Lewis & Short

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rĕor, rătus, 2 (2 pers. pres. rere, Plaut. As. 3, 1, 22; id. Ep. 3, 4, 45; id. Trin. 2, 4, 13; Verg. A. 3, 381; 7, 437; Hor. S. 1, 9, 49: reris, Plaut. Bacch. 5, 2, 9; Verg. A. 6, 97; Hor. S. 2, 3, 134), v. dep. a. [etym. dub.; cf. Sanscr. rta, correct; Zend, areta, complete; Gr. ἀρετή, valor].

  1. I. To reckon, calculate; v. infra, P. a.
    Hence, by a usual transfer (like censere, putare, existimare, etc.),
  2. II. To believe, think, suppose, imagine, judge, deem (class.; esp. freq. in the poets; cf. Cic. de Or. 3, 38, 153; not in Cæs.: horridum reor, Quint. 8, 3, 26; cf.: opinor, arbitror, credo, censeo).
          1. (α) With obj.-clause: hoc servi esse officium reor, Plaut. Aul. 4, 1, 7; so, reor, id. Ep. 3, 4, 49; id. Pers. 2, 1, 2; id. Rud. 4, 2, 21; id. Truc. 2, 7, 16; Lucr. 5, 1419; Verg. A. 4, 45; 5, 24; 7, 273; 370; Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 70; Ov. M. 1, 394; 11, 438; 12, 505; Quint. 2, 16, 9 al.: reris and rere, v. supra: retur, Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 17; id. Ep. 3, 2, 32; id. Mil. 3, 1, 119; id. Truc. 1, 1, 72; Stat. Th. 11, 59: remur, Plaut. As. Grex. 6; Cic. Off. 2, 9, 32: remini, Arn. 4, 146: rentur, Plaut. Am. 3, 3, 20; id. Mil. 2, 6, 7; Lucr. 1, 155; 6, 91; Cic. Top. 20, 78; Liv. 1, 59; 5, 3; 24, 37; 40, 5 fin. Drak.: rebar, Ter. Hec. 4, 2, 5; Cic. de Or. 3, 22, 82; Verg. A. 6, 690; Ov. M. 13, 497; 14, 203: rebare, Cic. Att. 14, 8, 1: rebatur, id. Ac. 1, 7, 26; id. Att. 7, 3, 10; Liv. 9, 3; 27, 25; 30, 9 al.: rebamur, Plaut. Am. 5, 1, 43: rebantur, Cic. N. D. 3, 6, 15; Liv. 1, 26; 3, 41; 4, 1 et saep.: rebor, Sen. Herc. Fur. 303: rebitur, Plaut. Aul. 2, 2, 28: rear, id. Most. 1, 3, 2; Cat. 63, 55; Verg. A. 9, 253: rearis, Lucr. 1, 80; 2, 731; 5, 114; 247; 6, 536 al.: reare, Caecil. ap. Gell. 617, 13: reamur, Lucr. 2, 952; 4, 37; 5, 78; 6, 764: reantur, Plaut. Ps. 1, 2, 34: ratus sum, etc., sim, etc., id. As. 5, 2, 11; id. Capt. 2, 2, 6; id. Ep. 4, 2, 26 al.; Ter. Hec. 5, 3, 21; Verg. A. 2, 25; Ov. M. 4, 674; 5, 203; 7, 841 al.; Sall. C. 48, 5; 55, 1; Liv. 2, 27; 3, 2; Quint. 11, 3, 31; 12, 10, 5 et saep. al.
          2. (β) Absol., Plaut. Cas. 2, 6, 4: quos quidem plures, quam rebar, esse cognovi, Cic. Div. 2, 2, 5: jam illud mali plus nobis vivit quam ratae (sc. sumus), Plaut. Rud. 2, 4, 32: ut reor a facie, Calliopea fuit, Prop. 3, 3 (4, 2), 38: ut rebare, Venus (nec te sententia fallit) Trojanas sustentat opes, Verg. A. 10, 608: ut potius reor, id. ib. 12, 188: atque, ut ipse rebatur viam suāpte naturā difficilem inexpugnabilem fecit, Liv. 31, 39, 9: nam, reor, non ullis, si vita longior daretur, posset esse jucundior, Cic. Tusc. 1, 39, 94.
            Hence, ră-tus, a, um, P. a., pass., reckoned, calculated, fixed by calculation; hence, fixed, settled, established, firm, unalterable, sure, certain, valid, etc. (class.): quod modo erat ratum inritumst, Ter. Phorm. 5, 8 (7), 58: neu quod egissem esset ratum, id. Hec. 4, 1, 30: rata et certa spatia definire, Cic. Tusc. 5, 24, 69: motus (stellarum) constantes et rati, id. N. D. 2, 20, 51: astrorum rati immutabilesque cursus, id. ib. 2, 37, 95; 2, 38, 97: si nihil fieri potest, nisi quod ab omni aeternitate certum fuerit esse futurum rato tempore, id. Div. 2, 7, 19; 2, 30, 63: jussum ratum atque firmum, id. Caecin. 33, 96: decretum stabile, fixum, ratum esse debeat, id. Ac. 2, 9, 27: illud certum, ratum, firmum, fixum vis, id. ib. 2, 46, 141: censorias subscriptiones omnes fixas et in perpetuum ratas putet esse, id. Clu. 47, 132; cf.: ut amicitia societasque nostra in aeternum rata sit, Tac. H. 4, 64: cujus tribunatus si ratus est, nihil est, quod irritum possit esse, Cic. Prov. Cons. 19, 45; cf. so, opp. irritus, id. Phil. 5, 7, 21; cf. ratosne habeant an vanos pectoris orsus, id. poët. Div. 2, 30, 63: testamenta (opp. rupta), id. de Or. 1, 38, 173: populi comitia ne essent rata, nisi, etc., id. Rep. 2, 32, 56: ut Faustae, cui cautum ille voluisset, ratum esset, id. Att. 5, 8, 2: neque ratum est quod dicas, Att. ap. Fest. p. 228; Nep. Att. 10, 1: dixerat idque ratum Stygii per flumina Annuit, Verg. A, 9, 104: si haec Turno rata vita maneret, id. ib. 10, 629: rata sint sua visa precatur, may be fulfilled, accomplished, Ov. M. 9, 702; 9, 474; 14, 815; 3, 341; id. H. 15 (16), 15; id. F. 1, 696; 3, 77; id. P. 2, 5, 3; cf.: (ebrietas) spes jubet esse ratas, Hor. Ep. 1, 5, 17: pax, Sall. J. 112, 3: fides et vox, Ov. M. 3, 341; id. Tr. 3, 10, 36: dicta, id. F. 2, 488.
            Sup.: beneficia ratissima atque gratissima, Cato ap. Fest. pp. 286 and 287 Müll.
            Poet., transf., of a person: occiduntur: ubi potitur ratu’ Romulu’ praedam, the resolved, determined (syn. certus), Enn. ap. Fest. p. 274 Müll. (Ann. v. 78 Vahl.).
            Hence,
    1. B. In particular connections.
      1. 1. Pro ratā parte (portione), secundum ratam partem, and absol., pro ratā, according to a certain part, i. e. in proportion, proportionally: militibus agros ex suis possessionibus pollicetur, quaterna in singulos jugera, et pro ratā parte centurionibus evocatisque, Caes. B. C. 1, 17 fin.; cf.: pro ratā parte, Cic. Rep. 6, 18, 18 Mos. N. cr.: perinde ut cuique data sunt pro ratā parte, id. Tusc. 1, 39, 94: utinam ex omni senatu pro rata parte esset! id. Rep. 2, 40, 67: decumam partem relinqui placet, si plenae fuerint alvi, si minus, pro ratā portione, Plin. 11, 15, 15, § 40: item secundum ratam partem ex altitudine columnarum expediendae sunt altitudines epistyliorum, Vitr. 3, 3 med.: tantum pediti daturum fuisse credunt, et pro ratā aliis, si, etc., Liv. 45, 40; so Capitol. M. Aur. 7, and often in the Digests.
      2. 2. Ratum aliquid facere (efficere) habere, ducere, also ratum alicui esse, to make or account any thing fixed or valid; to confirm, ratify, approve: quid augur (habet), cur a dextrā corvus a sinistrā cornix faciat ratum? make a confirmatory, i. e. a favorable augury, Cic. Div. 1, 39, 85: parens nati rata verba Fecit, i. e. fulfilled, Ov. M. 4, 387: juvenes cum avum regem salutassent, secuta ex omni multitudine consentiens vox ratum nomen imperiumque regi effecit, Liv. 1, 6: efficiant ratas, utraque diva preces, Ov. F. 1, 696: quae nobis imperatores commoda tribuerunt, ea rata atque perpetua auctoritate vestrā faciatis, Liv. 28, 39, 16: eos ratum habere judicium, si totum corruptum sit; si unus accusator corruptus sit, rescindere, Cic. Part. Or. 36, 125; so, ratum habere, id. Rosc. Com. 1, 3; id. Att. 14, 21, 2; id. N. D. 1, 5, 10: Atteius Capito ap. Gell. 13, 12, 2; cf.: (fata) ratosne habeant an vanos pectoris orsus, Cic. poët. Div. 2, 30, 63: cavere de rato, Dig. 3, 4, 6, § 3: qui non duxerint societatem ratam, ubi nec divini quicquam nec humani sanctum esset, Liv. 27, 17 fin.: ista ipsa, quae te emisse scribis, non solum rata mihi erunt, sed etiam grata, Cic. Fam. 7, 23, 1.
        Rarely, ratum servare: quaeris an quod gessit ratum servum. Ego vero servo, Plin. Ep. 7, 11, 1.
        Note: In Liv. 25, 12, for the corrupted curata auctoritas eventu of the MS., read cum rato auctoritas eventu; v. Weissenb. ad h. l.

rēs, rei (rēi with e long; gen., Lucr. 2, 112; 548; 6, 918; dat., id. 1, 688; 2, 236; rei, gen., monosyl. at the end of the verse, Lucr. 3, 918; and in the middle of the verse, id. 4, 885, and Poët. ap. Lact. 6, 6), f. [ etym. dub.; perh. root ra- of reor, ratus; cf. Germ. Ding; Engl. thing, from denken, to think; prop., that which is thought of; cf. also λόγος, Lid. and Scott, 9], a thing, object, being; a matter, affair, event, fact, circumstance, occurrence, deed, condition, case, etc.; and sometimes merely = something (cf.: causa, ratio, negotium).

  1. I. In gen.: unde initum primum capiat res quaeque movendi, Lucr. 1, 383; cf. id. 1, 536: in partes res quaeque minutas Distrahitur, id. 2, 826: summe Sol, qui omnes res inspicis, Enn. ap. Prob. Verg. E. 6, 31 (Trag. v. 321 Vahl.): versus, quos ego de Rerum Naturā pangere conor, Lucr. 1, 25; cf. id. 1, 126; 5, 54: rerum natura creatrix, id. 2, 1117: divinarum humanarumque rerum, tum initiorum causarumque cujusque rei cognitio, Cic. Tusc. 5, 3, 7 (v. divinus): haeret haec res, Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 182: profecto, ut loquor, ita res est, id. ib. 2, 1, 19: haud mentior, resque uti facta dico, id. ib. 2, 1, 23: de Alcumenā ut rem teneatis rectius, id. ib. prol. 110: in tantis rebus (sc. in re publicā defendendā), Cic. Rep. 1, 3, 4 et saep.: quo Averna vocantur nomine, id ab re Impositum est, quia sunt avibus contraria cunctis, from the nature of the thing, Lucr. 6, 740; cf. id. 6, 424; Liv. 1, 17: si res postulabit, the condition of the case, Cic. Lael. 13, 44: scaena rei totius haec, Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 11, 3: fugam in se nemo convertitur Nec recedit loco, quin statim rem gerat, does his duty, stands his ground, Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 84; so, res gerere, v. gero; hence, too, rerum scriptor, for a historian, v. scriptor, and cf. II. H. infra.
    1. B. With adj. of quality, to express condition, etc.: illic homo a me sibi malam rem arcessit, is bringing a bad business on himself, Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 171; so, res mala, a wretched condition, Sall. C. 20, 13; and more freq. in plur.: bonis tuis rebus meas res irrides malas, circumstances, condition, Plaut. Trin. 2, 4, 45; id. Rud. 3, 3, 12: res secundae, good fortune, Hor. Ep. 1, 10, 30; cf. Liv. 3, 9: res prosperae, Nep. Dion, 6, 1; id. Eum. 5, 1: in secundissimis rebus, Cic. Off. 1, 26, 91: adversae res, id. ib. 1, 26, 90; Hor. S. 2, 2, 136; 2, 8, 73: res belli adversae, Liv. 10, 6: res dubiae, Sall. C. 10, 2; 39, 3; Liv. 2, 50; 7, 30; v. bonus, florens, salvus, adversus, dubius, novus, arduus, etc.
      Freq. in curses, etc.: in malam rem, go to the bad, Ter. Phorm. 5, 7, 37; id. And. 2, 1, 17: malam rem hinc ibis? id. Eun. 3, 3, 30.
    2. C. With an adj. in a periphrasis: abhorrens ab re uxoriā, matrimony, Ter. And. 5, 1, 10: in arbitrio rei uxoriae, dowry, Cic. Off. 1, 15, 61: rem divinam nisi compitalibus … ne faciat, a religious act, act of worship, a sacrifice, Cato, R. R. 5, 4: bellicam rem administrari majores nostri nisi auspicato noluerunt, Cic. Div. 2, 36, 76; Hor. C. 4, 3, 6: erat ei pecuaria res ampla et rustica, Cic. Quint. 3, 12: res rustica, agriculture: rei rusticae libro primo, Col. 11, 1, 2; id. 1, praef. § 19: liber, quem de rebus rusticis scripsi, Cic. Sen. 15, 54: navalis rei certamina, naval battles, Amm. 26, 3, 5: res militaris, Cic. Rab. Post. 1, 2: rei militaris gloria, id. Mur. 9, 22; Nep. Milt. 8, 4: res frumentaria, forage, Caes. B. C. 3, 16; id. B. G. 1, 23; 4, 7: armatae rei scientissimus, Amm. 25, 4, 7: peritus aquariae rei, id. 28, 2, 2: res judicaria, Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 12, § 31: res ludicra, play, Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 180: uti rebus veneriis, Cic. Sen. 14, 47; Nep. Alc. 11, 4: res Veneris, Lucr. 2, 173; Ov. R. Am. 431; v. also familiaris, judiciaria, militaris, navalis, etc., and cf. II. G. infra.
    3. D. With pronouns or adjectives, as an emphatic periphrase for the neutr.: ibi me inclamat Alcumena: jam ea res me horrore afficit, this now, Plaut. Am. 5, 1, 16; cf.: De. Estne hoc, ut dico? Li. Rectam instas viam: Ea res est, it is even so, id. As. 1, 1, 40: de fratre confido ita esse ut semper volui. Multa signa sunt ejus rei, of it, Cic. Att. 1, 10, 5: quos (μελιττῶνας) alii μελιττοτροφεῖα appellant, eandem rem quidam mellaria. Varr. R. R. 3, 16, 12: sunt ex te quae scitari volo, Quarum rerum, etc., Plaut. Capt. 2, 2, 13; cf. Caes. B. G. 3, 4: quibus de rebus quoniam nobis contigit ut aliquid essemus consecuti, Cic. Rep. 1, 8, 13: quā super re interfectum esse Hippotem dixisti? Pac. ap. Fest. s. v. superescit, p. 244: resciscet Amphitruo rem omnem, every thing, all, Plaut. Am. 1, 2, 30: nulla res tam delirantes homines concinat cito, nothing, id. Am. 2, 2, 96; cf.: neque est ulla res, in quā, etc., Cic. Rep. 1, 7, 12; 1, 5, 9; cf. also: sumptu ne parcas ullā in re, quod ad valetudinem opus sit, id. Fam. 16, 4, 2: magna res principio statim bello, a great thing, a great advantage, Liv. 31, 23 fin.: nil admirari prope res est una Solaque, quae, etc., the only thing, only means, Hor. Ep. 1, 6, 1 et saep.
      Emphatically with sup.: scilicet rerum facta est pulcherrima Roma, the most beautiful thing in the world, Verg. G. 2, 534; Quint. 1, 12, 16 Spald. p. 81.
      Of persons, etc.: est genus hominum, qui esse primos se omnium rerum volunt, Ter. Eun. 2, 2, 17: maxime rerum, Ov. H. 9, 107; cf.: maxima rerum Roma, Verg. A. 7, 602; Ov. M. 13, 508: fortissima rerum animalia, id. ib. 12, 502: pulcherrime rerum, id. H. 4, 125; id. A. A. 1, 213; id. M. 8, 49: dulcissime rerum, Hor. S. 1, 9, 4.
    4. E. In adverb. phrases: e re natā melius fieri haud potuit, after what has happened, Ter. Ad. 3, 1, 8: pro re natā, according to circumstances, Cic. Att. 7, 8, 2; 14, 6, 1: pro tempore et pro re, Caes. B. G. 5, 8: factis benignus pro re, according to circumstances, Liv. 7, 33, 3; Sall. J. 50, 2: pro re pauca loquar, Verg. A. 4, 337; Lucr. 6, 1280: ex re et ex tempore, Cic. Fam. 12, 19, 3: e re respondi, Cat. 10, 8.
  2. II. In partic.
    1. A. Pregn., an actual thing, the thing itself, reality, truth, fact; opposed to appearance, mere talk, the mere name of a thing: ecastor, re experior, quanti facias uxorem tuam, Plaut. Am. 1, 3, 10: desiste dictis nunc jam miseram me consolari: Nisi quid re praesidium apparas, etc., id. Rud. 3, 3, 21: rem ipsam loqui. Ter. And. 1, 2, 31: rem fabulari, Plaut. Trin 2, 4, 87: nihil est aliud in re, in fact, Liv. 10, 8, 11 Weissenb. ad loc.: se ipsa res aperit, Nep. Paus. 3, 7: ex re decerpere fructus, Hor. S. 1, 2, 79; opp. verbum, vox, opinio, spes, nomen, etc.: rem opinor spectari oportere, non verba, Cic. Tusc. 5, 11, 32; cf.: te rogo, ut rem potiorem oratione ducas, Matius ap. Cic. Fam. 11, 28, 5: non modo res omnes, sed etiam rumores cognoscamus, Cic. Att. 5, 5, 1: qui hos deos non re, sed opinione esse dicunt, id. N. D. 3, 21, 53: Peripateticos et Academicos nominibus differentes, re congruentes, id. Ac. 2, 5, 15: quod nos honestum, illi vanum … verbis quam re probabilius vocant, Quint. 3, 8, 22; Sen. Ep. 120, 9: eum, tametsi verbo non audeat, tamen re ipsā de maleficio suo confiteri, id. Rosc. Am. 42, 123; cf. Ter. Ad. 4, 7, 15: vides quantum distet argumentatio tua ab re ipsā atque a veritate, Cic. Rosc. Am. 15, 44.
      Hence, abl. sing., often strengthened by verā (sometimes as one word, reverā), in fact, really, in truth, indeed, in reality: haec ille, si verbis non audet, re quidem verā palam loquitur, Cic. Quint. 17, 56; so, re quidem verā, id. Clu. 19, 54; id. Sest. 7, 15: re autem verā, id. Fam. 1, 4, 2; and simply re verā, id. Quint. 2, 7; id. Div. 2, 54, 110; id. Balb. 3, 7: re verāque, Lucr. 2, 48; cf.: et re verā, indeed, in fact, Cic. Fam. 3, 5, 1; Liv. 33, 11, 3; 35, 31, 12; 36, 6, 1; Nep. Ages. 2, 3; id. Phoc. 3, 3; Curt. 3, 13, 5; 4, 16, 19; Val. Max. 9, 13, ext. 1; Just. 5, 1, 8; 12, 13, 10; Plin. Ep. 6, 33, 1.
    2. B. Effects, substance, property, possessions: mihi Chrysalus Perdidit filium, me atque rem omnem Meam, Plaut. Bacch. 5, 1, 26; cf.: Ph. Habuitne rem? Ly. Habuit. Ph. Qui eam perdidit … Mercaturamne an venales habuit, ubi rem perdidit? id. Trin. 2, 2, 49 sq.: quibus et re salvā et perditā profueram, Ter. Eun. 2, 2, 27: rem talentum decem, id. Phorm. 2, 3, 46; Juv. 3, 16: avidior ad rem, Ter. Eun. 1, 2, 51: rem facere, to make money, Cic. Att. 2, 2, 12: res eos jampridem, fides deficere nuper coepit, id. Cat. 2, 5, 10: qui duo patrimonia accepisset remque praeterea bonis et honestis rationibus auxisset, id. Rab. Post. 14, 38: libertino natum patre et in tenui re, in narrow circumstances, Hor. Ep. 1, 20, 20 et saep.; v. also familiaris.
      In plur.: quantis opibus, quibus de rebus, Enn. ap. Cic. Tusc. 3, 19, 44 (Trag. v. 396 Vahl.): privatae res, Cic. Att. 9, 7, 5.
      1. 2. Hence, law t. t., whatever may be the subject of a right, whether corporeal or incorporeal (v. Sandars, Introd. to Just. Inst. p. 42 sqq.): res corporales, Just. Inst. 2, 2, 1 sq.; Gai. Inst. 2, 12; Dig. 1, 8, 1: res in patrimonio, res extra patrimonium, Just. Inst. 2, 1 pr.; Gai. Inst. 2, 1: res sanctae, Just. Inst. 2, 1, 10; v. also mancipium, privatus, etc.
    3. C. Benefit, profit, advantage, interest, weal: res magis quaeritur, quam, etc., Plaut. Men. 4, 2, 6: melius illi consulas quam rei tuae, id. Cist. 1, 1, 98: haec tuā re feceris, to your advantage, id. Capt. 2, 2, 46.
      Most freq. with the prepositions in, ex, ob, ab, etc.: quasi istic minor mea res agatur quam tua, is interested, affected, Ter. Heaut. 2, 3, 113 (v. ago): si in rem tuam esse videatur, Plaut. Trin. 3, 2, 2: vide si hoc in rem deputas, id. ib. 3, 3, 19: quod in rem recte conducat tuam, id. Capt. 2, 3, 26: si in remst utrique, Ter. And. 3, 3, 14: quid mihi melius est, quid magis in rem est, quam? etc., useful, Plaut. Rud. 1, 4, 1: tamen in rem fore credens universos adpellare, Sall. C. 20, 1: omnia quae in rem videbantur esse, Curt. 6, 2, 21: ad conparanda ea quae in rem erant, Liv. 30, 4, 6: imperat quae in rem sunt, id. 26, 44, 7; 22, 3, 2: ex tuā re non est, ut ego emoriar, for your advantage, Plaut. Ps. 1, 3, 102: An. Non pudet Vanitatis? Do. Minime, dum ob rem, to the purpose, with advantage, Ter. Phorm. 3, 2, 41: ob rem facere, usefully, with advantage or profit, Sall. J. 31, 5: subdole blanditur, ab re Consulit blandiloquentulus, contrary to his interest, i. e. to his injury, Plaut. Trin. 2, 1, 12 Brix ad loc.: haud id est ab re aucupis, id. As. 1, 3, 71: haec haud ab re duxi referre, Liv. 8, 11, 1: non ab re esse Quinctio visum est interesse, etc., id. 35, 32, 6; Plin. 27, 8, 35, § 57; Suet. Aug. 94; Gell. 18, 4, 6; 1, 26, 4; Macr. S. 1, 4, 19.
    4. D. Cause, reason, ground, account; only in the connection eā (hac) re, and eam ob rem, adverb., therefore, on that account: eā re tot res sunt, ubi bene deicias, Cato, R. R. 158, 2: hac re nequeunt ex omnibus omnia gigni, Quod, etc., Lucr. 1, 172; cf.: illud eā re a se esse concessum, quod, etc., Cic. Ac. 2, 34, 111: patrem exoravi, tibi ne noceat, neu quid ob eam rem succenseat, Plaut. Bacch. 4, 4, 39; cf.: quoi rei? for what purpose? id. As. 3, 2, 43; id. Poen. 2, 3, 3.
      Hence (by uniting into one word) the causal adverbs quare and quamobrem, v. h. vv.
    5. E. An affair, matter of business, business: cum et de societate inter se multa communicarent et de totā illā ratione atque re Gallicanā, Cic. Quint. 4, 15: rem cum aliquo transigere, id. Clu. 13, 39.
      Hence, transf., in gen.: res alicui est cum aliquo, to have to do with any one, Cic. Rosc. Am. 30, 84; id. Sest. 16, 37; id. Fam. 9, 20, 2; Caes. B. G. 7, 77; cf.: famigeratori res sit cum damno et malo, Plaut. Trin. 1, 2, 182 Brix ad loc.
      Also without a dat.: quoniam cum senatore res est, Cic. Fam. 13, 26, 3; esp., in mal. part.: rem habere cum aliquo or aliquā, to have to do with any one, Plaut. Bacch. 3, 6, 35; id. Merc. 3, 1, 37; Ter. Eun. 1, 2, 39; 58.
      Ellipt.: jam biennium est, quom mecum rem coepit, Plaut. Merc. 3, 1, 15.
  3. F. A case in law, a lawsuit, cause, suit (more gen. than causa): ubi res prolatae sunt, Plaut. Capt. 1, 1, 10: res agi, id. Men. 4, 2, 19; id. Aul. 3, 4, 13: quibus res erat in controversiā, ea vocabatur lis, Varr. L. L. 7, § 93; cf. (prob. in allusion to this legal form): tot homines … statuere non potuisse, utrum diem tertium an perendinum … rem an litem dici oporteret, Cic. Mur. 12, 27; cf. also: quarum rerum litium causarum condixit pater patratus, etc., an ancient formula, Liv. 1, 32: de rebus ab aliquo cognitis judicatisque dicere, Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 48, § 118: pecunias capere ob rem judicandam, id. Fin. 2, 16, 54: si res certabitur olim, Hor. S. 2, 5, 27; 1, 10, 15; 1, 9, 41; id. Ep. 1, 16, 43: tractu temporis futurum, ut res pereat, Dig. 3, 3, 12: rem differre, ib. 43, 30, 3: res judicata dicitur, quae finem controversiarum pronuntiatione judicis accipit, ib. 42, 1, 1 et saep.
  4. G. An affair, esp. a battle, campaign, military operations; in phrase rem (or res) gerere: res gesta virtute, Cic. Fin. 5, 23, 66: ut res gesta est ordine narrare, Ter. Ad. 3, 5, 3: his rebus gestis, Caes. B. G. 5, 8: res gerere, Hor. Ep. 1, 17, 33: rem bene gerere, id. ib. 1, 8, 1; Ter. Ad. 5, 1, 13: comminus rem gerunt, Caes. B. G. 5, 44: res gestae, Hor. Ep. 1, 3, 7; 2, 1, 251: adversus duos simul rem gerere, Liv. 21, 60: rem male gerere, Nep. Them. 3, 3; Hor. S. 2, 3, 74: in relatione rerum ab Scythis gestarum, Just. 2, 1, 1; cf.: rem agere, Hor. S. 1, 9, 4; id. A. P. 82: ante rem, before the battle, Liv. 4, 40: cum Thebanis sibi rem esse existimant, Nep. Pel. 1, 3; Cic. Sest. 16, 37.
  5. H. Acts, events, as the subject of narration, a story, history: res in unam sententiam scripta, Auct. Her. 1, 12, 20: cui lecta potenter erit res, Hor. A. P. 40; id. S. 1, 10, 57; id. Ep. 1, 19, 29: in medias res auditorem rapere, id. A. P. 148; 310: agitur res in scaenis, id. ib. 179; cf.: numeros animosque secutus, non res, id. Ep. 1, 19, 25; Phaedr. 5, 1, 12: sicut in rebus ejus (Neronis) exposuimus, Plin. 2, 83, 85, § 199: litterae, quibus non modo res omnis, sed etiam rumores cognoscamus, Cic. Att. 5, 5, 1: res populi Romani perscribere, Liv. praef. § 1: res Persicae, history, Nep. Con. 5, 4; id. Cat. 3, 2.
  6. K. Res publica, also as one word, respublica, the common weal, a commonwealth, state, republic (cf. civitas); also, civil affairs, administration, or power, etc.: qui pro republicā, non pro suā obsonat, Cato ap. Ruf. 18, p. 210; cf.: erat tuae virtutis, in minimis tuas res ponere, de re publicā vehementius laborare, Cic. Fam. 4, 9, 3: dummodo ista privata sit calamitas et a rei publicae periculis sejungatur, id. Cat. 1, 9; cf.: si re publicā non possis frui, stultum est nolle privatā, id. Fam. 4, 9, 4: egestates tot egentissimorum hominum nec privatas posse res nec rem publicam sustinere, id. Att. 9, 7, 5 (v. publicus); Cato ap. Gell. 10, 14, 3: auguratum est, rem Romanam publicam summam fore, Att. ap. Cic. Div. 1, 22, 45: quo utiliores rebus suis publicis essent, Cic. Off. 1, 44, 155: commutata ratio est rei totius publicae, id. Att. 1, 8, 4: pro republicā niti, Cato ap. Charis. p. 196 fin.: merere de republicā, Plaut. Am. prol. 40: de re publicā disputatio . . . dubitationem ad rem publicam adeundi tollere, etc., Cic. Rep. 1, 7, 12: oppugnare rem publicam, id. Cael. 1, 1; id. Har. Resp. 8, 15; id. Sest. 23, 52: paene victā re publicā, id. Fam. 12, 13, 1: delere rem publicam, id. Sest. 15, 33; Lact. 6, 18, 28.
    Esp. in the phrase e re publicā, for the good of the State, for the public benefit: senatūs consultis bene et e re publicā factis, Cic. Phil. 3, 12, 30: ea si dicam non esse e re publicā dividi, id. Fam. 13, 8, 2; id. Mil. 5, 14; Liv. 8, 4, 12; 25, 7, 4; 34, 34, 9; Suet. Rhet. 1 init.
    Post-class. and rare, also ex republicā, Gell. 6, 3, 47; 11, 9, 1; but exque is used for euphony (class.): id eum recte atque ordine exque re publicā fecisse, Cic. Phil. 3, 15, 38; 5, 13, 36; 10, 11, 26.
    In plur.: eae nationes respublicas suas amiserunt, C. Gracch. ap. Fest. s. h. v. p. 286 Müll.: hoc loquor de tribus his generibus rerum publicarum, Cic. Rep. 1, 28, 44: circuitus in rebus publicis commutationum, id. ib. 1, 29, 45 et saep.
      1. 2. Sometimes simply res, the State (in the poets, and since the Aug. per. in prose): unus homo nobis cunctando restituit rem, Enn. ap. Cic. Off. 1, 24, 84 (Ann. v. 313 Vahl.): hic (Marcellus) rem Romanam sistet, Verg. A. 6, 858; cf.: nec rem Romanam tam desidem umquam fuisse, Liv. 21, 16; 1, 28: parva ista non contemnendo majores nostri maximam hanc rem fecerunt, id. 6, 41 fin.: Romana, Hor. C. S. 66; id. Ep. 1, 12, 25; Ov. M. 14, 809; Sall. C. 6, 3; cf.: ut paulo ante animum inter Fidenatem Romanamque rem ancipitem gessisti, Liv. 1, 28 fin.: Albana, id. 1, 6.
        In plur.: res Asiae evertere, Verg. A. 3, 1: custode rerum Caesare, Hor. C. 4, 15, 17; cf.: res sine discordiā translatae, Tac. H. 1, 29; so (also in Cic.), rerum potiri, v. potior.
  7. L. Res novae, political changes, a revolution, etc.; v. novus.

rūs, rūris (used in the plur. only in nom. and acc.), n. [etym. dub.; cf. Zend. ravanh, broad, free; ravan, a plain; Germ. Raum, space], the country (opp. to the city), lands, fields; a country-seat, farm, estate, etc. (cf.: fundus, praedia): pascua reddere rura, Lucr. 5, 1248; cf.: laudato ingentia rura, Exiguum colito, Verg. G. 2, 412: aspera dumis Rura, id. A. 4, 527: paterna rura bobus exercet suis, Hor. Epod. 2, 3: obsita pomis Rura, Ov. M. 13, 720: coli rura ab ergastulis pessimum est, Plin. 18, 6, 7, § 36: habet animi causā rus amoenum et suburbanum, a country-seat, Cic. Rosc. Am. 46, 133; cf.: rus urbanum, Just. 31, 2, 3: urbe relictā rura peragrantes saepe soli sumus, Cic. Off. 3, 1, 1: rure frui, Ov. P. 1, 8, 40.
Acc.: rus, in answer to the question whither? quom rus homines eunt, to their country-seats, Plaut. Capt. 1, 1, 10: rus ibo, Ter. Eun. 1, 2, 107; 2, 1, 10: rure redire, from the farm, Plaut. Merc. 3, 3, 25; 4, 3, 6; 5, 18; 21; Ter. Eun. 3, 5, 63; 5, 4, 45 et saep.; so, rure venire, Plaut. Truc. 3, 2, 26: rure huc advenit, Ter. Hec. 1, 2, 115: adveniens mater rure, Plaut. Merc. 4, 5, 25; for which, less freq.: ruri redire, venire, etc., id. Truc. 3, 2, 1; 25; id. Most. 5, 1, 28: plus plaustrorum in aedibus Videas, quam ruri, in the country, id. Aul. 3, 5, 32: si illi sunt virgae ruri, at mihi tergum domi’st, id. Bacch. 2, 3, 131; so, ruri (cf. Zumpt, Gram. § 400), id. Capt. 1, 1, 16; id. Cas. 1, 1, 38; 41; 2, 6, 68; 4, 2, 2; id. Cist. 2, 1, 14; id. Most. 1, 1, 4; 7; 18 et saep.; Ter. Ad. 1, 1, 20; 1, 2, 15; 3, 3, 47 al.; Cic. Off. 3, 31, 112; Brut. ap. Cic. Clu. 51, 141; less freq.: rure esse, etc., Plaut. Trin. 1, 2, 29; id. Cas. 1, 1, 17; 22; Titin. ap. Charis. p. 115 P.: mori rure, Liv. 38, 53; Hor. Ep. 1, 7, 1; 14, 10; Ov. A. A. 2, 229.
With an adj.: rure paterno, Hor. Ep. 1, 18, 60: rure suo, Ov. F. 6, 671; cf.: ex meo propinquo rure hoc capio commodi, Ter. Eun. 5, 5, 1.