No entries found. Showing closest matches:
circĭtor (or circuĭtor, Petr. 53, 10), ōris, m. [for circumitor, from circumeo, lit. one who goes around, hence],
- I. A watchman (of gardens. buildings, etc.; postclass.), Auct. Priap. 16, 1, Front. Aquaed. 117; Petr. 1 1.
- II. In milit. lang., plur., those who go the rounds and visit the posts of sentinels, patrols, Veg. Mil. 3, 8; Hier. Ep. 61, n. 7.
Sing.’ CIRCITOR, Inscr. Murat. 540, 2.
- III. A pedler, Dig. 14, 3, 5, § 4.
circŭĕo, īre, v. circumeo.
circŭĭtĭo (circŭmĭtĭo, Cic. Div. 2, 17, 40; 2, 61, 127; Liv. 3, 6, 9; Front. de Or. 3; Amm. 24, 2, 2), ōnis, f. [circumeo].
- I. A going round; in milit. lang., the rounds: circuitio ac cura (vigiliarum) aedilium plebei erat. Liv. 3, 6, 9.
- 2. A circuit: muni mentum fluminis circumitione vallatum, Amm 24, 2, 2.
- B. Trop., a circuitous mode, a circumlocution. ita aperte ipsam rem modo locutus, nil circuitione usus es, Ter. And. 1, 2, 31: quid opus est circumitione et anfractu? Cic. Div. 2, 61, 127, cf. Auct. Her. 4, 32, 43: Epicurus circuitione quādam (in an indirect manner) deos tollens, Cic. Div. 2, 17, 40.
- II. Meton. (abstr. pro concr.), a place for going round something, a way, passage, corridor, Vitr. 4, 4; 6, 3; 10, 19.
- B. A circumference, compass, Vitr. 1, 5; 2, 10.
circŭĭtor, ōris, v. circitor,
1. circŭĭtus, a, um, Part., from circumeo.
2. circŭĭtus (circŭmĭtus, Cic. N. D. 1, 12, 29; 2, 62, 155; 2, 19, 49; id. Rep. 1, 29, 45; Quint. 1, 10, 42 al.; cf. circumeo, and v. Neue, Formenl. 2, p. 737), ūs, m. [circumeo] (class. in prose and poetry).
- I. A going round, a circling, revolving, a revolution: solis, Cic. N. D. 2, 19, 49; cf. Plin. 2, 23, 21, § 86; Cic. Rep. 6, 12, 12: nox et dies unum circumitum orbis efflcit, id. Univ. 9 prope med.: Asiae Syriaeque circuitu Aegyptum petit, Suet. Aug. 17: mundi, Plin. 2, 5, 4, § 11.
- B. In medic. lang., the periodical return of a disease, Cels. 3, 5; Ser. Samm. 95.
Far more freq.,
- II. Meton.
- A. (Abstr. pro concr.). A circuit, compass, a way around: plurimum refert, cujus sit formae ille circuitus, Quint. 1, 10, 40; cf. id. 1, 10, 42; 1, 5, 26; Augur. ap. Gell. 13, 14, 1: collis, quem propter magnitudinem circuitus opere circumplecti non poterant, Caes. B. G. 7, 83: illi operibus vincebant, quod interiore spatio minorem circuitum habebant, id. B. C. 3, 44: XV milia passuum circuitu amplexus, id. ib.; so id B G. 1, 41; Plin. 4, 12, 19, § 54: brevi per mon tes circuitu praemissis, qui munirent viam, Liv. 34, 28, 2; 4, 27, 8; Curt. 3, 11, 19: qualis esset natura montis et qualis in circuitu ascensus, Caes. B. G. 1, 21; 2, 29; 2, 30: longo circuitu petere regiones, id. ib. 7, 45; Verg. A. 11, 767: saevaque circuitu curvantem bracchia longo, Ov M. 2, 82: circumitus Siciliae quid tibi novi ostenderit, Sen. Ep. 79, 1.
- B. = ambitus, an open space left around a building, Varr. L. L. 5, § 22; cf. Paul. ex Fest. p 5, 4 Müll.; Inscr Marin. Fratr. Arval. p. 369.
- III. Trop
- A. In rhet., a period: in toto circuitu illo orationis, quem Graeci περιοδον, nos tum ambitum, tum circuitum, tum comprehensionem, aut continuationem aut circumscriptionem dicimus, Cic. Or. 61, 204; cf. Quint 9, 4, 124: modo ne circuitus ipse verborum sit aut brevior quam aures exspectent, aut longior, etc., Cic. de Or 3, 49, 191; 3, 51, 198; id. Or. 23, 78; Quint. 8, 6, 59; 11, 1, 6.
In plur.: oratio longiores habet saepe circuitus, Quint. 9, 4, 60.
- B. In the postAug. per., a circumlocution, periphrasis, a roundabout way in speech or action; an indirect procedure.
- 1. Of speech, ea, quae proprie signari poterant, circuitu coeperint enuntiare, Quint. 12, 10, 16; 12, 10, 41; 5, 7, 16; 10, 1, 12: loqui per circuitus, Mart. 11, 15, 8.
- 2. Of action: cur circuitu petis gloriam, quae ad manum posita est? Curt. 9, 3, 14: negavi circuitu agendum, sed plane jure civili dimicandum, Petr 13 fin.
circŭlāris, e, adj. [circulus], circular, round (post-class.): flexus, Mart. Cap. 6, § 579; 8, § 814 init.
circŭlātim, adv. [circulor], circularly, in a circle (post-Aug. and rare).
- I. Prop.: pectori circulatim cerotaria apponere, Cael. Aur. Acut. 2, 29, 153; id. Tard. 1, 4, 91; Petr. 67 Gronov. (Büch circumlatum).
- II. Fig., in circles, groups, or companies: multitudo circulatim suo quaeque more lamentata est, * Suet. Caes. 84 fin.
* circŭlātĭo, ōnis, f. [circulor], a circular course, revolution: Mercurii, Vitr. 9, 1, 8.
circŭlātor, ōris, m. [circulor].
- I. A pedler: auctionum, Asin. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 32, 3.
- II. A mountebank, quack, Cels. 5, 27, 3; Petr 68, 6; Dig. 47, 11, 11; Sen. Ben. 6, 11, 2; App. M. 1, p. 103, 38.
Of noisy philosophers, Sen. Ep. 29, 5
circŭlātōrĭus, a, um, adj. [circulator], of a mountebank, quackish (post-Aug.): jactatio, Quint. 2, 4, 15: volubilitas, id. 10, 1, 8: praestigiae, Tert. Apol. 23.
circŭlātrix, īcis, f. [circulator], a female mountebank or stroller, Auct. Priap. 18, 1.
Adj.: lingua, of a mountebank, Mart. 10, 3, 2.
circŭlo, āre, v. a. (post-class. collat. form of circulor) [circulus],
- I. to make circu lar or round, App. flor. 9, p. 346, 21. circulatus gressus, Cael. Aur Tard. 1, 1: digitos. bent in, App. Mag. 89, p. 330.
- II. Esp., to encircle, encompass: verticem varietatibus, Mart. Cap. 7, § 728: sideribus, id. 8, § 831; 4, § 333 al.; cf. Neue, Formenl. 2, p. 269.
circŭlor, ātus, 1, v. dep. [circulator].
- I. To form a circle (of men) about one’s self, or to gather in a company or circle for conversation, * Cic. Brut. 54, 200: totis vero castris milites circulari et dolere, etc., Caes. B. C. 1, 64.
Hence,
- II. Of mountebanks, to collect people around one’s self, Sen. Ep. 40, 3; 52, 7.
circŭlus, i, m. (contr. circlus, like vinclum = vinculum, Verg. G. 3, 166) [kindred with κίρκος, κύκλος, circinus],
- I. a circular figure, a circle: circulus aut orbis, qui κύκλος Graece dicitur, Cic. N. D. 2, 18, 47: muri exterior, Liv. 36, 9, 12: circulus ad speciem caelestis arcūs orbem solis ambiit, Suet. Aug. 95.
- B. Esp.
- 1. In astronomy, a circular course, orbit: stellae circulos suos orbesque conficiunt celeritate mirabili, Cic. Rep. 6, 15, 15: aequinoctialis, solstitialis, septentrionalis, Varr. L. L. 9, § 24; Ov. M. 2, 516: lacteus, the Milky Way, Plin. 2, 25, 23, § 91; 18, 29, 69, § 230: signifer, Vitr. 6, 1, 1; 9, 8, 8.
- 2. In geog., a zone or belt of the eartb’s surface: plura sunt segmenta mundi, quae nostri circulos appellavere, Graeci parallelos, Plin. 6, 34, 39, § 212 sqq.
- C. Trop., of time: mensis artiore praecingitur circulo, Sen. Ep. 12, 6.
- II. Meton.
- A. Any circular body; a ring, necklace, hoop, chain, Verg. A. 5, 559; 10, 138; id. G. 3, 166; Plin. 14, 21, 27, § 132; Suet. Aug 80.
- B. A circle or company for social intercourse (very freq.): in conviviis rodunt, in circulis vellicant, Cic. Balb. 26, 57; so with convivia also, Liv. 32, 20, 3; 34, 61, 5; 44, 22, 8; Domit. Mars. ap. Quint. 6, 3, 105; Tac. A. 3, 54; Nep. Epam. 3, 3; Mart. 2, 86, 11; 10, 62, 5: cir culos aliquos et sessiunculas consectarl, Cic. Fin. 5, 20, 56 per fora et circulos locuti sunt, Tac Agr 43; cf Quint. 12, 10, 74: quemcumque patrem familias arripuissetis ex aliquo circulo, Cic. de Or. 1, 34, 159; 1, 38, 174: de circulo se subducere, to withdraw from the assembly, id. Q. Fr. 3, 4, 1; Quint. 2, 12 10; cf.: densa circumstantium corona latissimum judicium multiplici circulo ambibat, Plin. Ep 6, 33, 3.
circum [properly acc. from circus = κίρκος], adv. and prep., designates either an entire encompassing or surrounding of an object, or a proximity only partially em. bracing or comprehending it, around, about, all around, περί, ἀμφί
- I. Adv.
- A. Around, round about, all around, etc., πέριξ: furcas circum offigito, Cato, R. R. 48, 2; Varr. R. R. 3, 14, 1; Verg A 3, 230: quia (locus) vastis circum saltibus claudebatur, Tac. A. 4, 25: molli circum est ansas amplexus acantho, Verg. E. 3, 45: age tu interim Da cito ab Delphio Cantharum circum, Plaut. Most. 1, 4, 33: quae circum essent opera tueri, Caes. B. C 2, 10: interea Rutuli portis circum omnibus instant, Verg. A. 10, 118 (i. e. circumcirca fusi: nam modo circum adverbium loci est, Serv.): omnem, quae nuno .umida circum Caligat, nu. bem eripiam, id. ib. 2, 605; Tib. 1, 3, 77; 1, 5, 11. sed circum tutae sub moenibus urbis aquantur, round about under the walls, Verg. G 4, 193. faciundum haras quadratas circum binos pedes, all around, i. e. on every side, two feet, Varr. R. R. 3, 10, 3 Schneid.
- b. Strengthened with undique (in later Latin also sometimes written as one word, circumundique), from everywhere around, around on all sides: circum Undique convenere, Verg. A. 4, 416; Lucr. 3, 404: clausis circum undique portis, Stat. S. 2, 5, 13; 5, 1, 155; id. Th. 2, 228: oppositu circumundique aliarum aedium, Gell. 4, 5, 3; 13, 24, 1; 14, 2, 9; so with totus and omnis, Varr. R. R. 3, 14, 1; Verg. A. 10, 118.
- B. Of an incomplete circuit, esp. of the part that meets the view, lies on the hither side, etc. (v. under II.): hostilibus circum litoribus, Tac. A. 2, 24: aestas … aperto circum pelago peramoena, id. ib. 4, 67: gentibus innumeris circum infraque relictis, Ov. M. 4, 668; Stat. Achill. 1, 56: corpus servans circumque supraque vertitur, id. Th. 9, 114; Albin. Carm. ap. Maecen. 46.
- II. Prep. with acc.
- A. Around, abow (implying a complete circuit): armillas quattuor facito, quas circum orbem indas, Cato, R. R. 21, 4: terra circum axem se summā celeritate convertit, Cic. Ac. 2, 39, 123; Quint. 2, 17, 19 Zumpt N. cr.: ligato circum collum sudario, Suet. Ner. 51: terque novas circum felix eat hostia fruges, Verg. G. 1, 345: at genitor circum caput omne micantes Deposuit radios, Ov. M. 2, 40.
- B. As in adv. B., of an incomplete circuit, about, upon, around, near: capillus sparsus, promissus, circum caput Rejectus neglegenter, Ter. Heaut. 2, 3, 49: flexo circum cava tempora cornu, Ov. M. 7, 313; 10, 116; 11, 159: tum Salii ad cantus incensa altaria circum adsunt, Verg. A. 8, 285: varios hic flumina circum Fundit humus flores, on the borders of the rivulets, id. E. 9, 40: urgeris turbā circum te stante, Hor. S. 1, 3, 135; cf. id. C. 2, 16, 33: circum renidentes Lares, id. Epod. 2, 66; Verg. G. 2, 484; cf. Luc. 2, 557: illi indignantes Circum claustra fremunt, Verg. A. 1, 56: oras et litora circum errantem, id. ib. 3, 75.
- C. Circum very freq. expresses, not a relative motion around a given central point, but an absol. circular movement, in which several objects named form separate points of a periphery, in, into, among … around, to … around, etc.: te adloquor, Quae circum vicinos vages, Plaut. Mil. 2, 5, 14: ego Arpini volo esse pridie Cal., deinde circum villulas nostras errare, not round about our villas, but in our villas around, Cic. Att. 8, 9, 3; cf Hor. S. 1, 6, 58: tum Naevius pueros circum amicos dimittit, to friends around, Cic. Quint. 6, 25; Suet. Ner. 47: cum praetorem circum omnia fora sectaretur, Cic. Verr 2, 2, 70, § 169: Apronius ducebat eos circum civitates, id. ib. 2, 3, 26, § 65: ille circum hospites cursabat, id. ib. 2, 4, 19, § 41: lenonem quondam Lentuli concursare circum tabernas, id. Cat. 4, 8, 17: dimissis circum municipia litteris, Caes. B. C. 3, 22: circum oram maritimam misit, ut, etc., Liv. 29, 24, 9: legatio sub idem tempus in Asiam et circum insulas missa, id. 42, 45, 1; Suet. Aug. 64; id. Caes. 41; id. Calig. 28; 41; Hor. S. 2, 3, 281; id. Ep 1, 1, 49: et te circum omnes alias irata puellas Differet, to or among all the other maidens around, Prop. 1, 4, 21
- D. With the prevailing idea of neighborhood, vicinity, in the environs of, in the vicinity of, at, near: circum haec loca commorabor, Cic. Att. 3, 17, 2; Pompei ib. 8, 12, C, 1 exercitu in foro et in omnibus templis, quae circum forum sunt, conlocato, Cic. Opt. Gen. 4, 10: urbes, quae circum Capuam sunt, id. Agr. 1, 7, 20: cum tot essent circum hastam illam, id. Phil. 2, 26, 64 Wernsd. N. cr.: non succurrit tibi, quamdiu circum Bactra haereas? Curt. 7, 8, 21, Tac. A. 4, 74.
- E. Of persons who surround one (as attendants, friends, etc.); in Gr.περι or ἀμφί τινα: paucae, quae circum illam essent, Ter. Eun. 3, 5, 33; Cic. Att. 9, 9, 4: omnium flagitiorum atque facinorum circum se tamquam stipatorum catervas habebat, Sall. C. 14, 1; cf. id. ib. 26, 4: Hectora circum, Verg. A. 6, 166.
Circum pedes for ad pedes, of servants in attendance, is rare, Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 36, § 92; v ad, I. D. 3. b.—
Note: Circum is sometimes placed after its subst., Varr. L. L. 5, § 31 Müll., Lucr 1, 937; 4, 220; 6, 427; Cic. N. D. 2, 41, 105; Verg. E. 8, 12; 8, 74; 9, 40; id. A. 1, 32; 2, 515; 2, 564; 3, 75: 6, 166; 6, 329; 9, 440; Tib. 1, 1, 23; 1, 5, 51; Stat. Th. 3, 395.
- III. In composition the m remains unchanged before consonants; before vowels it was, acc. to Prisc. p. 567 P., and Cassiod. p. 2294 ib., written in like manner, but (except before j and v) not pronounced. Yet in the best MSS. we find the orthography circuitio, circuitus, and even circueo together with circumeo; cf. Neue, Formenl. 2, p. 736 sq.
Signif.,
- a. Acc. to II. A.: circumcido, circumcludo, circumculco, circumfluo, circumfodio, circumfundo, etc.
- b. Acc. to II. B.: circumcolo, circumflecto, circumjaceo, circumicio.
- c. Acc. to II. C.: circumcellio, circumcurso, circumduco, circumfero, circumforaneus.
In many compounds, circum has sometimes one and sometimes another signif., as in circumdo, circumeo, circumsisto, etc.; v. h. vv.—
Note: With verbs compounded with circum, this preposition is never repeated before the following object; e. g. circumcursare circum aliquid and similar phrases are not found.
circumactĭo, ōnis, f. [circumago].
- I. Lit., a turning around, revolving (very rare): solis, Vitr. 9, 9, 15; Mart. Cap. 8, § 885.
- * II. Trop., of discourse, a turning, turn, compass, Gell. 17, 20, 4.
1. circumactus, a, um, Part. and P. a., from circumago, q. v. fin.
2. circumactus, ūs, m. [circumago], a moving or turning round (post-Aug.): assiduus caeli, Sen. Q. N. 7, 2, 2; Censor. de Die Nat. 23: corporis, Plin. 8, 30, 44, § 105; 8, 50, 76, § 201: rotarum, id. 28, 9, 37, § 141.
circum-aggĕro, no perf., ātum, 1, v. a., to heap up around (very rare): terram, Col. 5, 12, 3: fimo radices, Plin. 19, 5, 23, § 68.
circum-ăgo, ēgi, actum, 3, v. a.
- I. To drive or turn in a circle, turn round (most freq. since the Aug. per.; not in Cic. or Quint.): impera suovetaurilia circumagi, Cato, R. R. 141, 1.
And with two acc. (on account of circum): terram fundumque meum suovetaurilia circumagi jussi, Cato, R. R. 141, § 2: (annus) qui solstitiali circumagitur orbe, Liv. 1, 19, 6: chamaeleonis oculos ipsos circumagi totos tradunt, Plin. 11, 37, 55, § 152.
Act. in mid. sense (very rare): Aegeum pelagus summotas terras hinc ad promunturium, quod Sunium vocatur, magno ambitu mollique circumagit, rolls around, surrounds, Mel. 2, 2, 8.
- 2. To drive around, produce by going around: pinctis bobus … aratro circumagebant sulcum, Varr. L. L. 5, § 143 Müll.
Hence,
- B. T. t., to manumit a slave by turning him round. since the slave, in such a case, was taken by his master with the right hand, and turned around in a circle (cf. vertigo, Casaub. Pers. 5, 75 sq., and Dict. of Antiq.); fig.: qui se illi (philosophiae) subjecit et tradidit, statim circumagitur: hoc enim ipsum philosophiae servire libertas est, Sen. Ep. 8, 6.
- C. Trop.
- 1. Of time, with se, or more freq. in pass, to pass away, to be spent (so most freq. in temp. perf. and in Liv.): in ipso conatu rerum circumegit se annus, Liv. 9, 18, 14: sed prius se aestas circumegit, quam, etc., id. 23, 39, 4: prius circumactus est annus, quam, etc., id. 6, 38, 1: circumactis decem et octo mensibus, id. 9, 33, 3; 6, 1, 4; 26, 40, 1; 27, 30, 11; 44, 36, 1; Plin. 7, 16, 17, § 76; and in tmesis: circum tribus actis annis, Lucr. 5, 881.
In temp. pres.: annus, qui solstitiali circumagitur orbe, Liv. 1, 19, 6: nobis in apparatu ipso annus circumagitur, id. 24, 8, 8.
- 2. Of the vicissitudes of fortune, etc.: cum videamus tot varietates tam volubili orbe circumagi, Plin. Ep. 4, 24, 6.
- II. To turn, turn about, wheel around: equos frenis, Liv. 1, 14, 9; 8, 7, 10; 10, 11, 1; Curt. 3, 11, 14 sq.: collum in aversam se, Plin. 11, 47, 107, § 256: corpora, Tac. H. 4, 29: se ad dissonos clamores, Liv. 4, 28, 2: circumagitur, cum venit, imago (in speculis), Lucr. 4, 316 (340): circumagente se vento, Liv. 37, 16, 4: aciem, id. 42, 64, 5: signa, id. 10, 36, 9; 6, 24, 7; Curt. 4, 6, 14: ut qui (milites) ultimi stabant … verti tamen et in frontem circumagi possent, id. 4, 13, 32: se, to turn about, Plin. 6, 31, 36, § 199; 16, 41, 80, § 220: legiones, to lead back, Flor. 3, 21, 6.
Hence, prov.: circumagetur hic orbis, the tide will turn, Liv. 42, 42, 6; cf.’ praecipua cenationum rotunda, quae perpetuo diebus ac noctibus vice mundi circumageretur, Suet. Ner. 31.
- 2. Esp., to agitate, disturb: verna (mala) stomacho inutilia sunt, alvom, vesicam circumagunt, Plin. 23, 6, 54, § 100.
- B. Trop.: hic paululum circumacta fortuna est, changes, is changed, Flor. 2, 2, 22: sed unā voce, quā Quirites eos pro militibus appellarat, tam facile circumegit et flexit, Suet. Caes. 70: quo te circumagas? whither will you now turn? Juv. 9, 81: universum prope humanum genus circumegit in se, brought over to his side, Plin. 26, 3, 7, § 13.
- III. (Acc. to circum, II. C.) To run or drive about, proceed from one place to another: (milites) huc illuc clamoribus hostium circumagi, Tac. H, 3, 73: nil opus est te Circumagi, i. e. that you wander about with me, * Hor. S. 1, 9, 17.
- B. Trop.: non pendere ex alterius vultu ac nutu, nec alieni momentis animi circumagi, Liv. 39, 5, 3: rumoribus vulgi circumagi, id. 44, 34, 4; 26, 8, 3.
- IV. Aliquem aliquā re = circumdare, to surround with something: fratrem Saturnum muro, Lact. 1, 14.
Hence, circumactus, a, um, P. a., bent around, curved (perh. only in the two Plin.): in orbem circumactus, Plin. 9, 33, 52, § 102; 15, 14, 15, § 51; 16, 34, 62, § 146: sensim circumactis curvatisque litoribus, Plin. Ep. 6, 16, 12.
* circum-ambŭlo, āre, v. a., to walk around: omnes glebas, Dig. 41, 2, 3, § 1.
circum-ămictus, a, um, adj. [amicio], enveloped, invested (eccl. Lat.), Vulg. Apoc. 4, 4.
circum-ăro, āre, v. a., to plough around, Liv. 2, 10, 12; Plin. 18, 3, 3, § 9.
circum-caesūra, or separate, cir-cum caesūra, ae, f., the external contour or outline ( = circumscriptio), Lucr. 3, 220; 4, 645; Arn. 3, p. 107.
circum-calco (in MSS. also cir-cumculco), āre, v. a., to tread or trample upon all around: codicem, Col. 5, 6, 21; id. 5, 6, 21, § 8: terminos, Sicul. Flac. p. 6.
Circumcellĭo, ōnis, m. [cella].
- I. A class of monks, who, without fixed abode, wandered about from cell to cell, Aug. in Psa. 132.
- II. A class of heretics, Hier. Ep. 22, 15; Isid. Orig. 8, 5, 53.
circumcīdānĕus, a, um, adj. [circumcīdo], prop., of or from cutting or paring around: mustum, wine pressed out after the ordinary pressing, when the husks and stems remaining in the press had been cut around, Cato, R. R. 23, 4; cf. Plin. 14, 20, 25, § 124 sq.; Col. 12, 36; the same, called mustum circumcisicium or circumcisitum, Varr. R. R. 1, 54, 3.
circum-cīdo, cīdi, cīsum, 3, v. a. [caedo],
- I. to cut around, cut, clip, trim (orig. in agriculture; syn.: amputo, reseco): ars agricolarum, quae circumcidat, amputet, erigat, etc., Cic. Fin. 5, 14, 39: gemmam acuto scalpello circumcidito … ejusdem spatii corticem circumcidito, Col. Arb. 26, 8; 12, 36: latera scrobis, id. 5, 9, 9: arbores ad medullam, Plin. 16, 39, 74, § 191: aciem, Lucr. 3, 412: caespitem gladiis, Caes. B. G. 5, 42: ungues, Cels. 7, 26, 2: volnus, Plin. 25, 5, 25, § 61: genitalia (Judaeorum), to circumcise, Tac. H. 5, 5; cf. Petr. 102, 14; Gell. 17, 15, 7; Cels. 7, 25 init.
- II. Trop., to cut off, shorten, diminish, abridge, circumscribe (very freq. in prose; syn.: amputo, reseco, demo, aufero): testatur saepe Chrysippus, tres solas esse sententias, quae defendi possint, de finibus bonorum: circumcidit et amputat multitudinem, Cic. Ac. 2, 45, 138; so with amputo, id. de Or. 1, 15, 65; id. Fin. 1, 13, 44: sumptus circumcisi aut sublati, Liv. 32, 27, 4; so, impensam funeri, Phaedr. 4, 19, 25: circumcisā omni negotiosā actione, Cels. 4, 25: circumcidendum vinum est in totum annum, to be abstained from, id. 4, 20.
Of discourse, to lop or cut off, to remove: circumcisis rebus, quae non arbitror pertinere ad agriculturam, Varr. R. R. 1, 1, 11: circumcidat, si quid redundabit, Quint. 10, 2, 28; 4, 2, 42 Spald.: (oratio) rotunda et undique circumcisa, id. 8, 5, 27; 10, 1, 104: ineptas quaestiones, Sen. Contr. 2, 11.
Hence, cir-cumcīsus, a, um, P. a., lit. cut off around, cut off; hence,
- A. Of localities = abscisus, abruptus, cut off from connection with the region around, steep, precipitous, inaccessible: saxum, Cic. Rep. 2, 6, 11: Henna ab omni aditu circumcisa atque directa, id. Verr. 2, 4, 48, § 107: collis ex omni parte circumcisus, Caes. B. G. 7, 36.
- B. Trop., abridged, short, brief (so prob. not before the Aug. per.): quid enim tam circumcisum, tam breve, quam hominis vita longissima? Plin. Ep. 3, 7, 11.
Of discourse: circumcisae orationes et breves, Plin. Ep. 1, 20, 4; cf. supra, Quint. 8, 5, 27.
Adv.: circumcīsē, briefly: rem ante oculos ponere circumcise atque velociter, Quint. 8, 3, 81; * Suet. Rhet. 6; Macr. 5, 1.
circum-cingo, ĕre, v. a., to enclose around, surround: quā Mons Apenninus regiones Italiae Etruriaeque circumcingit, Vitr. 2, 6, 5: eum zonā gloriae, Vulg. Ecclus. 45, 9: PORTICVS, Inscr. Orell. 4043.
In part. pres., Cels. 7, 15: telis circumcingentibus, Sil. 10, 2.
circum-circā, adv., a strengthened circum or circa, all around (cf. the Heb. [??] [??], Vulg. Ezech. 40, 5; the Gr. ἀμφὶ τερί; and our round about—very rare, perh. only in the foll. exs.; and acc. to Serg. ap. Don. p. 1855 P. also in Cato): ubi erat haec defossa, occoepit scalpturire ibi ungulis circumcirca, * Plaut. Aul. 3, 4, 9: coepi regiones circumcirca prospicere, Sulp. ap. Cic. Fam. 4, 5, 4; Auct. B. Hisp. 41; App. M. 11, p. 258, 23; cf. Prisc. p. 989 sq. P.; Serg. ap. Don. 1. 1.; Hand, Turs. II. p. 73.
circumcirco, āre, v. n., = circumeo, to go round: regiones, Amm. 31, 2, 23 Eyssenh.; dub. (al. circumcurrunt).
circumcīsē, adv., v. circumcido, P. a. fin.
circumcīsicius or -tius, v. circumcidaneus.
circumcīsĭo, ōnis, f. [circumcido], a cutting around, circumcision, physical and moral (only in eccl. Lat.): carnis, cordis, spiritūs, Lact. 4, 17, 1 sqq.; Tert. adv. Jud. 2; 3 et saep.
* circumcīsōrĭum, ii, n. [circumcido], an instrument for cutting around, Veg. Vet. 1, 26, 2; cf. id. ib. 2, 28, 31.
* circumcīsūra, ae, f. [circumcido], a cutting around: arborum, Plin. 16, 40, 79, § 219.
circumcīsus, a, um, v. circumcido, P. a.
circum-clāmo, āre, v. a., to roar around, poet. of the raging waves: ora circumclamata procellis, Sid. Carm. 2, 506.
circum-claudo, ĕre, 3, v. a. (postclass. collat. form of circumcludo), to shut in: farinā circumclaudendus locus, Cael. Aur. Tard. 4, 7, 103.
circum-clūdo, si, sum, 3, v. a. [claudo],
- I. to shut in, enclose on every side (in good class. prose): ne duobus circumcluderetur exercitibus, Caes. B. C. 3, 30; cf. * Suet. Tib. 20; Auct. B. Hisp. 6: cornua ab labris argento, to surround with a rim of silver, Caes. B. G. 6, 28 fin.; Plin. 18, 35, 78, § 344: SEPVLCRVM MACERIIS, Inscr. Orell. 4349.
- II. Trop.: L. Catilina consiliis, laboribus, periculis meis circumclusus ac debilitatus, hemmed in, Cic. Cat. 2, 7, 14: aliquem suis praesidiis, suā diligentiā, id. ib. 1, 3, 7; Cod. Just. 6, 51, 1 pr.
* circumcŏla, ae, comm. [circumcolo], dwelling around: gentes, Tert. adv. Gnost. 3 fin.
circum-cŏlo, ĕre, v. a., to dwell round about or near: sinum maris, Liv. 5, 33, 10: paludem, id. 31, 41, 4; absol., Dig. 43, 12, 1; cf. ib. 43, 13, 1: Amazones circumcolunt Tanain, Amm. 22, 8, 27: insulam, id. 22, 8, 43.
circum-cordĭālis, e, adj., around the heart (post-class.): calor, Tert. Anim. 43: sanguis, id. ib. 15.
circumculco, āre, v. circumcalco.
circum-cŭmŭlo, āre, 1, v. a., to heap or pile up around: exanimes circumcumulantur acervi, Stat. Th. 10, 655.
circum-curro, ĕre, v. n.,
- I. to run round or about (not ante-Aug.), Vitr. 4, 6: circumcurrens linea, the periphery, Quint. 1, 10, 41.
- * II. Trop.: eam artem (rhetoricen) circumcurrentem vocaverunt. quod in omni materiā diceret, universal, Quint. 2, 21, 7.
circumcursĭo, ōnis, f. [circumcurro], a running around (late Lat.), App. M. 9, p. 222, 41.
circum-curso, āre, v. freq. a. and n., to run round about, to run about in, at, or near something (ante- and post-class.; in Cic. Fam. 7, 1, 5, more recent editt. read concursare); act.: omnia, * Plaut. Rud. 1, 4, 4: aliquam hinc illinc, * Cat. 68, 133.
Absol.: hac illac, * Ter. Heaut. 3, 2, 1: atria versari et circumcursare columnae … uti pueris videantur, Lucr. 4, 400: per omnes portas, Lact. 6, 12 (in paraphr. of Cic.).
circumdătĭo, ōnis, f. [circumdo], the putting around: auri, Vulg. 1 Pet. 3, 3.
circum-do, dĕdi, dătum, dăre, v. a., lit. to put, set, or place around, i. e. both to wrap around (e. g. a mantle). and also to enclose (e. g. a town with a wall; syn.: cingo, vestio, saepio, circumvallo al.), with a twofold construction (cf. Zumpt, Gr. § 418).
- I. Aliquid (alicui rei), to place something around something, to put, set around, etc. (class. in prose and poetry).
- (α) With dat.: aër omnibus est rebus circumdatus appositusque, Lucr. 6, 1035: moenibus subjectos prope jam ignes circumdatosque restinximus, Cic. Cat. 3, 1, 2: circumdare fossam latam cubiculari lecto, id. Tusc. 5, 20, 59: satellites armatos contioni, Liv. 34, 27, 5: hinc patre hinc Catulo lateri circumdatis, Romam rediit, i. e. one on each side, id. 30, 19, 9; 3, 28, 2: milites sibi, Tac. A. 13, 25: arma umeris, Verg. A. 2, 510: licia tibi, id. E. 8, 74: vincula collo, Ov. M. 1, 631: bracchia collo, id. ib. 9, 459; 9, 605; 6, 479; and in tmesis: collo dare bracchia circum, Verg. A. 6, 700 (cf. the simplex: bracchia cervici dare, Hor. C. 3, 9, 3): lectis aulaea purpura, Curt. 9, 7, 15: cum maxime in hostiam itineri nostro circumdatam intuens, i. e. divided, and part placed on each side of the way, Liv. 40, 13, 4.
- (β) Without a dat.: caedere januam saxis, ligna et sarmenta circumdare ignemque subicere coeperunt, Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 27, § 69; 2, 1, 31, § 80: ignes, id. Pis. 38, 93: custodias, id. Cat. 4, 4, 8: armata circumdatur Romana legio, Liv. 1, 28, 3: exercitu circumdato summā vi Cirtam irrumpere nititur, Sall. J. 25, 9: circumdatae stationes, Tac. A. 1, 50: murus circumdatus, Caes. B. G. 1, 38: turris toto opere circumdedit, id. ib. 7, 72: circumdato vallo, Curt. 3, 2, 2: lauream (sc. capiti), Suet. Vit. 9.
Subst.: circumdăti, ōrum, m., those around, the surrounding soldiers: circumdatos Antonius adloquitur, Tac. H. 3, 63.
With an abl. loci: toto oppido munitiones, Hirt. B. G. 8, 34 fin.: equites cornibus, Liv. 33, 18, 9; and without dat., Tac. A. 14, 53.
With two accs.: circumdare terram radices, Cato, R. R. 114; and per tmesin, id. ib. 157.
- B. Trop. (most freq. in Tac.): cancelli, quos mihi ipse circumdedi, Cic. Quint. 10, 36: nescio an majora vincula majoresque necessitates vobis quam captivis vestris fortuna circumdederit, Liv. 21, 43, 3: egregiam famam paci circumdedit, i. e. conferred, imparted, Tac. Agr. 20; cf.: principatus inanem ei famam, id. H. 4, 11; id. Or. 37: principi ministeria, id. H. 2, 59; id. A. 14, 15.
In a Greek construction: infula virgineos circumdata comptus, encompassing, Lucr. 1, 88; Tac. H. 4, 45; id. A. 16, 25.
- II. Aliquem or aliquid (aliquā re), to surround some person or thing (with something), to encompass, enclose, encircle with.
- A. Lit.
- 1. In gen.: animum (deus) circumdedit corpore et vestivit extrinsecus, Cic. Univ. 6 fin.; cf.: aether corpore concreto circumdatus undique, Lucr. 5, 469: portum moenibus, Nep. Them. 6, 1: regio insulis circumdata, Cic. Fl. 12, 27: villam statione, Tac. A. 14, 8: suam domum spatio, id. G. 16: collis operibus, id. A. 6, 41: vallo castra, id. H. 4, 57: Othonem vexillis, id. ib. 1, 36: canibus saltus, Verg. E. 10, 57: circumdato me bracchiis: meum collum circumplecte, Plaut. As. 3, 3, 106: collum filo, Cat. 64, 377: (aurum) circumdatum argento, Cic. Div. 2, 65, 134: furvis circumdatus alis Somnus, * Tib. 2, 1, 89: ad talos stola demissa et circumdata palla, Hor. S. 1, 2, 99: circumdedit se zonā, Suet. Vit. 16: circumdata corpus amictu, Ov. M. 4, 313; cf. id. ib. 3, 666: tempora vittis, id. ib. 13, 643: Sidoniam picto chlamydem circumdata limbo, Verg. A. 4, 137.
- 2. Esp. of a hostile surrounding, to surround, encompass, invest, besiege, etc.: oppidum vallo et fossā, Cic. Fam. 15, 4, 10: oppidum quinis castris, Caes. B. C. 3, 9: cum legati … multitudine domum ejus circumdedissent, Nep. Hann. 12, 4: vallo atque fossā moenia circumdat, Sall. J. 23, 1: oppidum coronā, Liv. 4, 47, 5: quos (hostes) primo Camillus vallo circumdare est adortus, id. 6, 8, 9: fossā valloque urbem, id. 25, 22, 8: fossā duplicique vallo circumdatā urbe, id. 28, 3, 5: hostes exercitu toto, Curt. 3, 8, 4.
- B. Trop.: omni autem totam figuram mundi levitate circumdedit, Cic. Univ. 6 init.: exiguis quibusdam finibus oratoris munus circumdedisti, have confined, circumscribed, id. de Or. 1, 62, 264; cf.: minus octoginta annis circumdatum aevum, Vell. 1, 17, 2: pueritiam robore, Tac. A. 12, 25: fraude, Sil. 7, 134; cf. id. 12, 477: monstrorum novitate, Quint. Decl. 18, 1.
* circum-dŏlĕo, ēre, v. n., to suffer on every side: spiratio circumdolens; acc. to Forcellini: circum, seu undique, vel ab omni parte angens, i.e. very painful, Cael. Aur. Acut. 2, 14, 92.
circum-dŏlo, āre, v. a.,
- I. to hew off around, Plin. 16, 32, 57, § 133.
- II. Trop.: qui, tamquam bonus animi faber, vitia nostra circumdolat, Ambros. in Luc. 3, 2.
circum-dūco, xi, ctum, 3, v. a. (imper. circumduce, Plaut. As. 1, 1, 83; id. Most. 3, 2, 159; id. Mil. 2, 2, 66), to lead or draw around (class.; esp. freq. in milit. lang.; in Cic. perh. only once).
- I. Prop.: circumduce exercitum, Plaut. Mil. 2, 2, 66; cf. Liv. 1, 27, 8; 8, 13, 8: miles aliquo circumducitur, Plaut. Truc. 4, 4, 21: quattuor cohortibus longiore itinere circumductis, Caes. B. G. 3, 26: alas ad latus Samnitium, Liv. 10, 29, 9: agmen per invia circa, etc., id. 21, 36, 4: pars devio saltu circumducta, id. 41, 19, 8; cf. id. 36, 24, 8: captos Vitellii exploratores circumductos, ut robora exercitus noscerent, remittendo, Tac. H. 3, 54: aliquem per totam civitatem, Petr. 141.
Also like the simple verb absol.: praeter castra hostium circumducit, marches around, avoids, Liv. 34, 14, 1: aliquem vicatim, Suet. Calig. 35: per coetus epulantium, id. ib. 32: quosdam per organa hydraulica, id. Ner. 41.
With two accs.: eho istum, puer, circumduce hasce aedis et conclavia, Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 159: quos Pompeius … omnia sua praesidia circumduxit atque ostentavit, Caes. B. C. 3, 61 Kraner ad loc.; cf. Verg. A. 6, 517 sq.
And in tmesis: circum in quaestus ducere Asinum, Phaedr. 4, 1, 4.
- B. Of things: Casilinum coloniam deduxisti, ut vexillum tolleres, ut aratrum circumduceres (as usu. in founding a new city; v. aratrum), * Cic. Phil. 2, 40, 102; cf.: oppida, quae prius erant circumducta aratro, Varr. L. L. 5, § 143 Müll.: bracchium (v. bracchium), Auct. B. Hisp. 6; Suet. Claud. 20: flumen Dubis, ut circino circumductum, paene totum oppidum cingit, Caes. B. G. 1, 38: utro modo vero id circumductum est (of a round hole), Cels. 8, 3, 16: litteras subicere et circumducere, i. e. when a line is filled, to place the remaining letters of a word below the line, and draw circular marks around them, to indicate that they belong above, Suet. Aug. 87 fin.; cf. Serv. ad Verg. A. 3, 204 and 226: umbra hominis lineis circumducta, i.e. represented by outlines, sketched, Plin. 35, 3, 5, § 15.
- II. Trop.
- A. In conversat. language, aliquem aliqua re or absol., to deceive, cheat, impose upon (syn.: circumvenio, decipio, fraudo, fallo): aliquem argento, Plaut. Ps. 2, 2, 39; 1, 5, 16: quadrigentis Philippis filius me et Chrusalus circumduxerunt, id. Bacch. 5, 2, 64; cf. id. ib. 2, 3, 77: quā me potes, circumduce, aufer, id. As. 1, 1, 84; id. Poen. 5, 5, 8; 5, 2, 16; id. Ps. 1, 5, 115; Dig. 42, 33, 1 al.
- B. Of discourse, to use circumlocution, to prolong: cum sensus unus longiore ambitu circumducitur, Quint. 9, 4, 124; cf. id. 10, 2, 17.
- C. In prosody, to speak drawlingly, to drawl out; only in Quint. 11, 3, 172; 12, 10, 33; 1, 5, 23 Spald. and Zumpt.
- D. In jurid. Lat., to draw lines around a law, i. e. to cancel, annul, abrogate (cf. cancello, II., and circumscribo, II. D.), Dig. 5, 1, 73; 40, 12, 27; 49, 1, 22.
circumductĭo, ōnis, f. [circumduco].
- I. A leading or conducting around: aquarum, Vitr. 8, 6, 5 sq.: sphaerae, the circumference, Hyg. Astr. 1, 2; of a person, Cod. Th. 4, 8, 1.
- II. Trop.
- * A. A cheating, defrauding: argenti, Plaut. Capt. Caterv. 3.
- B. The expansion of a thought, a period, only in Quint. 11, 3, 39; 9, 4, 118.
circumductor, ōris, m. [circumduco], one who leads about, converts another, Tert. adv. Val. 10.
* circumductum, i, n. [circumduco, II. B.]; in rhet., a period, Quint. 9, 4, 22.
1. circumductus, a, um, Part., from circumduco.
2. circumductus, ūs, m. [circumduco].
- I. The circumference of a figure, Quint. 1, 10, 43.
- * II. Motion in a circle, a revolution: orbium, Macr. Somn. Scip. 2, 1, 5.
circŭm-ĕo or circŭĕŏ (v. circum, III.; Neue, Formenl. 2, p. 736 sq.), īvi or ii, circuĭtum, īre (inf. pass. circumirier, Plaut. Curc. 3, 81), v. n. and a.
- I. Prop., to go around, travel or march around, etc. (class.): sparsis Medea capillis Bacchantum ritu flagrantes circuit aras, Ov. M. 7, 258: per hortum circuit, makes a circuit, Plaut. As. 3, 3, 152; cf. Nep. Eum. 9, 2: si rectum limitem rupti torrentibus pontes inciderint, circumire cogemur, Quint. 2, 13, 16: an quasi mare omnes circumimus insulas? i. e. from one to another (cf. circum, II. C.), Plaut. Men. 2, 1, 6: alvearia, Col. 9, 9: fines equis, id. 1, 3: praedia, Cic. Caecin. 32, 94: haec una opera circuit per familias, Plaut. Truc. 2, 4, 53: qui imperavit ei, ut omnes fores aedificii circumiret, Nep. Hann. 12, 4: urbem, Liv. 23, 25, 2: Marcio et Atilio Epirus, Aetolia et Thessalia circumeundae assignantur … Lentuli circumeuntes Peloponnesi oppida, etc., id. 42, 37, 3 and 7: haud ignarus erat circuitam ab Romanis eam (Hispaniam) legatis, id. 21, 22, 1: Civilis avia Belgarum circumibat, Tac. H. 4, 70: manibus nexis trunci modum, to surround, Ov. M. 8, 748: non potuere uno anno circumirier, Plaut. Curc. 3, 81: proximis insulis circuitis, Suet. Aug. 98: equites circumitis hostium castris Crasso renuntiaverunt, Caes. B. G. 3, 25: circuitis templis, Suet. Ner. 19 al.: at pater omnipotens ingentia moenia caeli Circuit, Ov. M. 2, 402: circueunt unum Phineus et mille secuti Phinea, surround, id. ib. 5, 157 (cf. circum, II. E.): Leucada continuam veteres habuere coloni; nunc freta circumeunt, flow around it, id. ib. 15, 290: more lupi oves, id. P. 1, 2, 20: metam ferventi rotā, avoids, id. A. A. 3, 396.
- B. Esp.
- 1. To surround, encircle, enclose, encompass.
- (α) Esp. in milit. lang.: totam urbem muro turribusque circumiri posse, Caes. B. C. 2, 16: aciem, sinistrum cornu, id. ib. 3, 93 sq.: multitudine circumiri, Nep. Them. 3, 2; id. Dat. 7, 3; Liv. 41, 26, 4; Gall. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 30, 4: ab iisdem acies Pompeiana a sinistrā parte erat circumita, Caes. B. C. 3, 94.
- (β) In gen., absol.: quae circumibit linea, ejusdem spatii erit, cujus ea quae centum continet, Quint. 1, 10, 44.
With acc.: extremas oleis pacalibus oras (Pallas), Ov. M. 6, 101: cujus non hederae circumiere caput, Prop. 2 (3), 5, 26.
- 2. To go from one to another, soliciting, canvassing, admonishing, etc., qs. to go the rounds (stronger than ambire, which signif. to go to this one and that; most freq. after the Aug. per.; in Cic. perh. only once, in his epistt.): itaque prenso amicos, supplico, ambio domos stationesque circumeo, Plin. Ep. 2, 9, 5: (Antonium) circumire veteranos, ut acta Caesaris sancirent, Cic. Att. 14, 21, 2; Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 11, 2: Quinctilius circumire aciem Curionis atque obsecrare milites coepit, Caes. B. C. 2, 28: sed ipse Romulus circumibat docebatque, Liv. 1, 9, 14; 1, 47, 7; 3, 47, 2: ille Persarum tabernacula circumire, hortari, Curt. 5, 9, 17; Tac. A. 2, 29; Plin. Pan. 69, 2; Suet. Aug. 56; id. Tib. 11: rex agmen circuibat pedes, Curt. 7, 3, 17; cf.: cui orbem terrarum circumire non erit longum meā causā, Plin. Ep. 7, 16, 4; 2, 9, 5.
- II. Trop.
- A. To surround, enclose: totius belli fluctibus circumiri, Cic. Phil. 18, 9, 20: ne superante numero et peritiā locorum circumiretur, Tac. Agr. 25 fin.; Stat. S. 4, 4, 26.
- B. Like our circumvent, to deceive, impose upon, cheat, Plaut. Ps. 3, 2, 109: facinus indignum, Sic circumiri, Ter. Phorm. 4, 3, 9: puerum arte dolosā, Mart. 8, 59, 14.
- C. Of discourse, to express by circumlocution (postAug.): res plurimae carent appellationibus, ut eas necesse sit transferre aut circumire, Quint. 12, 10, 34; 8, prooem. § 24 Spald.; 8, 2, 17: Vespasiani nomen suspensi et vitabundi circumibant, went around, avoided mentioning it, Tac. H. 3, 37.
* circŭm-ĕquĭto, āre, v. a., to ride round: moenia, Liv. 10, 34, 7.
circŭm-erro, āre, v. n., to wander round, stroll about: neque turba lateri circumerrat, Sen. Contr. 2, 9, 7: tempora (of the revolution of Saturn in his orbit), to pass through, App. de Mundo, p. 71, 11.
* circum-farcĭo, no perf., fartus, 4, v. a., to fill up all around, to stuff, Plin. 17, 13, 21, § 98.
circumfĕrentĭa, ae, f. [circumfero], a circumference (post-class.): sedilium, App. Flor. 18, p. 359; Mart. Cap. 8, § 817; Front. Expos. Form. p. 33 Goes.
circum-fĕro, tŭli, lātum, ferre, v. a. to bear round, or, in gen., to move or carry round or about (class. in prose and poetry).
- I. Prop.: age circumfer mulsum, pass around, Plaut. Pers. 5, 2, 45: satiatis vino ciboque poculum … circumferetur, Liv. 26, 13, 18: circumferri vinum largius jubet, Curt. 7, 4, 7: hisce (poculis) etiam nunc in publico convivio potio circumfertur, Varr. L. L. 5, § 122 Müll.: sanguinem in pateris, Sall. C. 22, 1; Flor. 4, 1, 4 Duker: circa ea omnia templa Philippum infestos circumtulisse ignes, Liv. 31, 30, 7: reliquias cenae, Suet. Galb. 22: lyram in conviviis, Quint. 1, 10, 19: codicem, Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 42, § 104: filium suis manibus, Quint. 2, 15, 8: diuque arma circumferens alia tela clipeo excipiebat, corpore alia vitabat, Curt. 6, 1, 4: ter heros Immanem circumfert tegmine silvam, Verg. A. 10, 887: pavimenta in expeditionibus, Suet. Caes. 46: ubique pellem vituli marini, id. Aug. 90.
Of books carried about for sale, Quint. 2, 13, 15; 2, 15, 4 al.: huc atque huc acies circumtulit, Verg. A. 12, 558; cf. oculos, to cast around, Ov. M. 6, 169; 15, 674; Liv. 2, 10, 8; 5, 41, 4; Curt. 6, 11, 36; Val. Max. 7, 2, ext. 2: vultus, Ov. M. 3, 241; Suet. Caes. 85.
Mid.: sol ut circumferatur, revolve, Cic. de Or. 3, 45, 178; cf.: linea circumferens, the circumference, Gromat. Vet. 5, 10: nec mirari hominem mercede conductum … ad nutum licentium circumferri, Curt. 5, 12, 2.
- II. Trop. (mostly in the poets and histt.), to spread around: bellum, Liv. 9, 41, 6; 9, 45, 17; 10, 17, 2; 28, 3, 1; Tac. A. 13, 37 (for which: spargere bellum, id. ib. 3, 21): belli umbram, Sil. 15, 316: et circumferentem arma Scipionem omnibus finitimis raptim perdomitis ipsam Carthaginem repente adgressurum credebant, Liv. 30, 9, 3; Flor. 1, pr. 2; 3, 12, 1: signa, id. 3, 5, 29: incendia et caedes et terrorem, Tac. A. 2, 52; cf.: terrorem nominis sui late, Flor. 2, 2, 21: Caesar circumferens terrarum orbi praesentia pacis suae bona, Vell. 2, 92, 2; Plin. Pan. 7, 5.
- B. Of a narrative or discourse, to publish abroad, proclaim, divulge, disseminate among the people, report (prob. nct ante-Aug.): ut circumferetur M. Philippi factum atque dictum, Col. 8, 16, 3; Plin. Ep. 3, 11, 1; 6, 8, 2: illud quidem ingens fama, haec nulla circumfert, id. ib. 3, 16, 13.
With acc. and inf.: novi aliquam, quae se circumferat esse Corinnam, Ov. Am. 2, 17, 29.
Hence, of writings: circumferri, to be widely circulated, Quint. 2, 13, 15; 2, 15, 4.
- C. In the lang. of religion, to lustrate, purify any one by carrying around him consecrated objects (torches, offerings, etc.) = lustrare, purgare: quaeso quin tu istanc jubes Pro cerritā circumferri? Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 144: aliquem pro larvato, id. Fragm. ap. Serv. ad Verg. A. 6, 229: tum ferto omnia sum circumlatus, Lucil. ap. Non. p. 261, 27: idem ter socios purā circumtulit undā, carried around pure water, i. e. for purification (poet. constr. for undam circum socios), Verg. A. 6, 229 Serv. and Wagn.; Veg. 3, 74.
- * D. In rhetoric: oratio deducta et circumlata, expanded, drawn out into periods, Quint. 4, 1, 60 Spald.
circum-fīgo, ĕre, v. a., to fix or fasten round (very rare): columellam cuneis, Cato, R. R. 20, 1: duo scelesti circumfiguntur Christo, Tert. adv. Marc. 4, 42.
* circum-fingo, ĕre, v. a., to form around: carnem alicui, Tert. Anim. 23.
* circum-fīnĭo, īre, v. a., to complete a circle, to bring to an end: annum, Sol. 3.
* circum-fīrmo, āre, v. a., to fasten round: vitem, Col. 4, 17, 7.
circum-flagro, āre, v. n., to blaze or scorch all around: per immensum circumflagrantibus Austris, Avien. Arat. 274.
circum-flecto, xi, xum, 3, v. a.,
- I. to bend or turn about (Verg. and post-class. writers); prop. of the charioteer in the circus; hence, transf.’ longos cursus, Verg. A. 5, 131; 3, 430.
- II. Trop.: circumflexa saecula, returning upon themselves, Claud. VI. Cons. Hon. 391: anceps labyrinthus et error circumflexus, full of windings and turnings, Prud. Apoth. 71.
- B. In later gram. t. t., to mark with a circumflex, to pronounce as long (in Quint., instead of it, circumducere, q. v.): penultimam, Gell. 4, 7, 2: syllaba circumflexa, id. 4, 7, 2, § 4; Diom. p. 425 P.; Prisc. p. 1287 ib. et saep.
Adv.: circum-flexē, with a circumflex: promere ( = pronuntiare) syllabam, Gell. 4, 7, 4: enuntiare syllabam, Porphyr. ad Hor. C. 4, 9, 1; id. ad Hor. S. 1, 1, 1.
circumflexē, adv., v. circumflecto fin.
circumflexĭbĭlis, e, adj. [circumflecto], provided with a circumflex accent (late Lat.), Excerpt. ex Macr. Diff. p. 235 Jan.
* circumflexĭo, ōnis, f. [circumflecto], a bending or winding round: obliqua circuli, Macr. Somn. Scip. 1, 12, 1.
1. circumflexus, a, um, Part., from circumflecto.
2. circumflexus, ūs, m. [circumflecto],
- I. a bending round, a vault, arch: mundi, Plin. 2, 1, 1, § 1: caeli, id. 6, 34, 39, § 212.
- II. A winding, circuit: qui (Tanais) per sinuosos labitur circumflexus, Amm. 22, 8, 27.
circum -flo, āre, v. n.,
- I. to blow round about; of the wind (very rare; in the class. per. only in the foll. exs.): circumflantibus Austris, Stat. Th. 11, 42.
- II. Trop.: ab omnibus ventis invidiae circumflari, to be assailed by every blast. of envy, * Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 41, § 98.
circum-flŭo, xi, 3, v. n. and
- I. a., to flow round (class. in prose and poetry).
- (α) Neutr.: in poculis repletis circumfluere quod supersit, flows over all around, Plin. 2, 65, 68, § 163; cf. Curt. 8, 8, 12.
- (β) Act.: utrumque latus circumfluit aequoris unda, Ov. M. 13, 779: Cariam circumfluunt Maeander et Orsinus, Plin. 5, 29, 29, § 108; cf.: cum aliae aquae subterfluant terras, aliae circumfluant, Sen. Q. N. 3, 30, 4; Dig. 41, 1, 30, § 2; Ov. M. 3, 74: cum (oceanus) omnis terras circumfluat, Gell. 12, 13, 20: Smyrna, quam circumfluit Meles fluvius, Mart. Cap. 6, § 686; Sen. Suas. 1, 4; 2, 5.
- II. Trop.
- A. In gen., to flock around, encompass, surround: mulos circumfluxisse (lupum) et ungulis caedendo eum occidisse, Varr. R. R. 2, 9, 2: circumfluxit nos cervorum, aprorum, etc., multitudo, id. ib. 3, 13, 3; cf. robora (dracones), Luc. 3, 421.
- B. To be present or exist in rich abundance, to abound, overflow: circumfluentibus undique eloquentiae copiis, * Quint. 12, 10, 78: circumfluentibus quietae felicitatis insignibus, Just. 18, 7, 10.
Also with acc. pers.: secundis rebus, quae circumfluunt vos, insanire coepistis, Curt. 10, 2, 2.
- C. Circumfluere aliquā re, like abundare, to overflow with, to have an abundance, to be rich in: omnibus copiis, atque in omnium rerum abundantiā vivere, Cic. Lael. 15, 52: circumfluens gloriā, id. Att. 2, 21, 3: Catilina circumfluens Arretinorum exercitu, id. Mur. 24, 49.
Also absol.: circumfluere atque abundare, Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 4, § 9: insatiabilis avaritiae est, adhuc inplere velle, quod jam circumfluit, Curt. 8, 8, 12.
Of too great copiousness of diction: nec redundans, nec circumfluens oratio, too copious, Cic. Brut. 55, 203.
circumflŭus, a, um, adj. [circumfluo] (poet. or in post-Aug. prose).
- I. Act., flowing around, circumfluent: umor, Ov. M. 1, 30: amnis, id. ib. 15, 739: mare, Plin. 2, 66, 66, § 166.
More freq.,
- II. Pass., flowed around, surrounded with water: insula, Ov. M. 15, 624: tellus Hadriaco ponto, Luc. 4, 407: Carthago pelago, Sil. 15, 220: urbs Ponto, Val. Fl. 5, 442: campi Euphrate et Tigre, * Tac. A. 6, 37: omnis circumfluo ambitu Pontus est, Amm. 22, 8, 46.
- B. In gen., surrounded, encircled: chlamys limbo Maeonio, Stat. Th. 6, 540: genitrix gemmis, Claud. IV. Cons. Hon. 138.
Fig.: mens luxu, Claud. Cons. Prob. et Olybr. 40.
circum -fŏdĭo, no perf., fossum, ĕre (inf. pass.: circumfodiri, Col. 5, 9, 12; cf. fodio), v. n. and a., to dig around something, dig about (agricultural t. t.).
- (α) Neutr., Cato, R. R. 161. 4.
- (β) Act.: truncum, Col. 5, 6, 17: platanos, Sen. Ep 12, 2: arbores, Plin. 17, 26, 39, § 248: plantas, Pall. Febr. 20, 2.
Inf. pass.: circumfodi, Pall. Mart. 10, 19.
Part. perf. pass.: circumfosso stipite, Plin. 17, 27, 43, § 252.
circum -fŏrānĕus, a, um, adj. [forum].
- * I. Of or around the forum or market-place: aes, debts due in the forum (because the bankers’ shops were at the forum), Cic. Att. 2, 1, 11.
More freq.,
- II. Strolling about from market to market, that attends markets: pharmacopola, Cic. Clu. 14, 40: lanista, * Suet. Vit. 12: medicabulum, App. M. 9, p. 218, 41.
- B. In gen., that is carried about, ambulatory, movable: domus, App. M. 4, p. 148, 29: hostiae, which are carried about for expiation (cf. circumfero, II. C.), App. M. 3, p. 130, 5.
* circum -fŏrātus, a, um, Part. [foro], bored or pierced round’ stipes, Plin. 17, 27, 43, § 252.
* circumfossor, ōris, m. [circumfodio], one who digs around something, Plin. 17, 24, 37, § 227.
* circumfossūra, ae, f. [circumfodio], a digging round, Plin. 17, 26, 39, § 247.
circum-fractus, a, um, Part. [frango], broken off around: turbo, broken around (sc. scopulos), Amm. 22, 8, 15: colles, precipitous, id. 29, 4, 5.
circum -frĕmo, ĕre, v. n. and a., to make a noise around something (post-Aug. and rare): nidos, of birds, Sen. Cons. ad Marc. 7, 2; Prud. Cath. 479.
* circum -frĭco, āre, v. a., to rub around, to scour, Cato, R. R. 26.
* circum-fulcĭo, īre, v. a., to support, hold up around: togam, Tert. Pall. 5.
* circum -fulgĕo, ēre, v. n., to shine around, Plin. 2, 37, 37, § 101.
circum-fundo, fūdi, fūsum, 3, v. a., lit. to pour out around, i.e. as in circumdo, either with the acc. of that which is poured, to pour around; or, with the acc. of that around which something is poured, to surround with a liquid (class. in prose and poetry).
- I. Lit.
- A. With acc. of the liquid poured (with or without dat. of the object around which): amurcam ad oleam circumfundito, Cato, R. R. 93: Tigris urbi circumfunditur, surrounds, flows round the town, Plin. 6, 27, 31, § 132.
More freq. in part. perf. pass.: mare circumfusum urbi, the sea flowing around the town, Liv. 30, 9, 12: gens circumfusis invia fluminibus, Ov. F. 5, 582: circumfusus nobis spiritus, Quint. 12, 11, 13: nec circumfuso pendebat in aëre tellus, circumambient, Ov. M. 1, 12; imitated by Tib. 4, 1, 151.
Reflex.: circumfudit se repente nubes, Lact. 4, 21, 1.
Once mid.: cum fervet (lac), ne circumfundatur, etc., pour itself out around, i. e. run over, Plin. 28, 9, 33, § 126; cf.: circumfusa nubes, Verg. A. 1, 586.
- B. With acc. of the object around which, etc., with or without abl. of the fluid: (mortuum) cerā circumfuderunt, Nep. Ages. 8, 7: terram crassissimus circumfundit aër, encompasses, envelops, Cic. N. D. 2, 6, 17: terra circumfusa illo mari, quem oceanum appellatis, id. Rep. 6, 20, 21: et multo nebulae circum dea fudit amictu (tmesis), Verg. A. 1, 412: quas circumfuderat atra tempestas, Sil. 7, 723.
- II. Transf. to objects that do not flow, esp. if there is a great multitude, as it were, heaped upon a thing.
- A. (Acc. to I. 1.) Mid., to press upon, crowd around, embrace closely, cling to (freq. in the histt.): circumfunduntur ex reliquis hostes partibus, Caes. B. G. 6, 37; 7, 28; id. B. C. 3. 63: equites infestis cuspidibus circumfunduntur, Liv. 10, 36, 9; 25, 34, 9; 27, 19, 3; 44, 23, 8: (Nymphae) circumfusae Dianam Corporibus texere suis, surrounding, Ov. M. 3, 180: multitudo circumfusa, Caes. B. G. 6, 34; Liv. 2, 28, 6; 4, 46, 6; Curt. 8, 14, 31; Quint. 4, 2, 37.
With the dat. of that upon which a multitude presses: circumfundebantur obviis sciscitantes, Liv. 22, 7, 11; 22, 14, 15; 26, 27, 10; 29, 34, 14 al.: circumfusa turba lateri meo, id. 6, 15, 9: ut lateribus circumfundi posset equitatus. Curt. 3, 9, 12.
With acc. (depending on circum): Pacidiussuos equites exporrigere coepit … uthaberent facultatem turmas Julianas circumfundi, to surround, encompass them, Auct. B. Afr. 78 Oud. N. cr.
Poet. also of a single person: et nunc hac juveni, nunc circumfunditur illac, i. e. clings to, or closely embraces him, Ov. M. 4, 360; 14, 354; cf. with acc.: hunc (sc. Mavortem), tu, diva, tuo recubantem corpore sancto circumfusa super, Lucr. 1, 40.
- (β) So once in the active voice, absol.: circumfudit eques, Tac. A. 3, 46.
- 2. Trop.: undique circumfusae molestiae, Cic. Tusc. 5, 41, 121: non est tantum ab hostibus aetati nostrae periculum, quantum ab circumfusis undique voluptatibus, Liv 30, 14, 6: circumfuso nitore, Quint. 4, 1, 59.
- B. (Acc. to I. 2.) To enclose, environ, surround, overwhelm: circumfusus publicorum praesidiorum copiis, Cic. Mil. 26, 71: praefectum castrorum circumfundunt, Tac. A. 12, 38; so id. H. 2, 19; 4, 20; id. A. 13, 40; Plin. 5, 12, 13, § 67; Sil. 7, 306: circumfusus hostium concursu, Nep. Chabr. 4, 2: M. Catonem vidi in bibliothecā sedentem, multis circumfusum Stoicorum libris, Cic. Fin. 3, 2, 7; Quint. 9, 4, 91, Curt. 3, 11, 4: amplexibus alicujus, Vell. 2, 123, 3: X. milia Bojorum alio latere quam exspectabatur missis legionibus circumfudit, Front. 1, 2, 7.
- 2. Trop.: cum has terras incolentes circumfusi erant caligine, Cic. Tusc. 1, 19, 45: latent ista omnia crassis occultata et circumfusa tenebris, id. Ac. 2, 39, 122: ut, quantā luce ea circumfusa sunt, possint agnoscere, id. ib. 2, 15, 46: eos stultitiā obruit, tenebris circumfundit, Lact. 3, 29, 14: circumfundit, aliquem multo splendore, Sen. Tranq. 1, 9.
circumfūsĭo, ōnis, f. [circumfundo], a pouring around (post-class.) spiritus ignei, Firm. Math. 1, 4: Oceani, id. ib. praef.
circumfūsus, a, um, Part., from circumfundo.
* circum -garrĭens, entis, Part. [garrio], blabbing or babbling about. falsiloquia, Claud Mam. Stat. An. 2, 9.
circum-gĕlo, āvi, ātum, 1, v. a., to freeze all around corpus, Tert. Anim. 23: cortex circumgelatus, Plin. 13, 22, 40, § 120.
* circum-gĕmo, ĕre, v. n., to roar around something: circumgemit ursus ovile, Hor. Epod. 16, 51.
circum-gesto, āre, v. freq. a., to bear or carry around’ epistulam, * Cic. Q. Fr. 1, 2, 2, § 6; deam, App. M. 8, 213, 37.
* circum-glŏbātus, a, um, Part. [globo], rolled together, conglobated: animalia escae circumglobata, small insects, Plin. 9, 47, 71, § 154.
circum-grĕdĭor, gressus, grĕdi, v dep [gradior], to go or walk around, travel about (esp. in a hostile manner; post-Aug., several times in Tac, elsewhere rare).
- (α) Absol., Tac. A. 1, 64, 2, 17; 12, 28.
- (β) With acc.: exercitum, * Sall. H. 4, 61, 21 Dietsch: terga, Tac. A. 2, 25’ Syriam, Aur Vict. Caes. 21’ lacunam, Amm. 16, 12, 59.
1. circumgressus, a, um, Part., from circumgredior
2. circumgressus, ūs, m. [circumgredior] (perh. only in Amm.).
- * I. Abstr., a going about’ rapidi, Amm. 22, 2, 3.
- * II. Concr., the compass, circuit of a thing’ amplissimi palus Maeotis, Amm. 22, 8, 30.
A maximum of 100 entries are shown.