Lewis & Short

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sĕnex, sĕnis (nom. and acc. of the neutr. plur. in the posit. and of the neutr. sing. in the comp. do not occur; orig. gen. sĕnicis, Plaut. Fragm. ap. Prisc. p. 724 P.), adj. [Sanscr. sana-s, old; Gr. ἕνος, ἕνη, old; cf.: senium, senesco, senatus, senilis, senectus, Seneca] (comp. senior), old, aged, advanced in years; and subst., an aged person, an old man, old woman (from the latter half of the fortieth year onward; v. infra the passages from Gell. 10, 28, 1, and from Liv. 30, 30; cf.: annosus, longaevus, vetulus).

      1. a. Adj.: (paterfamilias) vendat boves vetulos, plostrum vetus, ferramenta vetera, servum senem, etc., Cato, R. R. 2, 7: hic est vetus, vietus, veternosus senex, Ter. Eun. 4, 4, 21: nam vere pusus tu, tua amica senex, Papin. ap. Varr. L. L. 7, § 28 Müll.: turpe senex miles, turpe senilis amor, Ov. Am. 1, 9, 4: cervi, id. A. A. 3, 78: latrans, Phaedr. 5, 10, 7: porci, Juv. 6, 159: cygni, Mart. 5, 37, 1: mulli, id. 10, 30, 24: Bacchus (i. e. vinum), id. 13, 23; cf. of the same, auctumni, id. 3, 58, 7: Damascena (pruna), id. 5, 18, 3 et saep.: admodum senex, Cic. Sen. 4, 10: nemo est tam senex qui se annum non putet posse vivere, id. ib. 7, 24: nomen Nostra tuum senibus loqueretur pagina seclis, in later ages, Verg. Cir. 40.
        Comp.: grandior seniorque, Lucr. 3, 955: Cato, quo erat nemo fere senior temporibus illis, Cic. Lael. 1, 5: quae vis senior est quam, etc., id. Leg. 2, 4, 9: corpora seniora, Cels. 5, 28, 4: anni, Ov. M. 15, 470: dens, Mart. 9, 58, 11: cadus, id. 9, 94, 2.
        Rarely with aetate: Sophocles, aetate jam senior, Val. Max. 4, 3, 2 ext.: nobis adulescentibus seniores in agendo facti praecipere solebant, ne, etc., Quint. 5, 6, 6: senior ut ita dicam, quam illa aetas ferebat, oratio, more mature, Cic. Brut. 43, 160.
      2. b. Subst.: ut tum ad senem senex de senectute, sic, etc., Cic. Lael. 1, 5: quos ait Caccilius comicos stul tos senes, etc. … ut petulantia magis est adulescentium quam senum … sic ista senilis stultitia senum levium est … Appius et caecus et senex, etc. … senem, in quo est adulescentis aliquid, probo, etc., id. Sen. 11, 36 sq.: senem in patriam revertentem, unde puer profectus sum (the words of Hannibal, who was not yet fifty years of age), Liv. 30, 30: mixta senum ac juvenum densentur funera, Hor. C. 1, 28, 19; cf.: haec recinunt juvenes dictata senesque, id. Ep. 1, 1, 55: aeque neglectum pueris senibusque nocebit, id. ib. 1, 1, 26: ter aevo functus senex, i. e. Nestor, id. C. 2, 9, 14: tun’ capite cano amas, senex nequissime? Plaut. Merc. 2, 2, 34: quo senex nequior nullus vivit, id. Cas. 5, 1, 10: te sene omnium senem neminem esse ignaviorem, id. ib. 2, 3, 28 et saep.
        Fem.: hanc tot mala ferre senem, this old woman, Tib. 1, 6, 82; Val. Fl. 1, 349; Stat. Th. 5, 149.
        Comp., an elder, elderly person; sometimes (esp. in the poets) also for senex, an aged person: facilius sanescit puer vel adulescens quam senior, Cels. 5, 26, 6: si quis Forte coheredum senior male tussiet, Hor. S. 2, 5, 107: vix ea fatus erat senior (i. e. Anchises), Verg. A. 2, 692; so, = senex, Ov. M. 1, 645; 2, 702; 11, 646; 12, 182; 12, 540; id. F. 4, 515; Stat. S. 1, 3, 94; id. Achill. 2, 383 al.: (Servius Tullius) seniores a junioribus divisit, Cic. Rep. 2, 22, 39; cf. of the same: C. Tubero in Historiarum primo scripsit, Servium Tullium … eos (milites) ab anno septimo decimo ad annum quadragesimum sextum juniores, supraque eum annum seniores appellasse, Gell. 10, 28, 1: centuriae juniorum seniorumque, Liv. 1, 43.
        Poet.: centuriae seniorum simply, for seniores, Hor. A. P. 341: curae fuit consulibus et senioribus Patrum, ut, etc., Liv. 2, 30: consulares ac seniores (opp. juniores Patrum), id. 3, 41: omnium seniorum, matrum familiae, virginum precibus et fletu excitati, Caes. B. C. 2, 4: sapienter, ut senior, suaserat, Flor. 1, 16, 10: juniores a senioribus consilium petiverunt, id. 2, 6, 26: haec … laeti audiere juvenes, ingrata senioribus erant, Curt. 8, 1, 27: hinc inter juniores senesque orta contentio est, id. 8, 1, 31.
        In eccl. Lat., an elder in the synagogue or church, Vulg. Ezech. 7, 26; id. 2 Johan. 1.

sēni, ae, a (gen. plur. senūm, Cic. Verr. 2, 49, 122; Caes. B. C. 2, 15), num. distrib. [sex].

  1. I. Lit., six each: cum in sex partes divisus exercitus Romanus senis horis in orbem succederet proelio, Liv. 6, 4: senos viros singuli currus vehebant, Curt. 8, 14, 3: ut tribuni militum seni deni (by many written in one word, senideni) in quattuor legiones crearentur, Liv. 9, 30; so, sena dena (or senadena) stipendia, Tac. A. 1, 36 fin.: senūm pedum crassitudo, Caes. B. C. 2, 15; cf.: pueri annorum senūm septenūmque denūm, sixteen and seventeen years old, Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 49, § 122.
  2. II. Transf., for sex, six: tradiderat natalibus actis Bis puerum senis, past his twelfth birthday, Ov. M. 8, 243: sena vellera, id. ib. 12, 429: pedes, i. e. hexameter, Hor. S. 1, 10, 59: ictus (of the senarius), id. A. P. 253: latitudo ejus ne minus pedum senūm denūm (or senumdenum), Vitr. 6, 9.

sĕnĭum, ii, n. [seneo, II.].

  1. I. Lit., the feebleness of age, decline, decay, debility (cf. senectus; class.): tardigemulo senio oppressum, Laev. ap. Gell. 19, 7, 3: opus perfectum, quod omni morbo seniove careret, Cic. Univ. 5 fin.; (with aegritudo) id. Tusc. 3, 12, 27; cf.: senio debilis, Phaedr. 3, epil. 16: senio vel aliquā corporis labe insignes, Suet. Aug. 38: senio confectos gladiatores, id. Calig. 26 fin.: senium Galbae et juventa Othonis, Tac. H. 1, 22: principis, id. ib. 2, 1: curvata senio membra, id. A. 1, 34: fessus senio, id. ib. 2, 42: fluxa senio mens, id. ib. 6, 38; cf.: torpor mentis ac senium, Sen. Ben. 7, 26, 4; Sil. 16, 14: ita se ipse (mundus) consumptione et senio alebat sui, by its own consumption and decay, Cic. Univ. 6: lunae, i. e. waning, Plin. 7, 48, 49, § 155: lentae velut tabis, Liv. 7, 22, 5: senium repellere templis, decay, Sil. 3, 20: senium defendere famae, the growing old, passing away, Stat. Th. 9, 318: passus est leges istas situ atque senio emori, Gell. 20, 1, 10.
  2. II. Transf.
    1. A. Concr., an old man, old fellow (very rare; anteclass. as an epithet of abuse): senex ad aetatem refertur, senium ad convicium. Sic Lucilius ait: At quidem te senium atque insulse sophista, Don. ad Ter. Eun. 2, 3, 11. And on account of its personal signif. with a masc. pron.: ut illum di deaeque senium perdant, qui hodie me remoratus est, Ter. l. l. (cf. scortum, II. fin.).
      Once in Silius, without an odious access. signif., for senex, Sil. 8, 467.
    2. B. (Effectus pro causā.) Peevishness, moroseness; vexation, chagrin, mortification; grief, trouble, affliction produced by decay (syn.: maeror, aegritudo, etc.; class.): mors amici subigit, quae mihi est senium multo acerrimum, Att. ap. Non. 2, 23: hae res mihi dividiae et senio sunt, Plaut. Stich. 1, 1, 19; cf.: id illi senio est, id. Truc. 2, 5, 13: odio ac senio mihi nuptiae, Turp. ap. Non. 2, 33: luget senatus, maeret equester ordo, tota civitas confecta senio est, Cic. Mil. 8, 20: senio et maerore consumptus, Liv. 40, 54; Pers. 6, 16: surge et inhumanae senium depone Camenae, peevishness, moroseness, Hor. Ep. 1, 18, 47; cf.: triste morum, Sen. Hippol. 917: en pallor seniumque! Pers. 1, 26.
      Plur.: quot pestes, senia et jurgia emigrarunt, Titin. ap. Non. 2, 18.
      Note: The words ille senius, in Cic. de Or. 3, 38, 154, are doubtless corrupt; v. Orell. and Ellendt ad loc.