Lewis & Short

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nĕcessārĭus, a, um, adj. (comp. necessarior, Tert. Patient. 11; id. Test. Anim. 4 al.) [necesse], unavoidable, inevitable, indispensable, needful, requisite, necessary: necessarium ait esse Opilius Aurelius, in quo non sit cessandum, aut sine quo vivi non possit: aut sine quo non bene vivatur: aut quod non possit prohiberi, quin fiat, Paul. ex Fest. p. 162 Müll.

  1. I. Lit.: necessarius et fatalis, opp. voluntarius, Cic. Phil. 10, 9, 9; cf.: id quod imperatur necessarium; illud, quod permittitur, voluntarium est, id. Inv. 2, 49, 145: necessaria conclusio, id. Top. 16, 60: leges fatales et necessariae, id. Univ. 12: omnia quae sint ad vivendum necessaria, id. Off. 1, 4, 11: senatori necessarium est, nōsse rem publicam, id. Leg. 3, 18, 41.
    So without dat., = necesse est: ne tam necessarium quidem est male meritis quam optime referre quod debeas, id. post Red. ad Quir. 9, 22: castra ponere necessarium visum est, Liv. 21, 58, 6; Plin. Ep. 10, 37, 3; Gai. Inst. 3, 216: necessariā re coactus, by necessity, Caes. B. C. 1, 40: quod tam necessario tempore ab iis non sublevetur, time of need or necessity, id. B. G. 1, 16: cum longius necessario procederent, farther than was necessary, too far, id. ib. 7, 16: res magis necessariae, Cic. Inv. 2, 49, 145: res maxime necessaria, id. Fam. 2, 6, 2: necessarior medela, Tert. Patient. 11: necessarior sententia, id. Test. Anim. 4: necessariores operas, id. Cult. Tem. 1, 5; id. Res. Carn. 31: aliquid necessarius, id. Carn. Christ. 7 med.
    Subst.: nĕcessā-rĭa, ōrum, n., the necessaries of life: Persae armis positis ad necessaria ex proximo vico ferenda discurrunt, Curt. 5, 12, 6: plebes sic adcensa uti … sua necessaria post illius honorem ducerent, Sall. J. 73, 6; Front. Strat. 3, 14, 4.
    1. * B. In partic.: necessariae partes, the private parts, Gai. Inst. 3, § 193.
  2. II. Transf., connected with another by natural or moral ties (of blood, friendship, clientship), belonging, related, connected, bound.
          1. (α) Adj.: cum utrique sis maxime necessarius, Balb. et Opp. ap. Cic. Att. 9, 7, A: victoria hominis necessarii, of a friend, Mat. ap. Cic. Fam. 11, 28, 2; so, homo, of a father-in-law, Nep. Dat. 6: ut a latronibus redimeret necessarias mulieri personas, Dig. 24, 3, 21: necessarius heres = suus heres, the natural heir, who was in the potestas of the deceased (opp. to heres extraneus), Gai. Inst. 2, 37; 3, 153; 156; Dig. 38, 16, 1.
          2. (β) Subst.: nĕ-cessārĭus, i, m., a relation, relative, kinsman, connection, friend, client, patron (cf. necessitudo, II.; syn.: familiaris, intimus): necessarii sunt, ut Gallus Aelius ait, qui aut cognati aut affines sunt, in quos necessaria officia conferuntur praeter ceteros, Paul. ex Fest. p. 162 Müll.; necessarius angustus, a very near relative, Fragm. Jur. Civ. p. 86 Mai.: L. Torquatus meus familiaris ac necessarius, Cic. Sull. 1, 2: in iis necessariis, qui tibi a patre relicti sunt, me tibi esse vel conjunctissimum, id. Fam. 13, 29, 1: nĕcessārĭa, ae, f., a female relative or friend: virgo Vestalis hujus propinqua et necessaria, id. Mur. 35, 73: Cerelliae, necessariae meae, rem commendavi tibi, id. Fam. 13, 72, 1.
            Hence, adv.
      1. 1. nĕcessārĭē (rare), unavoidably, necessarily: necessarie demonstrari, Cic. Inv. 1, 29, 44: comparato cibo, Val. Max. 7, 6, 3.
      2. 2. nĕcessārĭō (the most usual form): necessario reviviscere, Cic. Fam. 6, 10, 5: quibuscum vivo necessario, id. ib. 5, 21, 1: quod necessario rem Caesari enuntiārit, Caes. B. G. 1, 17: copias parat, Sall. J. 21, 1; Quint. 10, 1, 29; 5, 10, 80; Lact. 2, 12.

R, r, indecl. n. or (sc. littera) f.

  1. I. The seventeenth letter of the Latin alphabet, which derives its form from the Greek P, but is not, like that, aspirated. Thus Burrus, arrabo, were originally written for Πύρρος, ἀρραβών. In words borrowed from the Greek, an h was subsequently appended to the r, as a sign of the spiritus asper. On account of its vibratory sound, resembling the snarling of a dog, r is called by Persius littera canina, Sat. 1, 109; cf. Lucil. ap. Charis. p. 100 P.
  2. II. In many words, r medial and final (but not initial) represents an original s. Tradition ascribes the introduction of r for s to Appius Claudius Caecus, consul 446 and 457 A. U. C., or to L. Papirius Crassus, consul 417 A. U. C., Dig. 1, 2, 2, § 36; Cic. Fam. 9, 21, 2. Examples of a change of s into r are: asa, lases, plusima, meliosem, meliosibus, foedesum, Fusius, Papisius, Valesius, fusvos, janitos, into ara, lares, plurima, meliorem, melioribus, foederum, Furius, Papirius, Valerius, furvus, janitor; heri (compared with hesternus and the Greek χθές); so, too, dirimo is formed from dis-emo. Cf. Varr. L. L. 7, § 26 Müll.; Cic. l. l.; Quint. 1, 4, 13; Ter. Scaur. p. 2252 and 2258 P.; Fest. s. v. Aureliam, p. 20; R pro S, p. 134; pignosa, p. 198. Both sounds have maintained their place in some substantives of the third declension ending in or or os (arbor, color, honor, labor, lepor, etc., and also arbos, colos, honos, labos, lepos, etc.); so in quaeso, quaesumus, also written quaero, quaerimus; cf. nasus and naris, pulvis and pulver, etc.
    The converse change of an original r into s appears very doubtful. Forms like hesternus (from heri), festus (also feriae), ustum (from uro), etc., indicate rather an original s, when compared with arbustum also arboretum, and majusculus also major.
    For the relation of the r to d and l, v. D and L.
  3. III. R is assimilated,
        1. a. Most freq. before l: libellus, tenellus, intellego, pellicio, from liber, tener, inter-lego, per-lacio, v. the art. per.
        2. b. Before s: dossuarius, from dorsum.
  4. IV. R is elided in pejero (from perjuro), and in the forms crebesco, rubesco, susum, also written crebresco, rubresco, sursum, etc.
  5. V. As an abbreviation, R. signifies Romanus, also Rufus, recte, reficiendum, regnum, ripa, et mult. al.; R.P. respublica; R.R. rationes relatae (cf. Fest. p. 228 Müll.).

răbĭdē, adv., v. rabidus fin.

răbĭdus, a, um, adj. [1. rabo],

  1. I. raving, furious, enraged, savage, fierce, mad, rabid (as adj. mostly poet. and in post-Aug. prose; cf.: furens, furiosus, insanus): canes, Lucr. 5, 892; Plin. 29, 5, 32, § 98; Sen. Ira, 1, 1, 6; 1, 15, 2; 3, 30, 1; id. Ep. 99, 24: catuli, Sil. 10, 127: corpus (Canis), Cic. Arat. 110: tigres, Verg. G. 2, 151; cf. leones, Lucr. 4, 712; Hor. A. P. 393: lupa, Ov A. A. 3, 8: bimembres, id. M. 12, 494: alios age incitatos, alios age rabidos, Cat. 63, 93: non impulsus et rabidus, Sen. Ira, 1, 12, 4.
  2. II. Transf., of things: Pelorum (on account of the neighboring Scylla), Luc. 6, 66 Cort. N. cr.: lingua, Prop. 3, 8 (4, 7), 11; cf. murmur, Val. Fl. 4, 239: ut rabida ora quierunt, Verg. A. 6, 102; cf. id. ib. 6, 80: aspectus (draconis), Auct. Her. 4, 49, 62: certamen, Sil. 16, 410; cf. arma, id. 7, 253: fames (Cerberi), Verg. A. 6, 421; cf.: sitis (Tantali), Sen. Herc. Oet. 1077: rabies, Cat. 63, 44.
  3. III. Trop., impulsive, passionate, impetuous: impulsus et rabidus, Sen. Ira, 1, 12, 5: adfectus, id. ib. 3, 16, 2: furor animi, Cat. 63, 38: mores, Ov. A. A. 3, 501: rabida et jurgiosa facundia, Gell. 19, 9, 7.
    Adv.: răbĭ-dē, ravingly, madly, furiously, rabidly: omnia rabide appetentem, Cic. Tusc. 5, 6, 16.
    Comp.: raptari, Aug. Mor. Manich. 2, 14.

răbĭes, em, e (gen. rabies, Lucr. 4, 1083; the other cases do not occur), f. [rabio].

  1. I. Lit., rage, madness (cf.: furor, insania).
      1. 1. Of dogs, Col. 7, 12, 14; Plin. 7, 15, 13, § 64; 29, 5, 32, § 99.
      2. 2. Of other animals, Col. 6, 35; Plin. 8, 18, 26, § 68: ursina, id. 8, 36, 54, § 130.
      3. 3. Of men, madness, frenzy, Plin. 7, prooem. fin. 1, § 5; Plaut. Capt. 3, 4, 26; cf.: contactos eo scelere velut injectā rabie ad arma ituros, Liv. 21, 48, 4.
  2. II. Trop., of any violent emotion, rage, anger, fury, fierceness, eagerness: Hecubam putant propter animi acerbitatem quandam et rabiem fingi in canem esse conversam, Cic. Tusc. 3, 26, 63: sine rabie, id. ib. 4, 24, 53; Tac. H. 1, 63: Archilochum proprio rabies armavit iambo, Hor. A. P. 79; cf. id. Ep. 2, 1, 149: non dico horrendam rabiem, id. S. 2, 3, 323; Vell. 2, 64, 2: civica, fierce civil war, Hor. C. 3, 24, 26; cf. Tac. H. 2, 38; 5, 25; id. A. 1, 31; 39: hostilis, Liv. 29, 8 fin.: edendi, Verg. A. 9, 64.
    Of the madness of love. Ter. Eun. 2, 3, 10; Lucr. 4, 1079; Hor. Epod. 12, 9.
    Of the Sibyl’s inspiration, Verg. A. 6, 49.
        1. b. Of things: rabies fatalis temporis, Liv. 28, 34: ventorum, Ov. M. 5, 7; cf. Noti, Hor. C. 1, 3, 14: caelique marisque, Verg. A. 5, 802: pelagi, Sil. 2, 290: Canis, the fierce heat of the dogstar, Hor. Ep. 1, 10, 16: ventris, i. e. ravenous hunger, voracity, Verg. A. 2, 357; Sil. 2, 472.

răbĭo, ĕre, v. n. [etym. dub.], to rave, be mad (poet. and in post-Aug. prose), Varr. and Caecil. ap. Non. 40, 2 sq.: oculis rabere visa es ardentibus, Poëta ap. Cic. Div. 1, 31, 66; id. Imp. Pomp. 5, 207; 5, 222; Sen. Ep. 29, 7.

răbĭōsē, adv., v. rabiosus fin.

* răbĭōsŭlus, a, um, adj. dim. [rabiosus], a little rabid: litterae, Cic. Fam. 7, 16.

răbĭōsus, a, um, adj. [rabies], raving, fierce, mad, rabid (rare but class.; syn.: furiosus, furibundus): canis, Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 75; Plin. 29, 5, 32, § 98: homo, Plaut. Capt. 3, 4, 15: fortitudo, * Cic. Tusc. 4, 22, 50: rabiosa barbaraque vox, Petr. 96, 5: stridor (anserum sacrorum), id. 136, 4.
* Adv.: răbĭōsē, ravingly, madly, fiercely, rabidly: nihil iracunde rabioseve fecerunt, Cic. Tusc. 4, 22, 49.

Răbīrĭus, i, m.,

  1. I. the name of a Roman gens. Thus,
      1. 1. C. Rabirius, a tribune of the people; and,
      2. 2. C. Rabirius Postumus, a knight; both of them defended by Cicero in orations still extant.
      3. 3. An indifferent philosophical writer, Cic. Ac. 1, 2, 5.
      4. 4. An excellent poet, Ov. P 4, 16, 5; Quint. 10, 1, 90.
        Hence,
  2. II. Răbīrĭānus, a, um, adj., of or belonging to a Rabirius, Rabirian: domus, Cic. Att. 1, 6, 1.

1. răbo, ĕre, v. n., v. rabio.

2. răbo, ōnis, = arrhabo, v. arrha.

Rabocentus, i, m., a Bessic prince, put to death by L. Piso, Cic. Pis. 34.

răbŭla, ae, m. [1. rabo], a brawling, wrangling advocate, a pettifogger (cf.: clamator, declamator): non declamatorem aliquem de ludo aut rabulam de foro … quaerimus, Cic. Or. 15, 47; with causidicus and proclamator, id. de Or. 1, 46. 202; with latrator, Quint. 12, 9, 12; cf. Fest. s. v. rava vox, p. 137 Müll.; Non. 26, 21; 60, 19.

* răbŭlāna pix, an unknown kind of pitch [perh. ravus, grayish], Plin. 14, 19, 24, § 120.

* răbŭlātus, ūs, m. [rabula], a brawling, wrangling, pettifogging, Mart. Cap. 2, 46 Graev. dub. (Kopp, § 213, reboatu).

răbuscŭla vitis, an unknown species of vine [perh. ravus, grayish], Plin. 14, 3, 4, § 42.

racco, āre, v. n., to utter the natural cry of the tiger, Auct. Carm. Philom. 49 (al. rancant).

răcēmārĭus, a, um, adj. [racemus], of or belonging to grape-stalks, stalky: pampini, that bear nothing but stalks, unfruitful, Col. 3, 18, 4.

* răcēmātĭo, ōnis, f [id.], the gleaning of a vineyard, a grape-gleaning (cf. spicilegium), Tert. Apol. 35.

* răcēmātus, a, um, adj. [racemus], having clusters or berries, Plin. 18, 7, 10, § 54.

răcēmĭfer, fĕra, fĕrum, adj. [racemusfero], cluster-bearing, clustering; a poet. epithet: uvae, Ov M. 3, 666; and in a broader sense: racemifer Bacchus, crowned with clusters, id. ib. 15, 413; cf.: capilli (Bacchi), id. F. 6, 483.

* răcēmor, āri, v. dep. a. [racemus], to glean; trop., to treat of in a supplementary manner, Varr. R. R. 3, 9, 1.

răcēmōsus, a, um, adj. [racemusfero], full of clusters, clustering (Plin.): pomum, Plin. 13, 4, 7, § 30: flos, id. 13, 6, 12, § 54.
Sup.: uvae, Plin. 14, 3, 4, § 40.

răcēmus, i, m. [ῤάξ, ῤαγός].

  1. I. Lit., the stalk of a cluster of grapes and similar plants: alia (poma) racemis dependent, ut uvae, palmae, Plin. 15, 28, 34, § 115; cf. id. 16, 26, 48, § 112; 14, 3, 4, § 43: sunt et mora cruenta, et lentis uva racemis, Verg. Copa, 21.
  2. II. Transf.
    1. A. A bunch of berries, cluster of grapes: fert uva racemos, Verg. G. 2, 60; Ov. M. 3, 484; id. Tr. 4, 6, 9; Prop. 4 (5), 2, 13; Hor. C. 2, 5, 11 al.: lecti de vite racemi, Ov. A. A. 3, 703; Verg. G. 2, 102; Sil. 7, 208 al.
    2. B. Wine (poet.): donec eras mixtus nullis, Acheloë, racemis, Ov. F. 5, 343.

Racilius, i, m.; Racilia, ae, f., the name of a Roman gens; e. g. L. Racilius, a tribune of the people, Cic. Q. Fr. 2, 6, 5; id. Verr. 2, 2, 12, § 31; id. Fam. 1, 7, 2.

    1. 2. Racilia, wife of Cincinnatus, Liv. 3, 26, 9.

rădĭans, antis, v. radio, II. B.

* rădĭātĭlis, e, adj. [radio], emitting rays, radiant: umbra, Ven. Fort. 2, 286.

rădĭātĭo, ōnis, f. [radio], a glittering, shining, a beamy lustre, radiation (postAug.): marmoris, Plin. 36, 5, 4, § 32: stellarum, Jul. Firm. Math. 1, 4.
Plur., Arn. 6, 208.

rădĭātus, a, um, v. radio, II. A.

rādīcālis, e, adj. [radix], having roots (post-class.), Aug. c. Faust. 13, 12.

rādīcātus, a, um, v. radicor.

* rādīcesco, ĕre, v. inch. [radix], to take root, Sen. Ep. 86 fin.

rādīcĭtus, adv. [radix], with the roots, by the roots (class.).

  1. I. Lit.: effodere herbas malas, Cato, R. R. 50: concidere rosetum, Varr. R. R. 1, 35, 1; Cat. 64, 288: evellere arborem, Suet. Vesp. 5: eximere, Col. 4, 33, 4: interire, id. 6, 3, 1: auferre ungues, Prop. 3, 7 (4, 6), 51 al.
  2. II. Trop., by the roots, i. e. utterly, completely, radically: radicitus tollere atque extrahere cupiditatem, Cic. Fin. 2, 9, 27; cf.: extrahere religionem ex animis hominum, id. N. D. 1, 43, 121: excutere opinionem alicui, id. Tusc. 1, 46, 111: omnia malefacta vostra repperi radicitus, thoroughly, Plaut. Most. 5, 1, 62.

rādīco, āvi, 1, v. n., and rādīcor, ātus, 1, v. dep. n. [id.], to strike root, take root (post-Aug.).

  1. I. Lit.
      1. 1. Form radico, Cassiod. H. E. 2, 6.
      2. 2. Form radicor: mergi facile radicantur, Col. 4, 2, 2; Plin. 13, 4, 8, § 36; 18, 7, 10, § 51 al.
        Hence, rādīcātus, a, um, having roots: semina, Col. Arb. 20 fin.; Pall. Febr. 10, 1; 18, 1; 19, 2 al.
  2. II. Trop.: et radicavi in populo honorificato (i. e. ego sapientia), have found a home, struck root, Vulg. Ecclus. 24, 16: in caritate radicati et fundati, id. Eph. 3, 17. —rādīcātus, a, um, rooted, Sid. Ep. 5, 10 fin.

* rādīcōsus, a, um, adj. [radix], full of roots, having many roots: bracchia hederarum, Plin. 16, 34, 62, § 151.

rādīcŭla, ae, f. dim. [radix].

  1. I. In gen., a small root, rootlet, Cic. Div. 2, 66, 136; Col. 5, 5, 5.
  2. II. In partic.
      1. 1. Fuller’sweed, soapwort, Plin. 19, 3, 18, § 48.
      2. 2. A small kind of radish, Col. 4, 8, 1; 11, 2, 19; Cels. 2, 18; 21; 29 al.

rădĭo, āvi, ātum, 1 [radius].

  1. * I. (Acc. to radius, I. B. 1.) V. a., to furnish with spokes: rota radiata, Varr. R. R. 3, 5, 15.
  2. II. (Acc. to radius, II.) V. a. and n. (mostly poet. and in post-Aug. prose).
    1. A. Act., to furnish with beams, make beaming, irradiate; only in pass., to be irradiated, to gleam, emit beams.
      Lit.: galeae gemmis radientur et auro, Ov. P. 3, 4, 103.
      Esp. freq. in the part. perf. and P. a.: rădĭātus, a, um, furnished with rays, irradiated, shining: miles ut adverso Phoebi radiatus ab ictu, irradiated, Luc. 7, 214: rubent radiati lumina solis, shining, Lucr. 5, 462: sol, Cic. Ac. 2, 41, 126; cf. also: orbis flammeus solis, Att. ap. Cic. Div. 1, 22, 44: lumen (solis), Poët. ap. Cic. de Or. 3, 40, 162; Ov. M. 4, 193: insigne diei (i. e. sol), Lucr. 5, 699: caput, surrounded with a halo or nimbus (the attribute of deities and deified personages), Plin. Pan. 52; cf. corona, Suet. Aug. 94 med.: splendor radiatus lampade solis, Sil. 7, 143.
    2. B. Neutr., to emit beams, to beam, shine, radiate.
      1. 1. Lit.: felium in tenebris fulgent radiantque oculi, Plin. 11, 37, 55, § 150; cf. Ov. Am. 3, 3, 9; id. M. 2, 4: miles radiabat in armis, Prop. 4 (5), 1, 27; Sil. 8, 468: radiabunt tempora nati (of the halo of deified personages, v. supra, A.), Sil. 3, 629; 2, 586.
        Freq. in part. pres.: rădĭans, beaming, shining: lumina solis, Ov. Tr. 2, 325: sidera, Lucr. 4, 214; Ov. M. 7, 325; 9, 272: Aquarius, Cic. Arat. 172: luna, Verg. A. 8, 23: aurum, Ov. M. 4, 636; cf.: galea claro ab auro, id. ib. 13, 105: templa auro, id. A. A. 3, 451: arma, Verg. A. 8, 616: carbunculi pinnato fulgore, Plin. 37, 7, 25, § 93.
      2. 2. Trop., to shine, radiate: quasi de industriă prospera ejus (fortuna) adversis radiaret, Flor. 4, 2, 30 Halm. (Duker, radiarentur): ipsi inter medios roseā radiante juventā, Val. Fl. 8, 257: constitutio, quae inter imperiales radiat sanctiones, Just. Inst. 1, 5, 3: radiantia signa, asterisks, Hier. praef. in Psa.

rădĭŏlus, i, m. dim. [radius].

  1. * I. A small, feeble sunbeam, Amm. 28, 4, 18.
  2. II. A kind of long olive, Col. 12, 49, 2.
  3. III. A plant resembling fern, App. Herb. 83.

* rădĭōsus, a, um, adj. [radius], emitting many beams, radiant: sol, Plaut. Stich. 2, 2, 41.

rădĭus, ii, m. [cf.: radix, ramus], a staff, rod.

  1. I. In gen.: acuti radii immissi, stakes, Liv. 33, 5, 11: ferreus, Plin. 10, 42, 58, § 117.
    1. B. In partic.
      1. 1. A spoke of a wheel, Plin. 16, 40, 76, § 206; Verg. G. 2, 444; id. A. 6, 616; Ov. M. 2, 108; 2, 317; Val. Fl. 6, 414: inter radios rotarum, Curt. 4, 9, 5; Plin. 16, 40, 76, § 206.
      2. 2. In mathematics,
        1. a. A staff, rod, for measuring, etc., Cic. Tusc. 5, 23, 64; Verg. E. 3, 41; id. A. 6, 850; Macr. S. 7, 2; Tert. Idol. 9.
        2. b. A semidiameter, radius of a circle, Cic. Univ. 6.
      3. 3. In weaving, a shuttle, Ov. M. 6, 56; 132; Lucr. 5, 1352; Verg. A. 9, 476.
      4. 4. In zoology,
        1. a. The spur of many kinds of birds, Plin. 11, 47, 107, § 257; esp. of the cock, id. 30, 11, 29, § 97.
        2. b. The sting above the tail of the fish pastinaca, Plin. 9, 48, 72, § 155; 32, 2, 12, § 25.
      5. 5. In botany, a kind of long olive, Verg. G. 2, 86; Col. 5, 8, 4; id. Arb. 17, 3; Plin. 15, 3, 4, § 13. A sub-species of the same, called radius major, Cato, R. R. 6, 1; Varr. R. R. 1, 24.
      6. 6. In anatomy, the radius, the exterior bone of the forearm, Gr. κερκίς, Cels. 8, 1.
      7. 7. Radius virilis = membrum virile, Cael. Aur. Acut. 3, 14, 115.
  2. II. A beam or ray of any shining object; of the sun, Plaut. Mil. 1, 1, 2; Lucr. 1, 48; 2, 117; Cic. Fin. 5, 24, 71; Verg. A. 4, 119; 7, 25; Tert. Res. Carn. 47; of lightning, Verg. A. 8, 429; Val. Fl. 6, 55; of the eyes, Gell. 5, 16, 2; of the halo around the heads of divine or deified personages: aurati, Verg. A. 12, 163; cf. radio, II.

rādix, īcis (gen. plur. radicium, Cassiod. H. E. 1, 1; Jul. Val. Itin. Alex. 32 (75)), f. [Gr. ῤίζα, a root; ῤάδιξ, a shoot or twig; cf. ramus], a root of a plant (cf. stirps).

  1. I. Lit.
      1. 1. In gen. (mostly in plur.): radices agere, to strike root, Varr. R. R. 1, 37 fin.; Ov. R. Am. 106; id. M. 4, 254; Col. 5, 6, 8; Plin. 16, 31, 56, § 127; cf. infra, II.: capere radices, to take root, Cato, R. R. 133, 3; Plin. 17, 17, 27, § 123: penitus immittere radices, Quint. 1, 3, 5: emittere radices e capite, ex se, Col. 3, 18, 6; 5, 10, 13: descendunt radices, Plin. 16, 31, 56, § 129: arbores ab radicibus subruere, Caes. B. G. 6, 27, 4: herbas radice revellit, Ov. M. 7, 226: radicibus eruta pinus, Verg. A. 5, 449: segetem ab radicibus imis eruere, id. G. 1, 319.
        Sing.: (arbos) quae, quantum vertice ad auras, tantum radice in Tartara tendit, Verg. G. 2, 292; Plin. 16, 31, 56, § 128; Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 150; Ov. H. 5, 147.
      2. 2. In partic., an edible root, Caes. B. C. 3, 48; esp. a radish: Syriaca, Col. 11, 3, 16; 59: also simply radix, Pall. 1, 35, 5; Hor. S. 2, 8, 8; Ov. M. 8, 666 al.: dulcis, licorice, Scrib. Comp. 170.
    1. B. Transf.
      1. 1. The root, i. e. the lower part of an object, the foot of a hill, mountain, etc.
        In plur.: in radicibus Caucasi natus, Cic. Tusc. 2, 22, 52: in radicibus Amani, id. Fam. 15, 4, 9: sub ipsis radicibus montis, Caes. B. G. 7, 36; 7, 51 fin.; 69; id. B. C. 1, 41; 3, 85, 1 et saep.
        In sing.: a Palatii radice, Cic. Div. 1, 45, 101; Plin. 37, 10, 66, § 180.
      2. 2. That upon which any thing is fixed or rests (e. g. the tongue, a feather, a rock); a root, foundation (poet.; used alike in sing. and plur.): linguae, Ov. M. 6, 557: plumae, id. ib. 2, 583: saxi, Lucr. 2, 102; Ov. M. 14, 713.
      3. 3. Radix virilis = membrum virile, Cael. Aur. Tard. 2, 1, 13.
  2. II. Trop., a root, ground, basis, foundation, origin, source (almost entirely in the plur.): vera gloria radices agit atque etiam propagatur, Cic. Off. 2, 12, 43: virtus altissimis defixa radicibus, id. Phil. 4, 5, 13: audeamus non solum ramos amputare miseriarum, sed omnes radicum fibras evellere, id. Tusc. 3, 6, 13: facilitatis et patientiae, id. Cael. 6, 14: Pompeius eo robore vir, iis radicibus, i. e. so deeply rooted, firmly established in the State, id. Att. 6, 6, 4: illic radices, illic fundamenta sunt, Quint. 10, 3, 3: a radicibus evertere domum, from its foundation, utterly, Phaedr. 3, 10, 49: ex iisdem, quibus nos, radicibus natum (C. Marium), i. e. a native of the same city, Cic. Sest. 22, 50; Varr. R. R. 2, 8, 1; cf. in sing.: Apollinis se radice ortum, Plin. 35, 10, 36, § 72: ego sum radix David, Vulg. Apoc. 22, 16 et saep.
    Of words, origin, derivation, Varr. L. L. 6, 5, 61; 7, 3, 88 al.

rādo, si, sum, 3, v. a., to scrape, scratch, shave, rub, or smooth; of the hair, to shave off with a razor (while tondere is to cut off with shears; mostly poet. and in post-Aug. prose; cf. scabo).

  1. I. Lit.: MVLIERES GENAS NE RADVNTO, tear, lacerate by scratching, in mourning, XII. Tab. ap. Cic. Leg. 2, 23, 59; Plin. 11, 37, 58, § 157; and Fest. s. v. radere, p. 227: fauces, to irritate, Lucr. 4, 528; Quint. 11, 3, 13 Spald.; 11, 3, 20: terram pedibus (corvus), Plaut. Aul. 4, 3, 2: caput et supercilia, to shave, Cic. Rosc. Com. 7, 20 (just before, abrasa); Petr. 103: caput, as a token of slavery, Liv. 34, 52 fin.; in mourning, Suet. Calig. 5; and in execution of a vow made in times of peril, Juv. 12, 81 (cf. Petr. 103 sqq.): barbam, Suet. Aug. 79.
    Transf., of the person himself: ut tonderetur diligenter ac raderetur, Suet. Caes. 45; Plin. 7, 59, 59, § 211: tigna, to smooth off, Lucr. 5, 1267: virgae, Verg. G. 2, 358; cf. lapides, to sweep the mosaic ground, Hor. S. 2, 4, 83: parietes, to scratch, Plin. 28, 4, 13, § 52: aream, i. e. to clear of bushes, Col. 2, 19; cf.: medicam marris ad solum, to weed out, Plin. 18, 16, 43, § 147: arva imbribus (Eurus), to strip, lay waste, sweep, ravage, Hor. Epod. 16, 54; cf.: terras (Aquilo), id. S. 2, 6, 25: nomen fastis, to scratch out, erase, Tac. A. 3, 17 fin.: margine in extremo littera rasa, Ov. Am. 1, 11, 22: tabellae rasae, id. A. A. 1, 437.
    1. B. Poet., transf.
      1. 1. To touch in passing, touch upon, brush along, graze; of streams: ripas radentia flumina rodunt, Lucr. 5, 256; Ov. F. 1, 242; Luc. 2, 425; Sen. Hippol. 16.
        Of sailors: hinc altas cautes projectaque saxa Pachyni Radimus (in sailing by), Verg. A. 3, 700; 5, 170; 7, 10; Val. Fl. 5, 108; Luc. 5, 425; 8, 246 al.: sicco freta radere passu (with percurrere; of horses running past), Ov. M. 10, 654: terra rasa squamis (serpentis), id. ib. 3, 75: arva radens serpens, Stat. Th. 5, 525; cf. Verg. A. 5, 217: trajectos surculus rasit, crept through, Suet. Ner. 48.
      2. 2. To strip off, nip off: damnosa canicula quantum raderet, Pers. 3, 50: ista tonstrix radit, i. e. shaves her customers (sc. of their money), Mart. 2, 17, 5.
  2. II. Trop., to grate upon, hurt, offend: aures delicatas radere, Quint. 3, 1, 3: teneras auriculas mordaci vero, Pers. 1, 107: pallentes mores, to lash, satirize, id. 5, 15.

* rādŭla, ae, f. [rado], a scraping-iron, scraper, Col. 12, 18, 5.

raeda or rēda (falsely written rhē-da), ae, f. [prob. Celtic: plurima Gallica valuerunt ut raeda ac petorritum, Quint. 1, 5, 57; cf. id. 1, 5, 68], a travelling-carriage or wagon with four wheels, Varr. ap. Non. 167, 25; 451, 17; Caes. B. G. 1, 51, 2; 6, 30, 2; Cic. Mil. 10, 28; id. Phil. 2, 24, 58; id. Att. 5, 17, 1; 6, 1, 25; Hor. S. 1, 5, 86; 2, 6, 42; Juv. 3, 10.

raedārĭus (rēdārĭus), i, adj. [raeda], of or belonging to a four-wheeled carriage: mulae, Varr. R. R. 3, 17, 7.
Hence, subst.: raedārĭus, i, m.

    1. 1. A coachman, the driver of a ræda: raedarium occidunt, Cic. Mil. 10, 29.
    2. 2. A wagon-builder, coachmaker, Capitol. Max. et Balb. 5, § 1.

Raeti (Rhaeti), ōrum, m., the Rætians, a mountain people north of the Po, between the Danube, the Rhine, and the Lech, Plin. 3, 20, 24, § 133; 3, 19, 23, § 130; Liv. 5, 33 fin.; Just. 20, 5, 9; Tac. H. 1, 68; 3, 5; 53; Hor. C. 4, 14, 15 al.
Hence,

    1. 1. Raetia (Rhaetia), ae, f., the country of the Ræti, Rætia, Tac. A. 1, 44; id. H. 2, 98; 3, 5 et saep.
    2. 2. Raetĭcus (Rhaetĭcus), a, um, adj., Rætian: oppida, Plin. 3, 19, 23, § 130: Alpes, Tac. G. 1: bellum, Suet. Tib. 9: arma, Ov. Tr. 2, 226: copiae, Tac. H. 1, 59 fin.: vinum (of excellent quality), Verg. G. 2, 96; Col. 3, 2, 27; Plin. 14, 1, 3, § 16; 14, 6, 8, § 67; Suet. Aug. 77; Mart. 14, 100 al.
    3. 3. Raetius, a, um, adj., Rætian: provincia, Tac. G. 41.
    4. 4. Raetus, a, um, adj., Rætian: Alpes, Hor. C. 4, 4, 17.

raia, ae, f., a sea-fish, the ray, Plin. 9, 24, 40, § 78; 9, 42, 67, § 144.

Ralla, ae, m., a Roman surname in the Marcian gens.

    1. 1. M. Marcius Ralla, Liv. 29, 11.
    2. 2. Q. Marcius Ralla, Liv. 34, 52.

rallum, i, n. [rado], an instrument for scraping off the earth from the ploughshare, Plin. 18, 19, 49, § 179.

* rallus, a, um, adj. dim. [for rarulus, from rarus], thin: tunica, a thin tunic, Plaut. Ep. 2, 2, 46; cf. Non. 539, 15.

rāmāle, is, n. [ramus], twigs, shoots, sticks, brushwood; very rare in sing.: ut ramale vetus, Pers. 1, 97.
Usually plur.: rāmālia, ium, Ov. M. 8, 644; Pers. 5, 59; Sen. Ep. 90, 10; Tac. A. 13, 58.

rāmenta, ōrum, n.; less freq. in sing., rāmentum, i, n. (collat. form rāmen-ta, ae, f., Plaut. Bacch. 3, 4, 15; 3, 4, 23; id. Rud. 4, 3, 77) [rado].

  1. I. Lit., what is grated, shaved, or rubbed off; scrapings, shavings, chips, etc. (larger than scobes), Col. 4, 29, 16; id. Arb. 8, 4: uvas scobe ramentisve abietis, populi, fraxini servare, Plin. 15, 17, 18, § 67: ferri, scales struck off by the hammer, Lucr. 6, 1044: auri, Plin. 33, 3, 19, § 62: ligni, id. 24, 2, 2, § 6; 24, 5, 10, § 16: lapidis specularis, id. 36, 22, 45, § 162: ramento e cornibus, id. 21, 2, 3, § 5: ramenta fluminum, what rivers throw up on their banks, grains of sand, id. 33, 4, 21, § 66: sulphuratum, a sulphur-match, Mart. 10, 3.
  2. * II. Transf., bits, morsels, small pieces, in gen.: patri omne (aurum) cum ramento reddidi, each and every, Plaut. Bacch. 4, 4, 29.

rāmentōsus, a, um, adj. [ramentum], full of little bits, full of small pieces (late Lat.), Cael. Aur. Tard. 4, 3.

rāmentum, i, v. ramenta.

* rāmĕus, a, um, adj. [ramus], of or belonging to boughs or branches: fragmenta, i. e. sticks, = ramalia, Verg. G. 4, 303.

rāmex, ĭcis, m. [ramus].

  1. I. (In plur.) The blood-vessels of the lungs, Plaut. Merc. 1, 27; id. Poen. 3, 1, 37; Varr. ap. Non. 166, 12.
  2. II. (Sing. and plur.) A rupture, hernia, varicocele, Cels. 7, 18; Plin. 22, 25, 57, § 121; 30, 15, 47, § 137; Juv. 10, 205; Lucil. ap. Non. 166, 15.
    1. B. A staff, Col. 9, 1, 3.

* rāmĭcōsus, a, um, adj. [ramex], afflicted with hernia, ruptured, Plin. 30, 15, 47, § 136.

Ramises, is, m. (also Rhamises or Rhamses), an ancient king of Egypt, Plin. 36, 8, 14, § 65; Tac. A. 2, 60.

Ramnes and Ramnenses, ĭum, m.

  1. I. The Latin stock or tribe from whose union with the Taties (Sabines) and Luceres (Etruscans) sprang the most ancient Roman State; form Ramnes, usually applied to the tribe, Varr. L. L. 5, § 81 Müll.; Liv. 10, 6, 7; Prop. 4 (5), 1, 31; Ov. F. 3, 131; but it is called Ramnenses, Varr. L. L. 5, § 55.
    From them was named,
  2. II. One of the three centuries of knights instituted by Romulus, usually called Ramnenses, Liv. 1, 13, 8; Cic. Rep. 2, 20, 36; but Ramnes in Liv. 1, 36, 2.
    Hence, poet. for nobles of the olden time, Hor. A. P. 342.

rāmōsus, a, um, adj. [ramus], full of boughs, having many branches, branching, branchy.

  1. I. Lit.: arbor, Lucr. 5, 1096: ilex, Ov. M. 8, 237; cf.: domus Silvani, Prop. 4 (5), 4, 5: stipes, Ov. F. 3, 751.
    Comp.: lappago, Plin. 26, 10, 65, § 102.
    Sup., Tert. Apol. 35.
  2. II. Transf., branching: cornua cervi, Verg. E. 7, 30: corpora, Lucr. 2, 446; Claud. Cons. Stil. 3, 291: radices, Plin. 21, 15, 52, § 89.
    Comp.: folium, Plin. 21, 10, 32, § 58.
    Sup.: curalium, Plin. 32, 2, 11, § 22.
    Poet., of the clouds, branchy, forked, Lucr. 6, 133.
    Of the Lernæan hydra, from whose trunk young serpents grew out like branches, Ov. M. 9, 73: vitae nescius error diducit mentes ramosa in compita, into many devious ways, Pers. 5, 35.

rāmŭla, ae, f. [ramus], the hoof: equorum, Veg. Vet. 1, 56, 31 (al. ungulae); 2, 58, 4.

* rāmŭlōsus, a, um, adj. [ramulus], full of branching veins: folia, Plin. 16, 24, 38, § 92.

rāmŭlus, i, m. dim. [ramus], a little branch or bough, a twig, sprig, Cato, R. R. 101; Cic. Div. 1, 54, 123; Plin. 24, 15, 81, § 132; 27, 12, 88, § 111 al.

rāmus, i, m. [for rad-mus; Sanscr. root vardh, crescere; cf.: radix, radius], a branch, bough, twig (cf.: surculus, termes).

  1. I. Lit.: in quibus (arboribus) non truncus, non rami, non folia sunt denique, nisi, etc., Cic. de Or. 3, 46, 179; Enn. ap. Cic. Tusc. 1, 28, 69 (Trag. v. 194 Vahl.): qui praetereuntes ramum defringerent arboris, Cic. Caecin. 21, 60: sub ramis arboris, Lucr. 2, 30; 5, 1393: decidere falcibus ramos, id. 5, 936 et saep.: tempora cingite ramis, Verg. A. 5, 71; 8, 286; Val. Fl. 6, 296; Hor. C. 2, 15, 9; id. S. 1, 5, 81: ingens ramorum umbra, Verg. G. 2, 489; id. A. 6, 808.
    Poet., for a tree, Verg. A. 3, 650; for the fruit of trees, id. ib. 8, 318; in partic., for frankincense twigs, Claud. III. Cons. Hon. 211.
    1. B. Transf., of things having a branching form.
      1. 1. A branch of a stag’s antlers, Caes. B. G. 6, 26, 2.
      2. 2. A spur of a mountain chain, Plin. 6, 27, 31, § 134.
      3. 3. A club, Prop. 1, 1, 13; 4 (5), 9, 15.
      4. 4. = membrum virile, Nov. ap. Non. 116, 26.
      5. 5. An arm or mouth of a river: multos ignobiles ramos porrigit (Nilus), Sen. Q. N. 4, 2, 11.
      6. 6. A branch or arm of the Greek letter γ, used by Pythagoras as a symbol of the two paths of life, leading to virtue and vice, Aus. Idyll. 12, 9; hence called Samii rami, Pers. 3, 56.
  2. II. Trop., a branch: ramos amputare miseriarum, Cic. Tusc. 3, 6, 13: fortitudo, cujus patientia et perpessio et tolerantia rami sunt, Sen. Ep. 67, 10.
    Of a branch of consanguinity, Pers. 3, 28.

rāmuscŭlus, i, m. dim. [ramus], a little branch or bough, a twig (late Lat. for ramulus), Hier. Ep. 133, 3; Vulg. Isa. 18, 5.

rāna, ae, f. [for racna; cf.: ranco, racco, to roar, cry out; Germ. röcheln; Gr. λακεῖν; v. Cors. Ausspr. 1, p. 636 sq.].

  1. I. A frog, Plin. 11, 37, 65, § 172; Ov. M. 6, 381; 15, 375; Verg. G. 1, 378; 3, 431; Hor. S. 1, 5, 14: pluvias metuo, ranae enim ῤητορεύουσιν, Cic. Att. 15, 16, b.
    In partic., the tree-frog, green frog, Plin. 32, 8, 29, § 92; v. rubeta.
    The entrails of frogs were used for charms, Juv. 3, 44.
    Prov.: inflat se tamquam rana, Petr. 74, 13: qui fuit rana, nunc est rex, said of one who has risen from a lowly station, id. 74, 77 fin.
  2. II. Transf.
      1. 1. Rana marina, a sea-fish, the frog-fish, fishing frog, angler: Lophius piscatorius, Linn.; Cic. N. D. 2, 49, 125; called also simply rana, Plin. 9, 24, 40, § 78; and: rana piscatrix, id. 9, 42, 67, § 143.
      2. 2. A push, or swelling on the tongue of beasts, Col. 6, 8, 1; Veg. 3, 3, 12.

rancens, entis, Part., stinking, putrid, rancid (ante- and post-class.), Lucr. 3, 719: axungia, Ser. Samm. 978.

rancesco, ĕre, v. inch. n., to become stinking, grow rancid, Arn. 1, 12.

rancĭdē, adv., v. rancidus.

rancĭdŭlus, a, um, adj. dim. [rancidus] (post-Aug.).

  1. I. Lit., stinking, rank, rancid: opsonia, Juv. 11, 135.
  2. II. Trop., disgusting, loathsome, offensive: rancidulum quiddam locutus, Pers. 1, 33; cf. Mart. 7, 34, 7.

rancĭdus, a, um, adj. [ranceo, rancens], stinking, rank, rancid.

  1. I. Lit.: cadavera, Lucr. 6, 1155: aper, Hor. S. 2, 2, 89.
  2. II. Trop., disgusting, loathsome, offensive: aspectus, Plin. 22, 22, 46, § 92.
    Comp.: quid rancidius, quam, etc., Juv. 6, 185.
    Sup. does not occur.
    Adv.: rancĭdē, nauseously, disgustingly: ficta verba, Gell. 18, 11, 2; 18, 8, 1.

ranco, āre, v. racco.

rancor, ōris, m. [ranceo, rancens].

  1. I. Lit., a stinking smell or flavor, rankness, rancidity (late Lat.), Pall. 1, 20, 2; 11, 10, 2.
  2. II. Trop., an old grudge, rancor, Hier. Ep. 13, 1.

rānŭla, ae, f. dim. [rana].

  1. I. Lit., a little frog, a tadpole, App. M. 9, p. 233, 11.
  2. II. Transf., a little swelling on the tongue of cattle, Veg. 4, 5, 1 al.

rānuncŭlus, i, m. dim. [rana].

  1. I. Lit., a little frog, a tadpole, porwigle, Cic. Div. 1, 9, 15.
  2. II. Transf., jocosely, of the inhabitants of Ulubrae (as residing in the neighborhood of marshes), Cic. Fam. 7, 18, 3.
  3. III. A medicinal plant, called also batrachion, perh. crowfoot, ranunculus, Plin. 25, 13, 109, § 172; Tert. Spect. 27.

rāpa, ae, v. rapum.

* rāpācĭa, ōrum, n. [rapum], turnip tops, Plin. 18, 13, 34, § 127; v. rapicius.

* răpācĭda, ae, m. [rapax], robber, a comically formed patronymic, Plaut. Aul. 2, 7, 8.

răpācĭtas, ātis, f. [rapax], greediness, rapacity: quis in rapacitate avarior, Cic. Cael. 6, 13; Suet. Tit. 7; Just. 38, 7, 8; Mart. 6, 72, 1: dirae filius es rapacitatis, id. 12, 53, 7.

răpax, ācis, adj. [rapio], grasping, greedy of plunder, rapacious.

  1. I. Lit. (class.; syn. furax): vos rapaces, vos praedones, Plaut. Men. 5, 7, 26; id. Pers. 3, 3, 6: olim furunculus, nunc vero etiam rapax, Cic. Pis. 27, 66; so with fur, id. Verr. 2, 3, 2, § 4: inopiā rapax, Suet. Dom. 3: procuratorum rapacissimum quemque, id. Vesp. 16; cf. Tac. H. 1, 20: Cinara, i. e. eager for presents, Hor. Ep. 1, 14, 33; so Tib. 1, 5, 59; 2, 4, 25: cervi, luporum praeda rapacium, Hor. C. 4, 4, 50; id. Epod. 16, 20; cf. Harpyiae, id. S. 2, 2, 40.
    As subst.: răpax, ācis, comm., a beast of prey, Plin. 11, 45, 101, § 247.
      1. 2. Of things, rapacious, ravenous (mostly poet.): falces rapaces, Lucr. 3, 650: ventus, Ov. A. A. 1, 388: ignis, id. M. 8, 837: mors, Tib. 1, 3, 65; cf. Orcus, Hor. C. 2, 18, 30: fortuna, id. ib. 1, 34, 14: dentes, fangs, tusks, Veg. 6, 1, 1.
        With gen.: chryselectrum rapacissimum ignium, very ignitible, Plin. 37, 3, 12, § 51.
        As a poet. epithet of floods: amnes, Lucr. 5, 341: fluvii, id. 1, 17: unda, Cic. poët. N. D. 3, 10, 24: undae, Ov. M. 8, 550: Danubius, id. ad Liv. 397.
        Hence, transf., an appellation of the twenty-first legion and the soldiers composing it (qs. that sweeps every thing before it), Tac. H. 2, 43; 100; 3, 14; 18; 22.
  2. II. Trop. (rare), with gen., grasping, seizing eagerly or quickly, greedy, avaricious: nihil est rapacius quam natura, Cic. Lael. 14, 50: rapacia virtutis ingenia, Sen. Ep. 95, 36: nostri omnium utilitatum et virtutum rapacissimi, Plin. 25, 2, 2, § 4.

† răphănīnus, a, um, adj., = ῤαφάνινος, of radishes, made from radishes: oleum, Plin. 23, 4, 49, § 94.

† răphănītis, ĭdis, f., = ῤαφανῖτις, the sword-lily, Plin. 21, 7, 19, § 41.

† răphănos agrĭa, f., = ῤάφανος ἀγρία, a sort of wild-radish, Plin. 26, 8, 46, § 72.

† răphănus, i, m. (f., Pall. 9, 5), = ῤάφανος, a radish, Plin. 19, 5, 26, § 78 sqq.; 20, 4, 12, § 22; Col. 11, 3, 47; 59; Cato, R. R. 35, 2; Cat. 15, 19.

rāpīcĭus, a, um, adj. [rapum], of or belonging to rapes or turnips, rape-, turnip-: coles, Cato, R. R. 35, 2: semen, rape-seed, id. ib. 134, 1.
As subst.: rāpīcĭi, ōrum, m. (sc. caules), turnip-shoots, young turnipplants, Plin. 18, 13, 34, § 127.

răpĭdē, adv., v. rapidus fin.

răpĭdĭtas, ātis, f. [rapidus], swiftness of a stream that carries all before it; velocity, rapidity (only in the foll. passages): fluminis, Caes. B. C. 1, 62, 2; id. B. G. 4, 17, 2; Front. Strat. 1, 6, 2.

* răpĭdŭlus, a, um, adj. dim. [id.], swift, rapid: sonitus, Mart. Cap. 8, § 804.

răpĭdus, a, um, adj. [rapio], tearing away, seizing.

  1. I. Lit. (very rare, and only poet.): ferae, Ov. H. 10, 96; 11, 111 (but in Lucr. 4, 712, the correct read. is rabidi leones).
    Of hunting-dogs: agmen, a tearing, fierce pack, Ov. M. 3, 242; cf. Lucr. 5, 890.
    Of fierce, consuming heat: aestus, Verg. E. 2, 10: sol, id. G. 1, 92: Sirius, id. ib. 4, 425: flamma, Ov. M. 2, 123: ignis, Verg. G. 4, 263; Ov. M. 7, 326; 8, 225; 12, 274.
    Of a consuming pyre, Ov. Tr. 1, 7, 20.
    As epithet of the sea (qs. devouring), Tib. 1, 2, 40 (al. rabidus).
  2. II. Transf., tearing or hurrying along, swift, quick, rapid (the predom. and class. signif.; esp. freq. in the poets).
      1. 1. Of waters: fluvius, Plaut. Bacch. 1, 1, 52; id. Men. prol. 64 sq.: torrens, Verg. A. 2, 305: amnis, Hor. S. 1, 10, 62; Lucr. 1, 14: flumen, Caes. B. C. 1, 50; Hor. S. 2, 3, 242; Tib. 1, 2, 44 Huschk. N. cr.; Quint. 6, 2, 6 al.; cf.: lapsus fluminum (along with celeres venti), Hor. C. 1, 12, 9: Tigris, id. ib. 4, 14, 46: procellae, Prop. 2, 16 (3, 8), 45: undae (as a mere epitheton ornans), Ov. M. 7, 6.
        Sup.: flumen, Caes. B. C. 1, 50 fin.
      2. 2. Of other hurrying, rapidly moving things: turbo, Lucr. 6, 668; cf. venti, Verg. A. 6, 75: Notus, Hor. C. 1, 28, 21: ignis Jovis, Verg. A. 1, 42: sol, Hor. C. 2, 9, 12; cf.: axis (solis), Ov. F. 3, 518: orbis, id. M. 2, 73; and: caelum, Stat. Th. 1, 197: equi, Ov. F. 5, 592; cf.: volucris rapidissima, id. M. 2, 716: manus, Verg. A. 8, 442: currus, id. ib. 12, 478; cf. cursus, id. ib. 12, 683: agmen, Tac. H. 2, 30; cf. Verg. A. 11, 906: bella, Claud. Cons. Stil. 1, 188: impetus, Flor. 4, 7, 12: venenum, i. e. quickworking, Tac. A. 12, 67; so, virus, id. ib. 13, 15 fin.: pestis, Sil. 7, 351: vires, id. 4, 678.
    1. B. Trop., hurried, impetuous, vehement, hasty: oratio, Cic. Fin. 2, 1, 3: rapidus in consiliis, over-hasty, precipitate, Liv. 22, 12 fin.: rapidus proelia miscet, Sil. 1, 266: rapidus in urbem vectus, Tac. H. 2, 54.
      Hence, adv.: răpĭdē, acc. to II., hurriedly, hastily, quickly, rapidly: dilapsus (fluvius), Cic. Leg. 2, 3, 6: iter confecit (along with festinanter), Suet. Calig. 43.
      Comp.: eo rapidius … venit Rigodulum, Tac. H. 4, 71.
      Trop.: quod (παθητικόν) cum rapide fertur, sustineri nullo pacto potest, Cic. Or. 37, 128.

1. răpīna, ae, f. [rapio].

  1. I. Robbery, plundering, pillage, rapine (class.; in anteAug. prose, as also in Tac., Suet., Verg., and Hor., only in plur.; syn. praeda): nihil cogitant, nisi caedes, nisi incendia, nisi rapinas, Cic. Cat. 2, 5, 10: avaritia in rapinis, id. Div. in Caecil. 1, 3: hostem rapinis prohibere, Caes. B. G. 1, 15; Hirt. B. G. 8, 25, 1: spes rapinarum, Cass. ap. Cic. Fam. 12, 12, 3; Sall. C. 5, 2; 16, 4; 57, 1; Vell. 2, 32 fin.; 2, 83, 2; Cat. 19, 19 al.: an furtis pereamve rapinis, Hor. S. 2, 3, 157.
    In sing., esp. the act of robbery, the business or habit of plunder: per latrocinia ac rapinam tolerantes vitam, Liv. 26, 40, 17: a rapinā hostium templa vindicare, Just. 8, 2, 9: bonorum atque hominum, id. 8, 5, 9: cum rapinae occasio deesset, id. 21, 3, 1; 43, 2, 9; Val. Max. 6, 8, 7; 9, 3, 7; Sen. Polyb. 3, 4; id. ad Marc. 10, 4; id. Const. 6, 2; id. Ep. 72, 8; Col. 8, 11, 1: terra patuit invita rapinae, Ov. M. 5, 492; 10, 28: ad nullius rei rapinam, Front. Strat. 4, 1, 9; so, alimenti, a withdrawing, Plin. 17, 24, 37, § 239; 2, 68, 68, § 173: dum ei rapinam fecit, Dig. 31, 1, 88, § 16: promissae signa rapinae, of carrying off, Ov. M. 14, 818.
      1. 2. Concr., prey, plunder, booty (poet. and late Lat.); abstractaeque boves abjurataeque rapinae, * Verg. A. 8, 263: piscator ferat aequorum rapinas, Mart. 10, 87, 18; 8, 78, 8: et rapina pauperis in domo vestrā, Vulg. Isa. 3, 14; 33, 23.
        Plur.: rapinas dissipare, Vulg. Dan. 11, 24.
  2. * II. A collecting together, removing: opum suarum, Auct. Aetn. 611.

2. rāpīna, ae, f. [rapum].

  1. I. A turnip-field, Col. 11, 2, 71.
  2. II. Transf., a turnip, rape, Cato, R. R. 5, 8; 35, 2; Inscr. Fratr. Arv. 41, 30 (2270 ap. Orell.).

* răpīnātĭo, ōnis, f. [1. rapina], plundering, rapine, pillage: rapinationes facere, M. Aur. ap. Front. 2, 15.

răpīnātor, ōris, m. [1. rapina], a robber, only Lucil. and Varr. ap. Non. 129, 29, and 167, 20 sq.

răpĭo, pŭi, ptum, 3 (old perf. subj. rapsit, Cic. Leg. 2, 9, 22; part. perf. fem. ex raptabus, Gell. ap. Charis. p. 39 P.), v. a. [root ἁρπ; Gr. ἅρπη, a bird of prey, ἁρπαγή, ἁρπάζω; Lat. rapidus, rapax, rapina, etc.; cf. Sanscr. lup-, lumpāmi, rumpo; Gr. λῦπή], to seize and carry off, to snatch, tear, drag, draw, or hurry away, = violenter sive celeriter capio (freq. and class.; in Cæs. not at all, and in Cic. mostly in the trop. signif.; cf.: ago, fero, traho, capio, sumo).

  1. I. Lit.
    1. A. In gen., Plaut. Rud. 3, 6, 15; 30; 31: quo rapitis me? quo fertis me? id. Men. 5, 7, 10; cf. Verg. A. 6, 845; Ov. M. 9, 121: quo me cunque rapit tempestas? Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 15; cf. id. C. 3, 25, 1: sumasne pudenter an rapias, snatch, id. Ep. 1, 17, 45; cf. id. S. 1, 5, 76: hostes vivos rapere soleo ex acie: ex hoc nomen mihi est (sc. Harpax), Plaut. Ps. 2, 2, 60: te ex lustris uxor, id. As. 5, 2, 84: volucri spe et cogitatione rapi a domo, Cic. Rep. 2, 4, 7: ab aede rapuit funale, Ov. M. 12, 247: torrem ab aris, id. ib. 12, 271: deque sinu matris ridentem . . . Learchum . . . rapit, id. ib. 4, 516 (for which, simply sinu, id. ib. 13, 450): hastam, de vulnere, id. ib. 5, 137: telum, Verg. A. 10, 486: repagula de posti, Ov. M. 5, 120: (frondes) altā rapit arbore ventus, id. ib. 3, 730: vi atque ingratis … rapiam te domum, Plaut. Mil. 2, 5, 40: aliquem sublimem domum, id. As. 5, 2, 18; cf.: sublimem, id. Mil. 5, 1; id. Men. 5, 7, 6; Ter. And. 5, 2, 20: commeatum in naves rapiunt, Liv. 41, 3: aliquem in jus, Plaut. Rud. 3, 6, 21; so, in jus, id. Poen. 5, 5, 56; Hor. S. 1, 9, 77; 2, 3, 72; cf.: in jus ad regem, Liv. 1, 26: in carcerem, Suet. Tib. 11; 61: aliquem ad cornuficem, Plaut. Poen. 1, 2, 156; id. Bacch. 4, 4, 37: ad praetorem, id. Aul. 4, 10, 30: ad supplicium ob facinus, Cic. de Or. 2, 59, 238: ad mortem, id. Verr. 2, 5, 52, § 138; id. Cat. 1, 10, 27: ad tortorem, id. Tusc. 5, 5, 13: ad poenam, Suet. Claud. 10; 37; id. Vit. 14: ad consulem, Liv. 10, 20: matres, virgines, pueros ad stuprum, id. 26, 13: teneram virginem ad virum, Cat. 61, 3 (cf.: rapi simulatur virgo ex gremio matris, aut, si ea non est, ex proximā necessitudine, cum ad virum traditur, quod videlicet ea res feliciter Romulo cessit, Fest. p. 289 Müll.): illum (sc. lembum) in praeceps prono rapit alveus amni, Verg. G. 1, 203: nec variis obsita frondibus Sub divum rapiam, drag into open day, Hor. C. 1, 18, 13.
      Poet.: Nasonis carmina rapti, i. e. torn from his home, borne far away, Ov. P. 4, 16, 1; cf. id. H. 13, 9; Stat. S. 3, 5, 6.
    2. B. With the idea of swiftness predominating: Turnus rapit Totam aciem in Teucros, Verg. A. 10, 308: rapit agmina ductor, Luc. 1, 228: agmina cursu, Sil. 7, 116: legiones, Plin. Pan. 14: curru rapi, Sil. 1, 134: quattuor hinc rapimur raedis, Hor. S. 1, 5, 86: Notus rapit biremes, Sil. 17, 276: carinas venti rapuere, Luc. 3, 46: rapit per aequora navem, hurries it away, Verg. A. 10, 660; cf.: ventis per aequora, Ov. M. 14, 470: missos currus, Hor. S. 1, 1, 114: pedes quo te rapiunt, id. C. 3, 11, 49: arma rapiat juventus, snatch up, Verg. A. 7, 340; so, arma, Ov. M. 2, 603: arma manu, Verg. A. 8, 220: bipennem dextrā, id. ib. 11, 651: cingula, id. ib. 9, 364.
      1. 2. With reflex. pron., to hasten, hurry, tear one’s self, etc.: ocius hinc te Ni rapis, Hor. S. 2, 7, 118; cf. Ov. Am. 3, 5, 29: se ad caedem optimi cujusque, Cic. Phil. 13, 8, 18.
    3. C. In partic.
      1. 1. To carry off by force; to seize, rob, ravish; to plunder, ravage, lay waste, take by assault, carry by force, etc. (very freq.; cf. praedor), Plaut. Men. 1, 3, 11: erat ei vivendum latronum ritu, ut tantum haberet, quantum rapere potuisset, Cic. Phil. 2, 25, 62: tamquam pilam rapiunt inter se rei publicae statum tyranm ab regibus, id. Rep. 1, 44, 68: virgines rapi jussit … quae raptae erant, etc., id. ib. 2, 7, 12; 2, 8, 14; so, virgines, to carry off, abduct, Sall. C. 51, 9; Liv. 1, 9; Quint. 7, 7, 3; 9, 2, 70; Hor. C. 2, 4, 8; Ov. M. 12, 225; id. A. A. 1, 680: raptus a dis Ganymedes, Cic. Tusc. 1, 26, 65: ab Idā, Hor. C. 3, 20, 16: omne sacrum rapiente dextrā, id. ib. 3, 3, 52: alii rapiunt incensa feruntque Pergama, pillage and plunder, Verg. A. 2, 374 (the Homeric ἄγουσι και φέρουσι; for which, in prose, ferre et agere; v. ago); cf.: rapturus moenia Romae, Luc. 3, 99: Theumeson, to seize by force, Stat. Th. 4, 370: Armeniam, to plunder, lay waste, Tac. A. 13, 6: Karthaginem, Sil. 15, 401: urbem, Stat. Th. 7, 599: raptas ad litora vertere praedas, Verg. A. 1, 528.
        Absol.: rapio propalam, Plaut. Ep. 1, 1, 10: ut Spartae, rapere ubi pueri et clepere discunt, Cic. Rep. 4, 5, 11 (Non. 20, 14): agunt, rapiunt, tenent, id. Rep. 3, 33, 45 Mos.; cf. along with trahere, Sall. C. 11, 4; id. J. 41, 5; with congerere, auferre, Mart. 8, 44, 9.
        With the idea of rapidity predominating: castra urbesque primo impetu rapere, to conquer rapidly (= raptim capere), Liv. 6, 23, 5 Drak.; so, castra, Flor. 3, 20, 4; 4, 12, 34: Bithyniam, id. 3, 5, 6: Hispaniam, id. 2, 17, 6: arces, Luc. 6, 14.
        Part. perf. subst.
          1. (α) rapta, ae, f., the ravished one, the seduced: gratus raptae raptor fuit, Ov. A. A. 1, 680; id. H. 5, 97; 13, 55; 16, 339; id. F. 4, 607.
          2. (β) raptum, i, n., the plunder, that which is stolen: rapto vivere, to live by robbery, Liv. 7, 25 fin.; 22, 39; 28, 24: Quint. 3, 7, 24; Sen. Ep. 70 fin.; Curt. 3, 10 fin.; Just. 41, 4, 7; Verg. A. 7, 749; Ov. M. 11, 291; id. Tr. 5, 10, 16; for which: ex rapto vivere, id. M. 1, 144; so, rapto gaudere, Liv. 29, 6, 3 Drak.: rapto potiri, Verg. A. 4, 217: rapto uti, Vell. 2, 73, 3: sine rapto vivere, id. 2, 32 fin.
      2. 2. To cut off, mutilate (poet.): caput, Sil. 15, 807: ora gladio, id. 7, 704: rapuit non dente ferarum, Luc. 10, 517.
      3. 3. To carry off suddenly or prematurely by death, to snatch away (poet. and in post-Aug. prose): improvisa leti Vis rapuit rapietque gentes, Hor. C. 2, 13, 20; so id. ib. 2, 17, 5; 4, 2, 21; id. Ep. 1, 14, 7; Verg. A. 6, 428; Ov. P. 4, 11, 5; Stat. S. 2, 1, 208; 5, 3, 16; Plin. 7, 8, 6, § 46; Suet. Calig. 7; Just. 2, 2, 13 (but Liv. 3, 50, 8: fato erepta, v. Drak.)
        Absol.: et labor et durae rapit inclementia mortis, i. e. hurries on, Verg. G. 3, 68: RAPTA EST = obiit, Inscr. Orell. 4475.
  2. II. Transf. (poet.), of any action or motion which resembles seizing, snatching, etc.: flammanm, to catch quickly, Verg. A. 1, 176; Ov. M. 3, 374; cf.: incendia, id. ib. 15, 350: nigrum colorem, to take or assume quickly, id. ib. 7, 289; cf.: vim monstri, id. ib. 4, 744; and v. III.: Halesus Turno feroces Mille rapit populos, leads hastily on, Verg. A. 7, 725; cf. id. ib. 10, 178: rapiuntque ruuntque; Litora deseruere, take hold, seize in haste (the cables, etc.), id. ib. 4, 581; cf.: scalas, Auct. B. Alex. 20, 4.
    Of the gliding movement of a serpent nec rapit immensos orbes per humum, sweeps along, Verg. G. 2, 153: pars densa ferarum Tecta rapit, i. e. range quickly through, Verg. A. 6, 8 Heyne; cf.: acrior et campum sonipes rapit, Stat. Th. 5, 3.
  3. III. Trop.
    1. A. In gen., to snatch, force, or hurry away: fertur quasi torrens oratio, quamvis multa cujusquemodi rapiat, Cic. Fin. 2, 1, 3: ipsae res verba rapiunt, carry along with them, id. ib. 3, 5, 19: aspice me quanto rapiat Fortuna periclo, carries away (the figure taken from a storm at sea), Prop. 1, 15, 3: aliquem in deteriorem viam, Plaut. Trin. 3, 2, 54; cf.: (comoediam) in pejorem partem, i. e. to put a bad construction upon, to misconstrue, misrepresent, Ter. Ad. prol. 3: consilium meum in contrariam partem, Pollio ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 33, 2: aliquem in invidiam, Cic. Agr. 3, 2, 7: opinionibus vulgi rapimur in errorem, id. Leg. 2, 17, 43: si quis in adversum rapiat casusve deusve, Verg. A. 9, 211; Cic. Tusc. 5, 5, 13: cum aliqua his ampla et honesta res objecta est, totos ad se convertit et rapit, seizes upon, appropriates, id. Off. 2, 10, 37; cf.: commoda ad se, id. ib. 3, 5, 22: victoriae gloriam in se, Liv. 33, 11 fin.: almum Quae rapit hora diem, snatches away, Hor. C. 4, 7, 8; cf.: simul tecum solatia rapta, Verg. E. 9, 18: impetus rapit huc, rapit illuc, Stat. Th. 12, 794.
    2. B. In partic.
      1. 1. To carry along or away with passion, to transport, ravish, captivate; and with a designation of the limit, to carry or hurry away, to attract strongly to any thing (usually in a bad sense): impetu raptus, Quint. 7, 2, 44: judicem rapere, id. 6, 2, 3; cf. id. 10, 1, 110; 12, 10, 61: praedae ac rapinarum cupiditas caeca te rapiebat, Cic. Pis. 24, 57: amentiā rapi, id. Fam. 16, 12, 2: furorne caecus, an rapit vis acrior, An culpa? Hor. Epod. 7, 13; cf.: in medias res auditorem, id. A. P. 149: utraque forma rapit, Prop. 2, 25 (3, 20), 44: quem (sc. leonem) cruenta Per medias rapit ira caedes, Hor. C. 3, 2, 12: rapit omnes ira, Sil. 14, 299: ὁρμή, quae hominem huc et illuc rapit, Cic. Off. 1, 28 fin.; cf. Verg. A. 4, 286; 8, 21: ad quas (res) plerique inflammati aviditate rapiuntur, Cic. Off. 2, 11, 38: animus cupidine caecus ad inceptum scelus rapiebat, Sall. J. 25, 7: ea (cupiditas) ad oppugnandam Capuam rapit, Liv. 7, 30 et saep.
        In a good sense: qui ad divinarum rerum cognitionem curā omni studioque rapiantur, Cic. Div. 1, 49, 111: rapi ad opes augendas generis humani, id. Rep. 1, 2, 3.
        Poet., with inf. (for ad aliquid): (mundus) rapit aetherios per carmina pandere census, Manil. 1, 12.
      2. 2. To seize by violence, to snatch, steal (poet.): Hippodameam raptis nactu’st nuptiis, Enn. ap. Cic. Tusc. 3, 12, 26 (Trag. v. 398 Vahl.): oscula, Hor. C. 2, 12, 28; Tib. 1, 4, 53; 55; 1, 8, 58; cf.: Venerem incertam, Hor. S. 1, 3, 109; cf.: sed rapiat sitiens Venerem, but may eagerly seize upon, Verg. G. 3, 137: illicitas voluptates, Tac. H. 3, 41: spem adoptionis acrius in dies, id. ib. 1, 13 fin.: quo facinore dominationem raptum ierit expediam, id. A. 4, 1; cf. id. H. 2, 6.
      3. 3. With the idea of rapidity or haste predominating, to snatch, seize, or lay hold of quickly, to hasten, precipitate (poet.; in prose only since the Aug. per.): vive, Ulixes, dum licet: Oculis postremum lumen radiatum rape: non dixit cape, non pete; haberet enim moram sperantis diutius sese victurum; sed rape, Cic. de Or. 3, 40, 162 (from an old poet.): rapiamus, amici, Occasionem de die, Hor. Epod. 13, 3; so, occasionem, Juv. 15, 39: viam, to hasten, Ov. H. 19, 74 Loers; cf. iter, Sil. 12, 471: gressus, Luc. 3, 116: cursus, id. 5, 403: letum, id. 4, 345: bellum, to wage suddenly, id. 5, 403: nefas, to hasten, precipitate, id. 10, 428: ut limis rapias, quid prima secundo Cera velit versu, may hastily note, Hor. S. 2, 5, 53 al.
        In prose: raptae prope inter arma nuptiae, Liv. 30, 14, 2 Drak.: repente impetu facto transitum rapuit, Front. Strat. 1, 4, 8: inter rapienda momenta periculorum communium, Amm. 18, 7, 7 et saep.
      4. 4. In late Lat., to strive for in purchasing: exemplaria litterarum certatim, Hier. Ep. 57, 2: librum totā certatim urbe, Sulp. Sev. Dial. 1, 23.

rāpistrum, i, n. [rapum], the wildrape; Col. 9, 4, 5.

* răpo, ōnis, m. [rapio], a robber (anteclass.; v. raptor), Varr. ap. Non. 26, 32.

‡ rapso, āre, i. q. rapto, to snatch or hurry away: RAPSATA, Inscr. Orell. 4859.

raptim, adv. [raptus, from rapio], by snatching or hurrying away, i. e.,

  1. I. Violently, greedily, rapaciously (very rare): ludunt raptim pila, Nov. ap. Non. 96, 20: semine raptim avium fame devorato, Plin. 17, 14, 22, § 99.
    Far more freq. and class.,
  2. II. Hastily, suddenly, speedily, hurriedly: mittere, Lucr. 1, 662: haec scripsi raptim, ut, etc., Cic. Att. 2, 9, 1: cui donet inpermissa raptim Gaudia, Hor. C. 3, 6, 27: aliquem sequi, Liv 26, 5: omnia raptim atque turbate aguntur, Caes. B. C. 1, 5; cf.: raptim omnia praepropere agendo, Liv. 22, 19: praecipitata raptim consilia, id. 31, 32: proelium inire raptim et avide, id. 9, 35: ignis raptim factus, id. 21, 14: agmen ducere, Curt. 5, 13, 1; Tac. A. 1, 56: illa levem fugiens raptim secat aethera pennis, swiftly flying, Verg. G. 1, 409: fruaris tempore raptim, Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 198 et saep. (old form raptē, Ven. Fort. Vit. S. Mart. 4, 651).

raptĭo, ōnis, f. [rapio], a carrying off, abduction, ravishing, rape (ante- and postclass.): in raptione affuisse, * Ter. Ad. 3, 3, 2: Proserpinae, Arn. 5, 183: Helenae, Aus. Per. Iliad. prooem. § 4.

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