Lewis & Short

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rĕd-ĕo, ĭi, ĭtum, īre (lengthened form of the pres. redīnunt, Enn. ap. Fest. p. 286 Müll.; cf.: obinunt, ferinunt, nequinunt, solinunt, for obeunt, feriunt, nequeunt, solent; and danit, danunt, for dat, dant; rare fut. redies, App. M. 6, 19, and Sen. Ben. 1, 2, 3; cf. Vulg. Lev. 25, 10; id. Jer. 37, 7), v. n.

  1. I. To go or come back; to turn back, re turn, turn around (freq. and class.; syn revertor).
    1. A. Lit.
      1. 1. Of persons.
          1. (α) Absol.: bene re gestā salvus redeo, Plaut. Trin. 5, 2, 58; 4, 3, 82: velletne me redire, Cic. Sest. 59, 126: et non nisi revocaretis, rediturus fuerim, Liv. 5, 51.
          2. (β) With ex and abl.: erus alter ex Alide rediit, Plaut. Capt. 5, 4, 9: e provinciā, Cic. Verr. 1, 6, 16: ex illis contionibus domum, Liv. 3, 68.
          3. (γ) With ab and abl.: a portu, Plaut. Most. 2, 1, 16: a portā, id. Merc. 4, 4, 9: a foro, id. Aul. 2, 6, 7; id. Ps. 4, 3, 11; cf.: a foro do mum, id. Aul. 2, 3, 6; id. Cas. 3, 4, 1: ab re divinā, id. Poen. 1, 2, 193: a cenā, Ter. Ad. 1, 1, 1: a Caesare, Cic. Q. Fr. 2, 6, 7: a nobis, Verg. G. 1, 249: ab Africā, Hor. C. 4, 8, 19: a flumine, Ov. M. 1, 588 et saep.
          4. (δ) With abl. alone: Thebis, Plaut. Ep. 3, 3, 35: Cariā, id. Curc. 2, 1, 10: rure, id. Merc. 3, 3, 25; 4, 3, 6; 4, 5, 5; 8; Ter. Eun. 3, 5, 63: colle, Ov. M. 1, 698: exsilio, Plaut. Merc. 5, 2, 106: opsonatu, id. Cas. 3, 5, 16; id. Men. 2, 2, 5; 14: suburbanā aede, Ov. F. 6, 785.
            (ε) With adv. of place: unde, Plaut. Trin. 4, 2, 91; Caes. B. G. 5, 11: inde domum, Ov. F. 5, 455: hinc, inde, unde, etc., Plaut. Men. 2, 1, 23; id. Capt. 3, 1, 30; Caes. B. G. 5, 11, 7 al.
            (ζ) With adv. of time or manner: eum rediturum actutum, Plaut. Trin. 3, 3, 44; 4, 4, 16: pascua haud tarde redientia, Sil. 8, 520: tardius, Ov. M. 10, 674: mature, Hor. Ep. 1, 7, 97: retro, Liv. 8, 11; 23, 28; Verg. A. 9, 794.
            (η) With in and acc.: in patriam, Plaut. Men. 5, 9, 90; id. Stich. 4, 1, 3; 4, 2, 7: in urbem, id. Cas. prol. 65; Liv. 4, 29 fin. Drak. N. cr.: in castra, Plaut. Ep. 3, 2, 45: in senatum rursus, id. Mil. 2, 6, 109; cf. joined with retro, Liv. 23, 28; 24, 20; 44, 27; Ov. M. 15, 249; Verg. A. 9, 794 al.: veram in viam, Plaut. Cas. 2, 6, 17; cf.: in rectam semitam, id. ib. 2, 8, 33; and, in the same sense, simply in viam, Ter. And. 1, 2, 19; Cic. Phil. 12, 2, 7: in proelium, to renew, Liv. 22, 15, 9: serus in caelum redeas, Hor. C. 1, 2, 45: in gyrum, Ov. M. 7, 784 et saep.
            (θ) With ad and acc.: ad navem, Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 32: ad parentes denuo, id. Capt. 2, 3, 51; so, ad aliquem, id. Aul. 2, 2, 32; id. Cist. 4, 2, 56; id. Mil. 4, 2, 29; 34; id. Pers. 4, 4, 107: ad quos, Caes. B. G. 7, 20: ad castra, Auct. B. Hisp. 25; cf.: se rediturum ad penates et in patriam, Curt. 5, 5, 20.
            (ι) With acc. alone: Syracusas, Plaut. Men. prol. 37: Romam Cic. Quint. 18, 57; Liv. 3, 5: domum, Plaut. Am. 2, 1, 37; id. Cas. 5, 3, 14; id. Cist. 1, 1, 92; 104; Hor. S. 2, 5, 6; Ov. F. 5, 455; Liv. 3, 68: Cirtam, Sall. J. 104, 1: Babyloniam, Just. 12, 10, 7; cf. (poet.): his laeti rediere duces loca amoena piorum, Sil. 13, 703.
            (κ) With adv. of direction, etc.: huc, illuc, Plaut. Capt. 2, 2, 103; id. Most. 1, 1, 75; id. Rud. 3, 6, 41; id. Am. 1, 3, 29; id. Men. 4, 2, 53 sq.: isto, id. Pers. 4, 3, 43: intro, id. Aul. 2, 2, 31; id. Cas. 3, 5, 61; id. Cist. 4, 2, 37: quo, Hor. S. 2, 3, 261.
            (λ) With acc. of distance: ite viam, Vet. Form. ap. Cic. Mur. 12, 26: itque reditque viam, Verg. A. 6, 122.
            (μ) Impers. pass.: dum stas, reditum oportuit, Plaut. Pers. 3, 3, 43: ad arbitrum reditur, id. Rud. 4, 3, 79: manerent indutiae, dum ab illo rediri posset, Caes. B. C. 3, 16: ut Romam reditum est, Liv. 3, 5; 8, 11; Nep. Epam. 8.
            (ν) With inf.: saepe redit patrios ascendere perdita muros, Verg. Cir. 171: hirundo reditura cibos immittere nidis, Montan. ap. Sen. Ep. 122, 12.
      2. 2. Of things: astra ad idem, unde profecta sunt, Cic. Rep. 6, 22, 24; cf.: sol in sua signa, Ov. F. 3, 161: totidem redeuntia solis Lumina viderunt, id. M. 14, 423: redeuntis cornua lunae, id. ib. 10, 479: adverso redierunt carbasa vento, id. H. 21, 71: Eurus reditura vela tenebat, id. M. 7, 664: flumen in eandem partem, ex quā venerat, redit, Caes. B. C. 3, 37; cf.: amnes In fontes suos, Ov. M. 7, 200: ille qui in se redit orbis, Quint. 11, 3, 105: redeunt jam gramina campis Arboribusque comae, Hor. C. 4, 7, 1; cf.: arboribus frondes, Ov. F. 3, 237.
    2. B. Trop., to go or come back, to return: aspersisti aquam, Jam rediit animus, Plaut. Truc. 2, 4, 16; so, animus, id. Merc. 3, 1, 32; Ter. Hec. 3, 2, 12: mens, Ov. M. 14, 519: et mens et rediit verus in ora color, id. A. A. 3, 730: spiritus et vita redit bonis ducibus, Hor. C. 4, 8, 14: suum redit ingenium, Liv. 2, 22: memoria redit, Quint. 11, 2, 7: redit animo ille latus clavus, etc., Plin. Ep. 8, 23, 6: in pristinum statum, Gaes. B. G. 7, 54: in statum antiquum rediit res, Liv. 3, 9; cf.: reditum in vestram dicionem, Liv. 29, 17: cum Alcumenā antiquam in gratiam, Plaut. Am. 5, 2, 12: cum suis inimicissimis in gratiam, Cic. Prov. Cons. 9, 20; id. Fragm. ap. Quint. 9, 3, 41; Caes. B. C. 1, 4; Nep. Alcib. 5, 1; cf.: se numquam cum matre in gratiam redisse, had never been reconciled, i. e. had never been at variance, Cic. Att. 17, 1; and simply in gratiam, Plaut. Am. 3, 2, 59; Ter. Phorm. 5, 8, 40; cf.: in concordiam, Plaut. Am. 3, 3, 7: in amicitiam alicujus, Liv. 25, 16: in fidem alicujus, id. 25, 1: nunc demum in memoriam redeo, I recollect, call to mind, Plaut. Capt. 5, 4, 25; so, in memoriam mortuorum, Cic. Sen. 7, 21; id. Inv. 1, 52, 98; id. Quint. 18, 57; cf.: in memoriam cum aliquo, Ter. Phorm. 5, 3, 19: in corda redeunt tumultus, Claud. B. Get. 216: vere calor redit ossibus, Verg. G. 3, 272: redit agricolis labor actus in orbem, id. ib. 2, 401: rursum ad ingenium redit, he returns to his natural bent, Ter. Ad. 1, 1, 46; so, ad ingenium, id. Hec. 1, 2, 38: ad se atque ad mores suos, Cic. Div. in Caecil. 17, 57: ad se, id. Att. 7, 3, 8; but redire ad se signifies also, to come to one’s self, i. e. to recover one’s senses, Ter. Ad. 5, 3, 8; cf. id. And. 3, 5, 16; Liv. 1, 41; Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 138; cf.: ex somno vix ad se, Lucr. 4, 1023: donec discussis redeunt erroribus ad se, id. 4, 996: ad sanitatem, Cic. Fam. 12, 10, 1; cf.: reverto: in veram rediit faciem solitumque nitorem, returned to his true form (of Apollo), Ov. M. 4, 231; cf.: in annos Quos egit, rediit, i. e. he resumed his youth, id. ib. 9, 430 (for which: reformatus primos in annos, id. ib. 9, 399): in juvenem, id. ib. 14, 766: in fastos, to go back to them, Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 48: quamvis redeant in aurum Tempora priscum, id. C. 4, 2, 39: in causas malorum, to appear again as the cause of misfortunes, Tac. H. 4, 50: maturos iterum est questa redire dies, Prop. 2, 18 (3, 10), 12; so of times and events which recur periodically: annus, Verg. A. 8, 47; Hor. C. 3, 8, 9; id. S. 2, 2, 83: ne rediret Saeculum Pyrrhae, id. C. 1, 2, 5: Nonae Decembres, id. ib. 3, 18, 10: iterum sollemnia, Prop. 2, 33 (3, 31), 1 al.
      Impers. pass.: tum exuto justitio reditum ad munia, Tac. A. 3, 7.
      1. 2. In partic., in speaking, thinking, or writing.
        1. a. Of the speaker, to go back, return to a former subject, to recur to it: mitte ista, atque ad rem redi, etc., Ter. Ad. 2, 1, 31 sq.: quid si redeo ad illos, id. Heaut. 4, 3, 41: sed de hoc alias: nunc redeo ad augurem, Cic. Lael. 1, 1; so, ad Scipionem, id. ib. 17, 62: ad me, id. ib. 25, 96: ad fabulas, id. ib. 20, 75: ad illa prima, id. ib. 26 fin.: sed ad illum redeo, id. Fin. 2, 22, 73: ad inceptum, Sall. J. 4, 9: illuc, unde abii, redeo, Hor. S. 1, 1, 108; 1, 7, 9; 1, 6, 45: longius evectus sum, sed redeo ad propositum, Quint. 9, 3, 87; cf.: digredi a re et redire ad propositum, id. 9, 2, 4: ab illo impetu ad rationem redit, id. 6, 1, 28 et saep.
          Comically: nunc in Epidamnum pedibus redeundum’st mihi, Plaut. Men. prol. 49.
        2. b. Of the subject: res redit, comes up again, Cic. post Red. in Sen. 11, 27; cf.: redit de integro haec oratio, Ter. Heaut. 5, 3, 8.
  2. II. (With the idea of ire predominating; cf.: recido, redigo).
      1. 1. To come in as revenue, income; to arise, proceed (cf. provenio): tribus tantis illi minus redit, Plaut. Trin. 2, 4, 129: ut ex eodem semine aliubi cum decimo redeat, aliubi cum quintodecimo, Varr. R. R. 1, 44, 1: possentne fructus pro impensā ac labore redire, id. ib. 1, 2, 8: ex pecore redeunt ter ducena Parmensi, Mart. 4, 37, 5: pecunia publica, quae ex metallis redibat, Nep. Them. 2, 2: ex quā regione quinquaginta talenta quotannis redibant, id. ib. 10, 3: e modio redire sextarios quattuor siliginis, Plin. 18, 9, 20, § 86; 18, 10, 20, § 89 et saep.
      2. 2. To come to, be brought or reduced to; to arrive at, reach, attain a thing; constr. usually with ad; very rarely with in or an adv. of place: pilis omissis ad gladios redierunt, betook themselves to their swords, Caes. B. C. 3, 93; cf.: ad manus reditur, Auct. B. Afr. 18, 4: Caesar opinione trium legionum dejectus, ad duas redierat, was brought down, reduced, Caes. B. G. 5, 48 init.: collis leniter fastigatus paulatim ad planitiem redibat, sank or sloped down, descended, id. ib. 2, 8: ejus morte ea ad me lege redierunt bona, have descended to me, Ter. And. 4, 5, 4; so, ad hos lege hereditas, id. Hec. 1, 2, 97: quorum (principum) ad arbitrium judiciumque summa omnium rerum consiliorumque redeat, Caes. B. G. 6, 11: summa imperii, rerum ad aliquem, id. B. C. 1, 4; 3, 18; Ter. Phorm. 2, 2, 3: regnum ad aliquem, Plaut. Cas. 2, 5, 28: res ad interregnum, Liv. 1, 22: mihi ad rastros res, Ter. Heaut. 5, 1, 58 (with redigat ad inopiam): ut ad pauca redeam, i. e. to cut the story short, id. Hec. 1, 2, 60; id. Phorm. 4, 3, 43: aut haec bona in tabulas publicas nulla redierunt, aut si redierunt, etc., have not reached, i. e. are not registered upon, Cic. Rosc. Am. 44, 128: Germania in septentrionem ingenti flexu redit, trends towards the north, Tac. G. 35: in eum res rediit jam locum, Ut sit necesse, Ter. Heaut. 2, 3, 118; id. Ad. 2, 4, 9: in nubem Ossa redit, rises to, Val. Fl. 2, 16: Venus, quam penes amantūm summa summarum redit, falls to her lot, pertains to her, Plaut. Truc. 1, 1, 4: quod si eo meae fortunae redeunt, ut, etc., come to that, Ter. Phorm. 1, 4, 24; so, adeo res, id. Heaut. 1, 1, 61; 5, 2, 27; id. Phorm. 1, 3, 1; 1, 2, 5: omnia verba huc redeunt, come to, amount to this, id. Eun. 1, 2, 78; cf.: incommoditas huc omnis, id. And. 3, 3, 35.

rēs, rei (rēi with e long; gen., Lucr. 2, 112; 548; 6, 918; dat., id. 1, 688; 2, 236; rei, gen., monosyl. at the end of the verse, Lucr. 3, 918; and in the middle of the verse, id. 4, 885, and Poët. ap. Lact. 6, 6), f. [ etym. dub.; perh. root ra- of reor, ratus; cf. Germ. Ding; Engl. thing, from denken, to think; prop., that which is thought of; cf. also λόγος, Lid. and Scott, 9], a thing, object, being; a matter, affair, event, fact, circumstance, occurrence, deed, condition, case, etc.; and sometimes merely = something (cf.: causa, ratio, negotium).

  1. I. In gen.: unde initum primum capiat res quaeque movendi, Lucr. 1, 383; cf. id. 1, 536: in partes res quaeque minutas Distrahitur, id. 2, 826: summe Sol, qui omnes res inspicis, Enn. ap. Prob. Verg. E. 6, 31 (Trag. v. 321 Vahl.): versus, quos ego de Rerum Naturā pangere conor, Lucr. 1, 25; cf. id. 1, 126; 5, 54: rerum natura creatrix, id. 2, 1117: divinarum humanarumque rerum, tum initiorum causarumque cujusque rei cognitio, Cic. Tusc. 5, 3, 7 (v. divinus): haeret haec res, Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 182: profecto, ut loquor, ita res est, id. ib. 2, 1, 19: haud mentior, resque uti facta dico, id. ib. 2, 1, 23: de Alcumenā ut rem teneatis rectius, id. ib. prol. 110: in tantis rebus (sc. in re publicā defendendā), Cic. Rep. 1, 3, 4 et saep.: quo Averna vocantur nomine, id ab re Impositum est, quia sunt avibus contraria cunctis, from the nature of the thing, Lucr. 6, 740; cf. id. 6, 424; Liv. 1, 17: si res postulabit, the condition of the case, Cic. Lael. 13, 44: scaena rei totius haec, Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 11, 3: fugam in se nemo convertitur Nec recedit loco, quin statim rem gerat, does his duty, stands his ground, Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 84; so, res gerere, v. gero; hence, too, rerum scriptor, for a historian, v. scriptor, and cf. II. H. infra.
    1. B. With adj. of quality, to express condition, etc.: illic homo a me sibi malam rem arcessit, is bringing a bad business on himself, Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 171; so, res mala, a wretched condition, Sall. C. 20, 13; and more freq. in plur.: bonis tuis rebus meas res irrides malas, circumstances, condition, Plaut. Trin. 2, 4, 45; id. Rud. 3, 3, 12: res secundae, good fortune, Hor. Ep. 1, 10, 30; cf. Liv. 3, 9: res prosperae, Nep. Dion, 6, 1; id. Eum. 5, 1: in secundissimis rebus, Cic. Off. 1, 26, 91: adversae res, id. ib. 1, 26, 90; Hor. S. 2, 2, 136; 2, 8, 73: res belli adversae, Liv. 10, 6: res dubiae, Sall. C. 10, 2; 39, 3; Liv. 2, 50; 7, 30; v. bonus, florens, salvus, adversus, dubius, novus, arduus, etc.
      Freq. in curses, etc.: in malam rem, go to the bad, Ter. Phorm. 5, 7, 37; id. And. 2, 1, 17: malam rem hinc ibis? id. Eun. 3, 3, 30.
    2. C. With an adj. in a periphrasis: abhorrens ab re uxoriā, matrimony, Ter. And. 5, 1, 10: in arbitrio rei uxoriae, dowry, Cic. Off. 1, 15, 61: rem divinam nisi compitalibus … ne faciat, a religious act, act of worship, a sacrifice, Cato, R. R. 5, 4: bellicam rem administrari majores nostri nisi auspicato noluerunt, Cic. Div. 2, 36, 76; Hor. C. 4, 3, 6: erat ei pecuaria res ampla et rustica, Cic. Quint. 3, 12: res rustica, agriculture: rei rusticae libro primo, Col. 11, 1, 2; id. 1, praef. § 19: liber, quem de rebus rusticis scripsi, Cic. Sen. 15, 54: navalis rei certamina, naval battles, Amm. 26, 3, 5: res militaris, Cic. Rab. Post. 1, 2: rei militaris gloria, id. Mur. 9, 22; Nep. Milt. 8, 4: res frumentaria, forage, Caes. B. C. 3, 16; id. B. G. 1, 23; 4, 7: armatae rei scientissimus, Amm. 25, 4, 7: peritus aquariae rei, id. 28, 2, 2: res judicaria, Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 12, § 31: res ludicra, play, Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 180: uti rebus veneriis, Cic. Sen. 14, 47; Nep. Alc. 11, 4: res Veneris, Lucr. 2, 173; Ov. R. Am. 431; v. also familiaris, judiciaria, militaris, navalis, etc., and cf. II. G. infra.
    3. D. With pronouns or adjectives, as an emphatic periphrase for the neutr.: ibi me inclamat Alcumena: jam ea res me horrore afficit, this now, Plaut. Am. 5, 1, 16; cf.: De. Estne hoc, ut dico? Li. Rectam instas viam: Ea res est, it is even so, id. As. 1, 1, 40: de fratre confido ita esse ut semper volui. Multa signa sunt ejus rei, of it, Cic. Att. 1, 10, 5: quos (μελιττῶνας) alii μελιττοτροφεῖα appellant, eandem rem quidam mellaria. Varr. R. R. 3, 16, 12: sunt ex te quae scitari volo, Quarum rerum, etc., Plaut. Capt. 2, 2, 13; cf. Caes. B. G. 3, 4: quibus de rebus quoniam nobis contigit ut aliquid essemus consecuti, Cic. Rep. 1, 8, 13: quā super re interfectum esse Hippotem dixisti? Pac. ap. Fest. s. v. superescit, p. 244: resciscet Amphitruo rem omnem, every thing, all, Plaut. Am. 1, 2, 30: nulla res tam delirantes homines concinat cito, nothing, id. Am. 2, 2, 96; cf.: neque est ulla res, in quā, etc., Cic. Rep. 1, 7, 12; 1, 5, 9; cf. also: sumptu ne parcas ullā in re, quod ad valetudinem opus sit, id. Fam. 16, 4, 2: magna res principio statim bello, a great thing, a great advantage, Liv. 31, 23 fin.: nil admirari prope res est una Solaque, quae, etc., the only thing, only means, Hor. Ep. 1, 6, 1 et saep.
      Emphatically with sup.: scilicet rerum facta est pulcherrima Roma, the most beautiful thing in the world, Verg. G. 2, 534; Quint. 1, 12, 16 Spald. p. 81.
      Of persons, etc.: est genus hominum, qui esse primos se omnium rerum volunt, Ter. Eun. 2, 2, 17: maxime rerum, Ov. H. 9, 107; cf.: maxima rerum Roma, Verg. A. 7, 602; Ov. M. 13, 508: fortissima rerum animalia, id. ib. 12, 502: pulcherrime rerum, id. H. 4, 125; id. A. A. 1, 213; id. M. 8, 49: dulcissime rerum, Hor. S. 1, 9, 4.
    4. E. In adverb. phrases: e re natā melius fieri haud potuit, after what has happened, Ter. Ad. 3, 1, 8: pro re natā, according to circumstances, Cic. Att. 7, 8, 2; 14, 6, 1: pro tempore et pro re, Caes. B. G. 5, 8: factis benignus pro re, according to circumstances, Liv. 7, 33, 3; Sall. J. 50, 2: pro re pauca loquar, Verg. A. 4, 337; Lucr. 6, 1280: ex re et ex tempore, Cic. Fam. 12, 19, 3: e re respondi, Cat. 10, 8.
  2. II. In partic.
    1. A. Pregn., an actual thing, the thing itself, reality, truth, fact; opposed to appearance, mere talk, the mere name of a thing: ecastor, re experior, quanti facias uxorem tuam, Plaut. Am. 1, 3, 10: desiste dictis nunc jam miseram me consolari: Nisi quid re praesidium apparas, etc., id. Rud. 3, 3, 21: rem ipsam loqui. Ter. And. 1, 2, 31: rem fabulari, Plaut. Trin 2, 4, 87: nihil est aliud in re, in fact, Liv. 10, 8, 11 Weissenb. ad loc.: se ipsa res aperit, Nep. Paus. 3, 7: ex re decerpere fructus, Hor. S. 1, 2, 79; opp. verbum, vox, opinio, spes, nomen, etc.: rem opinor spectari oportere, non verba, Cic. Tusc. 5, 11, 32; cf.: te rogo, ut rem potiorem oratione ducas, Matius ap. Cic. Fam. 11, 28, 5: non modo res omnes, sed etiam rumores cognoscamus, Cic. Att. 5, 5, 1: qui hos deos non re, sed opinione esse dicunt, id. N. D. 3, 21, 53: Peripateticos et Academicos nominibus differentes, re congruentes, id. Ac. 2, 5, 15: quod nos honestum, illi vanum … verbis quam re probabilius vocant, Quint. 3, 8, 22; Sen. Ep. 120, 9: eum, tametsi verbo non audeat, tamen re ipsā de maleficio suo confiteri, id. Rosc. Am. 42, 123; cf. Ter. Ad. 4, 7, 15: vides quantum distet argumentatio tua ab re ipsā atque a veritate, Cic. Rosc. Am. 15, 44.
      Hence, abl. sing., often strengthened by verā (sometimes as one word, reverā), in fact, really, in truth, indeed, in reality: haec ille, si verbis non audet, re quidem verā palam loquitur, Cic. Quint. 17, 56; so, re quidem verā, id. Clu. 19, 54; id. Sest. 7, 15: re autem verā, id. Fam. 1, 4, 2; and simply re verā, id. Quint. 2, 7; id. Div. 2, 54, 110; id. Balb. 3, 7: re verāque, Lucr. 2, 48; cf.: et re verā, indeed, in fact, Cic. Fam. 3, 5, 1; Liv. 33, 11, 3; 35, 31, 12; 36, 6, 1; Nep. Ages. 2, 3; id. Phoc. 3, 3; Curt. 3, 13, 5; 4, 16, 19; Val. Max. 9, 13, ext. 1; Just. 5, 1, 8; 12, 13, 10; Plin. Ep. 6, 33, 1.
    2. B. Effects, substance, property, possessions: mihi Chrysalus Perdidit filium, me atque rem omnem Meam, Plaut. Bacch. 5, 1, 26; cf.: Ph. Habuitne rem? Ly. Habuit. Ph. Qui eam perdidit … Mercaturamne an venales habuit, ubi rem perdidit? id. Trin. 2, 2, 49 sq.: quibus et re salvā et perditā profueram, Ter. Eun. 2, 2, 27: rem talentum decem, id. Phorm. 2, 3, 46; Juv. 3, 16: avidior ad rem, Ter. Eun. 1, 2, 51: rem facere, to make money, Cic. Att. 2, 2, 12: res eos jampridem, fides deficere nuper coepit, id. Cat. 2, 5, 10: qui duo patrimonia accepisset remque praeterea bonis et honestis rationibus auxisset, id. Rab. Post. 14, 38: libertino natum patre et in tenui re, in narrow circumstances, Hor. Ep. 1, 20, 20 et saep.; v. also familiaris.
      In plur.: quantis opibus, quibus de rebus, Enn. ap. Cic. Tusc. 3, 19, 44 (Trag. v. 396 Vahl.): privatae res, Cic. Att. 9, 7, 5.
      1. 2. Hence, law t. t., whatever may be the subject of a right, whether corporeal or incorporeal (v. Sandars, Introd. to Just. Inst. p. 42 sqq.): res corporales, Just. Inst. 2, 2, 1 sq.; Gai. Inst. 2, 12; Dig. 1, 8, 1: res in patrimonio, res extra patrimonium, Just. Inst. 2, 1 pr.; Gai. Inst. 2, 1: res sanctae, Just. Inst. 2, 1, 10; v. also mancipium, privatus, etc.
    3. C. Benefit, profit, advantage, interest, weal: res magis quaeritur, quam, etc., Plaut. Men. 4, 2, 6: melius illi consulas quam rei tuae, id. Cist. 1, 1, 98: haec tuā re feceris, to your advantage, id. Capt. 2, 2, 46.
      Most freq. with the prepositions in, ex, ob, ab, etc.: quasi istic minor mea res agatur quam tua, is interested, affected, Ter. Heaut. 2, 3, 113 (v. ago): si in rem tuam esse videatur, Plaut. Trin. 3, 2, 2: vide si hoc in rem deputas, id. ib. 3, 3, 19: quod in rem recte conducat tuam, id. Capt. 2, 3, 26: si in remst utrique, Ter. And. 3, 3, 14: quid mihi melius est, quid magis in rem est, quam? etc., useful, Plaut. Rud. 1, 4, 1: tamen in rem fore credens universos adpellare, Sall. C. 20, 1: omnia quae in rem videbantur esse, Curt. 6, 2, 21: ad conparanda ea quae in rem erant, Liv. 30, 4, 6: imperat quae in rem sunt, id. 26, 44, 7; 22, 3, 2: ex tuā re non est, ut ego emoriar, for your advantage, Plaut. Ps. 1, 3, 102: An. Non pudet Vanitatis? Do. Minime, dum ob rem, to the purpose, with advantage, Ter. Phorm. 3, 2, 41: ob rem facere, usefully, with advantage or profit, Sall. J. 31, 5: subdole blanditur, ab re Consulit blandiloquentulus, contrary to his interest, i. e. to his injury, Plaut. Trin. 2, 1, 12 Brix ad loc.: haud id est ab re aucupis, id. As. 1, 3, 71: haec haud ab re duxi referre, Liv. 8, 11, 1: non ab re esse Quinctio visum est interesse, etc., id. 35, 32, 6; Plin. 27, 8, 35, § 57; Suet. Aug. 94; Gell. 18, 4, 6; 1, 26, 4; Macr. S. 1, 4, 19.
    4. D. Cause, reason, ground, account; only in the connection eā (hac) re, and eam ob rem, adverb., therefore, on that account: eā re tot res sunt, ubi bene deicias, Cato, R. R. 158, 2: hac re nequeunt ex omnibus omnia gigni, Quod, etc., Lucr. 1, 172; cf.: illud eā re a se esse concessum, quod, etc., Cic. Ac. 2, 34, 111: patrem exoravi, tibi ne noceat, neu quid ob eam rem succenseat, Plaut. Bacch. 4, 4, 39; cf.: quoi rei? for what purpose? id. As. 3, 2, 43; id. Poen. 2, 3, 3.
      Hence (by uniting into one word) the causal adverbs quare and quamobrem, v. h. vv.
    5. E. An affair, matter of business, business: cum et de societate inter se multa communicarent et de totā illā ratione atque re Gallicanā, Cic. Quint. 4, 15: rem cum aliquo transigere, id. Clu. 13, 39.
      Hence, transf., in gen.: res alicui est cum aliquo, to have to do with any one, Cic. Rosc. Am. 30, 84; id. Sest. 16, 37; id. Fam. 9, 20, 2; Caes. B. G. 7, 77; cf.: famigeratori res sit cum damno et malo, Plaut. Trin. 1, 2, 182 Brix ad loc.
      Also without a dat.: quoniam cum senatore res est, Cic. Fam. 13, 26, 3; esp., in mal. part.: rem habere cum aliquo or aliquā, to have to do with any one, Plaut. Bacch. 3, 6, 35; id. Merc. 3, 1, 37; Ter. Eun. 1, 2, 39; 58.
      Ellipt.: jam biennium est, quom mecum rem coepit, Plaut. Merc. 3, 1, 15.
  3. F. A case in law, a lawsuit, cause, suit (more gen. than causa): ubi res prolatae sunt, Plaut. Capt. 1, 1, 10: res agi, id. Men. 4, 2, 19; id. Aul. 3, 4, 13: quibus res erat in controversiā, ea vocabatur lis, Varr. L. L. 7, § 93; cf. (prob. in allusion to this legal form): tot homines … statuere non potuisse, utrum diem tertium an perendinum … rem an litem dici oporteret, Cic. Mur. 12, 27; cf. also: quarum rerum litium causarum condixit pater patratus, etc., an ancient formula, Liv. 1, 32: de rebus ab aliquo cognitis judicatisque dicere, Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 48, § 118: pecunias capere ob rem judicandam, id. Fin. 2, 16, 54: si res certabitur olim, Hor. S. 2, 5, 27; 1, 10, 15; 1, 9, 41; id. Ep. 1, 16, 43: tractu temporis futurum, ut res pereat, Dig. 3, 3, 12: rem differre, ib. 43, 30, 3: res judicata dicitur, quae finem controversiarum pronuntiatione judicis accipit, ib. 42, 1, 1 et saep.
  4. G. An affair, esp. a battle, campaign, military operations; in phrase rem (or res) gerere: res gesta virtute, Cic. Fin. 5, 23, 66: ut res gesta est ordine narrare, Ter. Ad. 3, 5, 3: his rebus gestis, Caes. B. G. 5, 8: res gerere, Hor. Ep. 1, 17, 33: rem bene gerere, id. ib. 1, 8, 1; Ter. Ad. 5, 1, 13: comminus rem gerunt, Caes. B. G. 5, 44: res gestae, Hor. Ep. 1, 3, 7; 2, 1, 251: adversus duos simul rem gerere, Liv. 21, 60: rem male gerere, Nep. Them. 3, 3; Hor. S. 2, 3, 74: in relatione rerum ab Scythis gestarum, Just. 2, 1, 1; cf.: rem agere, Hor. S. 1, 9, 4; id. A. P. 82: ante rem, before the battle, Liv. 4, 40: cum Thebanis sibi rem esse existimant, Nep. Pel. 1, 3; Cic. Sest. 16, 37.
  5. H. Acts, events, as the subject of narration, a story, history: res in unam sententiam scripta, Auct. Her. 1, 12, 20: cui lecta potenter erit res, Hor. A. P. 40; id. S. 1, 10, 57; id. Ep. 1, 19, 29: in medias res auditorem rapere, id. A. P. 148; 310: agitur res in scaenis, id. ib. 179; cf.: numeros animosque secutus, non res, id. Ep. 1, 19, 25; Phaedr. 5, 1, 12: sicut in rebus ejus (Neronis) exposuimus, Plin. 2, 83, 85, § 199: litterae, quibus non modo res omnis, sed etiam rumores cognoscamus, Cic. Att. 5, 5, 1: res populi Romani perscribere, Liv. praef. § 1: res Persicae, history, Nep. Con. 5, 4; id. Cat. 3, 2.
  6. K. Res publica, also as one word, respublica, the common weal, a commonwealth, state, republic (cf. civitas); also, civil affairs, administration, or power, etc.: qui pro republicā, non pro suā obsonat, Cato ap. Ruf. 18, p. 210; cf.: erat tuae virtutis, in minimis tuas res ponere, de re publicā vehementius laborare, Cic. Fam. 4, 9, 3: dummodo ista privata sit calamitas et a rei publicae periculis sejungatur, id. Cat. 1, 9; cf.: si re publicā non possis frui, stultum est nolle privatā, id. Fam. 4, 9, 4: egestates tot egentissimorum hominum nec privatas posse res nec rem publicam sustinere, id. Att. 9, 7, 5 (v. publicus); Cato ap. Gell. 10, 14, 3: auguratum est, rem Romanam publicam summam fore, Att. ap. Cic. Div. 1, 22, 45: quo utiliores rebus suis publicis essent, Cic. Off. 1, 44, 155: commutata ratio est rei totius publicae, id. Att. 1, 8, 4: pro republicā niti, Cato ap. Charis. p. 196 fin.: merere de republicā, Plaut. Am. prol. 40: de re publicā disputatio . . . dubitationem ad rem publicam adeundi tollere, etc., Cic. Rep. 1, 7, 12: oppugnare rem publicam, id. Cael. 1, 1; id. Har. Resp. 8, 15; id. Sest. 23, 52: paene victā re publicā, id. Fam. 12, 13, 1: delere rem publicam, id. Sest. 15, 33; Lact. 6, 18, 28.
    Esp. in the phrase e re publicā, for the good of the State, for the public benefit: senatūs consultis bene et e re publicā factis, Cic. Phil. 3, 12, 30: ea si dicam non esse e re publicā dividi, id. Fam. 13, 8, 2; id. Mil. 5, 14; Liv. 8, 4, 12; 25, 7, 4; 34, 34, 9; Suet. Rhet. 1 init.
    Post-class. and rare, also ex republicā, Gell. 6, 3, 47; 11, 9, 1; but exque is used for euphony (class.): id eum recte atque ordine exque re publicā fecisse, Cic. Phil. 3, 15, 38; 5, 13, 36; 10, 11, 26.
    In plur.: eae nationes respublicas suas amiserunt, C. Gracch. ap. Fest. s. h. v. p. 286 Müll.: hoc loquor de tribus his generibus rerum publicarum, Cic. Rep. 1, 28, 44: circuitus in rebus publicis commutationum, id. ib. 1, 29, 45 et saep.
      1. 2. Sometimes simply res, the State (in the poets, and since the Aug. per. in prose): unus homo nobis cunctando restituit rem, Enn. ap. Cic. Off. 1, 24, 84 (Ann. v. 313 Vahl.): hic (Marcellus) rem Romanam sistet, Verg. A. 6, 858; cf.: nec rem Romanam tam desidem umquam fuisse, Liv. 21, 16; 1, 28: parva ista non contemnendo majores nostri maximam hanc rem fecerunt, id. 6, 41 fin.: Romana, Hor. C. S. 66; id. Ep. 1, 12, 25; Ov. M. 14, 809; Sall. C. 6, 3; cf.: ut paulo ante animum inter Fidenatem Romanamque rem ancipitem gessisti, Liv. 1, 28 fin.: Albana, id. 1, 6.
        In plur.: res Asiae evertere, Verg. A. 3, 1: custode rerum Caesare, Hor. C. 4, 15, 17; cf.: res sine discordiā translatae, Tac. H. 1, 29; so (also in Cic.), rerum potiri, v. potior.
  7. L. Res novae, political changes, a revolution, etc.; v. novus.

rĕus, i, m., and rĕa, ae, f. [res], jurid. t. t.

  1. I. Originally, a party to an action (res), either plaintiff or defendant; afterwards restricted to the party accused, defendant, prisoner, etc.: reos appello non eos modo, qui arguuntur, sed omnes, quorum de re disceptatur. Sic enim olim loquebantur, Cic. de Or. 2, 43, 183; cf.: reos appello, quorum res est, id. ib. 2, 79, 321: reus nunc dicitur, qui causam dicit: et item qui quid promisit spoponditve ac debet. At Gallus Aelius, lib. II. Significationum verborum quae ad jus pertinent, ait: reus est qui cum altero litem contestatam habet, sive is egit, sive cum eo actum est, Fest. p. 273 Müll. It is found in this original signif. in the Lex XII. Tab., Fragm. ap. Fest. l. l., which Ulpian periphrases: si judex vel alteruter ex litigatoribus morbo sontico impediatur, Dig. 2, 11, 2, § 3.
  2. II. In the stricter sense.
    1. A. A party obliged or under obligation to do or pay any thing, one answerable or responsible for any thing, a bondsman, a debtor: reus dictus est a re, quam promisit ac debet. Reus stipulando est, qui stipulatur. Reus promittendo est, qui suo nomine alteri quid pro altero promisit, Fest. pp. 135 and 227; cf. Dig. 45, 2, 1; and: delegare est vice suā alium reum dare creditori vel cui jusserit, ib. 46, 2, 11: pecuniae reus fieri, ib. 16, 1, 17: dotis, ib. 23, 3, 22, § 2: locationis, ib. 19, 2, 13, § 9.
      1. 2. Transf., in gen., one who is bound by any thing, who is answerable for any thing, a debtor (very rare): quo intentius custodiae serventur, opportuna loca dividenda praefectis esse, ut suae quisque partis tutandae reus sit, answerable or responsible for, Liv. 25, 30: voti reus, bound by my vow (sc. in having obtained my desire), Verg. A. 5, 237 (voti reus, debitor, Serv.: voti reus: Haec vox propria sacrorum est, ut reus vocetur, qui suscepto voto se numinibus obligat, damnatus autem, qui promissa vota non solvit, Macr. S. 3, 2).
    2. B. One who is accused or arraigned, a defendant, prisoner, a criminal, culprit (the predominant signif. at all periods and in all styles; cf.: nocens, sons): quis erat petitor? Fannius. Quis reus? Flavius. Quis judex? Cluvius, Cic. Rosc. Com. 14, 42: inopia reorum … aliquos ad columnam Maeniam reos reperire, id. Div. in Caecil. 16, 50: privato Milone et reo ad populum accusante P. Clodio, id. Mil. 15, 40: reus Milonis lege Plotiā fuit Clodius quoad vixit, id. ib. 13 fin.: facere aliquem reum, to accuse one, Nep. Alcib. 4, 3.
      Persons under criminal charges usually put on mourning: rei ad populum Furius et Manlius circumeunt sordidati, Liv. 2, 54, 3 (cf. id. 2, 61; 3, 58; Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 58, § 152).
      In fem.: ut socrus adulescentis rea ne fiat, Cic. Fam. 13, 54: tota rea citaretur Etruria, id. Mil. 19, 50: rea es, Sen. Contr. 4, 29.
          1. (β) With a statement of the crime or the punishment, one guilty of any crime, one condemned to any punishment: facti reus, Plaut. Cist. 1, 3, 16: aliquem rei capitalis reum facere, Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 38, § 94; cf. capitis, Quint. 12, 10, 70: avaritiae, Cic. Fl. 3, 7: lenocinii, Quint. 5, 10, 47: parricidii, id. 7, 2, 17: manifesti peculatūs, id. 12, 1, 43 et saep.: Sestius, qui est de vi reus, Cic. Sest. 35, 75; so, de vi, id. Vatin. 17, 41; Quint. 11, 1, 51: de ambitu, Cic. Q. Fr. 3, 3, 2: de moribus, Quint. 4, 2, 3: est enim reus uterque ob eandem causam et eodem crimine, Cic. Vatin. 17, 41: mortis reus, Vulg. Matt. 26, 66: cum equester ordo reus a consulibus citaretur, Cic. Sest. 15, 35.
            For the expressions reum facere, agere, peragere, postulare, inter reos referre, etc., v. h. vv.
      1. 2. Transf., in gen.: judex sim Reusque ad eam rem, Plaut. Trin. 2, 1, 12: reus fortunae, that was to be blamed for a misfortune, Liv. 6, 24; 9, 8: facinoris, Tac. A. 2, 66: reus agor, Ov. H. 20, 91.
        In fem.: fortuna una accusatur, una agitur rea, Plin. 2, 7, 5, § 22: cum rea laudis agar, Ov. H. 14, 120.