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consŭlo, lŭi, ltum, 3, v. n. and a. [from con and root sal-; cf. consul and consilium].

  1. I. To consider, reflect, deliberate, take counsel, reflect upon, consult.
    1. A. Neutr.
      1. 1. In gen.
          1. (α) Absol.: quid nunc? etiam consulis? do you still deliberate, i. e. hesitate? Plaut. Trin. 2, 4, 171; cf. id. Truc. 2, 4, 75 Speng.: ne quid in consulendo adversi eveniat, Cato ap. Gell. 7, 3, 14: consulto opus est, there is need of deliberation, Sall. C. 1, 6: dum tempus consulendi est, Ter. Hec. 5, 1, 19: satis facere consulentibus, Cic. Or. 42, 143: ut omnium rerum vobis ad consulendum potestas esset, Liv. 8, 13, 18: ut tot uno tempore motibus animi turbati trepidarent magis quam consulerent, id. 21, 16, 2: praesidium consulenti curiae, Hor. C. 2, 1, 14 et saep.
          2. (β) With in and acc.: consulere in longitudinem, to take thought for the future, Ter. Heaut. 5, 2, 10: in commune, for the common good, id. And. 3, 3, 16; Liv. 32, 21, 1; Tac. A. 12, 5; id. Agr. 12; Curt. 5, 9, 14; and in the same sense: in medium, Verg. A. 11, 335; Liv. 24, 22, 15; Tac. H. 2, 5; Luc. 5, 46: in unum, Tac. H. 1, 68; 4, 70: in publicum (opp. suscipere proprias simultates), Plin. Ep. 9, 13, 21; Tac. A. 1, 24.
          3. (γ) With de and abl.: bello confecto de Rhodiis consultum est, Sall. C. 51, 5; so, de communibus negotiis, id. J. 105, 1: de salute suorum, Cic. Sull. 22, 63: omnibus de rebus, Tac. A. 4, 40.
          4. (δ) With ut or ne: consulere vivi ac prospicere debemus, ut illorum (liberorum) solitudo munita sit, Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 58, § 153: tu ne qua manus se attollere nobis A tergo possit, custodi et consule longe, Verg. A. 9, 322.
            Impers.: ut urbi … satis esset praesidii, consultum atque provisum est, Cic. Cat. 2, 12, 26: ne deficerent, consulendum esse, Cels. 3, 4, 31.
      2. 2. Esp., consulere alicui or alicui rei, to take care for some person or thing, to be mindful of, take care of, look to, have regard for, to counsel or consult for: tuae rei bene consulere cupio, Plaut. Trin. 3, 2, 9: quid me fiat, parvi pendis, dum illi consulas, Ter. Heaut. 4, 3, 37: qui parti civium consulunt, partem neglegunt, Cic. Off. 1, 25, 85: consulere eorum commodis et utilitati salutique servire, id. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 9, § 27; so, famae, pudicitiae tuae, id. Phil. 2, 2, 3: dignitati meae, id. Fam. 11, 29, 1: suae vitae, Caes. B. G. 7, 12: receptui sibi, id. B. C. 3, 69: reipublicae juxta ac sibi, Sall. C. 37, 8; id. J. 58, 2; Hor. Ep. 1, 17, 1: timori magis quam religioni, Caes. B. C. 1, 67; cf.: magis irae quam famae, Sall. C. 51, 7: qui mi consultum optime velit esse, Ter. Phorm. 1, 3, 1: mi ires consultum male? to counsel evil or badly, Plaut. Bacch. 3, 6, 36; so, male patriae, Nep. Epam. 10, 1; id. Phoc. 2, 2.
        With si: melius consulet (sibi), si, etc., Cels. 1, 3, 55.
    2. B. Act.
      1. 1. Consulere aliquem (or aliquid), to consult with one, to ask his opinion or advice, to ask counsel of, to consult, question (for the sake of advice).
        1. a. In gen.: cum te consuluissem, quid mihi faciendum esse censeres, Cic. Fam. 11, 29, 1: te, qui philosophum audis, id. ib. 9, 26, 1: Apellem tragoedum, uter, etc., Suet. Calig. 33 al.
          Of inanim. objects: speculum suum, Ov. A. A. 3, 136; cf.: spectatas undas, quid se deceat, id. M. 4, 312: nares, an olerent aera Corinthōn, Mart. 9, 60, 11: diem de gemmis, etc., Ov. A. A. 1, 251 sq.: animum nostrum, Quint. 4, 2, 52: aures meas, id. 9, 4, 93: suas vires, id. 10, 2, 18 al.
          With two accs.: ibo et consulam hanc rem amicos, quid faciundum censeant, Plaut. Men. 4, 3, 26: nec te id consulo, Cic. Att. 7, 20, 2: consulere prudentiorem coepi aetates tabularum, Petr. 88.
          Freq.,
        2. b. Esp. as t. t.
          1. (α) In the lang. of religion, to consult a deity, an oracle, omens, etc.: Apollinem de re, Cic. Leg. 2, 16, 40: deum consuluit auguriis, quae suscipienda essent, Liv. 1, 20, 7: deos hominum fibris, Tac. A. 14, 30 fin.: Phoebi oracula, Ov. M. 3, 9; Suet. Vesp. 5: Tiresiam conjectorem, Plaut. Am. 5, 1, 76: haruspicem, Cic. Div. 2, 4, 11; Suet. Tib. 63; Cato, R. R. 5, 4: vates nunc extis, nunc per aves, Liv. 2, 42, 10: Cumaeam anum, Ov. F. 4, 158: avem primum visam augur, id. ib. 1, 180: spirantia exta, Verg. A. 4, 64; so, trepidantia exta, Ov. M. 15, 576: sacras sortes, id. ib. 11, 412: Etrusci haruspices male consulentes, Gell. 4, 5, 5.
            Pass. impers.: si publice consuletur … sin privatim, Tac. G. 10.
            With dependent question: senatus pontificum collegium consuli jussit, num omne id aurum in ludos consumi necessum esset, Liv. 39, 5, 9: consulti per ludibrium pontifices, an concepto necdum edito partu rite nuberet, Tac. A. 1, 10.
          2. (β) In judic. lang., to ask advice of a lawyer, to consult, etc.: quam inanes domus eorum omnium, qui de jure civili consuli solent, Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 46, § 120: consuli quidem te a Caesare scribis: sed ego tibi ab illo consuli mallem, id. Fam. 7, 11, 2: si jus consuleres, peritissimus, Liv. 39, 40, 6: munus hoc eorum qui consuluntur, i. e. who are skilled in the law, Cic. Leg. 1, 4, 14; so id. Quint. 16, 53.
            With dependent question: consulens eum, an seni jam testato suaderet ordinare suprema judicia, Quint. 6, 3, 92.
            The formula usual in asking advice was, licet consulere? Cic. Mur. 13, 28; cf. Hor. S. 2, 3, 192.
          3. (γ) In publicists’ lang., to take counsel with the competent authorities, to consult: Quirites, utrum, etc., Liv. 31, 7, 2; so, senatum, Sall. J. 28, 2: senatum de foedere, id. ib. 39, 2; 62, 10: populum de ejus morte, Cic. Mil. 7, 16: plebem in omnia (tribuni), Liv. 6, 39, 2 al.
      2. 2. Aliquid.
        1. a. To take counsel or deliberate upon something, to consider: est consulere quiddam quod tecum volo, Plaut. Most. 5, 1, 53; id. Pers. 5, 2, 63: rem delatam consulere ordine non licuit, Liv. 2, 28, 2; so, consulere et explorare rem, Cic. Att. 2, 16, 4: consulis rem nulli obscuram, Verg. A. 11, 344 al.: bis repulsi Galli quid agant consulunt, Caes. B. G. 7, 83.
        2. b. To advise something, to give advice: tun’ consulis quicquam? Ter. Ad. 1, 2, 47; id. Phorm. 1, 3, 22.
          Absol.: ab re consulit blandiloquentulus, advises to his hurt, Plaut. Trin. 2, 1, 17.
  2. II. Sometimes meton. (causa pro effectu).
    1. A. To take a resolution, resolve, conclude, determine.
      1. 1. Neutr.; constr. absol. or with de aliquo or in aliquem: de nullis quam de vobis infestius aut inimicius consuluerunt, Liv. 28, 29, 8; so, de perfugis gravius quam de fugitivis, id. 30, 43, 13: in humiliores libidinose crudeliterque consulebatur, id. 3, 36, 7; so, crudeliter in deditos victosque, id. 8, 13, 15; cf. Tac. Agr. 16.
      2. 2. Act.: quid in concilio consuluistis? Plaut. Bacch. 1, 1, 6: animum ego inducam tamen, ut illud, quod tuam in rem bene conducat, consulam, id. Cist. 3, 4: ne quid gravius de salute tuā consulas, Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 16, 1: pessime istuc in te atque in illum consulis, Ter. Heaut. 3, 1, 28: quae reges irā inpulsi male consuluerint, Sall. C. 51, 4: nisi quod de uxore potuit honestius consuli, id. J. 95, 3.
        Pass. impers.: aliter mihi de illis ac de me ipso consulendum est, Cic. Att. 7, 13, 3.
    2. B. With the access. idea of judging, in the connection boni, optimi aliquid consulere, to excuse, take in good part, interpret favorably; be contented, pleased, or satisfied with: sit consul a consulendo vel a judicando: nam et hoc consulere veteres vocaverunt, unde adhuc remanet illud Rogat boni consulas, id est bonum judices, Quint. 1, 6, 32; cf. Paul. ex Fest. p. 41, 8 Müll.: nemo hoc rex ausus est facere, eane fieri bonis, bono genere gnatis boni consulitis? Cato ap. Gell. 10, 3, 17: boni consulendum, Varr. L. L. 7, § 40 Müll.: tu haec quaeso consule missa boni, Ov. P. 3, 8, 24; cf. id. Tr. 4, 1, 106; so, nostrum laborem, Quint. 6, prooem. § 16; Plin. Ep. 7, 12, 3: hoc munus, Sen. Ben. 1, 1, 8; id. Prov. 2, 4; id. Ep. 9, 20; 17, 9; 88, 17: quaerebat argentum avaritia: boni consuluit interim invenisse minium, Plin. 33, prooem. 2, § 4; 8, 16, 17, § 44: boni et optimi consulere, App. M. 8, p. 205, 28.
      Hence,
      1. 1. consultus, a, um, P. a.
    1. A. Well considered or weighed, deliberated upon, maturely pondered: bene consultum consilium surripitur saepissume, si minus, etc., Plaut. Mil. 3, 1, 5 sq.: ipsi omnia, quorum negotium est, consulta ad nos et exquisita deferunt, Cic. de Or. 1, 58, 250: neque eam usquam invenio, neque quo eam, neque quā quaeram consultum’st, I know neither, etc., Plaut. Rud. 1, 4, 6: operā consultā, with mature reflection, Gell. 7 (6), 17, 3; in the same sense, consulto consilio, Paul. Sent. 1, 9, 6: consultius est huic poenalem quoque stipulationem subjungere, it is better. more advantageous, Dig. 2, 15, 15.
    2. B. (Acc. to I. B. 1.) Knowing, skilful, experienced, practised, esp. in law; skilled or learned in the law: non ille magis juris consultus quam justitiae fuit, Cic. Phil. 9, 5, 10: juris atque eloquentiae, Liv. 10, 22, 7: consultissimus vir omnis divini atque humani juris, id. 1, 18, 1; cf. Gell. 1, 13, 10: insanientis sapientiae, Hor. C. 1, 34, 3: universae disciplinae, Col. 11, 1, 12.
      Hence, subst.: consultus, i, m., a lawyer: tu consultus modo rusticus, Hor. S. 1, 1, 17; id. Ep 2, 2, 87; 2, 2, 159; Ov. A. A. 1, 83.
      Esp. with juris, often written as one word, jūrisconsultus, i, m., v. h. v.
      Absol.: ut natura non disciplinā consultus esse videatur, Cic. Caecin. 27, 78: consultorum alterum disertissimum, disertorum alterum consultissimum fuisse, id. Brut. 40, 148: consultiores sibimet videntur Deo, Tert. adv. Marc. 2, 2.
      1. 2. Subst.: consultum, i, n.
    1. A. (Acc. to I. B. 1. b.) A consultation, inquiry of a deity: Sostratus (sacerdos) ubi laeta et congruentia exta magnisque consultis annuere deam videt, etc., Tac. H. 2, 4.
    2. B. (Acc. to II.) A decree, decision, resolution, plan; so first, Senatus consultum, or in one word, Senatusconsul-tum, a decree of the Senate (most freq. in all periods; the senatus consulta were not, like the plebiscita, the supreme law of the republic; but under the emperors, all new laws took this form, v. esp. Sandars, Introd., Just. Inst. § 15; 1, 2, 5), Sall. C. 42, 3; Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 66, § 149: senatus consultum est quod senatus jubet atque constituit, nam cum auctus esset populus Romanus … aequum visum est senatum vice populi consuli, Just. Inst. 1, 2, 5; for which, consulta Patrum, Hor. Ep. 1, 16, 41.
      Of a decree of the Sicilian council: ne senatus consultum Siculi homines facere possent, Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 65, § 146.
      Also in other connections: facta et consulta fortium et sapientium, Cic. Leg. 1, 24, 62; cf.: facta consultaque Alexandri, Sall. H. 3, 7 Dietsch: consulta et decreta, id. J. 11, 5: consulta sese omnia cum illo integra habere, all objects of consultation, plans, id. ib. 108, 2; cf.: ab occultis cavendum hominibus consultisque, plans, Liv. 25, 16, 4; and: approbare collegam consulta, id. 10, 39, 10: dum consulta petis, responses, oracles, divinations, Verg. A. 6, 151: tua magna, decisions, id. ib. 11, 410; so, mollia, Tac. A. 1, 40: mala, id. ib. 6, 6: ex consulto factum, purposely, voluntarily, Auct. Her. 2, 30, 49.
      Hence, adv., considerately, deliberately, designedly, on purpose.
          1. (α) Form consultō (class. in prose and poetry): utrum perturbatione aliquā animi an consulto et cogitata fiat injuria, Cic. Off. 1, 8, 27; Plaut. Poen. 3, 5, 43; Cic. N. D. 1, 31, 85; id. Leg. 1, 8, 25; Caes. B. G. 5, 16; 5, 37; Sall. J. 60, 5; 64, 5; Quint. 8, 4, 19; Tac. A. 4, 16; Suet. Caes. 56; * Hor. S. 1, 10, 14 al.
          2. (β) Form consultē (mostly ante- and post-class.): qui consulte, docte atque astute cavet, Plaut. Rud. 4, 7, 14: caute atque consulte gesta, Liv. 22, 38, 11; Spart. Had. 2.
            Comp., Liv. 22, 24, 3; Tac. H. 2, 24.
            Sup., Capitol. Pert. 7.

Hĭĕrŏsŏlyma, ōrum, n. (secondary forms;

  1. I. v. infra), = Ἱεροσόλυμα, the city of Jerusalem, in Palestine, Plin. 5, 14, 15, § 70; Cic. Fl. 28, 67 sq.; Tac. H. 2, 4; 5, 1; 8; 9; Suet. Ner. 40; id. Tit. 5; Flor. 3, 5, 30.
    Also, fem. acc.: Hĭĕrŏsŏlymam, Flor. 3, 5, 30; cf. Vulg. Matt. 16, 21; Marc. 10, 32 sq.; Lact. Epit. 46, 7.
    In neutr.: Hiĕrū̆-sălem, Prud. Psych. 811; Lact. de Pass. Chr. 25; and in many other eccl. fathers.
    Also abbrev.: Sŏlyma, ōrum, n., Mart. 11, 65, 5, acc. to Tac.; so called from the Solymi, a people of Lycia, Tac. H. 5, 2 fin.; cf. Plin. 5, 27, 24, § 94.
  2. II. Derivv.
    1. A. Hĭĕrŏsŏlymārĭus, a, um, adj., of or belonging to Jerusalem; a surname given to Pompey after taking Jerusalem: ut sciat hic noster Hierosolymarius traductor ad plebem, Cic. Att. 2, 9, 1.
    2. B. Hĭĕrŏsŏ-lymītānus, a, um, adj., of Jerusalem: regnum, Aug. Civ. Dei, 17, 21.
      Sŏly-mus, a, um, adj., pertaining to Jerusalem: leges, i. e. of the Jews, Juv. 6, 544.

S, s, indecl. n. or (agreeing with littera) f.

  1. I. The eighteenth letter of the Latin alphabet, corresponding in form to the old Greek S for Σ (Etruscan in a reversed form, [??]); in its nature a sibilant semi-vowel, whose peculiarities were much discussed by the ancients, and are even treated of in a special work by Messala, a contemporary of Augustus (Messala in libro de S littera, Quint. 1, 7, 23; cf. Mart. Cap. 3, § 245).
  2. II. As an initial and medial it has a hard and sharp sound (which is softened, however, between two vowels), and is therefore joined only with the tenues (c, p, t; cf., on the contrary, the Gr. σβέννυμι); and, as a medial, often written double after long vowels: caussa, cassus, divissiones (these forms, used by Cicero and Vergil, were already uncommon in Quintilian’s time, Quint. 1, 7, 20; v. Corss. Ausspr. 1, 283 sq.).
  3. III. As a final it had a weakened sound, and therefore not only admitted the medial b before it (plebs, urbs, abs; Arabs, chalybs, etc.; v. the letter B), but often entirely disappeared. So in the ante-class. poets down to the early years of Cicero (and also in his own poem, entitled Aratus, written in his youth), before words beginning with a consonant, to avoid position: Ratu’ Romulus, Fulviu’ Nobilior, gravi’ Terra, est sati’ bella, Hyperioni’ cursum, Virgine’ nam sibi, etc.; cf. Cic. Or. 48, 161; Quint. 9, 4, 38; and v. Freund, in Jahn’s Neue Jahrb. 1835, XIII. p. 25 sq.; less freq. before words beginning with a vowel, in which case, to avoid a hiatus, the vowel before s was also elided; vas’ argenteis (for vasis argenteis) and palm’ et crinibus (for palmis et crinibus); v. Cic. Or. 45, 153. So, too, in the fourth Epitaph of the Scipios (Inscr. Orell. 553), L. CORNELIO L. F. instead of CORNELIOS (cf. a similar elision of the M under that letter). Final s is also elided, and the preceding vowel either dropped with it or weakened, in the forms sat from satis, mage from magis; in the neutr. forms of adjectives of the third declension, acre, agreste, facile (v. the letter E); in the collat. forms of the sec. pers. sing. pass., fatere, fateare, fatebare, etc.; in the gen. sing. of the first, second, and fifth declensions, and in the nom. plur. of the first and second declensions (aurai for aura-is, analog. to regis, etc.). Lastly, s disappears in the (mostly familiar) collat. forms abin’, scin’, viden’, satin’, from abisne, scisne, videsne, satisne, etc.
  4. IV. As an etymological initial aspirate, s appears in many words whose Greek equivalents begin with a vowel: sal, semi-, serpo, sex, super, sus, corresp. to [?A(/LS, H(MI-, E(/RPW, E(/C, U(PE/R, U/ = S, ?] etc.; si (archaic sei), sero, Segesta, corresp. to εἰ, ἘΡΩ (whence εἴρω), Ἔγεστα. Less freq. in radical words beginning with a consonant: sculpo corresp. to γλύφω, and the derivatives scruta, from γρύτη, and scrupedae, from κρούπεζα. To soften the termination, s appears in abs = ab, and ex corresp. to ἐκ.
    Very freq., on the contrary, an initial s appears in cognate forms in other languages, where corresp. Latin words have lost the s: Lat. fallo, Gr. σφάλλω; fungus, Gr. σφόγγος; fides, Gr. σφίδη (comp. also nix with Engl. snow, nurus with old Germ. snur, daughterin-law); cf. also cutis and scutum; cauda and root sku-, in Goth. skauts, etc.; casa and Gr. σκιά, σκηνή; cerno and Gr. κρίνω for σκίρνω, σκώρ, σκωρία; calumnia and σκάλλω; gradior and root scra-, Germ. schreiten; parco and σπαρνός; penuria and σπάνις; pando and σπάω; tego and στέγω; tono and στόνος; taurus and Sanscr. sthūras, Germ. Stier al.; v. Corss. Ausspr. 1, p. 277 sqq.
    In the middle of a word s is dropped in at from ast.
  5. V. S is interchanged,
    1. A. Most freq. with r; in partic., an original s, between two vowels, becomes r; v. Varr. L. L. 7, § 26 Müll.; so foederum for foedesum, plurima for plusima, meliorem for meliosem, Lares for Lases, etc.; cf. eram and sum, quaero and quaeso, nasus and naris. Appius Claudius, the censor, is said to have introduced r into the names Furius, Valerius, etc., in place of s, B.C. 312 (v. the letter R, II.).
    2. B. With d: Claudius, from the Sabine Clausus; and, on the other hand, rosa, corresp. to the Gr. ῤόδον; cf. Schneid. Gram. 1, p. 259.
    3. C. With t: tensus and tentus, resina corresp. to ῤητίνη; and, on the contrary, aggrettus for aggressus; mertare, pultare, for mersare, pulsare (perh. also assentor for assensor).
    4. D. With x; v. that letter.
  6. VI. S is assimilated before f in the compounds of dis: differo, difficilis, diffluo, etc.; v. 3. dis.
    On the other hand, it arises by assimilation from d, in assum, assumo, cessi, for adsum, adsumo, ced-si; from t in fassus, from fateor; from b in jussi, from jubeo; from m in pressi, from premo; from r in gessi, from gero; and dossuarius, from dorsum.
  7. VII. As an abbreviation, S denotes sacrum, semis, sibi, suis, etc.; S. AS. D., sub asciā dedicavit; S. C., senatusconsultum; perh. also, sententia collegii (Inscr. Orell. 2385); S. P., sua pecunia; S. P. Q. R., Senatus Populusque Romanus, etc.

Săba, ae, f., = Σάβα.

  1. I. The largest town in Arabia Felix, especially celebrated for its myrrh, frankincense, etc.: turifera, Plin. 12, 14, 30, § 52.
    Hence,
  2. II. Să-baeus, a, um, adj., = Σαβαῖος, Sabœan: tus, Verg. A. 1, 416: odor, Col. poët. 10, 262: nubes, Stat. S. 4, 8, 1: flores, id. ib. 5, 1, 211: myrrha, Sen. Herc. Oet. 376; cf. flos, i. e. of myrrh, Val. Fl. 6, 709: terra, Ov. M. 10, 480: cumulus, a funeral pyre perfumed with myrrh, etc., Claud. Phoen. 43.
    As substt.: Săbaea, ae, f. (sc. terra), the territory of Saba, i. e. Arabia Felix, Hor. C. 1, 29, 3.
    Săbaei, ōrum, m., a numerous people in Arabia Felix (named after their capital city, Saba), the Sabœans: Sabaei Arabum propter tura clarissimi, Plin. 6, 28, 32, § 154; cf. Mel. 3, 8, 6; Verg. G. 1, 57; 2, 117; id. A. 8, 706; Flor. 4, 11, 7; Claud. Cons. Hon. 4, 305; Jul. Val. Rer. Gest. Alex. 3, 23.

Săbādĭus, ii, m., v. Sabazius.

sabaia, ae, f., a drink of the poor people in Illyria, prepared from barley, Amm. 26, 8, 2; Hier. in Isa. 6, 19.

sabaiārĭus, ii, m. [sabaia], one who makes, sells, or drinks sabaia, a term of reproach: et injuriose compellabatur ut sabaiarius, Amm. 26, 8, 2.

† sabănum, i, n., = σάβανον (cf. Isid. Orig. 19, 26, 7), a linen cloth for wiping, wrapping up in, etc.; a towel, napkin, Pall. Jun. 7, 3; Veg. 5, 46, 11; Apic. 6, 2; Marc. Emp. 26 med.

† Săbā̆oth, indecl. plur., = Σαβαώθ [Heb. [??]], the heavenly hosts (eccl. Lat.), Prud. Apoth. 901: Dominus or Deus Sabaoth, the Lord (or God) of hosts, Tert. adv. Jud. 13; Prud. Cath. 4, 7.

Săbārĭa (Săvā-), ae, f., a city in Pannonia, a colony of the emperor Claudius, hence called Sabaria Claudia, now Szombathely, Aur. Vict. Epit. 19, 2: Colonia divi Claudii Sabaria, Plin. 3, 24, 27, § 146.

sabatēnum, i, n., = diabathrum, a kind of slipper (late Lat.), Plin. Val. 2, 17.

Sabatīni, ōrum, m., the inhabitants of a town in Campania, otherwise unknown, Liv. 26, 33 fin.

Sābātīnus (poet. Sābātĭus), a, um, adj., of or belonging to Sabate (a town of Etruria): lacus, the Lake of Sabate, now Lago di Bracciano, Front. Aquaed. 71; Col. 8, 16, 2; called lacus Sabate, Fest. p. 343 Müll.: Sabatina tribus, Liv. 6, 5 fin.; Fest. l. l.
Form Sabatius: stagna, Sil. 8, 492.

† Săbāzĭus (collat. form Sĕbāzĭus, Sĕbādĭus or Săbādĭus, Macr. S. 1, 18; App. M. 8, p. 213), ii, m., = Σαβάζιος, a surname.

  1. I. Of Bacchus, Cic. Leg. 2, 15, 37; Arn. 5, p. 101; Macr. l. l.
    Hence, Săbā-zĭa, ōrum, n., a festival in honor of Sabazius or Bacchus, Cic. N. D. 3, 23, 58; Arn. 5, 170; Inscr. Orell. 2357.
  2. II. Of Jupiter: Sabazii Jovis cultus, Val. Max. 1, 3, 2; Inscr. Orell. 1259.

sabbătārĭus, a, um, adj. [sabbata], of or belonging to the Sabbath, Sabbatical: luxus, Sid. Ep. 1, 2 med.
Subst.: sabbă-tārĭi, ōrum, m., Sabbath-keepers, poet. for Jews, Mart. 4, 4, 7.

† sabbătismus, i, m., = σαββατισμός, a keeping of the Sabbath, Aug. Civ. Dei, 22, 30 fin.; Hier. Ep. 140, 8; id. in Isa. 16, 58, 13.

† sabbătīzo, āre, v. n., = σαββατίζω, to observe the Sabbath, Tert. adv. Jud. 2 fin.; Hier. Ephes. 2, 12; Vulg. Exod. 16, 30; id. Lev. 25, 2.

sabbătum, i, n., and, more freq., sab-băta, ōrum, n., = σάββατα (orig. Heb. [??]).

  1. I. Lit.
    1. A. In gen., the day of rest among the Jews, the Sabbath; considered by the Romans to have been ordained as a fast-day. Plur. form, Just. 36, 2, 14; August. ap. Suet. Aug. 76; Plin. 31, 2, 18, § 24; Vulg. Matt. 12, 1 et saep.
    2. B. In partic., as a name for the seventh day of the week, Saturday, Suet. Tib. 32; Sen. Ep. 95 med.
      Sing.       form, Hier. Ep. 121, 4; Vulg. Matt. 12, 1; id. Luc. 13, 14; id. Johan. 9, 16.
  2. II. Transf., of other Jewish holidays, Ov. R. Am. 220; Pers. 5, 184; Juv. 6, 159: tricesima, i. e. the new moon (said poet. for a Jewish holiday in general), Hor. S. 1, 9, 69; cf. Orell. and Wüstem. ad Heind. ad h. 1.

Săbelli, ōrum, m. [prob. contr. from Sabinuli, from Sabini], the more ancient and, for the most part, poetical name for the Sabines, Varr. ap. Philarg. Verg. G. 2, 167: duri, Col. poët. 10, 137; Plin. 3, 12, 17, § 107; Hor. S. 2, 1, 36.
In sing.: renuit negitatque Sabellus, the Sabellian or Sabine (i. e. Horace, as the owner of an estate in the Sabine territory), Hor. Ep. 1, 16, 49 Schol. Crucq. ad loc.; cf. Sil. 15, 687.
Hence,

  1. A. Săbellus, a, um, adj., of or belonging to the Sabellians, Sabellian, Sabine: ager, Liv. 8, 1: cohortes, id. 10, 19 fin.: pubes, Verg. G. 2, 167: mater, id. A. 8, 510: veru, id. ib. 7, 665: ligones, Hor. C. 3, 6, 38: mensa, Juv. 3, 169: anus, i. e. an old hag, Hor. S. 1, 9, 29; cf. carmina, id. Epod. 17, 28: jaculator, Sil. 4, 221.
  2. B. Săbellĭ-cus, a, um, adj., Sabellian, Sabine: sus, Verg. G. 3, 255: genus caulium, Plin. 19, 8, 41, § 141.

Săbellĭus, i, m., an elder of the Christian Church at Rome, and afterwards at Ptolemais, in the third century, the founder of the heretical sect of Sabellians, Prud. Apoth. 178.
Hence, Săbellĭāni, ōrum, m., the followers of Sabellius, Sabellians, Ambros. Fid. 5, 13, 162; id. Incarn. Sacr. 2, 8.

Săbīna, ae, v. Sabini, B. 2.

Săbīnē, adv., v. Sabini, A. β.

Săbīni, ōrum, m., the Sabines, an ancient Italian people adjoining the Latins, a part of whom, as early as the time of Romulus, were united with the Romans as one people, under the name of Quirites, Plin. 3, 12, 17, § 108; Cato ap. Serv. Verg. A. 8, 638; Varr. R. R. 3, 16, 29; id. L. L. 5, § 32 Müll.; Col. praef. § 19; Liv. 1, 9 sq.; 1, 9, 31; 33, 2, 16 sq.; 3, 26 sq.; Cic. Rep. 2, 7, 12; id. Off. 1, 11, 35; id. Balb. 13, 31: rigidi, Ov. M. 14, 797; Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 25 et saep.
Meton. (cf.: Bruttii, Lucani, and v. Varr. L. L. 5, § 32 Müll.), the Sabine territory: ex Sabinis, Varr. R. R. 3, 1, 6; Liv. 1, 45: ardui, Hor. C. 3, 4, 22.
Hence,

  1. A. Săbīnus, a, um, adj., Sabine: ager, Varr. R. R. 1, 14, 4; 3, 1, 6; Cic. Lig. 11, 32; id. Agr. 2, 25, 66; id. Sen. 7, 24; Hor. S. 2, 7, 118 al.: montes, Varr. R. R. 3, 17, 9: fana, id. L. L. 6, § 57 Müll.: virgines raptae, id. ib. 6, 3, 57; Cic. Rep. 2, 7, 12; Liv. 1, 9 sq. et saep.: lingua, Varr. L. L. 5, § 66 Müll.: vocabulum, id. ib. 5, § 107 ib.; cf. origo (vocabuli), id. ib. 7, § 28 ib.: ficus, Varr. R. R. 1, 67: salix, Col. 4, 30, 4: oleum, Pall. Mart. 9, 8 et saep.
        1. * (β) Adv.: Săbīnē, in Sabine, in the Sabine tongue, Varr. L. L. 5, § 159 Müll.
    1. 2. In partic.: Sabina herba, a kind of juniper, the savin: Juniperus Sabina, Linn.; used for incense, Cato, R. R. 70, 1; Plin. 16, 20, 33, § 79; 17, 13, 21, § 98; 24, 11, 61, § 102; Verg. Cul. 402; Prop. 4 (5), 3, 58; Ov. F. 1, 343; 4, 741.
      Hence,
  2. B. Substt.
    1. 1. Săbīnus, i, m., a Sabine, Liv. 1, 45; 3, 26.
      And as a Roman proper name,
        1. (α) A servant of Trebonius, Cic. Fam. 16, 16.
        2. (β) The name of an Augustan poet, a friend of Ovid, Ov. Am. 2, 18, 27; the same perh. also Hor. Ep. 1, 5, 27.
        3. (γ) The surname of the jurist Massurius, v. h. v.
        4. (δ) A brother of the emperor Vespasian, Suet. Vesp. 1.
          Hence, Săbīnĭānus, a, um, adj., of or pertaining to Sabinus: libri Sabiniani, the books composed by him, Cod. Just. 3, 33, 17; 3, 34, 14 al.
          Subst.: Săbīnĭāni, ōrum, m., the followers of Sabinus, the Sabinists, Dig. 24, 1, 11; 41, 1, 11.
    2. 2. Săbīna, ae, f., a Sabine woman, Prop. 2, 6, 21; 2, 32 (3, 30), 47; Ov. Am. 2, 4, 15; id. A. A. 1, 102.
  3. C. Săbī-num, i, n.
      1. a. (Sc. vinum.) Sabine wine: vile, Hor. C. 1, 20, 1.
      2. b. (Sc. praedium.) The estate of Horace in the territory of the Sabines, north of Tibur, described by the poet, Hor. Ep. 1, 16, 1-14; cf. Sil. 3, 596.
        In plur. (sc. praedia): satis beatus unicis Sabinis, Hor. C. 2, 18, 14.

Sabis, is, m.

  1. I. A river in Gallia Belgica, now the Sambre, Caes. B. G. 2, 16; 2, 18.
  2. II. A river in Carmania, Mel. 3, 8, 4; Plin. 6, 23, 27, § 107.
  3. III. A deity of the Sabœans, Plin. 12, 14, 32, § 63.

sablo, sablum, v. sabulo.

Sabota, ae, f., a city in Arabia Felix, Plin. 6, 28, 32, § 155; 12, 13, 30, § 52 al.

Sābrăta (Sābrătha), ae, f., a town of Africa, near the Lesser Syrtis, now Sabart, Plin. 5, 4, 3, § 25; Sol. 27.
Hence, Sābrătensis, e, adj., of or belonging to Sabrata, Suet. Vesp. 3; Cypr. Conc. Carth. p. 120.

Sabrīna, ae, f., a river of Britain, now the Severn, Tac. A. 12, 31.

sabūcus, i, v. sambucus.

* săbŭlēta, ōrum, n. [sabulum], sandy places, Plin. 27, 8, 41, § 64.

săbŭlo, ōnis, m. (săbŭlum, i, n., Varr. ap. Non. 169, 10; Plin. 17, 4, 3, § 25; 31, 3, 28, § 48; 36, 25, 63, § 188; Curt. 7, 4, 27), coarse sand, gravel (syn.: harena, glarea), Varr. R. R. 1, 9, 5; Col. 3, 11, 9; 4, 33, 1; Vitr. 2, 3; 8, 1; Pall. Aug. 8, 2.
Sync.: sā̆blo and sā̆blum, Ven. Fort. 9, 15, 5.

săbŭlōsus, a, um, adj. [sabulo], full of sand, sandy, gravelly: loca, Col. 2, 15, 4: arva, id. 2, 10, 23: terra, Plin. 13, 4, 7, § 28: solum, id. 35, 14, 49, § 170: aprica, id. 21, 29, 103, § 175: lutum, Vitr. 2, 3.

săbŭlum, i, v. sabulo.

1. săburra, ae, f. [kindr. with sabulo], sand, esp. in ships as ballast: onerarias multā saburrā gravatas, Liv. 37, 14 fin.: fluctu jactante saburram, Verg. G. 4, 195; Plin. 16, 40, 76, § 201; 10, 23, 30, § 60.

2. Săburra (Sabbŭra), ae, m., a lieutenant of King Juba, Caes. B. C. 2, 38, 1; 40, 1; 41, 2; Hirt. B. Afr. 95, 1.
Form Sabbŭra, Sil. 15, 441; Luc. 4, 723.

* săburrālis, e, adj. [saburra], consisting of sand, sand-: sacoma, Vitr. 9, 9 med.

‡ săburrārĭus, ii, m. [saburra], one who carries ballast to ships: CORPVS SABVRRARIORVM, Inscr. Orell. 4116.

săburro, no perf., ātum, 1, v. a. [saburra], to fill or lade with ballast, to ballast (rare).

  1. I. Lit.: sese harenā (echini), Plin. 18, 35, 87, § 361.
    Mid., to ballast one’s self: grues sublatis lapillis ad moderatam gravitatem saburrantur, Sol. 10.
  2. II. Transf.: ubi saburratae sumus, we are stuffed full, crammed full, comic. for saturatae, Plaut. Cist. 1, 2, 2; so, too, perh. sanguis, i. e. of a drunken person, Arn. 5, 12 Orell. N. cr.

Sabus, i, m.

  1. I. A king of India, Curt. 9, 8, 11.
  2. II. The progenitor and god of the Sabines, Sil. 8, 423.

Săcae (Săgae), ārum, m., = Σάκαι, a people of Northern Asia, a part of the Scythians, Mel. 3, 7, 1; Plin. 6, 17, 19, § 50; Curt. 5, 9, 5; 7, 4, 6; Cat. 11, 6.
In sing.: Săces (Σάκης), Claud. Laud. Stil. 1, 157.

†† sacal, indecl. n. [Egyptian], Egyptian amber, Plin. 37, 2, 11, § 36.

saccārĭus, a, um, adj. [saccus], of or belonging to sacks, sack- (post-Aug.).

  1. I. Adj.: navis, perh. laden with sacks, Auct. ap. Quint. 8, 2, 13.
  2. II. Substt.
    1. A. sac-cārĭus, ii, m., one who carries sacks, Dig. 18, 1, 40, § 3; Inscr. Orell. 4176.
    2. * B. sac-cārĭa, ae,f., the labor of a porter, App. M. 1, p. 36 fin. (al. sagariam).

saccātum, i, n. [sacco, II.], urine, Arn. 2, p. 69.

saccellātĭo, ōnis, f. [saccellus]; in the later medic. lang., the applying of a little bag, a dry poultice, Veg. 3, 11, 3; 5, 23, 9.

saccellus, i, m. dim. [saccus], a little bag: sonantes aere, Petr. 140 fin.: calidi, i.e. dry poultices for the sick, Cels. 4, 4 med.; so Veg. 2, 24, 5; 3, 28, 3 al.; Vulg. Mich. 6, 11.

saccĕus, a, um, adj. [saccus], of or belonging to a sack, sack- (late Lat.): cingulum, tunica, i. e. of coarse sackcloth, Hier. Ep. 22, 27; id. Vit. Hilar. 44.

† sacchăron, i, n., = σάκχαρον, a sweet juice distilling from the joints of the bamboo, a kind of sugar, Plin. 12, 8, 17, § 32; cf. Luc. 3, 237.

* saccĭbuccis, e, adj. [saccus-bucca], chubby-cheeked, Arn. 3, 108.

saccīnus, a, um [saccus, II.], made of hair-cloth: pallium, Vulg. Zach. 13, 4.

saccĭpērĭum, ii, n. [saccus-pera], a pocket for carrying a purse, Plaut. Rud. 2, 6, 64.

sacco, no perf., ātum, 1, v. a. [saccus], to strain through a bag, to strain, filter.

  1. I. Lit.: saccata aqua (opp. turbida), Sen. Ep. 86, 11; Plin. 18, 7, 17, § 77; 29, 2, 10, § 35; 33, 6, 34, § 104 al.: Caecuba, to filter, Mart. 2, 40, 5.
  2. II. Transf., of urine: saccatus umor corporis, Lucr. 4, 1028; Ser. Samm. 6, 77.

saccŭlārĭus, ii, m. [sacculus], one who by juggling tricks, etc., steals money from the pocket; a cut-purse, pick-pocket, swindler, Dig. 47, 11, 7; 18, 1; Ascon. ad Cic. Tog. Cand. p. 90.

saccŭlus, i, m. dim. [saccus], a little sack or bag (not in Cic.); for filtering wine, Lucil. ap. Cic. Fin. 2, 8, 23; for grain, App. M. 9, p. 232 et saep.; esp. for money, a purse, Plin. 2, 51, 52, § 137: pleno cum turget sacculus ore, Juv. 14, 138; 11, 27; Mart. 5, 39, 7; 11, 3, 6; Dig. 16, 2, 1, § 36; Vulg. Prov. 7, 20.
Hence, comic.: sacculus Plenus aranearum, i. e. empty, Cat. 13, 8.

† saccus, i, m., = σάκκος, a sack, bag.

  1. I. Cum iste civitatibus frumentum, coria, cilicia, saccos imperaret, Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 38, § 95: (mulus ferebat) tumentes multo saccos hordeo, Phaedr. 2, 7, 3.
    Esp., a moneybag: mensam poni jubet atque Effundi saccos nummorum, Hor. S. 2, 3, 149; 1, 1, 70; Mart. 10, 74, 6.
    Of a bag for straining, filtering wine, Col. 9, 15, 12; Mart. 12, 60, 9; Plin. 14, 22, 28, § 138; 19, 4, 19, § 53; hence, vinarii, id. 24, 1, 1, § 3: nivarius, for straining snow-water, Mart. 14, 104 in lemm.; for purifying fat: adeps saccatus lineis saccis, Plin. 29, 6, 39, § 134; for laying on a diseased part of the body: nervorum dolores, in saccis aquā ferventi crebro candefactus levat, id. 31, 9, 44, § 102; Veg. 5, 57, 2 et saep.
    Of a beggar’s wallet or scrip; prov.: ad saccum ire, to go beg, Plaut. Capt. 1, 1, 22.
  2. II. Transf. (eccl. Lat.; like the Heb. [??]), a garment of sackcloth or hair-cloth, Vulg. 2 Reg. 3, 31; id. Joel, 1, 8; id. Jona, 3, 5 et saep.; Hier. Ep. 44; Aug. Narrat. in Psa. 2, 29 fin.; Paul. Nol. Carm. 35, 451.

săcellum, i, n. dim. [sacrum], a little sanctuary, i. e. a small uncovered place consecrated to a divinity; a chapel: sacellum est locus parvus deo sacratus cum āra, Trebatius ap. Gell. 6, 12, 5: sacella dicuntur loca diis sacrata sine tecto, Fest. p. 318, and Paul. ex Fest. p. 319 Müll.; Ter. Ad. 4, 2, 37: sunt loca publica urbis, sunt sacella, Cic. Agr. 2, 14, 36; cf. Liv. 40, 51 fin.: exaugurare fana sacellaque statuit, id. 1, 55: Caeciliam Metelli exisse in quoddam sacellum ominis capiendi causā, Cic. Div. 1, 46, 104: et quo—sed faciles Nymphae risere—sacello, Verg. E. 3, 9 Forbig. ad loc.: Atheniensium muros ex sacellis sepulchrisque constitisse, Nep. Them. 6, 6: flore sacella tego, Prop. 4 (5), 3, 57: incultum, id. 2, 19, 13: Quirini, Fest. s. v. Quirinalis porta, p. 254 Müll.; cf. Liv. 5, 40: Naeniae deae, Fest. p. 163 Müll.; Tac. H. 3, 74; Ov. F. 1, 275; Juv. 13, 232.

săcer, sā̆cra, sā̆crum (ante-class. collat. form sacer, sacris, sacre; plur.: sacres porci, Plaut. Men. 2, 2, 16; id. Rud. 4, 6, 4; Varr. R. R. 2, 1, 20; 4, 16; sing. acc.: sacrem porcum, Fest. s. h. v. p. 318 Müll.), adj. [root sa-; Gr. σάος, σῶος, safe; whence Lat. sānus], dedicated or consecrated to a divinity, holy, sacred, = ἱερός (cf.: sanctus, augustus): Gallus Aelius ait, sacrum esse quocumque modo atque instituto civitatis consecratum sit, sive aedis, sive ara, sive signum, sive locus, sive pecunia, sive quid aliud quod dis dedicatum atque consecratum sit, Fest. s. v. sacer mons, p. 318 Müll.; cf.: quicquid destinatum est diis, sacrum vocatur, Macr. S. 3, 7: sacrae (res) sunt quae diis superis consecratae sunt: religiosae quae diis manibus relictae sunt, Gai. Inst. 2, 3.

  1. I. In gen.
          1. (α) Absol.: quicquam (opp. profanum), Plaut. Merc. 2, 3, 27; id. Trin. 2, 2, 8; cf.: aedificiis omnibus, publicis privatis sacris profanis, sic pepercit, etc., Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 54, § 129; so, locus sacer et profanus, id. Inv. 1, 26, 38; Auct. Her. 2, 4, 7; Quint. 5, 10, 38: miscebis sacra profanis, Hor. Ep. 1, 16, 54; id. A. P. 397; Nep. Them. 6, 5; Sall. C. 11, 6: villae signis et tabulis refertae partim publicis partim etiam sacris et religiosis, Cic. Leg. 3, 13, 31; so (with religiosus) id. Verr. 2, 4, 57, § 127; Suet. Tib. 61: mores autem rapere properant quā sacrum quā puplicum, Plaut. Trin. 4, 3, 37: (legum) genera sunt tria, sacri, publici, privati juris, Quint. 2, 4, 33; cf. in the sup.: deprecor hoc unum per jura sacerrima lecti, Ov. H. 9, 159: aedes, Plaut. Am. 4, 1, 5; Cic. Fam. 13, 11, 1; Quint. 4, 2, 8; Ov. M. 14, 315: lucus late sacer, Verg. A. 5, 761: arvum Martis, Ov. M. 7, 101: ara, Plaut. Aul. 4, 1, 20: aurum, Liv. 5, 50; cf. pecunia (opp. privata), Quint. 4, 2, 8: arma, Liv. 24, 21: tus, Ov. M. 14, 130: sanguis (of the sacrificial victim), Cat. 68, 75: ales (so called from its use in augury), Verg. A. 11, 721: luces (with profestae), Hor. C. 4, 15, 25; cf. dies (with religiosus), Suet. Tib. 61: tempus, Hor. C. S. 4: commissum, a crime against religion, Cic. Leg. 2, 9 et saep.
            Poet.: vitis (as sacred to Bacchus), Enn. ap. Charis. p. 214 P. (Trag. v. 149 Vahl.); Hor. C. 1, 18, 1; so, laurus, id. ib. 3, 4, 18; Verg. A. 7, 60: robur, Ov. M. 8, 752: aqua, Hor. C. 1, 1, 22: fontes, Ov. M. 2, 464; Verg. E. 1, 53: focus, Hor. Epod. 2, 43: Tarentum, id. C. 1, 28, 29: fines, Sil. 3, 501; cf. montes (the Alps, because not to be ascended by men), id. 4, 70; vates (because dedicated to Apollo), Hor. C. 4, 9, 28; Tib. 2, 5, 113; cf.: sacer interpresque deorum Orpheus, Hor. A. P. 391; and (for sanctus) of the divinity itself: Vesta, Prop. 3, 4 (4, 3), 11; so, Cybebe, id. 3 (4), 22, 3 (but in Liv. 3, 19: ut sacrosancti habeantur, quibus ipsi dii neque sacri neque sancti sunt, so used only on account of the lusus verbb. with sacrosancti; v. the context).
            Sacer Mons, a hill about three miles from Rome, beyond the Anio, and on the right of the Via Nomentana, to which the Roman people retired during their controversy with the Senate, Liv. 2, 32; 3, 52; Cic. Rep. 2, 37, 63; id. Brut. 14, 54: os sacrum, quod imum ventrem sustinet, Cael. Aur. Tard. 1, 4: Sacra Via, or (poet.) Sacer Clivus, a street in Rome leading from the Forum to the Capitol, Cic. Planc. 7, 17; id. Att. 4, 3, 3; Hor. S. 1, 9, 1; id. C. 4, 2, 35; Mart. 1, 70, 5; v. also via, I. A. 2.: sacer morbus, the epilepsy, Cael. Aur. Tard. 1, 4: sacer lapis, a stone landmark, a mere-stone, Liv. 41, 13: os sacrum, anatom. t. t., = Gr. ἱερὸν ὀστέον, the lowest bone of the spine, Cael. Aur. Tard. 1, 4, 24: litterae sacrae (eccl. Lat.), the Scriptures, Vulg. 2 Tim. 3, 15.
            For its combinations with ignis, via, etc., v. those words.
          2. (β) With gen. (class.): ego te sacram coronam surripuisse scio Jovis, Plaut. Men. 5, 5, 38; so, urna Veneris, id. Rud. 2, 5, 16 (for which: urna Veneria, id. ib. 2, 5, 18): Dianae celebris dies, Hor. C. 2, 12, 20: sepulcrum Batti veteris, Cat. 7, 6; cf. Plin. 8, 21, 31, § 76.
            As a predicate: terra, ut focus domiciliorum, sacra deorum omnium est (a transl. of the Platon. Γῆ ἱερὰ πάντων θεῶν), Cic. Leg. 2, 18, 45: illa insula (sc. Delos) eorum deorum sacra putatur, id. Verr. 2, 1, 18, § 48.
          3. (γ) With dat. (mostly poet. and in post-Aug. prose; cf. infra, II. A.): sacra Jovi quercus, Ov. M. 7, 623: esculus Jovi sacra, Plin. 16, 4, 5, § 11: Nymphis cervus, Ov. M. 10, 109: Cereri Polyphoetes (as a priest), Verg. A. 6, 484: pugionem templo Salutis detraxerat gestabatque velut magno operi sacrum, Tac. A. 15, 53: cupressus Diti sacra, Plin. 16, 33, 60, § 139: aesculus Jovi, id. 16, 4, 5, § 11.
            As a predicate: Jani mensis, Qui sacer est imis Manibus, Ov. F. 2, 52, quercus antiqua, quae erat Marti sacra, Suet. Vesp. 5 (al. sacrata).
    1. B. Transf., in gen., holy, sacred, awful, venerable (not till after the Aug. per., and very rare): silentium, Hor. C. 2, 13, 29: laedere amantes, Prop. 3, 16 (4, 15), 11: lingua (Ciceronis), Mart. 5, 69, 7: Maro, id. 8. 56, 3: quaedam patris memoria, Quint. 11, 1, 59: O sacer et magnus vatum labor, Luc. 9, 983: heu sacri vatum errores, Sil. 8, 100.
      So used of the emperors; disapproved of by Tiberius: (Tiberius) alium dicentem sacras ejus occupationes verba mutare et pro sacris laboriosas dicere coëgit, Suet. Tib. 27.
      But soon after Tiberius in general use: auris Caesaris, Mart. 7, 99, 4: sacri lateris custos, id. 6, 76, 1: apud aures sacras mentitus est, Amm. 28, 6, 26 (cf.: se Imperatori mentitum, id. 28, 6, 26, § 21); and hence, for ecclesiastical: domus, comitatus, scrinia, largitiones, etc., in the law books et saep.
  2. II. In partic., with a bad accessory signif., devoted to a divinity for destruction, forfeited; and absol., accursed, criminal, impious, wicked.
          1. (α) With dat.: si quisquam aliuta faxit, ipsos Jovi sacer esto, Lex Numae ap. Fest. p. 6 Müll.; cf.: ut caput ejus Jovi sacrum esset, an ancient plebiscitum ap. Liv. 3, 55, 7: non alienum videtur, de condicione eorum hominum referre, quos leges sacros esse certis diis jubent, quod, cum cetera sacra violari nefas sit, hominem sacrum jus fuerit occidi, etc., Macr. S. 3, 7.
          2. (β) Absol.: homo sacer is est, quem populus judicavit ob maleficium; neque fas est eum immolari; sed qui occidit, parricidii non damnatur. Nam lege tribuniciā primā cavetur: si quis eum, qui eo plebei scito sacer sit, occiderit, parricida ne sit. Ex quo quivis homo malus atque improbus sacer appellari solet, Fest. s. v. sacer mons, p. 318 Müll.: PATRONVS SI CLIENTI FRAVDEM FECERIT SACER ESTO, LEX XII. Tab. ap. Serv. Verg. A. 6, 609; in imitation: uter aedilis fuerit, etc. … is intestabilis et sacer esto, Hor. S. 2, 3, 181: eum, qui cuiquam nocuerit, sacrum sanciri, Liv. 3, 55.
    1. B. Transf., in gen., accursed, execrable, detestable, horrible, infamous, etc. (only poet. and in post-Aug. prose).
        1. a. Of persons: ego sum malus, Ego sum sacer, scelestus, Plaut. Bacch. 4, 6, 14; Afran. ap. Non. 397, 22 (with malus); Lucil. ib. 397, 27.
          Sup., Plaut. Most. 4, 2, 67: homo sacerrimus, id. Poen. prol. 90; id. Rud. 1, 2, 69; Turp. ap. Non. 397, 29 (with pessimus).
        2. b. Of things: sacerrimum domicilium, Turp. ap. Non. 397, 30: di magni, horribilem et sacrum libellum, Cat. 14, 12: hircus alarum, id. 71, 1: auri fames, Verg. A. 3, 57 (for which: aurum fame, Plin. 33, 1, 3, § 6: venenum (Medeae), Val. Fl. 7, 165: nox, id. 8, 25: arma metu, id. 4, 185; cf. pavor, id. 1, 798: insania, Stat. Th. 10, 804: morbus, i. e. epilepsy, Cael. Aur. Tard. 1, 4.
          With dat.: ut immerentis fluxit in terram Remi Sacer nepotibus cruor, Hor. Epod. 7, 20.
          Comp. and adv. do not appear (as for the comp. v. Varr. L. L. 8, § 77 Müll.).
          Hence, subst.: sā̆crum, i, n., something consecrated; a holy or sacred thing, a sacred vessel or utensil; a sanctuary, a temple; a religious act, a sacrifice, etc.; in plur. in gen., sacred rites, religious worship, religion (both of the State and of single races and families; and even of individuals; v. infra, β; class.; most freq. in plur.).
    1. A. Lit.
          1. (α) Sing.: sacrum sacrove commendatum qui cleperit rapsitque parricida esto, Cic. Leg. 2, 9, 22: ubi sacro manus sis admolitus, Plaut. As. 3, 2, 24: omne sacrum rapiente dextrā, Hor. C. 3, 3, 52: metuens velut contingere sacrum, id. S. 2, 3, 110: apud Cluacinae sacrum, Plaut. Curc. 4, 1, 10; Quint. 1, 4, 6: Minervae, Dict. Cret. 5, 12 fin.: theatrum veluti quoddam illius sacri templum vocabimus, Quint. 3, 8, 29: quae (sacerdos Cereris) Graecum illud sacrum monstraret et faceret, Cic. Balb. 24, 55: sacrum Herculi facere, Liv. 1, 7: facere Junoni, Prop. 4 (5), 9, 43: facto per Magos sacro, Suet. Ner. 34: sollemne sacrum conficere, Flor. 1, 13, 16: ita se habet sacrum (Suovetaurilia), Quint. 1, 5, 67: arma lecta conici in acervum jussit consul sacrumque id Vulcano cremavit, Liv. 41, 12: sacrum piaculare fieri, id. 29, 19: sollemne Apollinis sacrum, Suet. Aug. 94; Ov. M. 12, 33: pyrā sacri sub imagine factā, id. ib. 14, 80: nec de lucernā fas est accendi sacrum, Phaedr. 4, 11, 13: neve initianto, nisi ut assolet, Cereri, Graeco sacro, according to the Grecian rites, Cic. Leg. 2, 9, 21; cf.: vetabo, qui Cereris sacrum Vulgarit arcanae, Hor. C. 3, 2, 26: morientibus operire (oculos) rursusque in rogo patefacere, Quiritium ritu sacrum est, Plin. 11, 37, 55, § 150: in sacro est, id. 18, 12, 30, § 118.
          2. (β) Plur.: sacra deosque penates .. ex aedibus suis eripuisse dixit, sacred vessels or utensils, holy things, Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 5, § 13; cf. Liv. 5, 40: sacra omnia proferre, Auct. B. Alex. 32, 3: portabant canistris, Ov. M. 2, 713: Troïa, Tib. 2, 5, 40: velut qui Junonis sacra ferret, Hor. S. 1, 3, 11; cf. of the same, Verg. A. 2, 293; 2, 717 Heyne; Ov. F. 1, 527; id. H. 7, 80; 7, 158: cumque suis penetralia sacris, i. e. the images of the gods, Penates, id. M. 1, 287: jactata aequoribus sacra, Hor. C.4,4,54: pueri Sacra canunt, sacred songs, Verg. A. 2, 239; cf. Ov. Tr. 4, 10, 19: sacra ordine in mensā Penatium deorum Ponuntur, sacred gifts, offerings, Naev. B. Pun. 1, 11: neve ulla vitiorum sacra sollemnia obeunto, Cic. Leg. 2, 8, 19: sicut in sollemnibus sacris fieri consuevit, Sall. C. 22, 2: qui (Mercurius) sacris anniversariis coleretur, Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 39, § 84 (for which: sacrificiis anniversariis colebatur, id. ib. 2, 4, 57, § 128: sacris e principum numero pontifices quinque praefecit, id. Rep. 2, 14, 26: (Romulus) sacra diis aliis Albano ritu, Graeco Herculi facit, Liv. 1, 7; cf.: sacra Jovi facturus erat, Ov. M. 3, 26: sacra Jovi Stygio Perficere, Verg. A. 4, 638: ipse (Numa) plurima sacra obibat, Liv. 1, 20: densi circumstant sacra ministri, Ov. M. 2, 717: arcana sacra, Hor. Epod. 5, 52; Ov. M. 10, 436: fera, id. ib. 13, 454: nefanda, id. ib. 10, 228: mystica, id. H. 2, 42: horrida, Sil. 3, 140: veneranda, id. 7, 382: casta, Stat. Achill. 1, 370.
        1. a. Divine worship or religion in gen.: publica sacra, quae publico sumptu pro populo fiunt, quaeque pro montibus, pagis, curiis, sacellis: at privata, quae pro singulis hominibus, familiis, gentibus fiunt, Fest. pp. 244 and 245 Müll.; Liv. 5, 52: quo foedere (Romulus) et Sabinos in civitatem ascivit, sacris communicatis, Cic. Rep. 2, 7, 13: quod per populum errari fas non erat propter religionem sacrorum, id. Agr. 2, 7, 18; so, religio sacrorum, id. Fl. 28, 69: sacra Cereris conficere, id. Balb. 24, 55; so, Cereris, Hor. S. 2, 8, 14 (cf. supra, α fin.): Eleusina, Suet. Claud. 23: Junonis, Hor. S. 1, 3, 11: Orphica, rites, solemnity, festival, Cic. N. D. 3, 23, 58: Bacchia, Ov. M. 3, 518: trieterica Bacchi, id. ib. 6, 587: Dianae, id. ib. 7, 94; 15, 489: Isidis, Suet. Oth. 12 et saep.
        2. b. The private religious rites of a gens, a family, etc. (observed by the Romans with the greatest care): sacra privata perpetua manento, Cic. Leg. 2, 9, 22; cf. id. ib. 2, 19, 47: an gentilicia sacra ne in bello quidem intermitti, publica sacra et Romanos deos etiam in pace deseri placet? Liv. 5, 52: ut ne morte patris familias sacrorum memoria occideret, Cic. Leg. 2, 19, 48: docebant (antiqui) tribus modis sacris adstringi, id. ib. 2, 20, 49: magnum est eadem habere monumenta majorum, eisdem uti sacris, sepulcra habere communia, id. Off. 1, 17, 55; cf.: ut qui natus sit, ignoret, cujus sanguinis, quorum sacrorum sit, Liv. 4,2: sacra interire illi (majores) noluerunt, Cic. Mur. 12, 27: sacrorum alienatio, id. Or. 42, 144 (v. alienatio); cf. sing.: sacrum familiare, Macr. S. 1, 16: nuptialia, marriage solemnities, Quint. 1, 7, 28; called also jugalia, Ov. M. 7, 700; cf. respecting the sacra privata of the Romans, Savigny, in his Zeitschr. 2, p. 397 sq.
        3. c. Poet., poems (as sacred to the Muses): mihi jam puero caelestia sacra placebant, Inque suum furtim Musa trahebat opus, Ov. Tr. 4, 10, 19: vatum, Pers. prol. 7: Maronis, Mart. 7, 63, 5.
      1. 2. Prov.
        1. a. Inter sacrum saxumque stare, to stand between the victim and the knife, i. e. to be between the door and the wall, to be in great straits, Plaut. Capt. 3, 4, 84; cf.: inter sacrum et saxum positus, App. M. 11, p. 271 fin.
        2. b. Hereditas sine sacris, i. e. a great profit without trouble, = a rose without thorns, meat without bone, etc. (because the keeping up of the sacra privata was attended with great expense), Plaut. Capt. 4, 1, 8, and id. Trin. 2, 4, 83; cf. Fest. p. 290 Müll.
    2. B. Transf., in gen. (the figure being borrowed from secret religious rites), in plur.: sacra, secrets, mysteries (not till after the Aug. period, and very rare): sacra tori coitusque novos referebam, Ov. M. 7, 709: peregisse mihi videor sacra tradentium artes, Quint. 5, 14, 27 (cf.: omnes fere, qui legem dicendi, quasi quaedam mysteria, tradiderunt, id. 5, 13, 60): litterarum colere, id. 10, 1, 92: studiorum profanare, Tac. Or. 11.

1. săcerdos, ōtis, comm. (fem. collat. form SACERDOTA, Inscr. Orell. 2184; cf. antistes init.; gen. plur. SACERDOTIVM, Inscr. Orell. 1942) [sacer], a priest; a priestess: divis aliis alii sacerdotes, omnibus pontifices, singulis flamines sunto. . . sacerdotum duo genera sunto: unum quod praesit caerimoniis et sacris, alterum quod interpretetur fatidicorum et vatum effata incognita, etc., Cic. Leg. 2, 8, 20; cf. Liv. 1, 19; Suet. Tib. 26: in collegio sacerdotum, Cic. Brut. 33, 127: publici, Liv. 5, 40; 26, 23; 42, 28; Suet. Vit. 11: Phoebi, Verg. A. 3, 80: sacerdotes casti, id. ib. 6, 661: populi Romani, Gell. 10, 24, 9: Jovis, Suet. Galb. 9; cf. Dialis, id. Dom. 4: Dianae Ephesiae, Plaut. Bacch. 2, 3, 73: maximus (Syracusanorum), Cic. Verr. 2,2,52, § 128: tumuloque sacerdos additur Anchiseo, Verg. A. 5, 760.
In fem.: sacra Cereris per Graecas semper curata sunt sacerdotes, etc., Cic. Balb. 24, 55; id. Verr. 2, 4, 45, § 99: Veneris, Plaut. Rud. 2, 4, 17; cf. Veneria, id. ib. 2, 2, 23; 2, 3, 20; 3, 2, 30: hujus fani, id. ib. 1, 5, 27.
Absol., Plaut. Rud. 2, 3, 73; 2, 4, 27; 2, 5, 22 al.: Vestae, a Vestal, Ov. F. 5, 573; Cic. Font. 17, 47 (37): Vestalis, an old formula ap. Gell. 1, 12, 14: Troïa, i. e. Ilia, Hor. C. 3, 3, 32 et saep.; v. the inscriptions in Orell. 2160 sq.
In apposition: proximi nobilissimis ac sacerdotibus viris, Vell. 2, 124: in illo adultero sacerdote, Quint. 5, 10, 104: sacerdotem anum praecipem Reppulit, Plaut. Rud. 3, 3, 8; cf. regina (i. e. Rhea Silvia), Verg. A. 1, 273.
Transf., sarcastically: ille popularis, i. e. Clodius (on account of his smuggling himself in among the priestesses of the Bona Dea), Cic. Sest. 30, 66; of the same: stuprorum sacerdos, id. ib. 17, 39: tyranni sacerdos, id. Phil. 2, 43, 110.
In eccl. Lat., of Christ as a mediator between God and men, Vulg. Heb. 7, 15.

2. Săcerdos, ōtis, m. [1. sacerdos], a surname of frequent occurrence, esp. in the gens Licinia: C. Sacerdos, a prœtor in Sicily before Verres, Cic. Verr. 1, 10, 27; id. Planc. 11, 27.

săcerdōtālis (collat. form SACERDOTIALIS, Inscr. Orell. 2469), e, adj. [1. sacerdos], of or belonging to priests, priestly, sacerdotal (post-Aug.).

    1. 1. Adj.: ludi, given by the priests on entering upon their office, Plin. Ep. 7, 24, 6: nomen, used by priests, Macr. S. 3, 5, 6: sedes, an episcopal see, Amm. 15, 7, 9: lex, Tert. adv. Jud. 5: vir, a man of priestly rank, Vell. 1, 124, 4; Inscr. Orell. 4981.
      Hence,
    2. 2. In late Lat., subst.: săcerdōtālis, is, m., one who has filled a priestly office, Cod. Th. 12, 5, 2; Tert. Spect. 11; Amm. 28, 6, 10; Inscr. Orell. 1108.

săcerdōtĭālis, is, v. sacerdotalis init.

săcerdōtĭum, ii, n. [1. sacerdos], the priesthood, the office or dignity of priests, the sacerdotal office (good prose; used equally in sing. and plur.)

        1. (α) Sing.: amplissimum sacerdotium, Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 51, § 127: amplissimi sacerdotii collegium, id. Fam. 3, 10, 9: propter amplitudinem sacerdotii, id. Agr. 2, 7, 18: homo in sacerdotio diligentissimus, id. Rab. Perd. 10, 27: eodem sacerdotio praeditus, id. Sen. 17, 61: familiare, Liv. 9, 29: priscum et religiosum, Plin. Ep. 4, 8, 1.
        2. (β) Plur.: hoc idem de ceteris sacerdotiis Cn. Domitius tulit: quod populus per religionem sacerdotia mandare non poterat, Cic. Agr. 2, 7, 18: lex de sacerdotiis, id. Lael. 25, 96: de sacerdotiis contendere, Caes. B. C. 3, 82.
  1. B. In eccl. Lat., of the mediatorial office of Christ, Vulg. Heb. 7, 12; 7, 24.

săcerdōtŭla, ae, f. dim. [1. sacerdos], a young or inferior priestess (very rare), Varr. L. L. 5, § 130 Müll.; Veran. ap. Paul. ex Fest. s. v. oletum, p. 203 Müll.; Fest. s. v. flaminia, p. 93 ib.

(săcersanctus, a false read. for sacer sanctusque, Tert. Cor. Mil. 13).)

Săces, ae, m., v. Sacae.

† sācōma, ătis, n., = σήκωμα, a counterpoise, a weight precisely balancing something in the opposite scale: pendet ex altera parte aequo pondere phelli sacoma saburrale, Vitr. 9, 8, 8.
Hence, ad sacoma appendĕre, precisely, exactly, Vitr. 9, praef. § 9.

sācōmārĭus, a, um, adj. [sacoma], serving for a counterpoise, used for a weight in a balance: cucurbitae, Hier. in Jon. 4, 6.
Hence, substt.

  1. A. sācōmārĭus, ii, m., one who makes counterpoises or weights in gen.; called also PONDERARIVS, Inscr. Orell. 4274.
  2. B. sācōmārĭum, ii, n., the public balance or weighing place, Inscr. Orell. 4109; 7194.

†† sacondios or socondios, ii, m. [Indian], a hyacinth-colored amethyst in India, Plin. 37, 9, 40, § 122; v. sacos, or socos.

† săcŏpēnĭum, ii, n., = σαγάπηνον, the gum-like juice of an umbelliferous plant, Plin. 19, 8, 52, § 167; 20, 18, 75, § 197; called also, from the Greek, sagapenon, id. 12, 25, 56, § 126; 19, 3, 15, § 40 (Jahn, sacopenium in both passages).

†† sacos or socos [Indian], hyacinthcolor, so called by the Indians, Plin. 37, 9, 40, § 122.

sā̆crābĭlĭter, adv. [sacra; sc. passio], like an epileptic, as if in a fit of epilepsy: spumare, Theod. Prisc. 2, 2.

sā̆crāmentālis, e, adj. [sacramentum], sacramental (late Lat.), Cassiod. in Ps. 8, 11.

sā̆crāmentum, i, n. [sacro].

  1. I. In good class. Lat., a jurid. and milit. t. t.
    1. A. Jurid. t. t., the sum which the two parties to a suit at first deposited, but afterwards became bound for, with the tresviri capitales; so called because the sum deposited by the losing party was used for religious purposes, esp. for the sacra publica; v. Fest. p. 344 Müll.; or, perh. more correctly, because the money was deposited in a sacred place; v. the foll. passage of Varro and Müller’s note. (Another reason is given in Isid. Orig. 5, 24 fin.: sacramentum est pignus sponsionis; vocatum autem sacramentum, quia violare, quod quisque promittit, perfidia est): ea pecunia, quae in judicium venit in litibus, sacramentum a sacro. Qui petebat et qui infitiabatur, de aliis rebus utrique quingenos aeris ad pontem deponebant, de aliis rebus item certo alio legitimo numero assum; qui judicio vicerat, suom sacramentum e sacro auferebat, victi ad aerarium redibat, Varr. L. L. 5, § 180 Müll. N. cr.: qui prior vindicaverat, dicebat: quando tu injuria vindicavisti, de aeris sacramento te provoco; adversarius quoque dicebat: similiter ego te; seu L. asses sacramenti nominabant … Postea praedes Praetor ab utroque accipiebat sacramenti, quod id in publicum cedebat, Gai. Inst. 4, 16; cf. id. ib. 4, 16, § 13 sq.; 95: sacramenti autem nomine id aes dici coeptum est quod et propter aerarii inopiam et sacrorum publicorum multitudinem consumebatur id in rebus divinis, Fest. p. 344 Müll.: cum in rem aliquam agerent litigatores et poena se sacramenti peterent, poscebant judicem, qui dabatur post trigesimum diem, Pseudo-Ascon. ad. Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 9, § 26 (p. 164 Orell.): de multae sacramento consules comitiis centuriatis tulerunt, Cic. Rep. 2, 35, 60.
      1. 2. Meton., a cause, a civil suit or process: decemviri re quaesitā et deliberatā sacramentum nostrum justum judicaverunt, Cic. Caecin. 33, 97; cf. transf. in gen.: homines graves, quibuscum tibi justo sacramento contendere, non liceret, on equal terms, with a fair chance of success, id. de Or. 1, 10, 42: cetera … ἔντεχνα et arguta adparebunt, ut sacramento contendas mea non esse, lay a wager, i. e. confidently assert, id. Fam. 7, 32, 2: injustis vindiciis ac sacramentis ali enos fundos petere, id. Mil. 27, 74: si Xviri sacramentum in libertatem injustum judicassent, id. Dom. 29, 78.
    2. B. Milit. t. t. (cf. infra, 2, the passage from Cic. Off. 1, 11, 36), orig. the preliminary engagement entered into by newly-enlisted troops (this was followed by the proper military oath, jusjurandum, which was at first voluntary, but, after the second Punic war, was demanded by the military tribune): milites tum (i.e. 538 A.U.C.), quod numquam antea factum erat, jurejurando ab tribunis militum adacti milites [jussu consulis conventuros]: nam ad eam diem nihil praeter sacramentum fuerat; et, ubi ad decuriatum aut centuriatum convenissent, suā voluntate ipsi inter sese decuriati equites, centuriati pedites conjurabant, sese fugae atque formidinis ergo non abituros neque ex ordine recessuros, nisi, etc. … Id ex voluntario inter ipsos foedere ad tribunos ac legitimam juris jurandi adactionem translatum, Liv. 22, 38, 2 seq. Weissenb. ad loc.; cf. Front. Strat. 4, 1, 4; and v. Becker, Antiq. 3, 2, p. 292 sq.
      Hence, since that time,
      1. 2. For jusjurandum, the military oath of allegiance (very freq. and class.): milites Domitianos sacramentum apud se dicere jubet, to take the oath of allegiance, Caes. B. C. 1, 23; so, sacramentum dicere, id. ib. 1, 86 fin.: quos consulis sacramento rogavisset, id. B. G. 6, 1: sacramentum dicere alicui, Tac. A. 1, 28; and in a like signif. in Livy: sacramento (abl.) dicere, Liv. 2, 24 fin.; 4, 53; 25, 5; 41, 5 fin.: sacramento dicere alicui, id. 24, 8: ut omnes minores quinquaginta annis sacramento (abl.) rogaret, should administer the oath of allegiance to them, swear them in, id. 40, 26; so, rogare (aliquos) sacramento, id. 32, 26; 35, 2; Quint. 12, 2, 26; in a like sense: adigere sacramento aliquos, Liv. 4, 5; 7, 11; 9, 29; Tac. A. 1, 37; id. H. 1, 55: adigere aliquos sacramento Othonis, id. ib. 1, 76: Vitellii, id. ib. 2, 55: Vespasiani, id. ib. 2, 79: adigere aliquos sacramento in nomen senatūs, Suet. Galb. 16: sacramento aliquem tenere … sacramento tenere, Caes. B. C. 2, 32; cf.: secundo eum obliget militiae sacramento, quia, priore amisso, jure cum hostibus pugnare non poterat, Cic. Off. 1, 11, 36 (in which passage the primary jurid. signif. is alluded to): ex quibus (legionibus) aetate aut valetudine fessi sacramento solvebantur, Tac. A. 16, 13 fin.: legionibus, quae sacramentum mutaverant, in paenitentiam conversis, i. e. had revolted, Suet. Claud. 13; cf.: paenitentia mutati sacramenti, id. Galb. 10: alicujus sacramentum exuere, Tac. H. 3, 42: hoc sacramento (viz. in the service of Bacchus) initiatos juvenes milites faciendos censetis? Liv. 39, 15.
        1. b. Transf., in gen., an oath, a solemn obligation or engagement (mostly post-Aug.): ut sacramento contendas mea non esse, Cic. Fam. 7, 32, 2: non ego perfidum Dixi sacramentum: ibimus, ibimus, etc., Hor. C. 2, 17, 10: in verba Eumolpi sacramentum juravimus, Petr. 117, 5: amicitiae sacramentum delevi, id. 80, 4: sacramento quodam nexi, Just. 20, 4, 14: se sacramento obstringere, ne, etc., Plin. Ep. 10, 96 (97), 7: si quod inesset mutis animalibus tacitum ac naturale sacramentum, App. M. 3, p. 140, 31.
  2. II. In eccl. and late Lat., something to be kept sacred.
      1. 1. A secret: sacramentum regis abscondere, Vulg. Tob. 12, 7.
      2. 2. The gospel revelation: nolite verba, cum sacramentum meum Erit canendum, providenter quaerere, Prud. στεφ. 10,15.
      3. 3. A mystery: sacramentum stellarum, Vulg. Apoc. 1, 20: pietatis, id. 1 Tim. 3, 16; Lact. 7, 24; Aug. de Agone Christi, 24.
      4. 4. A sacrament: signa, cum ad res divinas pertinent, sacramenta appellantur, Aug. Ep. 138: baptismi, id. Doctr. Christ. 3, 13: sanguinis Christi, id. Ep. ad Bonif. 98, 9: (matrimonii), Vulg. Eph. 5, 32.
      5. 5. The office of the ministry: Athanasium episcopum … coctus in unum quaesitus (synodus ut appellant) removit a sacramento quod obtinebat, Amm. 15, 7, 7.

Săcrāni, ōrum, m., an ancient people of Latium, Fest. p. 321 (a), 18 Müll.
Hence, adj.: Săcrānus, a, um, of the Sacrani: acies, Verg. A. 7, 796: SACERDOTES, Inscr. Gud. p. 20, 8.

sā̆crārĭum, ii, n. [sacer].

  1. I. A place for the keeping of holy things (sometimes, also, a place for prayer); a shrine, sacristy, sanctuary (cf.: fanum, sacellum, delubrum); an oratory, chapel: notandum est aliud esse sacrum locum, aliud sacrarium. Sacer locus est locus consecratus, sacrarium est locus, in quo sacra reponuntur: quod etiam in aedificio privato esse potest, Dig. 1, 8, 9; cf. Serv. Verg. A. 12, 199; Fest. s. v. secespitam, p. 348 Müll.: erat apud Hejum sacrarium magnā cum dignitate in aedibus, a majoribus traditum, perantiquum: in quo signa pulcherrima quattuor, etc., Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 2, § 4; 2, 4, 3, § 5: Caere, sacrarium populi Romani, deversorium sacerdotum ac receptaculum Romanorum sacrorum, Liv. 7, 20, 7: qui habitat in tuo sacrario, Cic. Fam. 13, 2: ubi nunc sacrarium est, Suet. Aug. 5: tensam Jovis e sacrario in domum deducere, id. Vesp. 5.
    In plur.: vetito temerat sacraria probro, Ov. M. 10, 695: ante ipsum sacrarium Bonae Deae, Cic. Mil. 31, 86: Fidei, Liv. 1, 21; cf. in the plur.: Vestae, Mart. 7, 73, 3: Ditis, Verg. A. 12, 199: Mentis bonae, Prop. 3 (4), 24, 19: VENERIS, Inscr. Orell. 1359: CERERIS ANTIATINAE, ib. 1494: MITHRAE, ib. 1051 al.: iis juvenibus bacchantibus ex obsceno sacrario eductis arma committenda? Liv. 39, 15 fin.
  2. II. Transf., a secret place, etc.: a quo (sc. te, Catilina) aquilam illam argenteam … cui domi tuae sacrarium scelerum tuorum constitutum fuit, sciam esse praemissam, Cic. Cat. 1, 9, 24; 2, 6, 13: illa arcana (naturae) … in interiore sacrario clausa sunt, Sen. Q. N. 7, 31, 3 (for which, shortly before: in sanctiore secessu): testor mentis sacraria, Jovis jusjurandum, Stat. Th. 3, 246.

‡ sā̆crārĭus, ii, m. [sacer], a sacrist, sacristan: IVNONIS, Inscr. Orell. 1304.

sā̆crātē, adv., v. sacro, P. a. fin.

sā̆crātĭo, ōnis, f. [sacro], consecration, dedication, Macr. S. 3, 7.

1. sā̆crātor, ōris, m. [sacro], one who hallows or consecrates (late Lat.): justitiae, Aug. Ep. 140.

2. Sā̆crātor, ōris, m., the name of a warrior, Verg. A. 10, 747.

sā̆crātus, a, um, Part. and P. a., from sacro.

Sacravĭenses, ĭum, v. via, I. A. 2 fin.

sacres (porci), v. sacer init.

sā̆crĭcŏla, ae, comm. [sacer-colo], one who conducted the sacra, a sacrificer, sacrificing priest or priestess (post-Aug.), Tac. H. 3, 74 (for which, sacrificuli, Suet. Dom. 1); App. Flor. 4, p. 361, 36; Macr S. 5, 19; Amm. 22, 14, 3.
In apposition: reges sacricolae, i. e. sacrificing, Prud. adv. Symm. 1, praef. 47.

* sā̆crĭfer, fĕra, fĕrum, adj. [sacer-fero], bearing sacred things: rates (Aeneae), Ov. F. 4, 252.

sā̆crĭfĭcālis, e, adj. [sacrificium], of or belonging to sucrifices, sacrificial (postAug.): apparatus, Tac. A. 2, 69: epulae, App. M. 9, p. 217, 16: ministeria et instrumenta, Tert. adv. Haer. 40; Macr. S. 3, 2.

* sā̆crĭfĭcātĭo, ōnis, f. [sacrifico], a sacrificing, sacrifice: omnis (with precatio), Cic. N. D. 2, 27, 67.

sā̆crĭfĭcātor, ōris, m. [sacrifico], a sacrificer (post class.), Tert. Spect. 8 fin.

* sā̆crĭfĭcātus, ūs, m. [sacrifico], a sacrificing, sacrifice: nullum uspiam pecus sacrificatui, habemus, App. M. 7, p. 192, 22.

sā̆crĭfĭcĭŏlus, i, m. dim. [sacrificus], he who sacrifices: rex, the priest who makes the offerings formerly made by the king (v. rex, I.), Varr. L. L. 6, 4, 31.

sā̆crĭfĭcĭum, ii, n. [sacrificus], a sacrifice (class. and very freq. in sing. and plur.).

        1. (α) Sing.: M. Popillius cum sacrificium publicum cum laenă faceret, quod erat flamen Carmentalis, Cic. Brut. 14, 56: epulare sacrificium facere, id. de Or. 3, 19, 73; cf.: sacrificio Apollini facto, Liv. 45, 27: sacrificium lustrale parare, id. 1, 28: sacrificio rite perpetrato, id. 44, 37 fin.: sollemne et statutum sacrificium, Cic. Tusc. 1, 47, 113: decem ingenui decem virgines … ad id sacrificium adhibiti, Liv. 37, 3: sacrifici genus est, Ov. P. 3, 2, 57.
        2. (β) Plur.: Druides sacrificia publica ac privata procurant, Caes. B. G. 6, 13: sacrificiis studere, id. ib. 6, 21: sacrificiis sollemnibus factis, Cic. Phil. 5, 9, 24; so, sollemnia, Liv. 5, 52: anniversaria, Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 57, § 128: publice ejusdem generis habent sacrificia, Caes. B. G. 6, 16; Cic. Fragm. ap. Quint. 9, 2, 96: sacrificia laeta, Liv. 36, 1: aliquem sacrificiis interdicere, Caes. B. G. 6, 13: sacrificia facere Libero Liberaeque, Col. 12, 18, 4: rex sacrificiorum, v. rex, A. 1.

sā̆crĭfĭco (ante-class. collat. form sā̆-crŭfĭco), āvi, ātum, 1, v. n. and a. (dep. collat. form sā̆crĭfĭcor, āri, ante-class., Varr. L. L. 6, § 18 Müll.; id. R. R. 2, 8, 1; 2, 11, 5; id. ap. Non. 480, 2 sq.; cf. Gell. 18, 12 fin., and Varr. L. L. 9, § 105 ib.; so, late Lat., sacrificati, Christians who sacrifice to the gods under persecution, Cypr. Ep. 52) [sacer-facio], to make or offer a sacrifice, to sacrifice (freq. and class.).

        1. (α) Neutr. absol.: nunc sacruficabo, Plaut. Rud. 4, 7, 37; 1, 2, 44 sq.; id. Aul. 3, 6, 43; id. Mil. 3, 1, 117; id. Poen. 1, 2, 109; Ter.Phorm. 4, 4, 21: principem in sacrificando Janum esse voluerunt, Cic. N. D. 2, 27, 67; Liv. 25, 1 (repeatedly); 44, 14; Quint. 1, 10, 33; Ov. M. 14, 84 al.; cf.: noctu sacruficatum ire, Plaut. Poen. 1, 2, 107.
          With dat.: si sacruficem summo Jovi, etc., Plaut. Ps. 1, 3, 31: alicui deo, id. Am. 3, 3, 28; id. Truc. 2, 4, 69: Herculi sacrificare velle se dixit, Curt. 4, 2, 3.
          With abl.: summo Jovi argento, Plaut. Most. 1, 3, 84: Orco hostiis, id. Ep. 2, 1, 7: Junoni reginae majoribus hostiis, Liv. 22, 1, 17; 28, 38, 8; 32, 1, 13; 36, 21, 9; and so without a dat., id. 37, 47, 5; 40, 2, 4; 42, 20, 3.
          With pro: pro populo, Liv. 4, 54, 7; 26, 33, 8; Varr. R. R. 2, 8, 1.
          Impers. pass.: secundum segetes huic deo sacrificatur, Varr. L. L. 6, 3, 16: pure et caste a matronis sacrificatum, Liv. 27, 37: cui (Angeronae) sacrificatur a. d. XII. Kal. Januar., Plin. 3, 5, 9, § 65; 16, 6, 8, § 24.
        2. (β) Act., Plaut. Stich. 1, 3, 97: ullum turis granum, id. Poen. 2, 3: pecora, Liv. 41, 18: ignavam suem, Ov. F. 4, 414: hoc poculum deis, Varr. L. L. 5, § 122 Müll.: lustra Apollini pro me exercitibusque et classibus, Liv. 45, 41.
          Pass.: eo die Junoni mulieres sacrificantur, Varr.L.L. 6, 18: nec duobus nisi certis diis una sacrificari oportere, Val. Max. 1, 1, 8: editi dii quibus sacrificaretur, Liv. 30, 2, 13; 35, 43, 3; 37, 37, 2: in pelliculis sacrificatorum animalium, Plin. 36, 21, 39, § 151.

sā̆crĭfĭcŭlus, i, m. [sacrifico], one who conducts the sacrifices, a sacrificer, sacrificing priest: sacrificuli ac vates ceperant hominum mentes, Liv. 25, 1; Suet. Dom. 1 (for which, sacricolae, Tac. H. 3, 74).
In apposition: rex, a high-priest, Liv. 2, 2, 1; cf. id. 6, 41, 9; v. rex, I.: vates, id. 35, 48 fin.

sā̆crĭfĭcus, a, um, adj. [sacrifico], of or belonging to a sacrificing, sacrificial (poet.; not ante-Aug.): securis, Ov. M. 12, 249: dies, id. ib. 13, 590: ritus, id. ib. 15, 483: arae, Val. Fl. 8, 243: vestis, Sil. 3, 27: os, of those sacrificing, praying, Ov. F. 1, 130: Ancus, mindful of sacrifices or of religion in gen., id. ib. 6, 803; cf.: Numa, Luc. 9, 478: jugum, where human sacrifices were offered, Val. Fl. 4, 110: preces, Sen. Med. 38: rex, v. rex, I.

sā̆crĭlĕgē, adv., v. sacrilegus fin.

sā̆crĭlĕgĭum, ii, n. [sacrilegus] (not ante-Aug.).

  1. I. The robbing of a temple, stealing of sacred things, sacrilege: sacrilegium est, rem sacram de templo surripere, Quint. 7, 3, 10; cf. id. 7, 3, 22; 5, 10, 39; Liv. 29, 8; 29, 18; 32, 1; 42, 3 al.; Quint. 5, 14, 11; 7, 3, 21; Tac. Agr. 6 fin.; Phaedr. 4, 11, 3 al.
    In plur., Suet. Caes. 54 fin. (with rapinae).
  2. II. Violation or profanation of sacred things, sacrilege (post-Aug.): cum in caelum insanitis, non dico sacrilegium facitis, sed operam perditis, Sen. Vit. Beat. 27, 1: non sine quodam sacrilegi metu, Flor. 2, 17, 12: aliquem sacrilegii damnare, Nep. Alcib. 6, 4: parum se grate gerere sacrilegium est, Sen. Ben. 1, 4, 4; Curt. 4, 3, 23.

sā̆crĭlĕgus, a, um, adj. [sacer-lego],

  1. I. that steals sacred things, that robs a temple, sacrilegious: sacrilegas admovere manus, Liv. 29, 18: altare sacrilegum, Vulg. Jos. 22, 16; cf.: quorum templis et religionibus iste bellum sacrilegum habuit indictum, Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 72, § 188.
    As subst. (so usually): sā̆crĭlĕgus, i, m., one who robs or steals from a temple, one who commits sacrilege: sacrilego poena est, neque ei soli, qui sacrum abstulerit, sed etiam ei, qui sacro commendatum, Cic. Leg. 2, 16, 40: non sacrilegum, sed hostem sacrorum religionumque, id. Verr. 2, 1, 3, § 9: an sacrilegus, qui, ut hostes urbe expelleret, arma templo affixa detraxit? Quint. 5, 10, 36; cf. id. 3, 6, 38; 3, 6, 41; 4, 2, 68 (v. sacrilegium init.): cavendum ne fortiori subjungatur aliquid infirmius, ut sacrilego fur, Quint. 9, 4, 23: punit furta sacrilegus, Sen. Ira, 2, 28, 8; Vulg. Act. 19, 37.
  2. II. Transf., in gen., that violates or profanes sacred things, sacrilegious, impious, profane (freq. since the Aug. per.).
        1. a. Adj.: hominem perditum Miserumque, et illum sacrilegum, Ter. Eun. 3, 1, 29; Ov. M. 4, 23; cf.: o genera sacrilega! Ter. Ad. 3, 2, 6: quorum civis Romanus nemo erat sed Graeci sacrilegi, Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 28, § 69: sacrilegos ignes admovere templis, Tib. 3, 5, 11: manus, id. 2, 4, 26; Hor. C. 2, 13, 2; Ov. F. 3, 700; id. Am. 1, 7, 28: dextra, id. M. 14, 539: meretricum artes, id. A. A. 1, 435: nefas (Catilinae), Mart. 9, 70, 2: hami (on account of the preceding sacris piscibus), id. 4, 30, 12.
          Sup.: exi e fano, sacrilegissime, Plaut. Rud. 3, 4, 1.
        2. b. Subst., an impious, wicked, or profane person: parricida, sacrilege, perjure, etc., Plaut. Ps. 1, 3, 129; Ter. Ad. 2, 4, 1; id. Eun. 5, 3, 2; 5, 3, 13; Sall. C. 14, 3; Ov. M. 8, 792; 8, 817.
          With gen.: nuptiarum, i. e. a violator of marriage vows, an adulterer, Cod. Just. 9, 9, 29 fin.
          In fem.: sā̆crĭlĕga, ae, Ter. Eun. 5, 1, 13; Ov. M. 11, 41.
          Adv.: sā̆crĭlĕgē, sacrilegiously, impiously (late Lat.), Tert. Apol. 12.

‡ sacrĭma, ōrum, n., new wine offered to Bacchus: sacrima appellabant mustum, quod Libero sacrificabant pro vineis et vasis et ipso vino conservandis, sicut praemetium de spicis, quas primum messuissent, sacrificabant Cereri, Fest. pp. 318 and 319 Müll.; cf.: sacrima, ἀπαρχὴ γλεύκους, Gloss. Philox.

Sā̆crĭ-portus, ūs, m. [sacer].

  1. I. A place in Latium, near Prœneste, where Sylla conquered the younger Marius (called in Appian, B. C. 1, 78, [?*(I(EROS LIMH/N ?]), Liv. Epit. 87; Vell. 2, 26, 1; Flor. 3, 21, 23; Aur. Vict. Vir. Ill. 68 and 75; per tmesin: quot apud Sacri cecidere cadavera portum, Luc. 2, 134.
  2. II. A small town on the Gulf of Tarentum, Liv. 26, 39.
    (
  3. III. Dub., and resting only on the authority of Sext. Ruf. Region.: Urbis Romanae, a square in Rome in the fourth region, also called Sā̆crĭpor-ticus.

†† sacrĭum, ii, n. [Scyth.], Scythian amber, Plin. 37, 2, 11, § 40.

sā̆cro, āvi, ātum, 1, v. a. [sacer], to declare or set apart as sacred; to consecrate, dedicate, or devote to a divinity (class.; cf. consecro).

  1. I. Lit.: ne quis agrum consecrato. Auri, argenti, eboris sacrandi modus esto, Cic. Leg. 2, 9, 22: eum praedam Veientanam publicando sacrandoque ad nihilum redegisse, ferociter increpant, Liv. 5, 25: (agrum) Cypriae, Ov. M. 10, 644: Capitolino Jovi donum ex auro, Suet. Tib. 53 fin.: (laurum) Phoebo, Verg. A. 7, 62: aras, id. ib. 5, 48: vigilem ignem, id. ib. 4, 200: votum immortale, id. ib. 8, 715: inter haec auream aquilam pinnis extendenti similem sacraverant, Curt. 3, 3, 16: templum, in quo Helena sacravit calicem ex electro, Plin. 33, 4, 23, § 81.
    In part. perf.: duabus aris ibi Jovi et Soli sacratis cum immolasset, Liv. 40, 22: arae, Suet. Tib. 14: sacratas fide manus, Liv. 23, 9: sacrata Crotonis Ossa tegebat humus, Ov. M. 15, 55: rite pecudes, Verg. A. 12, 213: templum, id. ib. 2, 165 al.
      1. 2. With a bad accessory signif. (cf. sacer, II.), to devote or doom to destruction, to declare accursed, to condemn: de sacrando cum bonis capite ejus, qui regni occupandi consilia inisset, gratae in vulgus leges fuere, Liv. 2, 8; cf.: caput Jovi, id. 10, 38.
    1. B. Transf., in gen., to set apart, consecrate, devote, give, dedicate a thing to any one (poet. and rare): quod patriae vocis studiis nobisque sacrasti, Cic. poët. Div. 1, 13, 22: hunc illi honorem Juppiter sacravit, Verg. A. 12, 141: tibi sacratum opus, Ov. Tr. 2, 552.
      In a bad sense: injecere manum Parcae, telisque sacrarunt Evandri (Halaesum), Verg. A. 10, 419.
  2. II. Meton.
      1. 1. To render sacred or inviolable by consecration; to hallow, consecrale: hoc nemus aeterno cinerum sacravit honore Faenius, Mart. 1, 117, 1: foedus, quod in Capitolio sacratum fuisset, irritum per illos esse, that had been decreed inviolable, Liv. 38, 33; cf.: sanctiones sacrandae sunt genere ipso aut obtestatione legis, aut, etc., Cic. Balb. 14, 33: sacrata lex, a law whose violation was punished by devoting the offender to the infernal gods, id. Sest. 7, 16; id. Dom. 17, 43; Liv. 2, 33; 3, 17; 7, 41; 9, 39; 36, 38; cf.: sacratae leges sunt, quibus sanctum est, qui quid adversus eas fecerit, sacer alicui deorum sit cum familia pecuniaque, Fest. p. 318 Müll.
      2. 2. Of a deity, to hold sacred, to worship or honor as sacred: haud frustra te patrem deum hominumque hac sede sacravimus, Liv. 8, 6: Vesta sacrata, Ov. M. 15, 864.
    1. B. Transf., in gen., to render imperishable, to immortalize (rare): aliquem Lesbio plectro, Hor. C. 1, 26, 11; cf.: miratur nihil, nisi quod Libitina sacravit, id. Ep. 2, 1, 49: vivit vigetque eloquentia ejus (Catonis), sacrata scriptis omnis generis, Liv. 39, 40: avum Sacrārunt carmina tuum, Ov. P. 4, 8, 64.
      Hence, sā̆crātus, a, um, P. a., hallowed, consecrated, holy, sacred: sacrata jura parentum, Ov. M. 10, 321: jura Graiorum, Verg. A. 2, 157: vittae Sacrati capitis, id. ib. 3, 371: dux, i. e. Augustus, Ov. F. 2, 60; cf.: manus (Tiberii), id. ib. 1, 640: dies sacratior, Mart. 4, 1, 1: numen gentibus sacratissimum, Plin. 33, 4, 24, § 82: homines, devoted to the gods, Macr. S. 3, 7; Aug. Civ. Dei, 2, 26.
      At a later per., Sacratissimus, an epithet of the emperors, Most Worshipful, Dig. 38, 17, 9; Mamert. Pan. ad Maxim. 1 et saep.
      Adv.: sā̆-crātē, in eccl. Lat.,
      1. 1. Holily, piously: vivere, Aug. Ep. 22 fin.
      2. 2. Mysteriously, mystically, Aug. Doctr. Chr. 2, 16.

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