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Cōmum, i, n., = Κῶμον,

  1. I. a considerable town in Gallia Transpadana, the birthplace of the younger Pliny, now Como, Liv. 33, 36, 14; Plin. Ep. 1, 3, 1; Just. 20, 5, 8; Plin. 3, 17, 21, § 124; rebuilt by Caesar; hence also called Novum Comum (Νεόκωμον), Suet. Caes. 28.
    Hence,
  2. II. Cōmensis, e, adj., of or pertaining to Comum: ager, Liv. 33, 36, 9.
    Absol.: in Comensi, Plin. 2, 103, 106, § 232.
    Subst.: Cōmenses, ium, m., the inhabitants of Comum, Liv. 33, 36, 9; and id. 33, 37, 10; and, acc. to the later ap pel., Nŏvŏcōmensis, Cic. Fam. 13, 35, 1.

Nebiodūnum (Noviodūnum), i, n., a city of Lower Mœsia, Cod. Th. 10, 21, 1.

nŏvācŭla, ae, f. [novo],

  1. I. a sharp knife.
    1. A. Lit.: cutem raporum novaculā decerpere, Col. 12, 56, 1; Plin. 22, 23, 47, § 99.
    2. B. Esp.
      1. 1. A razor: ut ex novaculā comperistis, tonsor est, Petr. 103: aream (capitis) novaculā radere, Cels. 6, 4: nudare caput, Mart. 2, 66, 7: secare fauces, Suet. Calig. 23; Plin. 29, 6, 34, § 107: Tarquinius dixit, se cogitāsse, cotem novaculā posse praecidi, Cic. Div. 1, 17, 32; cf. Liv. 1, 36; Val. Max. 1, 4, 1.
      2. 2. A dagger: stringitur in densā nec caeca novacula turbā, Mart. 7, 61, 7.
  2. II. Transf., the name of a fish, otherwise unknown, Plin. 32, 2, 5, § 14.

nŏvālis, e, adj. [novus], in agriculture,

  1. I. that is ploughed anew or for the first time: ager restibilis, qui restituitur ac reseritur quotquot annis: contra qui intermittitur, a novando novalis, Varr. L. L. 5, § 39 Müll.; cf. id. ib. 6, § 59; Paul. ex Fest. p. 174 Müll.
    Hence,
  2. II. Subst.: nŏvālis, is, f. (sc. terra), and nŏvāle, is, n. (sc. solum).
      1. 1. Fallow land: alternis idem tonsas cessare novales, Verg. G. 1, 71: quae numquam vacuo solita est cessare novali … se nescit humus, Ov. P. 1, 4, 13; Pall. 1, 6; 2, 10: novale est, quod alternis annis seritur, Plin. 18, 19, 49, § 176; Col. 2, 2, 14: pabula fesso praebere novali, id. poët. 10, 84.
      2. 2. A field that has been ploughed for the first time: talis fere est in novalibus, caesā vetere silvā, Plin. 17, 5, 3, § 39; Dig. 47, 21, 3: novalis (dicitur), ubi fuit satum antequam secunda aratione renovetur, Varr. R. R. 1, 29, 1.
        Hence,
    1. B. Transf.
      1. 1. Unploughed land, meadow-land: ille subacto et puro solo gaudet, hic novali graminosoque gaudet, Col. 6, praef. 1.
      2. 2. A cultivated field (poet.): impius haec tam culta novalia miles habebit? Verg. E. 1, 71: dira novalia Cadmi, Stat. Th. 3, 644.
      3. 3. The standing crops: nec prius inde domum quam tota novalia saevos In ventres abeant (boum), Juv. 14, 148.

nŏvāmen, ĭnis, n. [novo], an innovation (post-class.), Tert. adv. Marc. 1, 20.

‡ Novānensis vīcus, a village on the Via Appia, not far from Calatia, Inscr. Marin. Fratr. Arv. p. 390.

‡ Nŏvāni, ōrum, m. [novus], colonists, immigrants, new residents, Inscr. Orell. 101; Inscr. Grut. 1022, 12.

Nŏvātĭāni, ōrum, m., the followers of Novatius of Carthage, Novatians, a sect of Christians, Lact. 4, 30, 10; Cod. 16, 5, 59 al.

Nŏvātilla, ae, f., a niece of Seneca the philosopher, Sen. Cons. ad Helv. 18, 7.

nŏvātĭo, ōnis, f. [novo], a renewing, renovation (post-class.).

  1. I. Lit., Tert. adv. Marc. 4, 1: pudendorum, i. e. shaving, Arn. 5, 182.
  2. II. Transf., a renewal or change of a bond or other evidence of debt: novatio est prioris debiti in aliam obligationem … transfusio atque translatio, Dig. 46, 2, 1; cf. the whole title: de novationibus et delegationibus, ib. 46, 2; 34, 3, 31; 33, 1, 21; debts and obligations were transferred only by novatio, Gai. Inst. 2, 38 sq.; 3, 176.

nŏvātor, ōris, m. [novo], a renewer, restorer (post-class.): verborum, i. e. who brings obsolete words again into use, Gell. 1, 15, 18: stirpis Anniae, Aus. Ep. 16, 32.

* nŏvātrix, īcis, f. [novator], she who renews or changes: rerum, Ov. M. 15, 252.

nŏvātus, ūs, m. [novo], a renewing, changing, change (late Lat.), Aus. Idyll. 14, 39.

nŏvē, adv., v. novus fin.

nŏvella, ae, v. 1. novellus, II.

nŏvellaster, tra, trum, adj. [novellus], rather new: vinum novellastrum, Marc. Emp. 8.

nŏvellē, adv., v. 1. novellus, I. fin.

nŏvellētum, i, n. [1. novellus], a place planted with young trees or vines, a nursery-garden (post-class.), Dig. 25, 1, 6; cf.: novelletum, νεόφυτον, νεοφυτεῖον, Gloss. Philox.

nŏvellĭtas, ātis, f. [1. novellus], newness, novelty (post-class.), Tert. Anim. 28; id. adv. Prax. 2.

nŏvello, āvi, ātum, 1, v. a. [1. novellus], to till new fields, to set out new vines (post-Aug.).

  1. I. Lit.: edixit ne quis in Italiā novellaret, Suet. Dom. 7.
  2. II. Trop.: vitam novellantes Deo, dedicating, renewing by devotion, Paul. Nol. Carm. 21, 659.

1. nŏvellus, a, um,

  1. I. adj. dim. [novus], young, new (esp. freq. in econom. lang.): capra, Varr. R. R. 2, 3: juvenci, id. ib. 1, 20: boves, Col. 6, 1, 3: sues, Plin. 11, 37, 84, § 211: vineae, Varr. R. R. 1, 31, 1; cf.: arbor et novella et vetula, Cic. Fin. 5, 14, 39: vites, Verg. E. 3, 11: novellae gallinae, which have hatched for the first time, Col. 8, 5, 8: oppida, newly founded, Liv. 2, 39, 3.
    Poet., turba, qs. young brood, for children, Tib. 2, 2, 22: cum regerem tenerā frena novella manu, new, Ov. P. 4, 12, 24; so, subtrahere colla novella jugo, id. ib. 3, 7, 16: novellum imperium, Vop. Tac. 1: novellas et inauditas sectas veteribus religionibus opponere, Mos. et Rom. Leg. Coll. 15, 3, 3.
    Hence, nŏvellē, adv., newly, = nove; in supposit., Plaut. Poen. 8.
  2. II. Subst.
    1. A. nŏvella, ae, f. (sc. vitis).
      1. 1. A vine newly planted, Coripp. Johann. 3, 327.
      2. 2. A shoot, sucker: filii tui sicut novellae olivarum, Vulg. Psa. 127, 3.
    2. B. Nŏvellae, ārum, f. (sc. constitutiones), the Novels, a part of the Roman law published after the Codex.

2. Nŏvellus, i, m., a Roman surname: Cn. et L. Gavilii Novelli, Aquileienses, Liv. 41, 5, 1 (but Gronov. regards it as adj., new colonists of Aquileia; cf. Liv. 40, 34, 2).

nŏvem, num. adj. card. [kindred to Sanscr. navan; Gr. ἐννέα; Germ. neun; Engl. nine], nine: novem orbibus, Cic. Rep. 6, 17, 17: sermo in novem et libros et dies distributus, id. Q. Fr. 3, 5, 1: milia passuum decem novem, nineteen, Caes. B. G. 1, 8.

Nŏvember and Nŏvembris, bris, adj., with or without mensis [novem], the ninth month of the old Roman year (which began with March), November: mense Octobri fecimus: Novembris reliquus erat, Cato ap. Prisc. p. 696 P.: Calendis Novembribus, Col. 11, 2, 77; Mart. 3, 58, 8: implent tricenas per singula menstrua luces Junius, Aprilis et cum Septembre November, Aus. Ecl. de Dieb. Sing. Mens.

nŏvemdĕcim, v. novendecim.

nŏvēnārĭus, a, um, adj. [novem], consisting of nine: numerus, Varr. L. L. 9, § 86 Müll.: natura, id. ib.; cf. Macr. Somn. Scip. 2, 2; Aus. Idyll. 11: sulcus, three feet in breadth and three in depth, Plin. 17, 11, 15, § 77.

nŏven-dĕcim and nŏvemdĕcim, num. adj. card. [novem-decem], nineteen: centum septemdecim milia trecenta novemdecim, Liv. 3, 24 fin.: cum annos novendecim haberet, id. Epit. 18 Weissenb.; v. Drak. ad loc.

nŏvendĭal, ālis, v. novendialis, II.

nŏvendĭālis, e, adj. [novem-dies], nine-day, of nine days.

  1. I. That lasts nine days, a nine-days’ festival, which was solemnized on the occasion of a prodigy announcing misfortune (esp. a shower of stones): novendiale sacrum, Liv. 1, 31; 21, 62; 23, 31; 25, 7; 26, 23; 27, 37 et saep.: sacrificium, id. 38, 36, 4: novendiales feriae, Cic. Q. Fr. 3, 5, 1; cf.: novendiales feriae a numero dierum sunt dictae, Paul. ex Fest. p. 176 Müll.
  2. II. That takes place on the ninth day; of offerings and feasts for the dead, which were celebrated on the ninth day after the funeral: novendiale dicitur sacrificium quod mortuo fit nonā die quā sepultus est, Porphyr. ad Hor. Epod. 17, 49; cf.: novendialia, ἔννατα ἐπί νεκροῦ ἀγόμενα, Gloss. Philox.; cf. also Serv. Verg. A. 5, 64.
    These solemnities were also called, subst., nŏvendĭal, is, n.: nescio utrum inveniatur, alicui sanctorum in Scripturis celebratum esse luctum novem dies, quod apud Latinos novendial appellant, Aug. Quaest. in Heptat. 1 Quaest. 172: novendialis cena, the funeral banquet held on the ninth day, Tac. A. 6, 5: Novendiales pulveres ( = recentes), Hor. Epod. 17, 48; v. Orell. ad h. 1.
    Prov.: exstincto populo etiam novendialis tarde venit, said of one who brings assistance when too late, Ps.-Quint. Decl. 12, 23.

nŏvennis, e, adj. [novem-annus], of nine years (post-class.): filius, Lact. Mort. Persec. 20, 4.

Nŏvensĭdes or Nŏvensĭles, dii, ĭum, m. [novus-insideo], the new gods (those received from abroad, in opp. to indigetes, the native gods): Feronia, Minerva, Novensides a Sabinis, Varr. L. L. 5, § 74 Müll. N. cr.; cf., respecting the form with d, Mar. Victorin. p. 2470 P.: Cincius numina peregrina novitate ex ipsā appellata pronuntiat, Arn. 3, 38 Orell.; cf. id. 3, 39 fin.: Jane, Juppiter, Mars pater, Quirine, Bellona, Lares, Divi Novensiles, Dii Indigetes, etc., a form of prayer in Liv. 8, 9, 6; cf. Mart. Cap. 1, § 46.

nŏvēnus, a, um, num. adj. distr. [novem], nine each, nine: ut virgines ter novenae per urbem euntes carmen canerent, Liv. 27, 37: terga novena boūm, Ov. M. 12, 97: novenorum conceptu dierum, Plin. 3, 5, 9, § 53; in sing., Stat. S. 1, 2, 4.

nŏverca, ae, f. [for noverica, qs. νεαρική, the new one], a step-mother, step-dame.

  1. I. Lit., Afran. ap. Non. 393, 26: uxor generi, noverca filii, filiae paelex, Cic. Clu. 70, 199: cum is (Hippolytus) patri suspectus esset de novercā, id. Off. 3, 25, 94: saeviores tragicis novercas, Quint. 2, 10, 5 Spald.: injusta, Verg. E. 3, 33: saeva, id. G. 2, 128: scelerata, Ov. F. 3, 853: lurida terribiles miscent aconita novercae, id. M. 1, 147; Gai. Inst. 1, 63; 3, 14; Juv. 6, 403.
    Prov.: apud novercain queri, i. e. in vain, Plaut. Ps. 1, 3, 80.
    1. B. Trop.: rerum ipsa natura in eo … non parens sed noverca fuerit, si, etc., Quint. 12, 1, 2: quorum noverca est Italia, i. e. who are not natives of Italy, Vell. 2, 4, 4; so, viles operae, quorum est mea Roma noverca, Petr. poët. Sat. 122, 166.
  2. II. Transf.: nŏvercae, ārum, f.
      1. 1. Ditches which drain off the waler imperfectly and slowly, Agrim. ap. Goes. 119; 142; 143 al.
      2. 2. A rough piece of land (so called in allusion to the iniquitas novercae), Hyg. Mun. Castr. § 57 Lange.

nŏvercālis, e, adj. [noverca], of or belonging to a step-mother (post-class.).

  1. I. Lit.: novercales ibat venator in agros Ascanius, of Dido, Stat. S. 5, 2, 118: atque novercali sedes praelata Lavino, called after Ascanius’s step-mother, Lavinia, Juv. 12, 71: Mycenae, i. e. sacred to Juno, the stepmother of Bacchus, Stat. Th. 7, 177.
  2. II. Transf., of or like a step-mother, i. e. hostile, malevolent: novercalia odia, Tac. A. 12, 2: novercales Liviae in Agrippinam stimuli, id. ib. 1, 33: novercalibus oculis aliquem intueri, Sen. Contr. 4, 6: erat circa illum Zenobia novercali animo, Treb. XXX. Tyrann. 16.

nŏvercor, āri, v. dep. [noverca], to act the step-mother to, to treat with harshness: alicui, Sid. Ep. 7, 14 med.

Nŏvesĭum, ii, n., a city in Gallia Belgica, on the Rhine, the mod. Neuss, Tac. H. 4, 26; 33, 35; 5, 22; its fortifications were restored by Julian A. D. 359, Amm. 18, 2, 4.

nōvi, v. nosco.

Nŏvĭa, ae, v. Novius.

Nŏvĭānus, a, um, v. Novius.

nŏvīcĭō (nŏvīt-), adv., v. novicius fin.

nŏvīcĭŏlus, a, um, adj. dim. [novicius], rather new (post-class.), Tert. Apol. 47; id. Poen. 6.

nŏvīcĭus (late Lat. -ītĭus), a, um, adj. [novus; cf. Varr. L. L. 6, § 59 Müll.], new (mostly confined to technical lang.): novum novicium dicimus et proprium propicium augere atque intendere volentes novi et proprii significationem, Alfen. ap. Gell. 6, 5, 1: quaestus, Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 92: vinum, Plin. 23, 1, 23, § 41.
Esp. freq. of slaves who have only recently lost their freedom: recens captus homo, nuperus et novicius, Plaut. Capt. 3, 5, 60: servi, Varr. L. L. 8, § 6 Müll.: de grege noviciorum, Cic. Pis. 1, 1: venales novicios accepimus, Quint. 8, 2, 8: puellae, Ter. Eun. 3, 5, 34: turba grammaticorum, Gell. 11, 1, 5; cf.: novicios philosophorum sectatores, id. 1, 9, 11: statuae Lupercorum, Plin. 34, 5, 10, § 18: colores, id. 35, 6, 29, § 48: jam sedet in ripā tetrumque novicius horret Porthmea, newly arrived, a novice, Juv. 3, 265.
As subst.: nŏ-vīcĭum, i, n. (sc. verbum), a newly-coined word, an innovation in language: at noviciis nostris per quot annos sermo Latinus repugnat! Quint. 1, 12, 9.
Hence, adv.: nŏvīcĭō (nŏvīt-), newly: (Luci) Qui novicio capti sunt, Serv. Verg. A. 11, 316 (acc. to a conject. of Marini, Fratr. Arv. p. 309).

nŏvĭes (-ĭens), num. adv. [novem], nine times: ter novies, Varr. R. R. 1, 2 fin.: noviens Styx interfusa, Verg. G. 4, 480: novem novies, Sen. Ep. 58, 31.

nŏvĭes-dĕcĭes, num. adv., nineteen times, Prisc. 1355 P.

nŏvĭlūnĭum, ii, n. [novus-luna], the new moon (late Lat. for nova luna; cf. interlunium), Vulg. 3 Esdr. 5, 57; 9, 37 al.

Nŏvĭŏdūnum, i, n., the name of several cities in Gaul.

  1. I. A city of the Bituriges, near the mod. Nouan, Caes. B. G. 7, 12, 2; 7, 55.
  2. II. A city of the Æduans, on the Loire, the mod. Nevers, Caes. B. G. 7, 55, 1.
  3. III. A city of the Suessones, the mod. Soissons, Caes. B. G. 2, 12, 1

Nŏviŏmagus, v. Nivomagus.

* nŏvissĭmālis, e, adj. [novissimus], of or belonging to the last, final: particulae (versuum) finales seu novissimales, Mar. Victorin. p. 2519 P.

nŏvissĭmē, adv., v. novus fin.

nŏvissĭmus, adj., v. novus, II.

nŏvĭtas, ātis, f. [novus], a being new, newness, novelty.

  1. I. In gen.: rei novitas, Cic. Div. 2, 28, 60: gratiam novitati similem parant, Quint. 1, 6, 39: novitatis gratiā, id. 9, 3, 58: plus novitatis, id. 8, 3, 74: (figura) ipsā novitate ac varietate magis delectat, id. 9, 2. 66.
    In plur., new acquaintances, friendships: novitates, si spem afferunt, non sunt illae quidem repudiandae, vetustas tamen loco suo conservanda, Cic. Lael. 19, 68.
    Poet.: anni, i. e. the spring, Ov. F. 1, 160.
    Adverb.: AD NOVITATEM, anew, newly, Inscr. Orell. 3278.
  2. II. In partic.
    1. A. Rareness, strangeness, unusualness: sceleris atque periculi novitas, Sall. C. 4, 4: perturbatis nostris novitate pugnae, Caes. B. G. 4, 34: rerum, Ov. M. 2, 31: adjuta est novitas numine nostra dei, this novel attempt, id. P. 4, 13, 24; so in plur., Inscr. Grut. 337.
    2. B. The condition of a homo novus, newness of rank: novitas mea, Cic. Fam. 1, 7, 8: contemnunt novitatem meam, ego illorum ignaviam, Sall. J. 85, 14 (shortly before: comparate hunc cum illorum superbiā me hominem novum): quibus novitas familiae haud obstitit, Vell. 2, 127, 1.
  3. III. Trop., newness, reformation. In eccl. Lat.: in novitate vitae, Vulg. Rom. 6, 4.

nŏvĭter, adv., v. novus fin.

nŏvītĭō, adv., v. novicius fin.

nŏvītĭŏlus, nŏvītĭus, v. novic-.

Nŏvĭus, a, the name of a Roman gens.

  1. A. Masc.
    1. 1. Novius, a famous writer of Atellane plays, a contemporary of Pomponius, about A. U. C. 650-670: Novius probatissimus Atellanarum scriptor ait, etc., Macr. S. 1, 10, 3; Cic. de Or. 2, 63, 255; 2, 69, 279; cf. Gell. 15, 13, 4; 17, 2, 8; Non. 81, 22 sq. et saep.
      Hence, Nŏvĭānus, a, um, adj., of or belonging to Novius (the Atellane poet), Novian: oratiunculae, M. Aurel. ap. Front. Ep. ad M. Caes. 2, 13 Mai.: fullones, Tert. Pall. 4; v. fullo, I.
    2. 2. L. Novius, a tribune of the people and enemy of Clodius, Ascon. ad Cic. Mil. p. 47 Orell.
    3. 3. Another Novius, Hor. S. 1, 6, 40 (perh. a fictitious name, i. q. Newcomer, Upstart).
    4. 4. A fortune-hunter, Juv. 12, 111.
  2. B. Fem.: Nŏvĭa, ae, the wife of Oppianicus, Cic. Clu. 9, 27.

nŏvo, āvi, ātum, 1, v. a. [novus].

  1. I. Lit., to make new, to renew: ipsi transtra novant, Verg. A. 5, 752: nullā prole novare viros, Ov. F. 1, 622: gregem, Stat. Th. 10, 229: fessa membra, to refresh, Ov. H. 4, 90: vivāque nitentia lymphā membra novat, Val. Fl. 3, 423: ardorem, Liv. 26, 19, 2: vulnera mentis, Ov. P. 4, 11, 20; to break up fallow ground: novate novale, Vulg. Jer. 4, 3: ager novatus, a field ploughed again, prepared for sowing: agro non semel arato sed novato et iterato, Cic. de Or. 2, 30, 131; Ov. P. 4, 2, 44.
    To invent, coin, etc.: verba, Cic. de Or. 3, 37, 149; cf. id. ib. 3, 38, 154; so, verbum aut inusitatum aut novatum aut translatum, id. ib. 3, 38, 152: multa novantur in omni genere materiae, Quint. 5, 10, 106: novata forma dicendi, id. 9, 1, 14: ignotum hoc aliis ipse novavit opus, Ov. A. A. 3, 346.
  2. II. Transf., to change, alter.
    1. A. In gen.: aliquid in legibus, Cic. Leg. 3, 5, 12: nomen faciemque, Ov. M. 4, 540: hoc quoque novat (Aristoteles), quod prooemio non narrationem subjungit, sed propositionem, i. e. deviates from the rule, Quint. 3, 9, 5.
    2. B. In partic., in a political respect: novare res, to alter the existing constitution, to overthrow the government, make or effect a revolution: res, Liv. 1, 52: novandi res aliquam occasionem quaerentes, id. 24, 23, 6: omnia novare velle, id. 35, 34; 32, 38 fin.: Civilis novare res hoc modo coepit, Tac. H. 4, 14.
      Also absol.: novare: ubi primum dubiis rebus novandi spes oblata est, Sall. C. 39, 3; Liv. 42, 31; Tac. A. 4, 18; cf. impers. pass.: ne quid eo spatio novaretur, Sall. C. 55, 1.

Nŏvŏcōmensis, e, adj., v. Comum.

Novomagus, v. Nivomagus.

Nŏvum Cōmum, v. Comum.

nŏvus, a, um, adj. [Sanscr. navas; Gr. νέος, i. e. νεϝος; cf.: noverca, nuntius, denuo, nuper; Germ. neu; Engl. new], new, not old, young, fresh, recent, etc. (v. antiquus init.; cf.: recens, novellus).

  1. I. Lit.
    1. A. In gen.: civitates condere novas, Cic. Rep. 1, 7, 12: nova et a nobis inventa ratio, id. ib. 1, 8, 13; cf.: nihil novi vobis afferam neque quod a me sit cogitatum aut inventum, id. ib. 1, 14, 21: novus veteri exercitus jungitur, Liv. 7, 7; cf. miles, Sall. J. 87, 2: imperator, id. ib. 44, 2: novum de integro proelium, Liv. 24, 16: Camillus, id. 22, 14: consules, Suet. Caes. 15: serpens, which has cast its old skin, Ov. M. 9, 266: caro, fresh meat, Juv. 11, 85.
      Special phrases.
      1. 1. Novae tabernae, or simply Novae (sub Novis), the new shops; many of the shops of the money-changers in the Forum were burned down A. U. C. 543, and those built on their sites were called Novae, those which remained standing Veteres (v. vetus), Liv. 26, 27; 3, 48: sub Novis, Cic. de Or. 2, 66, 266; cf.: sub Novis dicta pars in foro aedificiorum, quod vocabulum ei pervetustum, Varr. L. L. 6, § 59 Müll.
      2. 2. Novae tabulae, new account-books, by making which old debts were cancelled, Cic. Off. 2, 23, 84; id. Phil. 6, 4, 11; id. Att. 5, 21, 13; 14, 21, 4; Caes. B. C. 3, 1; 3, 21: tum Catilina polliceri tabulas novas, proscriptionem locupletium, Sall. C. 21, 2.
        Hence, trop.: beneficiorum novae tabulae, i. e. forgetfulness of benefits, Sen. Ben. 1, 4, 6.
      3. 3. Novus homo, or homo novus, the first of his family who obtained a curule office, a man newly ennobled, an upstart, Cic. Off. 1, 39, 138: adeptus es, quod non multi homines novi, Cic. Fam. 5, 18, 1; cf.: in Q. Pompeio, novo homine et fortissimo viro, id. Mur. 7, 16 sq.: M. Catoni, homini ignoto et novo, id. Rep. 1, 1, 1; cf.: hic novus Arpinas, ignobilis, et modo Romae Municipalis eques, Juv. 8, 237: nova nupta, a bride, Juv. 2, 120.
        Plur. subst.: nŏvi, ōrum, m., recent writers: est et quod appellatur a novis νόημα, Quint. 8, 5, 12: novorum lectio, id. 2, 5, 26; 5, 4, 1.
      4. 4. Novae res, new things, novelties: nihil te ad me postea scripsisse demiror, praesertim tam novis rebus, Cic. Fam. 7, 18, 4.
        Also subst.: nŏvum, i, n., a new thing, a novelty; news: novum attulerint, quod fit nusquam gentium, Plaut. Cas. prol. 70: num quidnam inquit novi? Cic. de Or. 2, 3, 13: si quid novi vel sero invenissem, Quint. 2, 5, 3.
        Plur.: novorum interpositione priora confundere, Quint. 10, 3, 32; 8, 3, 60.
        But, in gen., novae res signifies political innovations, a revolution: Q. Servilius Ahala Sp. Maelium novis rebus studentem manu suā occidit, Cic. Cat. 1, 1, 3: rerum novarum causam quaerere, id. Agr. 2, 33, 91: plebes novarum rerum cupida, Sall. C. 28, 4: cuncta plebes novarum rerum studio Catilinae incepta probabat, id. ib. 37, 1: novarum rerum avidi, id. J. 19, 1.
        In a double sense: Segulium neglegamus, qui res novas quaerit: non quo veterem comederit—nullam enim habuit—sed hanc ipsam recentem novam devorārit, innovations and new wealth, Cic. Fam. 11, 21, 2.
    2. B. In partic.
      1. 1. New, novel, strange, singular, unusual, unheard of: flagitia ingentia, nova, capitalia, Ter. Ad. 4, 7, 3: nihil dicam aut inauditum vobis aut cuiquam novum, Cic. de Or. 1, 31, 137; cf.: novum crimen et ante hunc diem inauditum, id. Lig. 1, 1: nova tibi haec sunt et inopinata? id. Verr. 2, 2, 8, § 24; id. Att. 6, 1, 5: novam in feminā virtutem novo genere honoris donavere, Liv. 2, 13; Verg. A. 3, 591: nova monstra, Hor. C. 1, 2, 6: si res agi videtur nova, magna, atrox, Quint. 4, 1, 33.
      2. 2. New in any thing, unused, unaccustomed, inexperienced (poet. and in post-Aug. prose): et rudis ad partus et nova miles oram, Ov. H. 11, 48.
          1. (β) With dat.: novus dolori, Sil. 6, 254; Tac. Agr. 16.
          2. * (γ) With inf.: nova ferre jugum cervix, Sil. 16, 332.
      3. 3. Nova Via structa esse dicitur regnante Ser. Tullio, Paul. ex Fest. p. 174 Mull.; v. Müll. ib. p. 389, a; cf.: vocabulum pervetustum ut Novae viae, quae via jam diu vetus, Varr. L. L. 6, § 59 Müll.
      4. 4. Recent: tu cognovisti omnia, novissima et antiqua, Vulg. Psa. 138, 5.
    3. C. In eccl. Lat., renewed by grace: nova creatura, Vulg. 2 Cor. 5, 17: induite novum hominem, ib. Eph. 4, 24.
  2. II. Transf., in the sup.: nŏvissĭmus, a, um, the latest, last, hindermost, extreme (syn.: extremus, proximus, recentissimus): a quo (sc. novo) etiam extremum novissimum quoque dici coeptum vulgo, quod meā memoriā ut Aelius sic senes aliquot, nimium novum verbum quod esset, vitabant, Varr. L. L. 6, § 59 Müll.: histriones, Cic. Rosc. Com. 11, 30; Brut. ap. Cic. Fam. 11, 1, 3; Cass. ib. 12, 13, 1: qui ex iis novissimus venit, necatur, Caes. B. G. 5, 56: novissimum agmen, the rear, id. ib. 1, 15; 7, 68.
    So as subst.: nŏvissĭmi, ōrum, the rear of an army, the soldiers in the last line: novissimis praesidio esse, Caes. B. G. 1, 20: novissimos adorti magnam multitudinem conciderunt, id. ib. 2, 11: dixitque novissima verba, Verg. A. 4, 650: novissima cauda, i. e. the end of, Ov. M. 3, 681; 13, 963: luna, Plin. 2, 13, 10, § 56.
      1. 2. Like Engl. last, extreme, highest: exempla, the extreme penalty, the penalty of death, Tac. A. 12, 20; 15, 44; and absol.: a summā spe, novissima exspectabat, id. ib. 6, 50: novissimum casum experitur, id. ib. 12, 33.
    1. B. Esp. in eccl. Lat.
      1. 1. Youngest: liberorum, Vulg. Jos. 6, 26.
      2. 2. Lowest in rank or fortune: de novissimis populi, Vulg. 3 Reg. 13, 33.
      3. 3. As subst.
        1. a. Sing.: nŏvissĭmum, i, n., the end.
          1. (α) Of place: terrae, Vulg. 1 Macc. 3, 9: a summo ad novissimum, the bottom, id. Isa. 56, 11.
          2. (β) Of time: habent spem in novissimo, Vulg. Prov. 23, 18.
        2. b. Plur.: nŏvissĭma, ōrum, n.
          1. (α) Of place, the bottom, depths: abyssi, Vulg. Job. 38, 16.
          2. (β) Of time: habebis in novissimis spem, Vulg. Prov. 24, 14; cf.: novissima hominis illius, the end, id. Luc. 11, 26.
            Hence, adv. (not in Cic.) in two forms.
          1. (α) Form nŏvē, newly, in a new or unusual manner: ornata ut lepide! ut concinne! ut nove! Plaut. Ep. 2, 2, 38: ne quid ambigue, ne quid nove dicamus, * Auct. Her. 1, 9, 15: verba nove aut insigniter dicta, Gell. 19, 7, 2; cf. id. 17, 2, 13; Sen. Contr. 1, 4 fin.
          2. (β) Form nŏvĭter, newly: BASILICA IVLIA A SE NOVITER REPARATA, Inscr. Orell. 24 (A. D. 377): amor noviter venit, Fulg. Myth. 3, 1 med.
            Sup.: nŏvissĭmē.
        1. a. Of time, recently, lately, a short time ago: mater cum novissime aegrotāsset, Val. Antias. ap. Charis. p. 186 P.: quod novissime nobiscum foedus fecissent, id. ib.: novissime, memoriā nostrā, argentum aere solutum est, Sall. C. 33, 2: liber quem novissime tibi misi, Plin. Ep. 8, 3, 1: eloquendi rationem novissime repertam, Quint. 12 praef. § 3.
        2. b. Of succession, lastly, last of all, finally: dicam primum … deinde … novissime, Sen. Ira, 3, 5, 2: primum … post haec … novissime, Quint. 3, 6, 24; cf.: primum … post haec … novissime, id. 11, 2, 41: vel … vel … vel novissime, id. 7, 1, 37: et … et … et novissime, id. 2, 4, 10: cum plura interrogāsset … novissime id inferebat, id. 5, 11, 3: novissime cum, etc. (= postremo), in the last fight, Hirt. B. G. 8, 48, 3.