Lewis & Short

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1. lĕvis, e, adj. [for leg-vis; Sanscr. laghu-s, little; cf. O. H. Germ. ring-i; Germ. gering; Gr. ἐλαχύς], light in weight, not heavy (opp. gravis).

  1. I. Lit.: leviora corpora (opp. graviora), Lucr. 2, 227: aether, id. 5, 459: aura, id. 3, 196: levior quam pluma, Plaut. Men. 3, 2, 23: stipulae, Verg. G. 1, 289: armatura, light armor: levis armaturae Numidae, the light-armed Numidians, Caes. B. G. 2, 10; also, by metonymy, lightarmed troops; v. armatura, and cf.: sed haec fuerit nobis tamquam levis armaturae prima orationis excursio, Cic. Div. 2, 10 fin.; so, miles, a light-armed soldier, Liv. 8, 8; cf. of clothing: nudi, aut sagulo leves, Tac. G. 6: flebis in solo levis angiportu, Hor. C. 1, 25, 10.
    Of the earth upon the dead: terraque securae sit super ossa levis, Tib. 2, 4, 50; esp. freq. on tombstones: sit tibi terra levis (abbreviated, S. T. T. L.): per leves populos, the shades, bodiless persons, Ov. M. 10, 14: virgaque levem coerces aurea turbam, Hor. C. 1, 10, 18.
    Poet. with inf.: fessis leviora tolli Pergama Grais, a lighter burden, i. e. easier to be destroyed, Hor. C. 2, 4, 11.
    1. B. Transf.
      1. 1. Light of digestion, easy to digest (mostly poet. and post-Aug.): quae in aqua degunt, leviorem cibum praestant. Inter domesticas quadrupedes levissima suilla est, gravissima bubula, lightest of digestion, Cels. 1, 18: leves malvae, Hor. C. 1, 31, 16 (cf.: gravi Malvae salubres corpori, id. Epod. 2, 57).
      2. 2. Light in motion, swift, quick, fleet, nimble, rapid (syn.: agilis, alacer, pernix): ipsa (diva) levi fecit volitantem flamine currum (i. e. Argo), a quick, favorable wind, Cat. 64, 9; cf.: leves venti, Ov. M. 15, 346: flatus, Sil. 15, 162: currus, light, swift, Ov. M. 2, 150: levi deducens pollice filum, light, nimble, id. ib. 4, 36; so, pollex, id. ib. 6, 22: saltus, id. ib. 7, 767; 3, 599: peltam pro parma fecit, ut ad motus concursusque essent leviores, Nep. Iphicr. 1: Messapus levis cursu, Verg. A. 12, 489: leves Parthi, id. G. 4, 314: equus, Val. Fl. 1, 389: Nympharumque leves cum Satyris chori, Hor. C. 1, 1, 31: quaere modos leviore plectro, nimbler, gayer, id. ib. 2, 1, 40: et levis erecta consurgit ad oscula plantā, Juv. 6, 507.
        With inf. (poet.): omnes ire leves, Sil. 16, 488: exsultare levis, id. 10, 605: levior discurrere, id. 4, 549: nullo levis terrore moveri, Claud. IV. Cons. Hon. 514: hora, fleeting, Ov. M. 15, 181: terra, light, thin soil, Verg. G. 2, 92: et ubi montana (loca) quod leviora et ideo salubriora, Varr. R. R. 1, 6, 3; so (opp graviora), id. ib.
      3. 3. Slight, trifling, small (mostly poet.): ignis, Ov. M. 3, 488: tactus, a slight, gentle touch, id. ib. 4, 180: strepitus, id. ib. 7, 840: stridor, id. ib. 4, 413.
  2. II. Trop.
    1. A. Without weight, i. e. of no consequence; hence, in gen., light, trifling, unimportant, inconsiderable, trivial, slight, little, petty, easy (class.): nunquam erit alienis gravis qui suis se concinnat levem, Plaut. Trin. 3, 2, 58: grave est nomen imperii atque id etiam in levi persona pertimescitur, Cic. Agr. 2, 17, 45: leve et infirmum, id. Rosc. Com. 2, 6: quae mihi ad spem obtinendae veritatis gravissima sunt; ad motum animi … leviora, id. Deiot. 2, 5: quod alia quaedam inania et levia conquiras, id. Planc. 26, 63: auditio, a light, unfounded report, Caes. B. G. 7, 42: cui res et pecunia levissima et existimatio sanctissima fuit semper, something very insignificant, Cic. Rosc. Com. 5, 15: dolor, id. Fin. 1, 12, 40: proelium, Caes. B. G. 7, 36: periculum, id. B. C. 3, 26: in aliquem merita, id. ib. 2, 32, 10: leviore de causa, id. B. G. 7, 4 fin.: praecordia levibus flagrantia causis, Juv. 13, 182: effutire leves indigna tragoedia versus, Hor. A. P. 231.
      As subst.: in levi habitum, was made little of, was regarded as a trifle, Tac. H. 2, 21; id. A. 3, 54: levia sed nimium queror, Sen. Herc. Fur. 63: quid leviora loquor? Petr. poët. 134, 12: non est leve tot puerorum observare manus, no easy matter, Juv. 7, 240: quidquid levius putaris, easier, id. 10, 344.
          1. (β) With gen. (poet.): opum levior, Sil. 2, 102.
    2. B. In disposition or character.
      1. 1. Light, light-minded, capricious, fickle, inconstant, unreliable, false: homo levior quam pluma, Plaut. Men. 3, 2, 23: ne me leviorem erga te putes, id. Trin. 5, 2, 34: tu levior cortice, Hor. C. 3, 9, 22: vitium levium hominum atque fallacium, Cic. Lael. 25, 91: quidam saepe in parva pecunia perspiciuntur quam sint leves, id. ib. 17, 63: leves ac nummarii judices, id. Clu. 28, 75: sit precor illa levis, Tib. 1, 6, 56: levi brachio aliquid agere, Cic. Att. 4, 16, 6: quid levius aut turpius, Caes. B. G. 5, 28 fin.: auctor, Liv. 5, 15: leves amicitiae, Cic. Lael. 26, 100: spes, vain, empty, Hor. Ep. 1, 5, 8: leviores mores, Ulp. Fragm. 6, 12.
      2. 2. Mild, gentle, pleasant (rare): quos qui leviore nomine appellant, percussores vocant, Cic. Rosc. Am. 33, 93; and: levior reprehensio, id. Ac. 2, 32, 102: tandem eo, quod levissimum videbatur, decursum est, the gentlest, mildest, Liv. 5, 23 fin.: nec leves somnos timor aut cupido Sordidus aufert, Hor. C. 2, 16, 15; id. Epod. 2, 28: exsilium, mild, tolerable, Suet. Aug. 51.
        Hence, adv.: lĕ-vĭter, lightly, not heavily.
      1. 1. Lit. (rare): armati, light-armed, Curt. 4, 13.
        Of the blow of a weapon: levius casura pila sperabat, Caes. B. C. 3, 92, 2.
      2. 2. Trop.
        1. a. Slightly, a little, not much, somewhat: leviter densae nubes, Lucr. 6, 248: inflexum bacillum, Cic. Div. 1, 17, 30: genae leviter eminentes (al. leniter), id. N. D. 2, 57, 143: qui (medici) leviter aegrotantes leniter curant, gravioribus autem morbis, etc., id. Off. 1, 24, 83: saucius, id. Inv. 2, 51, 154: non leviter lucra liguriens, id. Verr. 2, 3, 76, § 177: agnoscere aliquid, id. Fin. 2, 11, 33: eruditus, id. de Or. 3, 6, 24.
          Comp.: quanto constantior idem In vitiis, tanto levius miser, so much less, Hor. S. 2, 7, 18: dolere, Ov. P. 1, 9, 30.
          Sup.: ut levissime dicam, to express it in the mildest manner, Cic. Cat. 3, 7 fin.
        2. b. Easily, lightly, without difficulty, with equanimity: id eo levius ferendum est, quod, etc., Cic. Fam. 4, 3, 2; cf.: sed levissime feram, si, etc., id. Prov. Cons. 20, 47; Liv. 29, 9.
          Comp.: levius torquetis Arachne, more dexterously, Juv. 2, 56.

2. lēvis (erroneously laevis), e, adj. [Gr. λεῖος, λευρός], smooth, smoothed, not rough, opp. asper (class.).

  1. I. Lit.
    1. A. In gen.: corpuscula quaedam levia, alia aspera, etc., Cic. N. D. 1, 24, 66: in locis (spectatur): leves an asperi, id. Part. Or. 10, 36: Deus levem eum (mundum) fecit et undique aequabilem, id. Univ. 6: pocula, smooth, shining, Verg. A. 5, 91: pharetrae, id. ib. 5, 558: brassica, Cato, R. R. 15, 7: levissima corpora, Lucr. 4, 659: coma pectine levis, Ov. M. 12, 409: nascunturque leves per digitos umerosque plumae, Hor. C. 2, 20, 11: levior assiduo detritis aequore conchis, Ov. M. 13, 792: inimicus pumice levis, rubbed (cf. pumicatus), Juv. 9, 95.
      Poet.: levi cum sanguine Nisus labitur infelix, slippery, Verg. A. 5, 328: levis Juventas ( = imberbis), smooth, without hair, beardless, Hor. C. 2, 11, 6; so, ora, Tib. 1, 9 (8), 31: crura, Juv. 8, 115: sponsus, id. 3, 111: caput, id. 10, 199; 2, 12; hence, also, poet. for youthful, delicate, beautiful: pectus, Verg. A. 11, 40: frons, id. E. 6, 51: umeri, id. A. 7, 815: colla, Ov. M. 10, 698.
      Also, finely dressed, spruce, effeminate: vir, Ov. A. A. 3, 437; Pers. 1, 82: argentum, smooth, not engraved or chased, Juv. 14, 62.
      In neutr. absol.: externi ne quid valeat per leve morari, smoothness, Hor. S. 2, 7, 87; so, per leve, Pers. 1, 64: per levia, Aus. Idyll. 16, 4.
    2. B. Transf., rubbed smooth, ground down, softened, soft (rare), Scrib. Comp. 228; Cels. 2, 8.
  2. II. Trop., of speech, smooth, flowing (rare but class.): oratio (opp. aspera), Cic. Or. 5 fin.; so, levis verborum concursus (opp. asper), id. de Or. 3, 43, 171: levis et aspera (vox), Quint. 11, 3, 15: levis et quadrata compositio, id. 2, 5, 9: levia ac nitida, id. 5, 12, 18: (aures) fragosis offenduntur et levibus mulcentur, id. 9, 4, 116.
    Adv. does not occur.

1. lĕvo, āvi, ātum, 1 (old form of fut. perf. levasso, Enn. ap. Cic. de Sen. 1), v. a. [1. levis], to lift up, raise, elevate (syn.: extollo, erigo).

  1. I. Lit. (mostly poet. and in post-Aug. prose): ter sese attollens cubitoque annixa levavit, Verg. A. 4, 690: se de caespite, to rise, Ov. M. 2, 427: se saxo, id. F. 4, 528: cum se matura levarit progenies (avium), Juv. 14, 83: apis se confestim levat sublimius, Col. 9, 12, 1; Plin. 2, 16, 13, § 69; 36, 16, 24, § 122: per hiemem, quae altius levat Alpes, i. e. by the snow, Flor. 3, 3, 11.
    1. B. Transf.
      1. 1. To make lighter, lighten, to relieve, ease: cantantes ut eamus, ego te fasce levabo, Verg. E. 9, 65: serpentum colla levavit, i. e. alighted from the dragon-car, Ov. M. 8, 798: dentes, to clean the teeth, Mart. 14, 22: vesicam, Spart. Carac. 7: jactatur rerum utilium pars maxima, sed nec damna levant, do not lighten the ship, Juv. 12, 53.
      2. 2. To take away, take: furcā levat ille bicorni sordida terga suis, takes down, Ov. M. 8, 647: alicui manicas atque arcta Vincla, Verg. A. 2, 146: tributum, to raise, levy, Dig. 50, 15, 4, § 2.
  2. II. Trop., to lighten, relieve, console, refresh, support a person or thing with any thing (freq. and class.).
    Of a personal object: non nihil enim me levant tuae litterae hoc tempore, Cic. Att. 11, 8, 1.
    Of things as objects: O Tite, si quid te adjuero curamve levasso, Enn. ap. Cic. de Sen. 1 (Ann. v. 339 Vahl.); so, auxilio viros, Verg. A. 2, 452; 4, 538: curam et angorem animi sermone et consilio, Cic. Att. 1, 18, 1: molestias, id. Fam. 4, 3, 2: fonte sitim, to slake, Ov. Tr. 4, 8, 26: arida ora aqua, to refresh, id. R. Am. 230; so, membra gramine, id. F. 6, 328.
    Pass.: levantur tamen miserae civitates, quod nullus fit sumptus in nos, Cic. Att. 5, 16, 3.
    1. B. Transf.
      1. 1. To lighten, lessen, alleviate, mitigate (cf.: laxo, libero): meam egestatem, Plaut. Trin. 3, 2, 62: alicui paupertatem, id. Ep. 4, 1, 33: morbum, id. Mil. 4, 6, 57: inopiam multum, Caes. B. C. 3, 48, 1: salutari arte fessos Corporis artus, Hor. C. S. 63: morbi vim levaturus, Curt. 3, 6, 2: levavitque apertis horreis pretia frugum, reduced, Tac. A. 2, 59: vario viam sermone, Verg. A. 8, 309: injurias, Caes. B. C. 1, 9: suspicionem, Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 59, § 136: ut sumptus levaretur, Plin. Ep. 10, 43 (52), 2: calamitatem innocentium, Cic. Rosc. Am. 3, 7: his levabat omnem vulnerum metum nobilitas mortis, id. Tusc. 2, 24, 59: qui paupertatem levet propinqui, Juv. 14, 236.
      2. 2. To lessen, diminish, weaken, impair: cave lassitudo poplitum cursum levet, Att. ap. Non. 336, 29: laudem alicujus, id. ib. 31: inconstantiā levatur auctoritas, Cic. Ac. 2, 22, 69: multa fidem promissa levant, Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 10.
      3. 3. To relieve, release, discharge, free from any thing.
          1. (α) With abl.: leva me hoc onere, Cic. Fam. 3, 12, 3: aliquem miseriis, id. ib. 3, 8: me molestia, id. ib. 16, 9, 2: aliquem metu, Liv. 2, 22: animos religione, id. 21, 62; cf.: qui hac opinione non modo verbis, sed etiam opere levandi sunt, Cic. Lael. 20, 72: ut homines populares supplicio aut exsilio levarentur, id. Verr. 2, 5, 6, § 13: se aere alieno, id. Att. 6, 2, 4: se infamiā, id. Verr. 2, 3, 61, § 141: se vitā, Varr. ap. Non. 336, 33.
          2. * (β) With gen.: ut me omnium jam laborum levas, Plaut. Rud. 1, 4, 27.
      4. 4. To avert: omen, Verg. A. 3, 36: ictum dextra, Hor. C. 2, 17, 28.

2. lēvo (laevo), āvi, ātum, 1, v. a. [2. levis], to make smooth, to smooth, polish.

  1. I. Lit.: levare ac radere tigna, Lucr. 5, 1267: corpus, * Cic. Fragm. Or. in Clod. et Cur. 5; Cels. 8, 3: magni levatique mensarum orbes, Sen. Helv. 11, 6: mensas, Stat. Th. 1, 519.
  2. II. Trop., of speech, to smooth down, polish, soften: nimis aspera sano Levabit cultu, Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 123.
    Hence, P. a.: lēvātus, a, um; comp.: quae levatiora levioraque sunt, more highly polished, Gell. 17, 8, 15.