom. 1 et saep.
Adv.: impersōnālĭter, impersonally: sive impersonaliter dari servus meus stipuletur, i. e. without naming the person, Dig. 45, 3, 15.
Gramm. t. t., Macr. de Diff. 20, 3.

* impersōnātīvus (inp-), i, m. (sc. modus) [2. in-persona], the impersonal mood, i. e. the infinitive, Diom. p. 331 P.

imperspĭcābĭlis (inp-), e, adj. [2. inperspicabilis], that cannot be seen through, inscrutable, incomprehensible: majestas, Cassiod. de An. 3; Ambros. de Fide, 3, 14, § 110.

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