turbŭlentus, a, um, adj. [turba], full of trouble or commotion.
- I. Pass., restless, agitated, confused, disturbed, boisterous, stormy, tempestuous (class.; syn. tumultuosus): tempestas, stormy, Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 10, § 26; Plaut. Rud. 4, 4, 143; Auct. B. Alex. 45, 2: loci Neptunii, Plaut. Mil. 2, 5, 3: aqua, turbid, muddy, Phaedr. 1, 1, 5: atomorum turbulenta concursio, confused, Cic. Fin. 1, 6, 20: est igitur quiddam turbulentum in hominibus singulis, id. Rep. 3, 35, 49 (Non. 301, 6): res publica, id. Fam. 12, 10, 3: heu edepol res turbulentas! Plaut. Ep. 1, 1, 68: praeda, id. Rud. 4, 4, 142: ea sunt et turbulenta et temeraria et periculosa, Cic. Caecin. 12, 34: errores, id. N. D. 2, 28, 70: animi, stirred up, aroused, excited, id. Tusc. 4, 5, 9.
Comp.: turbulentior inde annus excepit, Liv. 2, 61, 1.
Sup.: turbulentissimum tempus (opp. tranquillissimum), Cic. Pis. 15, 33; id. Fam. 9, 1.
- II. Act., making trouble, troublesome, turbulent, factious, seditious: turba plerumque est turbulenta, Varr. ap. Gell. 13, 11, 3: P. Decius fuit ut vita sic oratione etiam turbulentus, Cic. Brut. 28, 108: seditiosus civis et turbulentus, id. de Or. 2, 11, 48: turbulenti et mali cives, id. ib. 2, 31, 135: tribuni, Tac. H. 2, 38: contiones, Cic. Att. 4, 3, 4; Quint. 5, 13, 39: consilia Antonii, Cic. Att. 15, 4, 1: minae populi, Quint. 2, 20, 8.
Sup.: tribuni plebis, Caes. B. C. 1, 5: leges, Suet. Caes. 16.
Hence, adv.: turbŭlen-tē, in a turbulent manner, confusedly, tumultuously, boisterously, with violence (cf. also turbulenter).
- (α) Form turbulente: qui non turbulente humana patiantur, without agitation, composedly, Cic. Tusc. 4, 28, 60: se gerere, Dig. 48, 19, 28, § 3.
- (β) Form turbulenter: nihil turbulenter, nihil temere facere, Cic. Fam. 2, 16, 7.
Comp.: egit de Caepione turbulentius, Cic. Part. Or. 30, 105.
Sup.: regere, Sid. Ep. 2, 13 med.