Lewis & Short

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sōl, sōlis, m. [Sanscr. svar, shine; cf. Gr. Σείριος, σείρ, σέλας, Ἑλένη; and Lat. serenus].

  1. I. Sing., the sun, as a heavenly body.
    1. A. In gen.: tempora duorum generum sunt, unum annale, quod sol circuitu suo finit, Varr. R. R. 1, 27: solis cursus lunaeque meatus, Lucr. 5, 77: annum ad cursum solis accommodavit, Suet. Caes. 40: liquidi fons luminis aetherius sol, Lucr. 5, 282: quid potest esse sole majus? Cic. Ac. 2, 26, 82: illud dubium esse nulli potest quin arcus imago solis sit, Sen. Q. N. 1, 3, 11.
    2. B. Esp.
      1. 1. Sol oriens or solis ortus, the east, as a quarter of the heavens: spectant in septemtrionem et orientem solem, Caes. B. G. 1, 1; 5, 13; 7, 69; cf.: a sole exoriente supra Maeotis paludes, Cic. poët. Tusc. 5, 17, 49: si illud signum solis ortum conspiceret, id. Cat. 3, 8, 20: facem stellae ab ortu solis ad occidentem porrigi visam, Liv. 29, 14, 3: ab ortu solis flare venti, id. 25, 27, 6.
      2. 2. Sol occidens or solis occasus, the west: alterum (litus) vergit ad solem occidentem, Caes. B. G. 5, 13: laborant ut spectent sua triclinaria ad solem occidentem, Varr. R. R. 1, 13 fin.: spectat inter occasum solis et septemtriones, north-west, Caes. B. G. 1, 1: quae (pars insulae) est propius solis occasum, id. ib. 4, 28.
        Cf. poet.: sub sole cadente, Manil. 4, 791.
        In phrases, sol is often omitted by ellipsis: unde sol oritur oriens nuncupatur aut ortus; quo demergitur occidens vel occasus, Mel. 1, 1 init.; v. orior, ortus, occĭdo.
      3. 3. Sol oriens or sol (solis) ortus = sunrise; sol occidens or solis (sol) occasus = sunset: qui solem nec occidentem umquam viderint, nec orientem, Cic. Fin. 2, 8, 23: sole orto Gracchus copias educit, Liv. 24, 15, 1: prius orto Sole, Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 113: certi solis lunaeque et ortus et occasus sunt, Liv. 44, 37, 7: numquam ab orto sole ad occidentem … a curiā abscessit, id. 27, 50, 4: ut, equis insidentes, solis ortu cursum in quemdam locum dirigerent, Val. Max. 7, 3, 2 ext.: solis occasu, Caes. B. G. 1, 50; Liv. 24, 17, 7: ad (sub) solis occasum, towards sunset, Caes. B. G. 5, 8; 2, 11: in occasum declivi sole, Plin. 8, 50, 76, § 203.
        Poet.: surgente a sole, Hor. S. 1, 4, 29.
        For sol occasus, v. occidere, and Plaut. Men. 2, 3, 87 (ante solem occasum); id. ib. 5, 7, 35 (ad solem occasum); cf.: ab exortu ad occasum perstare contuentis solem, Plin. 7, 2, 2, § 22.
      4. 4. To designate a clime, country, etc., as eastern or southern (post-Aug.): ille Liberi currus triumphantem usque ad Thebas a solis ortu vehat, Sen. Vit. Beat. 25, 4: terminos civitatis nostrae cum sole metimur, id. Ot. Sap. 4 (31), 1. it tamen ultra oceanum solemque, id. Ep. 94, 63: sub alio sole, in another clime, Manil. 4, 171; cf.: ut sua orientis occidentisque terminis finiat (sc. solis), Sen. Ep. 92, 32.
      5. 5. Trop., of a great good or a great man: sol excidisse mihi e mundo videtur, Cic. Att. 9, 10, 3: solem e mundo tollere videntur qui, etc., id. Lael. 13, 47: P. Africanus, sol alter (with sole geminato), id. N. D. 2, 5, 14; cf. Hor. S. 1, 7, 24: neque mundum posse duobus solibus regi, neque orbem, etc., Just. 11, 12.
      6. 6. Prov.: et sceleratis sol oritur, Sen. Ben. 4, 26, 1; cf.: qui solem suum oriri facit super bonos et malos, Vulg. Matt. 5, 45: nondum omnium dierum sol occidit (Germ. Es ist noch nicht aller Tage Abend) = there are more days yet to come, sc. when the tables may be turned, Liv. 39, 26, 9.
    3. C. The poets reckon time in many ways by the movement, etc., of the sun: bis me sol adiit gelidae post frigora brumae, two years, Ov. Tr. 4, 7, 1: donec sol annuus omnes conficeret metas, within a year, Stat. Achill. 1, 455; cf. Nemes. Cyn. 122: octavo lumine solis, on the eighth day, Lucr. 6, 1195: sol septimus, Juv. 15, 44: cum sol Herculei terga leonis adit, in midsummer, Ov. A. A. 1, 68: O sol Pulcher, O laudande (= dies; sc. Augusti reditus), Hor. C. 4, 2, 46; cf. id. S. 1, 9, 72: supremo sole, at noon, id. Ep. 1, 5, 3: sub medium solem, Manil. 4, 651; cf. id. 4, 593: sol abit, it is growing late, Plaut. Merc. 5, 2, 32; cf.: a primo ad ultimum solem, all day long, Amm. 14, 6, 10.
    4. D. Transf., the sun, sunlight, sunshine, heat of the sun: ager soli ostentus, exposed to the sun, Cato, R. R. 6: sarmenta imponito quae frigus defendant et solem, id. ib. 48 (49): uvas ponite in sole biduum, id. ib. 112 (113): sol semper hic est a mani ad vesperum, Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 80: quin exta inspicere in sole etiam vivo licet, id. Aul. 3, 6, 29: nec res posse in sole videri, ni, etc., Lucr. 5, 292: nunc quidem paululum a sole, out of the sun, Cic. Tusc. 5, 32, 92: cum in sole ambulem, id. de Or. 2, 14, 60: apricatio in illo Lucretino tuo sole, id. Att. 7, 11, 1; cf. id. ib. 12, 6, 1: iter in calescente sole factum erat, Liv. 44, 36 init.: torrente meridiano sole, id. 44, 38: ex vehementi sole, id. 28, 15, 11: urente assiduo sole, id. 44, 33 fin.: ut veniens dextrum latus aspiciat sol, light of the morning sun, Hor. Ep. 1, 16, 6: reformidant insuetum lumina solem, Ov. P. 3, 4, 49; cf.: nam et solem lumina aegra formidant, Sen. Vit. Beat. 20, 6: adversi solis ab ictu, sunstroke, Ov. M. 3, 183: altera (spelunca) solem non recipit, Sen. Ep. 55, 6: sole correptis, Plin. 29, 6, 38, § 119: pisces, quos sole torreant, id. 7, 2, 2, § 30: siccatur in sole, id. 19, 1, 3, § 16: in agmine (Caesar) anteibat capite detecto, seu sol seu imber esset, Suet. Caes. 57: patiens pulveris atque solis, Hor. C. 1, 8, 4.
      And trop.: in solem ac pulverem procedere, or producere, into heat and dust, i. e. into practical life (opp. umbra eruditorum), Cic. Brut. 9, 37; id. Leg. 3, 6, 14.
      In a similar sense: cedat stilus gladio, umbra soli, Cic. Mur. 14, 30.
      Prov.: clarior quam solis radii, Plaut. Mil. 1, 1, 2: sole ipso est clarius, Arn. 1, n. 47; cf. the class. luce clarius, and: cum id solis luce videatur clarius, Cic. Div. 1, 3, 6.
  2. II. Plur.
    1. A. Suns, images of the sun (class.): neque pauci neque leves sunt qui se duo soles vidisse dicant, Cic. Rep. 1, 10, 15: Albae duos soles visos ferebant, Liv. 28, 11, 3: et rursus plures soles simul cernuntur, Plin. 2, 31, 31, § 99: quid eas vocem? imagines solis? Historici soles vocant, et binos ternosque adparuisse memoriae tradunt, Sen. Q. N. 1, 11, 2.
    2. B. Poet. = days (v. I. C.): nec tamen illis solibus ulla comparebat avis, Lucr. 6, 1219: saepe ego longos Cantando puerum memini me condere soles, to spend the long summer days in singing, Verg. E. 9, 52: tres soles … Erramus, id. A. 3, 203; cf. Sil. 3, 554: Bajani soles, the sunny days of Bajœ, Mart. 6, 43, 5: O soles! id. 10, 51, 6: soles fulsere quondam tibi candidi, Cat. 8, 3, 8: soles occidere et redire possunt, id. 5, 4: longis solibus, Stat. Th. 5, 460: solibus arctis, short winter days, id. S. 1, 3, 88.
      So, to describe certain seasons: solibus hibernis … gratior, than the sun in winter, Ov. M. 13, 793: si numeres anno soles et nubila toto, the sunny and cloudy days, id. Tr. 5, 8, 31.
    3. C. Light or heat of the sun (poet. and in postAug. prose; cf. D. supra): pars terrai perusta solibus assiduis, Lucr. 5, 253; cf. Ov. H. 5, 112: pluviis et solibus icta, Lucr. 6, 1101: quae carent ventis et solibus, i. e. are buried, Hor. Epod. 16, 13; 2, 41: et soles melius nitent, id. C. 4, 5, 8; cf. id. Ep. 1, 10, 17: ex imbri soles Prospicere … poteris, Verg. G. 1, 393: inque novos soles audent se gramina tuto Credere, id. ib. 2, 332; similarly, Ov. F. 4, 404; Stat. Th. 1, 363; 4, 421; 4, 831: tum blandi soles, Ov. F. 1, 157: frigore soles juvant, id. R. Am. 405; so Mart. 10, 42: Romulus et frater … Solibus et campo corpora nuda dabant, Ov. F. 2, 366: aequora semper solibus orba tument, id. P. 1, 3, 54: solibus rupta glacies, Juv. 4, 43: geminā pereunt caligine soles, Stat. Th. 5, 154: aestivos quo decipis aere soles? id. S. 4, 4, 19: tacent exhausti solibus amnes, id. Th. 3, 2, 59; 4, 56; Mart. 10, 12, 7; 8, 14, 4; 14, 28; Ov. M. 1, 435: cura soles assiduo quaerendi, Plin. 26, 3, 8, § 16: perpeti soles, id. 36, 22, 45, § 162: evitatis solibus, id. 28, 12, 50, § 186: (sal) siccatur aestivis solibus, id. 31, 7, 39, § 73: merguntur in aquam solibus tepefactam, id. 19, 1, 3, § 17: nec campi minus soles accipiunt, id. 17, 4, 3, § 29: sarculatio novos soles admittit, id. 18, 21, 50, § 184; cf. id. 12, 5, 11, § 23; 12, 7, 14, § 26: aurea pellebant tepidos umbracula soles, Ov. F. 2, 311: dum patula defendimus arbore soles, Stat. S. 3, 1, 70.
      Very rarely of the sun’s revolution, without reference to light or heat: quae via soles praecipitet, Stat. Th. 6, 362.
      In class. prose sometimes solis ardores, with the force of the poet. soles: et nimios solis defendit ardores, Cic. Sen. 15, 53; cf.: propter nimios solis ardores, Sen. Ep. 90, 17.
  3. III. Sol, the Sun-god.
    1. A. Lit.
        1. a. The ancient Italian deity Sol, represented as driving the four-horse sun-chariot from east to west; later identified with the Greek Helios, and hence often called Titan or Phœbus by the poets: signi dic quid est? Cum quadrigis Sol exoriens, Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 269: Sol … aeternam suscepit lampada mundi, Lucr. 5, 402: rapax vis Solis equorum, id. 5, 402: quod magni filia Solis eram, Ov. R. Am. 276; id. M. 14, 346: Solis currus, id. P. 4, 6, 48: secundum (invocabis) Solem et Lunam, Varr. R. R. 1, 1 med.: grates tibi ago, summe Sol, Cic. Rep. 6, 9, 9: Sol Phaëthonti filio facturum se esse dixit quidquid optasset, id. Off. 3, 25, 94: Quid? illum filium Solis nonne patris ipsius luce indignum putas? id. Tusc. 3, 12, 26: qui Solem aurigando aequiperare existimaretur, Suet. Ner. 53: Solis colossus Rhodi, Plin. 34, 7, 18, § 41; 34, 8, 19, § 63.
          Comic.: credo edepol equidem dormire Solem atque adpotum probe, Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 129.
        2. b. The Phœnician sun-god Heliogabalus (Elagabal), whose worship was introduced by the later emperors (Aurelianus, Heliogabalus): ad templum Heliogabali tetendit … et Romae Soli templum posuit, Vop. Aur. 25; cf. id. ib. 4; 14; 35; 39; Lampr. Heliog. 1; 3; afterwards called Sol Invictus, whose birthday, acc. to the Calendar. Const., was celebrated December 25th; cf. Julian. Or. 4, p. 156.
        3. c. Of the sun-worship of other nations: (Germani) deorum numero ducunt Solem et Vulcanum et Lunam, Caes. B. G. 6, 21; cf.: rex regum, frater Solis et Lunae, of the king of Persia, Amm. 17, 5, 3.
    2. B. The sun-god as emblem of omniscience: non potuit reperire, si ipsi Soli quaerundas dares, lepidiores ad hanc rem quam ego dabo, Plaut. Mil. 3, 1, 206: meliorem neque tu reperis, neque Sol videt, id. Stich. 1, 2, 53: at vigiles mundi … Sol et Luna, Lucr. 5, 1435: si hoc uno quicquam Sol vidisset iniquius, Cic. Off. 2, 8, 28: O Solem ipsum beatissimum, qui antequam se abderet fugientem vidit Antonium, id. Phil. 14, 10, 27: Solem consule, qui late facta diurna videt, Ov. F. 4, 582: quis Solem fallere possit? id. A. A. 2, 573; cf. Plaut. Bacch. 2, 3, 21; Sen. Herc. Fur. 595.
      Hence represented as betrayer of conspiracies: propiusque honos Boli, qui occulta conjurationis retexisset, Tac. A. 15, 74; to him was commended the detection of murderers, in inscriptions over the slain: SOL, TIBI COMMENDO QVI MANVS INTVLIT EI, Inscr. Orell. 4791: SOL, TV INDICES EIVS MORTEM, ib. 4792.
    3. C. Poet., to describe the times of the day: solverat flagrantes Sol pronus equos, = it was night, Stat. Th. 3, 408: Sol operum medius summo librabat Olympo Lucentes, ceu staret, equos, = it was mid-day, id. ib. 5, 85.
  4. IV. In gen., solis as an appellation.
    1. A. DIES SOLIS, Sunday (late Lat.), Inscr. Orell. 508.
    2. B. Solis gemma, a precious stone, Plin. 37, 10, 67, § 181.
    3. C. Solis insula, off the coast of Gedrosia, Plin. 6, 22, 24, § 86; 6, 23, 26, § 97.
    4. D. Solis fons, in Marmorica, Curt. 4, 7, 22; Mela, 1, 8, 1; Plin. 5, 5, 5, § 31.
    5. E. Solis promunturium, in Africa, Plin. 5, 1, 1, § 9.
  5. F. Solis oppidum, a town in Ægina, Plin. 5, 9, 11, § 61.

Sŏli (collat. form Soloe, Mel. 1, 13, 2; Plin. 5, 27, 22, § 92), ōrum, m., = Σόλοι.

  1. I. A town of Cilicia, afterwards called Pompeiopolis, now Mezetli, Cic. Leg. 2, 16, 41; Liv. 33, 20, 4; 37, 56, 8.
    Hence, Sŏleus, ei, m., = Σολεύς, of Soli: Milon, Plin. 35, 11, 40, § 146.
  2. II. A town of Cyprus, now Solia, Plin. 5, 31, 35, § 130 (Jan. Soloe).

sŏlĭum, ii, n. [from the root sol, kindr. with sed, sedeo], a seat.

  1. I. Most usu. of gods, kings, or other distinguished personages.
    1. A. Lit., a seat, chair of state, throne (cf.: thronus, tribunal): regali in solio sedens, Cic. Fin. 2, 21, 69: domus regia et in domo regale solium, Liv. 1, 47, 4; cf.: solio rex infit ab alto, Verg. A. 11, 301: solio tum Juppiter aureo Surgit, id. ib. 10, 116; so, Jovis, Hor. Ep. 1, 17, 34; Suet. Calig. 57: divinum, Cic. Rep. 3, 8, 12: deorum solia, id. Har. Resp. 27, 57: regale (Jovis), Ov. F. 6, 353: sedens in solio consulantibus respondere (of solicitors), Cic. Leg. 1, 3, 10; id. de Or. 2, 33, 143: sedet Sollemni solio, Ov. M. 14, 262: acernum, Verg. A. 8, 178: eburnum, i. e. sella curulis, Claud. Laud. Stil. 3, 199; id. VI. Cons Hon. 588.
    2. B. Meton. like our throne, for rule, sway, dominion (mostly poet.): pristina majestas soliorum et sceptra superba, Lucr. 5, 1137; cf.: solio sceptroque potitur, Ov. H. 14, 113; cf. Val. Fl. 2, 309; 6, 742; Hor. C. 2, 2, 17: solio avorum aliquem depellere, Luc. 4, 690; Claud. IV. Cons. Hon. 213: Demetrium in paterno solio locaturi, Liv. 39, 53, 4: Pacorum avito Arsacidarum solio depulsuri, Tac. H. 1, 40: paternum solium per vim, per arma capere, Lact. 1, 10, 10.
  2. II. A tub, esp. for bathing, Lucr. 6, 800; Cato, R. R. 10, 4; Cels. 1, 3; 1, 4; 7, 26, 5; Liv. 44, 6; Plin. 33, 12, 54, § 152; Suet. Aug. 82 fin.; Pall. 1, 40, 3; 1, 41, 1.
    For other purposes, Plin. 19, 2, 8, § 28.
  3. III. A stone coffin for persons of distinction, a sarcophagus: solium Porphyretici marmoris, Suet. Ner. 50; cf. Curt. 10, 10, 9; Flor. 4, 11 fin.; Inscr. Marin. Fratr. Arv. p. 343 al.

1. sŏlum, i, (collat. form sŏlus, ūs, m., acc. to Varr. L. L. 6, 1, 2), n. [root sar-, to guard, make whole; Sanscr. Sarva, entire; cf.: solea, solidus, sollus], the lowest part of a thing, the bottom, ground, base, foundation.

  1. I. Lit., the floor or pavement of a room; the bottom of a ditch or trench; the foundation of a building or the ground, site, on which it stands, etc.; ground, earth, land, soil; the sole of the foot or of a shoe, etc.: aurata tecta in villis et sola marmorea, Cic. Par. 6, 3, 49: (templi) Marmoreum solum, Ov. M. 15, 672; Tib. 3, 3, 16: ut ejus (fossae) solum tantundem pateret, quantum summa labra distabant, Caes. B. G. 7, 72: imum stagni, Ov. M. 4, 298: maris, Sen. Agam. 475.
    Of a river-bed: puro solo excipitur, Curt. 3, 4, 8; 5, 3, 2; cf.: ubi mollius solum reperit, stagnat insulasque molitur, id. 8, 9, 7: trabes in solo collocantur, Caes. B. C. 7, 23: super pilas lapide quadrato solum stratum est, Curt. 5, 1, 33: tecta (porticus) solo jungens, Lucr. 4, 430: solo aequata omnia, Liv. 24, 47 fin.: clivus Publicius ad solum exustus est, id. 30, 26, 5: urbem ad solum diruere, Curt. 3, 10, 7; Eutr. 4, 17: solo exaequare, Flor. 1, 13, 4: solo aequare, Vell. 2, 4, 2: aedificia cuncta solo cohaerentia, Amm. 22, 11, 6: ISIDI TEMPLVM A SOLO POSVIT, Inscr. Orell. 457; cf. ib. 467; Inscr. Fabr. 10, 47: domo pignori data et area ejus tenebitur: est enim pars ejus; et contra jus soli sequitur aedificium, Dig. 13, 7, 21: solum proscindere terrae, Lucr. 5, 1295; so, terrae, id. 1, 212; 5, 211; 5, 1289.
    Plur.: recente terrae sola sanguine maculans, Cat. 63, 7: sola dura, id. 63, 40; Verg. G. 1, 80; Tib. 1, 5, 3; Stat. S. 1, 1, 56; id. Th. 4, 445: sibi praeter agri solum nihil esse reliqui, Caes. B. G. 1, 11: solum exile et macrum, Cic. Agr. 2, 25, 67: incultum et derelictum, id. Brut. 4, 16: densum, siccum, macrum, etc., Col. 2, 2, 5 sq.: duratae solo nives, Hor. C. 3, 24, 39: putre, Verg. G. 2, 204: cruentum, Ov. M. 4, 134: foecundum, id. ib. 7, 417: pulvereum, id. ib. 7, 113: triste, id. ib. 8, 789: vivax, id. ib. 1, 420: pingue, Verg. G. 1, 64: praepingue, id. A. 3, 698: mite, Hor. C. 1, 18, 2: exiguum, Tib. 1, 1, 22: cultum, id. 1, 1, 2: nudum, Curt. 3, 4, 3; 7, 5, 17: viride, Verg. A. 6, 192: presso exercere solum sub vomere, id. G. 2, 356: solo inmobilis haeret, id. A. 7, 250: ingreditur solo, id. ib. 4, 177: solo recubans, id. ib. 3, 392: reptans solo, Stat. S. 5, 5, 83.
    Plur.: saturare fimo pingui sola, Verg. G. 1, 80: ardent sola terrae, Lucr. 2, 592; Cat. 61, 7; 61, 40; Tib. 1, 5, 3; Stat. S. 1, 1, 56; id. Th. 4, 445; cf. Cic. Balb. 5, 13, B. 1. infra: solum hominis exitium herbae, the sole of the foot, Varr. R. R. 1, 47 fin.: mihi calciamentum solorum (est) callum, Cic. Tusc. 5, 32, 90: loca nullius ante Trita solo, Lucr. 1, 927; 4, 2: (canes) unguibus duris, solo nec ut corneo nec nimium duro, Varr. R. R. 2, 9, 4: qui auro soccis habeat suppactum solum, the sole of a shoe, Plaut. Bacch. 2, 3, 98; of a dog: solum corneum, Varr. R. R. 2, 9, 4: cereale solum pomis agrestibus augent, their wheaten board, Verg. A. 7, 111: vastis tremit ictibus aerea puppis, Subtrahiturque solum, i. e. the sea under the vessel, id. ib. 5, 199: omne ponti, Val. Fl. 4, 712: astra tenent caeleste solum, i. e. the vault of heaven, Ov. M. 1, 73: manibusque cruentis Pulsat inane solum, i. e. the sockets of the eyes, Stat. Th. 1, 55.
    Prov.: quodcumque or quod in solum venit, whatever falls to the ground, i. e. whatever comes uppermost or occurs to the mind, = quod in buccam venit, Varr. ap. Non. 500, 11; Cic. N. D. 1, 23, 65; Afran. ap. Non. 124, 18 sq. (Com. Fragm. v. 41 Rib.).
    Also ellipt. (cf. bucca): convivio delector: ibi loquor, quod in solum ut dicitur, Cic. Fam. 9, 26, 2.
    1. B. Transf., in gen.
      1. 1. Soil, i. e. land, country, region, place (cf.: terra, tellus, humus): sola terrarum, Enn. ap. Fest. p. 301 Müll. (Ann. v. 443 Vahl.): solum, in quo tu ortus et procreatus, Cic. Leg. 2, 2, 4; cf. patriae, id. Cat. 4, 7, 16; Liv. 5, 49: pro solo, in quo nati essent, id. 5, 30, 1: patrium, id. 21, 53: natale, i. e. native country, natal soil, Ov. M. 7, 52; 8, 184; id. P. 1, 3, 35; Sen. Med. 334; cf.: in gremio regni solique genitalis, Amm. 17, 12, 21: Miletus, genitale solum, Vell. 2, 7, 5 (7); Vop. Aur. 3, 2.
        Plur.: vos, mutae regiones, imploro, et sola terrarum ultimarum, etc., Cic. Balb. 5, 13: sola Romana, Capitol. Max. 13: vile solum Sparte est, Ov. M. 15, 428: Romani numen utrumque soli, id. F. 3, 292: maxima Fundani gloria soli, id. P. 2, 11, 28.
        Hence, solum vertere, to leave one’s country (generally said of going into exile): qui volunt poenam aliquam subterfugere, eo solum vertunt, hoc est, sedem ac locum mutant, Cic. Caecin. 34, 100; cf.: neque exsilii causā solum vertisse diceretur, id. Quint. 28, 26; id. Phil. 5, 5, 14; Liv. 3, 13; 43, 2 al.; so, solum civitatis mutatione vertere, Cic. Balb. 11, 28.
        Rarely, in this sense: solum mutare: exsules sunt, etiam si solum non mutarint, Cic. Par. 4, 2, 31; cf.: quo vertendi, hoc est mutandi, soli causā venerant, id. Dom. 30, 78.
      2. 2. In jurid. lang.: res soli, land, and all that stands upon it, real estate (opp. res mobiles, personal or movable property): omnes res, sive mobiles sint, sive soli, Dig. 13, 3, 1; so, res soli, ib. 43, 16, 1, § 32: tertia pars de agris, terris, arbustis, satis quaerit, et, ut jurisconsultorum verbo utar, de omnibus quae solo continentur, Sen. Q. N. 2, 1, 2; Plin. Ep. 6, 19, 4: ut feneratores duas patrimonii partes in solo collocarent, lay out in land, Suet. Tib. 48: in solo proprio, Vop. Flor. 2.
  2. II. Trop., a base, basis, foundation (very rare): auspicio regni stabilita scamna solumque, i. e. throne, Enn. ap. Cic. Div. 1, 48 fin. (Ann. v. 99 Vahl.); cf.: Tarquinio dedit imperium simul et sola regni, Enn. ap. Fest. p. 298 Müll. (Ann. v. 151 Vahl.): solum quidem et quasi fundamentum oratoris vides locutionem emendatam et Latinam, Cic. Brut. 74, 258: solum quoddam atque fundamentum, id. de Or. 3, 37, 151: solo aequandae sunt dictaturae consulatusque, to be levelled with the ground, i. e. to be utterly abolished, Liv. 6, 18, 14; so, ad solum dirutum, Vulg. Nah. 2, 6.

1. sōlus, a, um (gen. regular. solius; dat. soli; gen. m. soli, Cato ap. Prisc. p. 694 P.; dat. m. SOLO, Inscr. Orell. 2627; f. solae, Plaut. Mil. 4, 2, 28; Ter. Eun. 5, 6, 3), adj. [orig. the same with sollus, q. v.; cf. salus. By Pott referred to sui, Kühn. Zeitschr. 5, 242].

  1. I. Lit.
    1. A. In gen., alone, only, single, sole (syn.: unus, unicus, singularis): quod egomet solus feci, nec quisquam alius affuit, Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 269: cum omnibus potius quam soli perire voluerunt, Cic. Cat. 4, 7, 14: cum visum esset utilius solum quam cum altero regnare, id. Off. 3, 10, 41: licebit eum solus ames, id. Att. 6, 3, 7: tot mea Solius solliciti sint causa, ut, etc., Ter. Heaut. 1, 1, 77: nec mihi soli versantur ante oculos … sed, etc., Cic. Lael. 27, 102: non sibi se soli natum meminerit, id. Fin. 2, 14, 45 fin.: extra Peloponnesum Aenianes, etc. … soli absunt a mari, id. Rep. 2, 4, 8: quae sola divina sunt, id. Tusc. 1, 27, 66: ita sola errare videbar, Enn. Ann. 1, 45; cf. Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 2: Africanum solitum esse dicere, se numquam minus solum esse, quam cum solus esset, Cic. Rep. 1, 17, 27: rem narrabit sola soli, Ter. Hec. 3, 2, 15; 4, 1, 42; id. Eun. 3, 5, 31; Cato ap. Prisc. p. 694 P.: de viginti Restabam solus, Ov. M. 3, 688: solus ex plurimis servis, Plaut. Most. 4, 1, 23: solus ex toto illo collegio, Cic. Prov. Cons. 8, 18: Stoici soli ex omnibus, id. de Or. 3, 18, 65: tu ex omnibus, id. Fam. 2, 17, 6: ego meorum solus sum meus, Ter. Phorm. 4, 1, 21: coturnices solae animalium, Plin. 10, 23, 33, § 69: solus inter omnes, Mart. 4, 2, 1: quae (actio) sola per se ipsa quanta sit, histrionum ars declarat, Cic. de Or. 1, 5, 18; so, per se, id. Top. 15, 59; Liv. 1, 49; 10, 1 al.
      With subj. inf.: nam solum habere velle summa dementia est, Cic. Tusc. 4, 26, 56.
      Strengthened by unus: Ch. Quid, duasne is uxores habet? So. Obsecro: unam ille quidem hanc solam, Ter. Phorm. 5, 1, 27: solum unum hoc vitium affert senectus hominibus, id. Ad. 5, 3, 47: furta praetoris quae essent HS. duodecies, ex uno oppido solo exportata sunt, Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 75, § 185: unam solam scitote esse civitatem, quae, etc., id. ib. 2, 2, 5, § 13: te unum solum suum depeculatorem venisse, id. Pis. 40, 96.
      With other numerals (freq. and class.), Plaut. Bacch. 4, 9, 51; Cic. Ac. 2, 45, 138; id. Att. 2, 1, 5; id. Phil. 11, 8, 18; id. Verr. 2, 2, 74, § 182: Ge. Quantum tibi opus est argenti? Ph. Solae triginta minae, Ter. Phorm. 3, 3, 24; Caes. B. G. 1, 40: qui solos novem menses Asiae praefuit, Cic. Att. 5, 17, 5; Liv. 1, 55, 8; 6, 36, 8; 37, 23, 10; and Suet. Aug. 97.
      In voc.: felix lectule talibus sole amoribus, Attic. ap. Prisc. p. 673 P.
    2. B. In partic., alone, lonely, solitary, forsaken, deserted; without relatives, friends, etc. (rare; syn. solitarius): sola sum: habeo hic neminem, Neque amicum neque cognatum, Ter. Eun. 1, 2, 67; cf. id. Ad. 3, 1, 4; id. And. 2, 3, 7: solus atque omnium honestarum rerum egens, Sall. J. 14, 17; id. H. 3, 61, 3 Dietsch: gaudet me vacuo solam tabescere lecto, Prop. 3, 5 (4, 6), 23.
  2. II. Transf., of places, lonely, solitary, unfrequented, desert, = desertus (class.): hic solis locis composita sum, Hic saxa sunt, hic mare sonat, nec quisquam Homo mihi obviam venit, Plaut. Rud. 1, 3, 22; cf.: cum in locis solis moestus errares, Cic. Div. 1, 28, 59: loca, Lucr. 6, 396; Cic. Fragm. ap. Quint. 5, 13, 28; Nep. Eum. 8, 6 (for which shortly before: loca deserta); Sall. J. 103, 1: locus, Plaut. Aul. 4, 6, 7; Ter. And. 2, 4, 3: terrae, Plaut. Rud. 1, 4, 8; id. Most. 4, 3, 3; Ter. Phorm. 5, 7 (8), 86: Libyae agri, Verg. G. 3, 249: insula, Cat. 64, 184: in harena, id. 64, 57: solā sub rupe, Verg. E. 10, 14; Cat. 64, 154: in monte, Tib. 1, 2, 72 (Müll. solito) et saep.
    Hence, adv.: sōlum, alone, only, merely, barely.
    1. A. Affirmatively (rare but class.; syn. tantum, but never with numerals, except unus; cf. solus, A. supra): de re unā solum dissident, de ceteris mirifice congruunt. Ain’ tandem? unā de re solum est dissensio? Cic. Leg. 1, 20, 53: nos nuntiationem solum habemus: consules etiam spectionem, id. Phil. 2, 32, 81; id. Or. 48, 160: quasi vero atrā bili solum mens ac non saepe vel iracundia graviore vel timore moveatur, id. Tusc. 3, 5, 11: quae hominum solum auribus judicantur, id. N. D. 2, 58, 146: quasi vero perpetua oratio rhetorum solum, non etiam philosophorum sit, id. Fin. 2, 6, 17.
      1. 2. Strengthened by modo, and joined with it in one word, sōlummŏdo (only late Lat., for the true reading, Plin. 34, 8, 19, § 92, is unam tantum, Jan. Detlef.; whereas tantummodo is class.): de exercitore solummodo Praetor sentit, Dig. 4, 9, 1, § 2: pretii solummodo fieri aestimationem, ib. 9, 2, 23, § 1; 11, 5, 1, § 3; 28, 5, 1, § 1; Quint. Decl. 247; Tert. Res. Carn. 26; Hier. Ep. 12.
    2. B. Negatively: non solum, nec (neque) solum … sed (verum) etiam (et), etc., not only (not merely, not barely) … but also, etc. (class. and freq.): non solum publicas, sed etiam privatas injurias ultus est, Caes. B. G. 1, 12 fin.: urbes non solum multis periculis oppositae, sed etiam caecis, Cic. Rep. 2, 3, 6: importantur non merces solum adventiciae, sed etiam mores, id. ib. 2, 4, 7: neque solum fictum, sed etiam imperite absurdeque fictum, id. ib. 2, 15, 28: te non solum naturā et moribus, verum etiam studio et doctrinā esse sapientem, id. Lael. 2, 6: non nobis solum nati sumus, id. Off. 1, 7, 22: ut sapiens solum contentus possit vivere, id. Fin. 1, 13, 44 Madv. ad loc.: bestiae sibi solum natae sunt, id. ib. 3, 19, 63: nec vero solum hanc libidinem laudant, id. Tusc. 4, 19, 44: servavit ab omni Non solum facto verum opprobrio quoque turpi, Hor. S. 1, 6, 84: non enim jus illud solum superbius populo, sed violentius videri necesse erat, Cic. Leg. 3, 7, 17; id. Cat. 3, 10, 24: non solum ortum novum populum, sed adultum jam, etc., id. Rep. 2, 11, 21: quibus opibus ac nervis non solum ad minuendam gratiam, sed paene ad perniciem suam uteretur, Caes. B. G. 1, 20: quae non solum facta esse, sed ne fieri quidem potuisse cernimus, Cic. Rep. 2, 15, 28: bene meriti de rebus communibus, ut genere etiam putarentur non solum ingenio esse divino, id. ib. 2, 2, 4: neque solum civis, set cujusmodi genus hominum, Sall. C. 39, 6; v. non and sed.