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* tūrālis (thūr-), e, adj. [tus], of or belonging to incense, incense-: arca, Serv. Verg. A. 5, 745.

tūrārĭus (thūr-), a, um, adj. [tus], of or belonging to frankincense.

  1. I. In gen.
    1. A. Adj.: tibiae, incense-flutes, i. e. flutes played upon while the incense was burned at sacrifices, Sol. 5 med. (called also tibiae sacrificae Tuscorum, Plin. 16, 36, 66, § 172; cf. Verg. G. 2, 193).
    2. B. Subst.: tūrārĭus, ii, m., a dealer in frankincense, Firm. Math. 8, 25 fin.; Tert. Idol. 11; Inscr. Orell. 4291; cf. Marini, Fratr. Arv. p. 338.
  2. II. Vicus Turarius, a street in Rome, in the eighth region, Ascon. Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 59, § 154.

† turba, ae, f. [= τύρβη; cf. Sanscr. turāmi, to hasten; turas, hasty; Lat. turma],

  1. I. a turmoil, hubbub, uproar, disorder, tumult, commotion, disturbance, of a crowd of people (syn. tumultus): praetor ait: cujus dolo malo in turbā damnum quod factum esse dicetur … Turbam appellatam Labeo ait ex genere tumultūs, idque verbum ex Graeco tractum ἀπὸ τοῦ θορυβεῖν. Turbam autem ex quo numero admittimus? Si duo rixam commiserint, utique non accipiemus in turbā id factum, quia duo turba non proprie dicentur. Enimvero si plures fuerint, decem aut quindecim homines, turba dicentur. Quid ergo, si tres aut quattuor? Turba utique non erit. Et rectissime Labeo inter turbam et rixam multum interesse ait; namque turbam multitudinis hominum esse turbationem et coetum, rixam etiam duorum, Dig. 47, 8, 4: turba et confusio rerum, Cic. Fam. 6, 6, 13; cf.: ut exsistat ex populo turba et confusio, id. Rep. 1, 45, 69: vis belli ac turba, id. Rosc. Am. 32, 91: multitudo ac turba fugientium, Caes. B. C. 2, 35: turbā atque seditionibus sine curā aluntur, Sall. C. 37, 3.
    Plur.: seditiones turbaeque populares, Quint. 2, 16, 2; cf. Tac. H. 4, 1 fin.: efficere turbas in castris, Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 12, § 31: turba est nunc apud aram, Plaut. Poen. 1, 2, 53: inter Officium turbamque sacri vocesque precantūm, Ov. M. 12, 33: festaque confusā resonabat regia turbā, id. ib. 12, 214 et saep.
  2. II. Transf.
    1. A. In gen., for a disturbance made by a few or a single person, a brawl, confusion, disturbance, quarrel (in good prose rare): non vides, quam turbam quosve fluctus concites? Att. ap. Non. 524, 26: turba atque rixa, Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 66, § 149: fugiam intro, ne quid hic turbae fiat itidem, Plaut. Aul. 2, 9, 9: Amphitruo actutum uxori turbas conciet, id. Am. 1, 2. 14: quas mihi filius turbas turbet, id. Bacch. 4, 10, 1: ebrius turbam aliquam dare, Caecil. ap. Non. 525, 4: jam tum inceperat Turba inter eos, Ter. Eun. 4, 4, 59; 4, 1, 2; 4, 3, 11; id. Heaut. 1, 2, 16; 5, 2, 17.
    2. B. Concr., a crowd, throng, multitude, mob; a band, train, troop, etc.
      1. 1. Of persons (freq. and class.; cf.: multitudo, vulgus): in foro turbāque, Cic. Rep. 1, 17, 28: domus praetoria turbā referta, id. Verr. 2, 1, 52, § 137: ut te eripias ex eā, quam ego congessi in hunc sermonem, turbā patronorum, id. Brut. 97, 332: admiratio vulgi atque turbae, id. Fam. 7, 1, 13: cum ex hac turbā et colluvione discedam, id. Sen. 23, 85: videt in turbā Verrem, id. Verr. 1, 7, 19: turbae carmina, Manil. 2, 136.
        With gen.: Iliadum turbā comitata, Verg. A. 2, 580: omnis Circi, Quint. 1, 6, 45: hominum ejus aetatis, id. 1, 2, 2: discipulorum, id. 10, 5, 21: omnis eum stipata tegebat Turba ducum, Verg. A. 11, 13: scriptorum, Prop. 3 (4), 1, 12: Dario majorem turbam hominum esse, virorum sibi, Just. 11, 14, 10: forensem turbam in quattuor tribus conjecit, Liv. 9, 46, 14: consul alter velut unus, militaris turba erat, id. 22, 42, 3: conferta turba iter reliquum clauserat, id. 39, 49, 9: Quiritium, Hor. C. 1, 1, 7: clientium, id. ib. 3, 1, 13: poëtarum seniorum, id. S. 1, 10, 67: pauperiorum, id. ib. 1, 1, 111: mea turba, Liv. 6, 15, 10.
        Esp., the common crowd, = vulgus: turba patronorum, Cic. Brut. 97, 332.
      2. 2. Without the notion of a crowd or confusion, a great number, multitude: quid tibi de turbā narrem numeroque virorum? Ov. H. 15 (16), 181: plebes, turbā conspectior cum dignitates deessent, Liv. 22, 40, 4.
      3. 3. Of other things, animate or inanimate, a crowd, throng, troop, multitude, number: turba ignotorum deorum, Cic. N. D. 1, 15, 39: praeter vulgum turbamque animantum, Lucr. 2, 920: ferarum, Ov. M. 11, 44: canum, id. ib. 4, 722: volucrum, id. ib. 10, 144: luporum, Sil. 7, 129: materiaï, Lucr. 1, 1113; 2, 127: refertis itineribus agrestium turbā pecorumque, Liv. 26, 10, 8; cf. Ov. M. 10, 106: rotarum, id. ib. 6, 219: jaculorum, id. P. 4, 7, 35: vulnerum, Plin. 11, 37, 61, § 162: castrensium negotiorum, Plin. Ep. 9, 25, 1.
        Of a speech: mediocria in mediam turbam atque in gregem coiciantur, Cic. de Or. 2, 77, 314: inanium verborum, Quint. 8, 2, 17: argumentorum, id. 4, 2, 82; cf. id. 6, 1, 1; 4, 5, 7; 5, 13, 12.

turbāmentum, i, n. [turbo], a means of disturbance (very rare): turbamenta reipublicae, Sall. Or. Lepid. 11: turbamenta vulgi, Tac. H. 1, 23.

turbassit = turbaverit, v. turbo.

turbātē, adv., v. 1. turbo, P. a. fin.

turbātĭo, ōnis, f. [1. turbo], confusion, disorder, disturbance (perh. not ante-Aug.; cf.: conturbatio, perturbatio): turbam multitudinis hominum esse turbationem et coetum, rixam etiam duorum, Dig. 48, 8, 4 (v. turba init.): rerum, Liv. 24, 28, 1: reipublicae, Flor. 4, 6, 2: coloris et vultūs, Gell. 19, 1, 6: non sine magnā turbatione, App. M. 11, p. 271, 30.

turbātor, ōris, m. [1. turbo], a troubler, disquieter, disturber (not ante-Aug.): turbatores vulgi erant tribuni plebis, Liv. 4, 48, 1; so, vulgi, id. 4, 2, 7: plebis (Gracchi et Saturnini), Tac. A. 3, 27: Germaniae (Arminius), id. ib. 1, 55; cf. id. ib. 1, 30: otii, Sen. Contr. 3, 17 fin.
Plur.: turbatores belli, stirrers up of war, Liv. 2, 16, 4.

turbātrix, īcis, f. [turbator], she that troubles, disquiets, or disturbs (poet. and very rare): turbatrix fama, Stat. Th. 4, 369: pacis, Prud. Psych. 668.

turbātus, a, um, Part. and P. a. of 1. turbo.

turbellae or turbēlae, ārum, f. dim. [turba].

  1. I. A bustle, stir, row (only in vulg. lang.): tantas turbellas facio, Plaut. Bacch. 4, 9, 134; so id. Ps. 1, 1, 108; App. de Deo Socr. p. 48, 20.
  2. * II. A little crowd, multitude: populi circumfluentis, App. M. 4, p. 151, 39 al.

turben, ĭnis, v. 2. turbo init.

turbĭdē, adv., v. turbidus fin.

turbĭdo, āvi, ātum, 1, v. a. [turbidus], to trouble, to make turbid, to disturb, obscure (post-class.).

  1. I. Lit.: aquam, Sol. 49 fin.: aër turbidatus, Mart. Cap. 2, § 165.
  2. II. Trop.: laetitiam, Mart. Cap. 1, § 67; cf.: serenitatem animae, Sid. Ep. 6, 2.

* turbĭdŭlus, a, um, adj. dim. [id.], somewhat disturbed or confused: sensus, Prud. Apoth. 276.

turbĭdus, a, um, adj. [turba], full of confusion or disorder, wild, confused, disordered (class.; cf.: agitatus, tumultuosus).

  1. I. Lit.: turbida tempestas heri fuit, wild, stormy, Plaut. Rud. 4, 3, 3: tempestas, Lucr. 4, 169; 6, 376; Cic. Inv 1, 3, 4; Caes. B. C. 2, 22; Suet. Calig. 15: tempestas telorum, Verg. A. 12, 283: Auster, Hor. C. 3, 3, 5: aequora ponti, Lucr. 5, 1000: scaturiges, Liv. 44, 33, 3: nubila, Verg. A. 4, 245: caelum inmite ac turbidum, Plin. Ep. 8, 17, 1: imber, Verg. A. 12, 685: caligine atrā Pulvis, id. ib. 11, 876: coma, Ov. H. 10, 16: freta ventis Turbida, id. ib. 17 (18), 7.
    1. B. In partic., of fluids, troubled, thick, muddy, turbid: aqua, Cic. Tusc. 5, 34, 97: torrentes, Quint. 12, 10, 19: turbidus caeno gurges, Verg. A. 6, 296: auro turbidus Hermus, id. G. 2, 137.
  2. II. Trop., troubled, disordered, disturbed, perplexed, violent, boisterous, turbulent, vehement: mens, quae omni turbido motu semper vacet, Cic. Tusc. 1, 33, 80: turbidi animorum, concitatique motus, id. ib. 4, 15, 34: mores, Plaut. Trin. 2, 2, 18: ingenium, Tac. A. 14, 59: Venulo adversum se turbidus infert, Verg. A. 11, 742; 9, 57: turbidus et clamosus altercator, Quint. 6, 4, 15: reduxit in hiberna turbidos et nihil ausos, mutinous, seditious, Tac. A. 1, 38; so, civitas, id. H. 4, 11: ex oculis se turbidus abstulit Arruns, frightened, confused, Verg. A. 11, 814; cf. frons, Sen. Hippol. 432: acies oculi, id. Herc. Fur. 954: lumen lunae, id. Hippol. 790: puella, Ov. A. A. 3, 246: C. Caesar turbidus animi, Tac. H. 4, 48: turbidus irae, Sil. 12, 417; for which: turbidus irā, Stat. S. 3, 1, 39: turbidus ausi, Sil. 13, 214: res timida aut turbida, i. e. troubled, dangerous, perilous, Plaut. Most. 5, 1, 11; cf.: res turbidas tractare, Enn. ap. Cic. de Or. 1, 45, 199 (Trag. v. 189 Vahl.): esse in turbidis rebus, Cic. Phil. 2, 16, 39: hoc tum turbido tempore, Nep. Pelop. 4, 1.
    Comp.: pectora sunt ipso turbidiora mari, Ov. Tr. 1, 11, 34: tumultuosius atque turbidius, Quint. 3, 8, 60.
    Sup.: turbidissimus quisque, Tac. H. 3, 49: actiones, Quint. 1, 10, 28.
        1. b. Neutr. absol.: si turbidissima sapienter ferebas, the most perilous or troubled circumstances, Cic. Fam. 6, 14, 3: nisi quod in turbido minus perspicuum fore putent quid agatur, in confused or troubled times, Liv. 3, 40, 10; so, in turbido, Sen. Ep. 3, 5; Tac. H. 1, 21; Curt. 4, 3, 18.
          Turbidum, adverb.: mens turbidum Laetatur, confusedly, Hor. C. 2, 19, 6.
          Hence, adv.: turbĭdē, in disorder, confusedly, Cic. Tusc. 4, 10, 24; Tac. A. 3, 12; Gell. 5, 9, 6.

* turbĭnātĭo, ōnis, f. [turbinatus], a pointing in the form of a cone: piri, Plin. 15, 21, 23, § 85.

turbĭnātus, a, um, adj. [2. turbo], coneshaped, pointed like a cone, conical.

  1. I. In gen.: adamas … turbinatus in mucronem, Plin. 37, 4, 15, § 56; 11, 37, 69, § 181.
    Comp.: turbinatior piris figura, Plin. 15, 15, 17, § 58.
  2. II. As adj. propr.: lapis Turbinatus, Inscr. Orell. 3304 and 6616.

* turbĭnĕus, a, um, adj. [2. turbo], shaped like a top, cone-shaped: vortex, Ov. M. 8, 556.

1. turbo, āvi, ātum, 1, v. a. (fut. perf. turbassit, for turbaverit, Cic. Leg. 3, 4; al. turbassitur) [turba], to disturb, agitate, confuse, disorder; to throw into disorder or confusion (freq. and class.; syn.: confundo, misceo, agito).

  1. I. Lit.: ventorum vi agitari atque turbari mare, Cic. Clu. 49, 138: aequora ventis, Lucr. 2, 1: hibernum mare, Hor. Epod. 15, 8; Ov. M. 7, 154; 14, 545 al.: eversae turbant convivia mensae, id. ib. 12, 222; cf. in a poet. transf.: ancipiti quoniam bello turbatur utrimque, Lucr. 6, 377: ne comae turbarentur, quas componi vetuit, Quint. 11, 3, 148: ne turbet toga mota capillos, Ov. Am. 3, 2, 75: capillos, id. M. 8, 859; id. Am. 3, 14, 33; cf. in a Greek construction: turbata capillos, id. M. 4, 474: ceram, the seal, Quint. 12, 8, 13: uvae recentes alvum turbant, Plin. 23, 1, 6, § 10.
    Absol.: instat, turbatque ruitque, Ov. M. 12, 134.
    Reflex.: cum mare turbaret (sc. se), Varr. R. R. 3, 17, 7 Schneid. ad loc. (al. turbaretur).
    1. B. In partic.
      1. 1. Milit. t. t., to throw into disorder, break the line of battle, disorganize: equitatus turbaverat ordines, Liv. 3, 70, 9: aciem peditum, id. 30, 18, 10.
        Absol.: equites eruptione factā in agmen modice primo impetu turbavere, Liv. 38, 13, 12: turbantibus invicem copiis, Flor. 4, 2, 49: hic rem Romanam, magno turbante tumultu, sistet, Verg. A. 6, 857.
      2. 2. Of water, to trouble, make thick or turbid: lacus, Ov. M. 6, 364: fons quem nulla volucris turbarat, id. ib. 3, 410: flumen imbre, id. ib. 13, 889: limo aquam, Hor. S. 1, 1, 60: aquas lacrimis, Ov. M. 3, 475; cf.: pulvis sputo turbatus, Petr. 131.
  2. II. Trop.: non modo illa permiscuit, sed etiam delectum atque ordinem turbavit, Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 50, § 123: qui omnia inflma summis paria fecit, turbavit, miscuit, id. Leg. 3, 9, 19: Aristoteles quoque multa turbat, a magistro Platone non dissentiens, id. N. D. 1, 13, 33: quantas res turbo! Plaut. Mil. 3, 2, 1: quas meus filius turbas turbet, id. Bacch. 4, 9, 1; cf.: quae meus filius turbavit, id. ib. 5, 1, 5; id. Cas. 5, 2, 6: ne quid ille turbet vide, Cic. Q. Fr. 3, 1, 7, § 24: haec, quae in re publicā turbantur, id. ib. 3, 9, 3: cum dies alicui nobilium dicta novis semper certaminibus contiones turbaret, Liv. 3, 66, 2: ne incertā prole auspicia turbarentur, id. 4, 6, 2: milites nihil in commune turbantes, Tac. H. 1, 85: turbantur (testes), Quint. 5, 7, 11; cf. id. 4, 5, 6; 5, 14, 29; 10, 7, 6: spem pacis, Liv. 2, 16, 5.
    Absol.: Ph. Ea nos perturbat. Pa. Dum ne reducam, turbent porro, quam velint, Ter. Hec. 4, 4, 12 (cf. I. B. 1. supra): repente turbare Fortuna coepit, Tac. A. 4, 1: si una alterave civitas turbet, id. ib. 3, 47: M. Servilius postquam, ut coeperat, omnibus in rebus turbarat, i. e. had deranged all his affairs, Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 8, 2.
    Impers. pass.: nescio quid absente nobis turbatum’st domi, Ter. Eun. 4, 3, 7: totis Usque adeo turbatur agris, Verg. E. 1, 12: si in Hispaniā turbatum esset, Cic. Sull. 20, 57.
    Hence, turbātus, a, um, P. a., troubled, disturbed, disordered, agitated, excited.
    1. A. Lit.: turbatius mare ingressus, more stormy, Suet. Calig. 23: turbatius caelum, id. Tib. 69.
    2. B. Trop.: hostes inopinato malo turbati, Caes. B. C. 2, 12: oculis simul ac mente turbatus, Liv. 7, 26, 5: turbatus religione simul ac periculo, Suet. Ner. 19; cf.: turbatus animi, Sil. 14, 678: placare voluntates turbatas, Cic. Planc. 4, 11: seditionibus omnia turbata sunt, Sall. Or. Phil. contr. Lepid. 1: turbata cum Romanis pax, Just. 18, 2, 10: omnia soluta, turbata atque etiam in contrarium versa, Plin. Ep. 8, 14, 7; cf.: quae si confusa, turbata, permixta sunt, etc., id. ib. 9, 5, 3.
      Hence, adv.: turbātē, confusedly, disorderly: aguntur omnia raptim atque turbate, in confusion, Caes. B. C. 1, 5, 1.

2. turbo, ĭnis, m. (collat. form tur-ben, ĭnis, n., Tib. 1, 5, 3; id. ap. Charis. p. 118 P.; gen. turbonis, Caes. ib.) [1. turbo], that which spins or twirls round (cf. vertex).

  1. I. A whirlwind, hurricane, tornado: ventus circumactus et eundem ambiens locum et se ipse vertigine concitans turbo est. Qui si pugnacior est ac diutius volutatur, inflammatur, et efficit, quem πρηστῆρα Graeci vocant: hic est igneus turbo, Sen. Q. N. 5, 13, 3: falsum est faces et trabes turbine exprimi, id. ib. 7, 5, 1; 2, 22, 2; id. Ep. 109, 18: procellae, turbines, Cic. N. D. 3, 20, 51; cf.: saevi exsistunt turbines, Pac. ap. Cic. de Or. 3, 39, 157 (Trag. Rel. p. 111 Rib.); Enn. ap. Schol. Vat. ad Ter. Heaut. 2, 3, 4 (Ann. v. 553 Vahl.): venti vis rapido percurrens turbine campos, Lucr. 1, 273; cf. id. 1, 279; 1, 294; 5, 217; Ov. M. 6, 310: senatus decrevit, ut Minerva, quam turbo dejecerat, restitueretur, Cic. Fam. 12, 25, 1: turbo aut subita tempestas, id. Cael. 32, 79: pulvis collectus turbine, Hor. S. 1, 4, 31: venti rotanti turbine portant, Lucr. 1, 294: ita turbine nigro Ferret hiemps, Verg. G. 1, 320: venti ruunt et terras turbine perflant, id. A. 1, 83: accendi turbine quodam aëris, Sen. Q. N. 7, 4, 1.
    In apposition with ventus: exoritur ventus turbo, Plaut. Curc. 5, 2, 47: circumstabant navem turbines venti, id. Trin. 4, 1, 16.
    1. B. Trop., whirlwind, storm, etc.: qui in maximis turbinibus ac fluctibus rei publicae navem gubernassem, Cic. Pis. 9, 20: tu, procella patriae, turbo ac tempestas pacis atque otii, id. Dom. 53, 137: ego te in medio versantem turbine leti Eripui, Cat. 64, 149: cum illi soli essent duo rei publicae turbines, Cic. Sest. 11, 25: miserae mentis, Ov. Am. 2, 9, 28: miserarum rerum, id. M. 7, 614: nescio quo miserae turbine mentis agor, id. Am. 2, 9, 28: Gradivi, i. e. tumult of war, Sil. 11, 101: virtutem turbine nullo Fortuna excutiet tibi, Luc. 2, 243: horum mala, turbo quīs rerum imminet, Sen. Agam. 196.
  2. II. Lit., a spinning-top, whipping-top, Verg. A. 7, 378 sq.; Tib. 1, 5, 3.
    1. B. Transf., of things that have the shape or whirling motion of a top, as a reel, whirl, spindle, etc., Cic. Fat. 18, 42; Varr. ap. Serv. Verg. A. 1, 449; Hor. Epod. 17, 7; Cat. 64, 315; Ov. M. 1, 336; Plin. 2, 10, 7, § 47; 9, 36, 61, § 130; 27, 4, 5, § 14; 36, 13, 19, § 90; 37, 4, 15, § 56.
  3. III. A whirling motion, a whirl, twirl, twist, rotation, revolution, a round, circle (mostly poet.): cum caeli turbine ferri, Lucr. 5, 624: lunae, id. 5, 632: ignium, id. 6, 640; cf. Verg. A. 3, 573: teli (contorti), id. ib. 6, 594; cf. id. ib. 11, 284; Luc. 3, 465; Sil. 4, 542: saxi, whirling force, circular hurling, Verg. A. 12, 531: serpentis, i. e. the coiling, Sil. 3, 191: Aegaeus, whirlpool, vortex, Claud. Laud. Stil. 1, 287; so, rapax, Stat Th. 4, 813: verterit hunc (servum in emancipatione) dominus, momento turbinis exit Marcus Dama, i. e. of whirling round, Pers. 5, 78: militiae turbine factus eques, i. e. through the round of military gradation or promotion, Ov. Am. 3, 15, 6: vulgi, i. e. a throng, crowd, Claud. II. Cons. Stil. 200.

3. Turbo, ōnis, m., the name of a gladiator, Hor. S. 2, 3, 310.

turbor, ōris, m. [1. turbo], restlessness, unquietness, disturbance, tumult (late Lat.), Cael. Aur. Acut. 1, 15, n. 149; 2, 1 med.

turbŭla, ae, f. dim. [turba], a disorderly group, a little crowd of people (Appuleian): turbulae complent totas plateas, App. M. 11, p. 260, 16; 11, p. 159, 27; 4, p. 151, 39.

turbŭlentē, adv., v. turbulentus fin.

turbŭlenter, adv. [turbulentus], in a turbulent manner, confusedly, tumultuously, etc.: nihil turbulenter, nihil temere facere, Cic. Fam. 2, 16, 7.

turbŭlentĭa, ae, f. [turbulentus], trouble, disquiet, turbulence (post-class.), Tert. adv. Prax. 29 fin.; id. adv. Herm. 41.

turbŭlento, āre, v. a. [turbulentus], to trouble, disturb (post-class.): me strepitu turbulentant, App. M. 9, p. 222, 16; 2, p. 120, 9.

turbŭlentus, a, um, adj. [turba], full of trouble or commotion.

  1. I. Pass., restless, agitated, confused, disturbed, boisterous, stormy, tempestuous (class.; syn. tumultuosus): tempestas, stormy, Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 10, § 26; Plaut. Rud. 4, 4, 143; Auct. B. Alex. 45, 2: loci Neptunii, Plaut. Mil. 2, 5, 3: aqua, turbid, muddy, Phaedr. 1, 1, 5: atomorum turbulenta concursio, confused, Cic. Fin. 1, 6, 20: est igitur quiddam turbulentum in hominibus singulis, id. Rep. 3, 35, 49 (Non. 301, 6): res publica, id. Fam. 12, 10, 3: heu edepol res turbulentas! Plaut. Ep. 1, 1, 68: praeda, id. Rud. 4, 4, 142: ea sunt et turbulenta et temeraria et periculosa, Cic. Caecin. 12, 34: errores, id. N. D. 2, 28, 70: animi, stirred up, aroused, excited, id. Tusc. 4, 5, 9.
    Comp.: turbulentior inde annus excepit, Liv. 2, 61, 1.
    Sup.: turbulentissimum tempus (opp. tranquillissimum), Cic. Pis. 15, 33; id. Fam. 9, 1.
  2. II. Act., making trouble, troublesome, turbulent, factious, seditious: turba plerumque est turbulenta, Varr. ap. Gell. 13, 11, 3: P. Decius fuit ut vita sic oratione etiam turbulentus, Cic. Brut. 28, 108: seditiosus civis et turbulentus, id. de Or. 2, 11, 48: turbulenti et mali cives, id. ib. 2, 31, 135: tribuni, Tac. H. 2, 38: contiones, Cic. Att. 4, 3, 4; Quint. 5, 13, 39: consilia Antonii, Cic. Att. 15, 4, 1: minae populi, Quint. 2, 20, 8.
    Sup.: tribuni plebis, Caes. B. C. 1, 5: leges, Suet. Caes. 16.
    Hence, adv.: turbŭlen-tē, in a turbulent manner, confusedly, tumultuously, boisterously, with violence (cf. also turbulenter).
          1. (α) Form turbulente: qui non turbulente humana patiantur, without agitation, composedly, Cic. Tusc. 4, 28, 60: se gerere, Dig. 48, 19, 28, § 3.
          2. (β) Form turbulenter: nihil turbulenter, nihil temere facere, Cic. Fam. 2, 16, 7.
            Comp.: egit de Caepione turbulentius, Cic. Part. Or. 30, 105.
            Sup.: regere, Sid. Ep. 2, 13 med.

* turbystum or turbistum, i, n., a drug used by painters to facilitate the reception of a color, a mordant: scytatum atque turbystum, Plin. 33, 5, 26, § 88.

turda, ae, v. turdus.

turdārĭum, ii, n. [turdus], a place where thrushes are kept, Varr. L. L. 6, § 2 Müll.

‡ turdelix, icis; of uncertain signif., Varr. L. L. 6, § 2 Müll.

Turdētāni, ōrum, m., a people of Hispania Baetica, near the mod. Seville, Liv. 21, 6, 1; 34, 17, 2.
In a comic lusus verbb. with turdus (a thrush), Plaut. Capt. 1, 2, 60.
Hence, Turdētānia, ae, f., the country of the Turdetani, Turdetania: in Turdetaniam proficiscitur, Liv. 34, 17, 1; 28, 39, 11.

Turdŭli, ōrum, m., a people in Bœtica, living to the east of the Turdetani, Varr. R. R. 2, 10, 4; Liv. 28, 39, 8.
Hence, Tur-dŭlus, a, um, adj., of or relating to the Turduli: bellum, Liv. 34, 20, 2.

turdus, i, m. (collat. form turda, ae, f., Pers. 6, 24; denied by Varr. L. L. 9, § 55 Müll.; cf. id. R. R. 3, 5, 6) [cf. O. H. Germ. trosca; Angl. Sax. throsle; Engl. thrush].

  1. I. Lit., a thrush, a fieldfare, Plin. 10, 25, 36, § 73; Varr. R. R. 3, 2, 15; 3, 5, 1 sq.; Col. 8, 10; Hor. Ep. 1, 15, 41; id. Epod. 2, 34; id. S. 2, 2, 74; 2, 5, 10; Mart. 13, 92, 1 al.
  2. II. Transf., a kind of fish, a seacarp, Plin. 32, 11, 53, § 151; Col. 8, 16, 8; 8, 17, 8; cf. Varr. L. L. 5, 12, 23; Quint. 8, 2, 8.

tūrĕus (thūrĕus), a, um, adj. [tus], of frankincense: solis est turea virga Sabaeis, the frankincense-shrub, Verg. G. 2, 117; so, virga, Ov. M. 4, 255: planta, Col. 3, 8, 4: grana, Ov. F. 4, 410: dona, Verg. A. 6, 225: altaria, on which incense is burned, Stat. Th. 4, 412.

turgĕo, rsi, gēre, v. n. [cf. Gr. σπαργάω, to swell; σφριγάω, to be full; perh. Sanscr. root ūrgā, succulence; Gr. ὀργάω, to swell, etc.], to swell out, be swollen or tumid (mostly poet.; not in Cic.; cf. tumeo).

  1. I. Lit.: si lienes turgent, Cato, R. R. 157, 7: Cyclopis venter turserat alte, Enn. ap. Prisc. p. 870 P. (Ann. v. 326 Vahl.): ora (ab ictu), Ov. F. 3, 757: lumina gemitu, Prop. 1, 21, 3: mammae, Plin. 20, 13, 51, § 141: rana, Prop. 3, 6 (4, 5), 27: laeto in palmite gemmae, Verg. E. 7, 48: frumenta, id. G. 1, 315: herba, Ov. M. 15, 203: caules, Plin. 12, 17, 37, § 73: uva mero, Mart. 13, 68, 2: sacculus pleno ore, Juv. 14, 138.
  2. II. Trop.
    1. A. In gen.: turgent mendacia nimiis monstris, i. e. are full, Claud. in Eutr. 1, 350: (uxor) turget mihi, i. e. is swelling with anger, is enraged, Plaut. Cas. 2, 5, 17; so id. Most. 3, 2, 10.
    2. B. Of speech, to be inflated, turgid, bombastic: oratio, quae turget et inflata est, Auct. Her. 4, 10, 45: professus grandia turget, Hor. A. P. 27.

turgesco, ĕre, v. inch. n. [turgeo], to begin to swell, to swell up, swell.

  1. I. Lit.: ne aqua in eorum corpore turgescat, Varr. R. R. 8, 9, 13: hoc (umore) aetas illa (puerilis) turgescit, Quint. 11, 3, 28: prima Ceres docuit turgescere semen in agris, Ov. Am. 3, 10, 11: brassica valido caule, Col. poët. 10, 325: virgulta, Plin. 8, 50, 76, § 200: hic satur irriguo mavult turgescere somno, i. e. to grow fat or stout, Pers. 5, 56: bullatis nugis Pagina turgescit, i. e. is full, id. 5, 18.
  2. II. Trop.
    1. A. To swell with passion: sapientis animus numquam turgescit, numquam tumet, Cic. Tusc. 3, 9, 19: cor turgescit tristibus iris, id. poët. id. ib. 3, 9, 18: turgescit vitrea bilis, Pers. 3, 8.
    2. B. Of speech, to be inflated, turgid: genus dicendi, quod immodico tumore turgescit, Quint. 12, 10, 73.

turgĭdŭlus, a, um, adj. dim. [turgidus], swollen: ocelli flendo, Cat. 3, 18.

turgĭdus, a, um, adj. [turgeo], swollen, inflated, distended, turgid (class.; syn. tumidus).

  1. I. Lit.: membrum tumidum ac turgidum, Cic. Tusc. 3, 9, 19: oculi, Plaut. Mil. 4, 3, 15: labra, Mart. 6, 39, 8: venter, App. M. 6, p. 176, 40; cf.: aqua subter cutem fusa turgidus, Plin. 7, 45, 46, § 148: haedus, Cui frons turgida cornibus, Hor. C. 3, 13, 4: loca semine, Lucr. 4, 1034: mare, Hor. C. 1, 3, 19; cf.: fluvii hibernā nive, id. ib. 4, 12, 4: vento vela, id. ib. 2, 10, 24; Ov. Am. 2, 11, 42: (femina), i. e. pregnant, id. A. A. 2, 661.
  2. II. Trop., of speech, inflated, turgid (very rare): oratio, Petr. 2, 6: Alpinus, Hor. S. 1, 10, 36: alto fastu, Claud. Laud. Stil. 2, 158.

turgor, ōris, m. [turgeo], a swelling, turgidity (post-class.), Mart. Cap. 2, § 135; 5, § 566.

Tūrĭa, ae, m., a river in Hispania Tarraconensis, now the Turia or Guadalaviar, Mel. 2, 6, 6; Sall. H. 2, 96, 6 Dietsch; 2, 18 ib.
Called also Tūrĭum, ii, n., Plin. 3, 3, 4, § 20.
Hence, Tūrĭensis, e, adj., of or pertaining to Turia: proelium (in the Sertorian war), Cic. Balb. 2, 5.

Tŭrĭānus, a, um, v. Turius.

tūrĭbŭlum (thūr-), i, n. [tus].

  1. I. Lit., a vessel to burn incense in, a censer, Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 21, § 46; Liv. 29, 14, 13; Curt. 8, 9, 23; Val. Max. 3, 3, ext. 1; Aus. Idyll. 12, 104; Prud. Apoth. 479.
  2. II. Transf., a constellation, otherwise called Ara, German. Arat. 390; Vitr. 9, 7.

tūrĭcrĕmus (thūr-), a, um, adj. [tuscremo], incense-burning, for burning incense (poet.): arae, Lucr. 2, 353; Verg. A. 4, 453: foci, Ov. H. 2, 18: ignes, Luc. 9, 989.

tūrĭfĕr (thūr-), fĕra, fĕrum, adj. [tusfero], incense-bearing, that bears, yields, or produces incense: Indus, Ov. F. 3, 720: regio, Plin. 6, 23, 26, § 104: Sabaei, Val. Fl. 6, 138; cf. Arabes, Claud. III. Cons. Hon. 71: silvae, id. Rapt. Pros. 2, 81: grex, that offers frankincense, i. e. idolaters, heathen, Prud. Apoth. 359.

tūrĭfĭcātor (thūr-), ōris, m. [turifico], one that offers incense to the gods, i. e. an idolater, Aug. contr. Liter. Petil. c. 103.

tūrĭfĭco, āvi, 1, v. n. [tus-facio], to burn incense, offer incense (eccl. Lat.), Aug. Ep. 87, 2.
Hence, subst.: tūrĭfĭcātus (thūr-), i, m., one that offers incense (to the gods), a term applied to those Christians who sacrificed to the heathen gods in time of persecution, Cyprian. Ep. 55.

* tūrĭlĕgus, a, um, adj. [tus-lego], incense-gathering: Arabes, Ov. F. 4, 569.

turĭo, ōnis, m., a shoot, sprout, tendril, young branch of a tree, Col. 12, 50, 5; Apic. 8, 1.

Turĭum, ii, v. Turia.

Tŭrĭus, i, m., the name of a Roman gens.

  1. I. Q. Turius, Cic. Fam. 12, 26, 1.
  2. II. C. Turius, Hor. S. 2, 1, 49.
    Hence, Tŭrĭ-ānus, a, um, adj., of or belonging to a Turius, Turian: hereditas, of Q. Turius, Cic Fam. 12, 26, 2: cassia, a peculiar kind so called, Dig. 39, 4, 16, § 7.

turma, ae, f. [Sanscr. root tvar-, tur-, hasten; v. turba], a division of Roman cav alry, the tenth part of an ala, consisting at first of thirty, and afterwards of thirty-two men; a troop, squadron of horse.

  1. I. Lit., Varr. L. L. 5, 16, 26; Veg. Mil. 2, 14; Fest p. 355; Caes. B. G. 4, 33; 6, 8; 7, 45; 7, 80, 7, 88; Hirt. B. G. 8, 19; Cic. Att. 5, 21, 10; id. Fam. 15, 4, 7; Hor. C. 2, 16, 22; id. Ep. 2, 1, 190 al.; cf. Becker, Antiq. 3, 2, p. 258 sq.
  2. II. Transf., in gen., a troop, crowd, throng, band, body: in turmā inauratarum equestrium (statuarum), Cic. Att. 6, 1, 17: immanis Titanum, Hor. C. 3, 4, 43: Iliae, id. C. S. 38: cristatae exercitus. Claud. III. Cons. Hon. 133; id. in Ruf. 2, 343: Alexan dri, Plin. 34, 8, 19, § 64: feminea, Ov. P. 4, 10, 51: Gallica, i. e. of priests of Isis, id. Am. 2, 13, 18.

turmālis, e, adj. [turma], of or belong ing to a troop or squadron.

  1. I. Lit., as subst.: turmāles, ium, m.: T. Manlius cum suis turmalibus evasit, i. e. with those of his squadron or troop, Liv. 8, 7, 1; 25, 18, 11.
  2. II. Transf.: non sanguine cretus Turmali trabeāque Remi, i. e. of the equestrian order, Stat. S. 5, 2, 17: buccina, a cav alry-trumpet, Claud. B. Gild. 447.
    In a pun Scipio ille major Corinthiis statuam pollicentibus eo loco, ubi aliorum essent impe ratorum, turmales dixit displicere, i. e horsemen, and also crowds, Cic. de Or. 2, 65, 262.
    Neutr. adverb.: Bellona mixta viris turmale fremit, like a whole squadron, Stat. Th. 4, 10.

turmārĭi, ōrum, m. [turma], recruiting officers of cavalry, Cod. Th. 6, 35, 3.

turmātim, adv. [turma].

  1. I. Lit., by troops or squadrons: equites se turmatim explicare coeperunt, Caes. B. C. 3, 93: nostri turmatim in eum devenerunt, Hirt. B. G. 8, 18: vagantibus circa moenia turmatim barbaris, Liv. 5, 39, 5: abire, id. 28, 13, 9 al.
  2. II. Transf., in gen., in troops, in bands: corpora turmatim certantia, Lucr. 2, 118.

Turnus, i, m.

  1. I. A king of the Rutuli, killed by Æneas, Liv. 1, 2, 3; Verg. A. 7, 344 sq.; Ov. M. 14, 451 sq.; Tib. 2, 5, 48; Suet. Ner. 54: Turni lacus, i. e. lacus Juturnae, Col. 10, 138.
  2. II. Turnus Herdonius, a Latin, the enemy of Tarquinius Superbus, Liv. 1, 50 sqq.

Tŭrŏnes, um, m., a people in Gallia Lugdunensis, on the Liger, near the site of the mod. Tours, Caes. B. G. 2, 35; 7, 4; Plin. 4, 18, 32, § 107.
Called afterwards Tŭrŏ-ni or Tŭrŏnĭi, ōrum, Tac. A. 3, 41; Caes. B. G. 7, 75; Hirt. B. G. 8, 46; Amm. 15, 11, 12.
Hence, Tŭrŏnĭcus, a, um, adj., of or belonging to the Turones, Turonic: ecclesiae episcopatus, of Tours, Sulp. Sev. Vit. S. Mart. 9.
Tŭrŏnĭcensis, e, Ven. Misc. 8, 21.

turpĭcŭlus, a, um, adj. dim. [turpis], ugly, foul, deformed.

  1. I. Lit.: nasus, Cat. 41, 3: res, Varr. L. L. 7, § 97 Müll.
  2. * II. Trop.: jocus in (rebus) turpiculis et quasi deformibus ponitur, Cic. de Or. 2, 61, 248.

turpīdo, ĭnis, f. [contr. from turpidudo], baseness, etc., Tert. Cor. Mil. 14; Cic. Rep. 1, 2, 2 MSS. (B. and K. turpitudinis; cf. Osann ad loc.).

* turpĭfĭcātus, a, um, adj. [turpisfacio], made foul or filthy, debased, deformed, corrupted; trop.: foeditas turpificati animi. Cic. Off. 3, 29, 105.

Turpĭlĭus, i, m.; Turpĭlĭa, ae, f., the name of a Roman gens. So, Sex. Turpilius, a Roman comic poet, a contemporary and friend of Terence, Cic. Fam. 9, 22, 1; cf. id. Tusc. 4, 34, 72.
Fem. Turpilia, Cic. Fam. 7, 21.

turpĭlŏquĭum, ii, n. [turpis-loquor], obscene or immodest speech, Tert. Pud. 17 fin.; Ambros. Fid. 5, 10, § 110.

* turpĭlŭcrī̆cŭpĭdus, i, adj. m. [turpis-lucrum-cupidus], = αισχροκερδής, covetous of base or dishonest gain, as a term of abuse, Plaut Trin. 1, 2, 63.

* turpĭlŭcrus, i, adj. m. [turpis-iucrum], making dishonest gain, Aug. Op. Mon. 13.

Turpĭo, ōnis, v. Ambivius.

turpis, e, adj. [Sanscr. root tarp-, to be ashamed], ugly, unsightly, unseemly, foul, filthy (class.; esp. freq. in a trop. sense; syn.: taeter, foedus, deformis, obscaenus, immundus).

  1. I. Lit.: aspectus deformis atque turpis, Cic. Off. 1, 35, 126; Plaut. Poen. 1, 2, 125: ornatus, id. ib. 1, 2, 94; cf. infra, II.: vestitus, Ter. Phorm. 1, 2, 57: colores foedā specie, Lucr. 2, 421: pes, Hor. S. 1, 2, 102: podex, id. Epod. 8, 5: rana, id. ib. 5, 19: pecus, id. S. 1, 3, 100: viri morbo, deformed, disfigured, id. C. 1, 37, 9: macies, id. ib. 3, 27, 53: scabies, Verg. G. 3, 441: podagrae, id. ib. 3, 299: udo membra flmo, i. e. befouled, id. A. 5, 358; cf. toral, Hor. Ep. 1, 5, 22; Mart. 7, 36, 5; 8, 79, 2.
    Sup.: simia quam similis turpissima bestia nobis, Enn. ap. Cic. N. D. 1, 35, 97 (Sat. v. 45 Vahl.)
  2. II. Transf., of sound, disagreeable, cacophonous: si etiam abfugit turpe visum est, Cic. Or. 47, 158.
  3. III. Trop., unseemly, shameful, disgraceful, base, infamous, scandalous, dishonorable (syn.: inhonestus, impurus, sordidus, indecorus): pulchrum ornatum turpes mores pejus caeno collinunt, Plaut. Most. 1, 3, 133: verbum, Ter. Heaut. 5, 4, 19: cum esset proposita aut fuga turpis aut gloriosa mors, Cic. Fin. 2, 30, 97: mors honesta saepe vitam quoque turpem exornat, at vita turpis saepe ne morti quidem honestae locum relinquit, id. Quint. 15, 49: adulescentia, id. Font. 15, 34: causam, Auct. Her. 1, 6, 9: causa, Caes. B. C. 3, 20: luxuria cum omni aetati turpis, tum senectuti foedissima est, Cic. Off. 1, 34, 123: si enim disserunt, nihil esse obscenum, nihil turpe dictu, id. Fam. 9, 22, 1: neque rogemus res turpes, nec faciamus rogati, id. Lael. 12, 40: formido mortis, id. Rep. 1, 3, 4: pars ingentem formidine turpi Scandunt equum, Verg. A. 2, 400: repulsa, Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 43: turpem senectam Degere, id. C. 1, 31, 19: adulter, id. ib. 1, 33, 9: meretricis amor, id. S. 1, 4, 111: non turpis ad te, sed miser confugit, Cic. Quint. 31, 98; id. Att. 5, 11, 5: prodis ex judice Dama Turpis, Hor. S. 2, 7, 55: sub dominā meretrice turpis, id. Ep. 1, 2, 25: Egestas, Verg. A. 6, 276: facta, Quint. 1, 2, 2: fama, Tac. A. 12, 49: nihil turpe est, cujus placet pretium, Sen. Ep. 95, 33: luxus, Juv. 6, 298: fames, Flor. 4, 5, 3: foedus, Val. Max. 1, 6, 7: metus, id. 2, 9, 8.
    Comp.: quid hoc turpius? quid foedius? Cic. Phil. 2, 34, 86: quid est autem nequius aut turpius effeminato viro? id. Tusc. 3, 17, 36: nihil est turpius quam cum eo bellum gerere, quocum familiariter vixeris, id. Lael. 21, 77; 26, 99; Caes. B. G. 4, 2.
    Sup.: homo turpissimus atque inhonestissimus, Cic. Rosc. Am. 18, 50: iste omnium turpissimus et sordidissimus, id. Att. 9, 9, 3: turpissima fuga, Caes. B. C. 2, 31: turpissimus calumniae quaestus, Crassus ap. Cic. de Or. 2, 55, 226: quod quidem mihi videtur esse turpissimum, Cic. Tusc. 2, 4, 12.
        1. b. As subst.: turpĕ, is, n., a base or shameful thing, a disgrace, shame, reproach: nec honesto quicquam honestius, nec turpi turpius, Cic. Fin. 4, 27, 75: turpe senex miles, turpe senilis amor. Ov. Am. 1, 9, 4: honesta et turpia virtutis ac malitiae societas efficit, Sen. Ep. 31, 5.
          Adv. (poet.): turpe incedere, in an unsightly manner, unbecomingly, Cat. 42, 8: gemens, Stat. Th. 3, 334.
        2. c. Turpe est, or simply turpe, with a subj.-clause: habere quaestui rem publicam, non modo turpe est, sed sceleratum etiam et nefarium, Cic. Off. 2, 22, 77: quod facere non turpe est, modo, etc., id. ib. 1, 35, 127: benevolentiam adsentando colligere turpe est, id. Lael. 17, 61: quid autem turpius quam illudi? id. ib. 26, 99; cf. id. ib. 21, 77: turpe erit, ingenium mitius esse feris, Ov. Am. 1, 10, 26; cf.: turpe ducet cedere pari, Quint. 1, 2, 22.
          Hence, adv.: turpĭter, in an ugly or unsightly manner.
      1. 1. Lit. (so rare): ut turpiter atrum Desinat in piscem mulier formosa superne, Hor. A. P. 3: claudicare, Ov. Am. 2, 17, 20.
      2. 2. Trop., in an unseemly manner, basely, shamefully, dishonorably (class.): turpiter et nequiter facere aliquid, Cic. Tusc. 3, 17, 36; unum illud extimescebam, ne quid turpiter facerem, id. Att. 9, 7, 1: turpiter se in castra recipere, Caes. B. G. 7, 20: me turpiter hodie hic dabo, Ter. Eun. 2, 1, 24; id. Hec. 4, 4, 2; Cic. Att. 6, 3, 9; 7, 2, 7; id. Mil. 4, 9; Caes. B. G. 7, 80; id. B. C. 3, 24; Auct. B. G. 8, 13; Hor. A. P. 284; Ov. M. 4, 187; Phaedr. 1, 25, 2; Val. Max. 2, 7, 15.
        Comp., Ov. Tr. 5, 6, 13.
        Sup., Cic. N. D. 1, 12, 29; Sen. Ep. 82, 12.

turpĭter, adv., v. turpis fin.

turpĭtūdo, ĭnis, f. [turpis], ugliness, unsightliness, foulness, deformity (syn. deformitas).

  1. I. Lit. (very rare): an est ullum malum majus turpitudine? Cic. Off. 3, 29, 105: virtutis laude turpitudinem tegere, App. Mag. p. 283, 9.
  2. II. Trop., baseness, shamefulness, disgrace, dishonor, infamy, turpitude (syn.: obscenitas, dedecus): ut nullum probrum, nullum facinus, nulla turpitudo ab accusatore obiceretur, Cic. Font. 16, 37: quanta erit turpitudo, quantum dedecus, quanta labes, id. Phil. 7, 5, 15: turpitudinem atque infamiam delere ac tollere, id. Verr. 1, 16, 49; id. Fin. 3, 11, 38: si omnia fugiendae turpitudinis adipiscendaeque honestatis causā faciemus, id. Tusc. 2, 27, 66; cf.: fuga turpitudinis, appetentia laudis et honestatis, id. Rep. 1, 2, 2: (divitiis) abuti per turpitudinem, Sall. C. 13, 2: cum summā turpitudine in exsilio aetatem agere, id. ib. 58, 12: populo turpitudinem et impudentiam exprobrare, Suet. Aug. 42: verborum, Cic. de Or. 2, 59, 242: ut turpitudinem fugae virtute delerent, Caes. B. G. 2, 27: generis, Quint. 3, 7, 19: pristinae vitae, Gell. 18, 3, 3.
    Plur.: propter flagitiorum ac turpitudinum societatem, fellowship in vile practices, Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 41, § 107; v. also turpido.

turpo, āvi, ātum, 1, v. a. [turpis], to make ugly or unsightly, to soil, defile, pollute, disfigure, deform (mostly poet.; cf. deformo).

  1. I. Lit.: Jovis aram sanguine turpari, to be defiled or polluted, Enn. ap. Cic. Tusc. 1, 35, 85; 3, 19, 45 (Trag. v. 125 Vahl.): sanguine capillos, Verg. A. 10, 832: canitiem pulvere, id. ib. 12, 611: frontem (cicatrix), Hor. S. 1, 5, 61; cf.: candidos umeros (rixae), id. C. 1, 13, 10: ora (pallor), Sil. 7, 631: te quia rugae Turpant et capitis nives, Hor. C. 4, 13, 12: ipsos (scabies), Tac. H. 5, 4: Herculea turpatus gymnade vultus, Stat. Th 4, 106.
  2. II. Trop., to dishonor, disgrace: ornamenta, Cic. Fragm. ap. Hier Ep. 66, 7: avos, Stat. Th. 8, 433: afflictos Argos, id. ib. 10, 437.

Turrānĭus, i, m., the name of a Roman gens, esp.,

  1. I. D. Turranius Niger, a friend of Varro and of Q. Cicero, Varr. R. R. 2, praef. § 6; Cic. Att. 1, 6, 2; 6, 9, 2; 7, 1, 1.
  2. II. M. Turranius, a prœtor, Cic. Phil. 3, 10, 25.
  3. III. C. Turranius, praefectus annonae, Tac. A. 1, 7; 11, 31.
  4. IV. Turranius, a tragic poet, Ov. P. 4, 16, 29.
    Deriv.: Turrānĭānus, a, um, adj., of or belonging to a Turranius, Turranian: pira, a peculiar kind so called, Col. 5, 10, 18; Plin. 15, 15, 16, § 54; Macr. S. 2, 15 fin.

turrĭcŭla. ae, f. dim. [turris].

  1. I. A little tower, a turret, Vitr. 10, 19 med.
  2. II. = pyrgus, a kind of dice-box, shaped like a tower, Mart. 14, 16 in lemm.

turrĭger, gĕra. gĕrum. adj. [turris-gero], turret-bearing, turreted.

  1. I. In gen. (poet. and in post-Aug. prose): umeri elephantorum, Plin. 11, 2, 1, § 4: ferae moles, Sil. 9, 560: urbes, Verg. A. 10, 253: ripae, Claud. Cons. Prob. et Olybr. 229: Antemnae, Verg. A. 7, 631: carinae, Luc. 3, 514; 4, 226.
    Of a city: patriae imago turrigero canos effundens vertice crines, Luc. 1, 188.
  2. II. Tur-rĭgĕra, ae, adj. f., turret-crowned, turreled, an epithet of Cybele, who was represented with a crown of turrets (personifying the earth and its cities): Cybele, Ov. F. 6, 321: dea, id. ib. 4, 224: Ops, id. Tr. 2, 24.

† turris, is (acc. turrim and turrem; abl. turri and turre; v. Neue, Formenl. I. 196 sqq.), f., = τύρρις.

  1. I. Lit.
    1. A. In gen., a tower: eā ballistā si pervortam turrim, Plaut. Bacch. 4, 4, 59: apud vetustam turrem, Att. ap. Prisc. p. 761 P.: Dionysius contionari ex turri altā solebat, Cic. Tusc. 5, 20, 59: in omni turre, Val. Fl. 1, 14: celsae graviore casu Decidunt turres, Hor. C. 2, 10, 11; cf. altae, id. Epod. 17, 70: Dardanae, id. C. 4, 6, 7: aënea, Ov. Am. 2, 19, 27.
    2. B. In partic., a military tower, for defence of a camp or the walls of a city: turrim in praecipiti stantem Adgressi ferro, Verg. A. 2, 460; Caes. B. G. 5, 40; 6, 29; id. B. C. 3, 9; Cic. Prov. Cons. 2, 4; for attack in a siege, Caes. B. G. 3, 21; Cic. Fam. 15, 4, 10; Liv. 32, 17, 17; on the backs of elephants, id. 37, 40, 4; on a ship, id. 37, 24, 6 et saep.
  2. II. Transf.
    1. A. For any high building, a castle, palace, citadel: pauperum tabernas Regumque turres, Hor. C. 1, 4, 14; so, regia, Ov. M. 8, 14: Maecenatiana, Suet. Ner 38: maris vastum prospectet turribus aequor, Tib. 1, 7, 19.
    2. B. A dove-cot built in the form of a tower, Varr. R. R. 3, 3, 6; Ov. P. 1, 6, 51.
    3. C. A kind of battlearray when the troops were arranged in a square, Cato ap. Fest. s. v. serra, p. 344 Müll.; cf. Gell. 10, 9, 1.

turrītus, a, um, adj. [turris], set, furnished, or fortified with towers, towered, turreted, castled, castellated (mostly poet.).

  1. I. Lit.
    1. A. Moenia, Ov. Am. 3, 8, 47: muri, id. P. 3, 4, 105: castella, Luc. 6, 39: puppes, Verg. A. 8, 693: elephanti, Auct. B. Afr. 30, 2; 41, 2; Plin. 8, 7, 7, § 22; cf.: inde boves Lucas turrito corpore tetros, Lucr. 5, 1301; called turrita moles, Sil. 9, 239; cf. turriger: tempora murali cinctus turrita coronā, id. 13, 366.
    2. B. Turrīta, ae, adj. f., tower-crowned, turreted, an epithet of Cybele (v. turriger, II.): dea, Prop. 4 (5), 11, 52: Berecyntia mater, Verg. A. 6, 785: mater, Ov. M. 10, 696; cf. id. F. 4, 219 sq.; Sid. Carm. 5, 13.
  2. II. Transf., tower-shaped, towering, high, lofly: scopuli, Verg. A. 3, 536: corona, i. e. a lofly head-dress, Luc. 2, 358: caput, Prud. Psych. 183: vertex, Hier. Ep. 130, 7.

tursĭo, ōnis, m., a kind of fish resembling the dolphin, a porpoise: Delphinus phocaena, Linn.; Plin. 9, 9, 11, § 34.

turtur, ŭris, m. (fem. turturis marinae os, Dict Cret. 6, 15; Plin. 30, 8, 21, § 68), a turtle-dove: Columba turtur, Linn.; Plin. 10, 34, 52, § 105; Varr. R. R. 3, 8; Col. 8, 9; Pall. 1, 25; Plaut. Most. 1, 1, 44; id. Bacch. 1, 1, 35; id. Poen. 2, 40; Verg. E. 1, 59; Ov. Am. 2, 6, 12; Mart. 3, 60, 7; 13, 53, 1; Juv. 6, 39.

* turtūrilla, ae, f. dim. [turtur], a little turtle-dove; a term applied to an effeminate person, Sen. Ep. 96, 5.

turunda, ae, f.

  1. I. A ball of paste for fattening geese, Cato, R. R. 89; Varr. R. R. 3, 9, 20.
  2. II. A kind of sacrificial cake, Varr. ap. Non. 552, 3.
  3. III. A tent or roll of lint for wounds, Cato, R. R. 157, 14; Scrib. Comp. 201.