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Aegaeus, a, um, adj., Ægean; hence, Mărĕ Aegaeum (Αἰγαῖον πέλαγος, τό, or πόντος Αιγαῖος, ὁ, Xen. Oec. 20, 27), the Ægean Sea, extending eastwards from the coast of Greece to Asia Minor, now called the Archipelago, and by the Turks the White Sea, to distinguish it from the Black Sea: insula Delos in Aegaeo mari posita, Cic. Imp. Pomp. 18.
In the poets also absol.: Aegaeum, i, n., for Aegaeum mare: in patenti Aegaeo, Hor. C. 2, 16, 1; Pers. 5, 142; cf. Burm. Prop. 3, 5, 51. [The etymol. was unknown even to the ancients. Acc. to some, from Ægeus, father of Theseus, who threw himself into this sea; acc. to Varr. L. L. 6, 2 fin., from αἶγες, goats, since the sea, from the many islands rising out of it, resembled a flock of goats; Strabo derives the name from Ægææ, a town in Eubœa.]
Hence, adj.: Aegaeus, a, um, pertaining to the Ægean Sea: gurges, Cic. Arat. 422: tumultus, Hor. C. 3, 29, 63: Neptunus, Verg. A. 3, 74: Cyclades, which lie in it, Ov. Tr. 1, 11, 8: Venus, since she was said to have sprung from the Ægean Sea, Stat. Th. 8, 478.

Albānus, a, um, adj. [Alba].

  1. I.
    1. A. Pertaining to the town of Alba, Alban: exercitus, Liv. 1, 28: pax, the peace between the Romans and Albans, id. 1, 27.
    2. B. Pertaining to Albania: mare Albanum, Plin. 6, 13, 15, § 38: ora, Val. Fl. 5, 460.
  2. II. Hence, Albāni, ōrum, m.
    1. A. The Albans, the inhabitants of Alba Longa, Liv. 1, 29.
    2. B. The Albanians, the inhabitants of Albania, on the Caspian Sea, Plin. 6, 13, 15, § 38.
      Esp., Lăcus Albānus, a deep lake in Latium, south of Rome, and on the west side of old Alba, now Lago di Albano, Liv. 5, 15.
      Mons Albānus, a rocky mountain in Latium, now Monte Cavo, lying eastward from the Alban Lake, 2500 feet above the surface of the Tyrrhene Sea, on whose western declivity, extending to the lake, was the old Alba Longa. Upon its summit, which afforded a noble view, stood the splendid temple of Juppiter Latiaris, up to which wound a paved way, still in part existing, for the festive processions in the holidays of the Latins (feriae Latinae), as well as for the ovations of the Roman generals, cf. Müll. Roms Camp. 2, 139-146.
      Lăpis Albānus, the kind of stone hewn from Mount Alba, called in Ital. peperino or piperno, Vitr. 2, 7; hence. Albanae columnae, made of such stone, Cic. Scaur. 2, 45.
      Albānum, i, n., an estate at Alba, Cic. Att. 7, 5; Quint. 5, 13, 40; Suet. Aug. 72.

2. Ancus (Marcius), i, m. [v. ango] (prop. a servant, as bending, crouching; hence = ancus Martius = θεράπων Ἄρεως, servant of Mars), the fourth king of Rome, A.U.C. 116-140, said to have been the grandson of Numa by Pompilia, Cic. Rep. 2, 18, 33; 2, 3, 5; Varr. Fragm. p. 241 Bip.; Liv. 1, 32 sqq.; Verg. A. 6, 815; Hor. C. 4, 7, 15; Ov. F. 6, 803 al.

Anidus (mons), i, m., a mountain in Liguria, Liv. 40, 38, 3.

bŏnus (old form dŭonus, Carm. Sall. ap. Varr. L. L. 7, § 26 Müll.; cf. Paul. ex Fest. p. 67 Müll.), a, um, adj. [for duonus, cf. bellum, bis, and cf. root dvi-; hence δείδω, δέος], good; comp. melior, us [cf. Gr. μάλα, μᾶλλον], better; sup. optimus (optu-mus, ante-class. and often class.) [root opof ops, opes; cf. copia, apiscor], best.

  1. I. Attributively.
    1. A. As adjunct of nouns denoting persons.
      1. 1. Vir bonus.
          1. (α) A man morally good (καλὸς κἀγαθός): quoniam boni me viri pauperant, improbi alunt, Plaut. Poen. 5, 4, 60: omnibus virtutibus instructos et ornatos tum sapientes, tum viros bonos dicimus, Cic. Tusc. 5, 10, 28: ille vir bonus qui … intolerabili dolore lacerari potius quam aut officium prodat aut fidem, id. Ac. 2, 8, 23: sive vir bonus est is qui prodest quibus potest, nocet nemini, certe istum virum bonum non facile reperimus, id. Off. 3, 15, 64: qui se ita gerunt ut eorum probitas, fides, integritas, etc. … hos viros bonos … appellandos putemus, id. Lael. 5, 19: non intellegunt se de callido homine loqui, non de bono viro, id. Att. 7, 2, 4: ut quisque est vir optimus, ita difficillime esse alios improbos suspicatur, id. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 4, § 12: nec enim melior vir fuit Africano quisquam, nec clarior, id. Lael. 2, 6; id. Leg. 1, 14, 41; 1, 18, 48; id. Planc. 4, 9; id. Par. 3, 1, 21; id. Marcell. 6, 20; id. Fam. 7, 21; id. Off. 2, 16, 57.
          2. (β) An honest man: justitia, ex quā viri boni nominantur, Cic. Off. 1, 7, 21; 1, 44, 155; 2, 11, 39; 2, 12, 42; 2, 20, 71; 3, 12, 50: cum is sponsionem fecisset ni vir bonus esset, id. ib. 3, 19, 77: quoniam Demosthenes nec vir bonus esset, nec bene meritus de civitate, id. Opt. Gen. 7, 20; cf. id. Rosc. Am. 40, 116.
          3. (γ) A man of good standing in the community: id viri boni arbitratu deducetur, Cato, R. R. 143; so id. ib. 149: tuam partem viri bono arbitratu … dari oportet, Dig. 17, 1, 35; 37, 6, 2, § 2: quem voles virum bonum nominato, Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 25, § 55: vir bonus est … quo res sponsore, et quo causae teste tenentur, Hor. Ep. 1, 16, 40.
            Hence, ironically of wealthy men: praetores jus dicunt, aediles ludos parant, viri boni usuras perscribunt, Cic. Att. 9, 12, 3.
          4. (δ) Ironically of bad men: sed eccum lenonem Lycum, bonum virum, Plaut. Poen. 5, 5, 52; Ter. Eun. 5, 3, 9; 4, 3, 18; id. Ad. 3, 4, 30: expectabam quinam isti viri boni testes hujus manifesto deprehensi veneni dicerentur, Cic. Cael. 26, 63: nam socer ejus, vir multum bonus est, id. Agr. 3, 3, 13; so especially in addresses (mostly comic.): age tu, illuc procede, bone vir! Plaut. Capt. 5, 2, 1; id. Curc. 5, 2, 12; id. Ps. 4, 7, 48; id. Pers. 5, 2, 11; Ter. And. 3, 5, 10; 5, 2, 5; id. Ad. 4, 2, 17; id. Eun. 5, 2, 11: quid tu, vir optime? Ecquid habes quod dicas? Cic. Rosc. Am. 36, 104.
            (ε) Sometimes boni viri = boni, in the sense of optimates (v. I. A. 3.): bonis viris quid juris reliquit tribunatus C. Gracchi? Cic. Leg. 3, 9, 20.
            (ζ) As a conventional courtesy: homines optimi non intellegunt, etc., Cic. Fin. 1, 7, 25: bone accusator, id. Rosc. Am. 21, 58: sic illum amicum vocasti, quomodo omnes candidatos bonos viros dicimus, gentlemen, Sen. Ep. 3, 1.
            For bonus vir, a good husband, v. 3.; and for vir optimus, as a laudatory epithet, v. 5.
      2. 2. Boni homines (rare) = boni, better classes of society, v. II. A. 3: in foro infimo boni homines atque dites ambulant, Plaut. Curc. 4, 1, 14.
      3. 3. With nouns denoting persons in regard to their functions, offices, occupations, and qualities, denoting excellence: bonus consul, Liv. 4, 40, 6; 22, 39, 2 (different: consules duos, bonos quidem, sed dumtaxat bonos, amisimus, consuls of good sentiments, almost = bad consuls, Cic. ad Brut. 1, 3, 4): boni tribuni plebis, Cic. Phil. 1, 10, 25: bonus senator, id. Prov. Cons. 15, 37: senator bonus, id. Dom. 4, 8: bonus judex, id. Verr. 2, 4, 15, § 34: bonus augur (ironically), id. Phil. 2, 32, 80: bonus vates, Plaut. Mil. 3, 3, 27: bonus imperator, Sall. C. 60, 4: bonus dux, Quint. 12, 1, 43 (cf. trop.: naturam, optimam ducem, the best guide, Cic. Sen. 2, 5): bonus miles, Sall. C. 60, 4; Sen. Vit. Beat. 15, 5: bonus orator, Cic. Fin. 1, 3, 10: optimus orator, id. Opt. Gen. 1, 3: poëta bonus, id. de Or. 1, 3, 11; 2, 46, 194; id. Fin. 1, 3, 10: scriptor bonus, Quint. 10, 1, 104: bonus advocatus, id. 5, 13, 10: bonus defensor, id. 5, 13, 3: bonus altercator, a good debater, id. 6, 4, 10: bonus praeceptor, id. 5, 13, 44; 10, 5, 22: bonus gubernator, Cic. Ac. 2, 31, 100: optimus opifex, Hor. S. 1, 3, 133: sutor bonus, id. ib. 1, 3, 125: actor optimus, Cic. Sest. 57, 122: cantor optimus est modulator, Hor. S. 1, 3, 130: melior gladiator, Ov. Tr. 4, 6, 33: agricola (colonus, dominus) bonus, Cato, R. R. prooem.; Cic. Sen. 16, 56: bonus paterfamilias, a thrifty head of the house, Nep. Att. 13, 1: bonus servus, Plaut. Trin. 4, 3, 58; id. Am. 2, 1, 46; id. Men. 5, 6, 1; Cic. Mil. 22, 58: dominus bonus, Cato, R. R. 14: bonus custos, Plaut. Truc. 4, 3, 38.
        Ironically, Ter. Phorm. 2, 1, 57: filius bonus, Plaut. Am. 3, 4, 9: patres, Quint. 11, 3, 178: parens, id. 6, prooem. 4: bonus (melior, optimus), viz. a good husband, Cic. Inv. 1, 31, 51 sq.; Liv. 1, 9, 15: uxor melior, Cic. Inv. 1, 31, 52: amicus, id. Fam. 2, 15, 3: amicus optimus, Plaut. Cas. 3, 3, 18: optimus testis, Cic. Fam. 7, 27, 2: auctor, in two senses, good authority, id. Att. 5, 12, 3; and = bonus scriptor (post-class.), Quint. 10, 1, 74.
        Esp.: bonus civis (rarely civis bonus): in re publicā ea velle quae tranquilla et honesta sint: talem enim solemus et sentire bonum civem et dicere, Cic.-Off. 1, 34, 124: eaque est summa ratio et sapientia boni civis, commoda civium non divellere, atque omnes aequitate eādem continere, id. ib. 2, 23, 83: eum esse civem et fidelem et bonum, Plaut. Pers. 1, 2, 15; Cic. Fam. 2, 8, 2; 1, 9, 10; 3, 12, 1; 6, 6, 11; id. Off. 1, 44, 155; Liv. 22, 39, 3; Sall. H. Fragm. 1, 10 Dietsch: optimus et fortissimus civis, Cic. Fam. 12, 2, 3; id. Sest. 17, 39.
      4. 4. Bonus and optimus as epithets of the gods.
          1. (α) In gen.: sed te bonus Mercurius perdat, Plaut. Cas. 2, 3, 23: fata … bonique divi, Hor. C. 4, 2, 38: divis orte bonis, id. ib. 4, 5, 1: O bone deus! Scrib. Comp. 84 fin.: BONORVM DEORVM, Inscr. ap. Cic. N. D. 3, 34, 84: totidem, pater optime, dixi, Tu mihi da cives, referring to Jupiter, Ov. M. 7, 627.
          2. (β) Optimus Maximus, a standing epithet of Jupiter: (Juppiter) a majoribus nostris Optimus Maximus (nominatur), et quidem ante optimus, id est beneficentissimus, quam Maximus, Cic. N. D. 2, 25, 64: Jovem optimum et maximum ob eas res appellant, non quod, etc., id. ib. 3, 36, 87: in templo Jovis Optimi Maximi, id. Sest. 56, 129; id. Prov. Cons. 9, 22: nutu Jovis Optimi Maximi, id. Cat. 3, 9, 21; Liv. 1, 12, 7; id. 6, 16, 2.
          3. (γ) Di boni, O di boni, expressing indignation, sorrow, or surprise: di boni, hunc visitavi antidhac! Plaut. Ep. 4, 1, 16: di boni, boni quid porto! Ter. And. 2, 2, 1: di boni, quid hoc morbi est, id. Eun. 2, 1, 19; id. Heaut. 2, 3, 13; id. Ad. 3, 3, 86: alter, O di boni, quam taeter incedebat! Cic. Sest. 8, 19; id. Brut. 84, 288; id. Phil. 2, 8, 20; 2, 32, 80; id. Att. 1, 16, 5; 14, 21, 2; Val. Max. 3, 5, 1; Sen. Vit. Beat. 2, 3.
          4. (δ) Bona Dea, etc., v. 6.
      5. 5. Optimus as a laudatory epithet.
          1. (α) Vir optimus: per vos nobis, per optimos viros optimis civibus periculum inferre conantur, Cic. Sest. 1, 2: virum optimum et constantissimum M. Cispium, id. ib. 35, 76: fratrem meum, virum optimum, fortissimum, id. ib.: consolabor hos praesentes, viros optimos, id. Balb. 19, 44; id. Planc. 21, 51; 23, 55; id. Mil. 14, 38; id. Marcell. 4, 10; id. Att. 5, 1, 5; Hor. S. 1, 6, 53.
          2. (β) Femina bona, optima: tua conjunx bona femina, Cic. Phil. 3, 6, 16: hujus sanctissimae feminae atque optimae pater, id. ib.
          3. (γ) Senex, pater, frater, etc.: optimus: parentes ejus, prudentissimi atque optimi senis, Cic. Planc. 41, 97: insuevit pater optimus hoc me, Hor. S. 1, 4, 105; 2, 1, 12: C. Marcelli, fratris optimi, Cic. Fam. 4, 7, 6; id. Q. Fr. 2, 6 (8), 2; 2, 4, 2.
          4. (δ) With proper names (poet.): optimus Vergilius, Hor. S. 1, 6, 54: Maecenas optimus, id. ib. 1, 5, 27: optime Quinti, id. Ep. 1, 16, 1.
            (ε) Esp. as an epithet of the Roman emperors: quid tam civile, tam senatorium quam illud, additum a nobis Optimi cognomen? Plin. Pan. 2, 7: gratias, inquit, ago, optime Princeps! Sen. Tranq. 14. 4: ex epistulā optimi imperatoris Antonini, Gai. Inst. 1, 102; cf.: bene te patriae pater optime Caesar, Ov. F. 2, 637: optime Romulae Custos gentis, Hor. C. 4, 5, 1.
      6. 6. Bonus and Bona, names of deities.
          1. (α) Bona Dea, the goddess of Chastity, whose temple could not be entered by males (cf. Macr. S. 1, 12; Lact. 1, 22): Bonae Deae pulvinaribus, Cic. Pis. 39, 95; id. Mil. 31, 86; id. Fam. 1, 9, 15; cf. in mal. part., Juv. 2, 86 sq.; 6, 314 sq.; 6, 335 sq.
          2. (β) Bonus Eventus, Varr. R. R. 1, 1 med.; Amm. 29, 6, 19; Inscr. Orell. 907; 1780 sq.
          3. (γ) Bona Fortuna: si bona Fortuna veniat, ne intromiseris, Plaut. Aul. 1, 3, 22: Bonae Fortunae (signum), Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 3, § 7: FORTVNAE BONAE DOMESTICAE, Inscr. Orell. 1743 sq.
          4. (δ) Bona Spes: Spes Bona, obsecro, subventa mihi, Plaut. Rud. 1, 4, 12: BONAE SPEI, Aug. Inscr. Grut. 1075, 1.
            (ε) BONA MENS, Inscr. Orell. 1818 sqq.: Mens Bona, si qua dea es, tua me in sacraria dono, Prop. 3, 24, 19.
    2. B. With nouns denoting things.
      1. 1. Things concrete, denoting excellence: navis bona dicitur non quae pretiosis coloribus picta est … sed stabilis et firma, Sen. Ep. 76, 13: gladium bonum dices, non cui auratus est balteus, etc., sed cui et ad secandum subtilis acies est, et, etc., id. ib. 76, 14: id vinum erit lene et bono colore, Cato, R. R. 109; Lucr. 2, 418; Ov. Am. 2, 7, 9: tabulas … collocare in bono lumine, Cic. Brut. 75, 261: ex quāvis oleā oleum … bonum fieri potest. Cato, R. R. 3: per aestatem boves aquam bonam et liquidam bibant semper curato, id. ib. 73; cf.: bonae aquae, ironically compared to wine, Prop. 2, 33 (3, 31), 28: praedium bonum caelum habeat, good temperature, Cato, R. R. 1: bonā tempestate, in good weather, Cic. Q. Fr. 2, 2, 4: (praedium) solo bono valeat, by good soil, Cato, R. R. 1: bonae (aedes) cum curantur male, Plaut. Most. 1, 2, 24: villam bonam, Cic. Off. 3, 13, 55: bonus pons, Cat. 17, 5: scyphi optimi (= optime facti), Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 14, § 32: perbona toreumata, id. ib. 2, 4, 18, § 38: bona domicilia, comfortable residences, id. N. D. 2, 37, 95: agrum Meliorem nemo habet, Ter. Heaut. 1, 1, 12: fundum meliorem, Cic. Inv. 1, 31, 52: fundos optimos et fructuosissimos, id. Agr. 3, 4, 14: equus melior, id. Inv. 1, 31, 52: bona cena, Cat. 13, 3: boni nummi, good, not counterfeit, Plaut. As. 3, 3, 144; Cic. Off. 3, 23, 91: super omnia vultus accessere boni, good looks, Ov. M. 8, 678: mulier bonā formā, of a fine form, Ter. Heaut. 3, 2, 13: equus formae melioris, Hor. S. 2, 7, 52: tam bona cervix, simul ac jussero, demetur, fine, beautiful, Suet. Calig. 33: fruges bonae, Cat. 34, 19: ova suci melioris, of better flavor, Hor. S. 2, 4, 13.
        Trop.: animus aequus optimum est aerumnae condimentum, Plaut. Rud. 2, 3, 71: bona dextra, a lucky hand (cf.: bonum omen, 2. e.), Quint. 6, 3, 69: scio te bonā esse voce, ne clama nimis, good, sound, loud voice, Plaut. Most. 3, 1, 43; so, bona firmaque vox, Quint. 11, 3, 13.
      2. 2. Things abstract.
        1. a. Of physical well-being: ut si qui neget sine bonā valetudine posse bene vivi, Cic. Inv. 1, 51, 93; Sen. Vit. Beat. 22, 2; Lucr. 3, 102; Val. Max. 2, 5, 6; Quint. 10, 3, 26; 11, 2, 35 et saep.: non bonus somnus de prandio est, Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 8: bona aetas, prime of life, Cic. Sen. 14, 48: optimā aetate, id. Fam. 10, 3, 3.
          Ironically: bonā, inquis, aetate, etc., Sen. Ep. 76, 1.
        2. b. Of the mind and soul: meliore esse sensu, Cic. Sest. 21, 47: optima indoles, id. Fin. 5, 22, 61: bona conscientia, Quint. 6, 1, 33; 9, 2, 93; Sen. Vit. Beat. 20, 5: bono ingenio me esse ornatam quam auro multo mavolo, with a good heart, Plaut. Poen. 1, 2, 91; id. Stich. 1, 21, 59; Sall. C. 10, 5: mens melior, Ter. Ad. 3, 3, 78; Cic. Phil. 3, 5, 13; Liv. 39, 16, 5; Sen. Ben. 1, 11, 4; id. Ep. 10, 4; Pers. 2, 8; Petr. 61.
          Personified, Prop. 3 (4), 24, 19; Ov. Am. 1, 2, 31: duos optimae indolis filios, Val. Max. 5, 7, 2; Sen. Ben. 6, 16, 6; Quint. 1, 2, 5: bonum consilium, Plaut. Merc. 2, 3, 6; id. Rud. 4, 3, 18; Cic. Off. 1, 33, 121: bona voluntas, a good purpose, Quint. 12, 11, 31: memoria bona, Cic. Att. 8, 4, 2: bona ratio cum perditā … confligit, id. Cat. 2, 11, 25: bonae rationes, Ter. Ad. 5, 3, 50: pronuntiatio bona, Auct. Her. 3, 15, 27.
        3. c. Of moral relations: ego si bonam famam mihi servasso, sat ero dives, Plaut. Most. 1, 3, 71; Cic. Sest. 66, 139; Liv. 6, 11, 7; Hor. S. 1, 2, 61 (cf. Cic. Att. 7, 26, 1; v. e. infra): si ego in causā tam bonā cessi tribuni plebis furori, Cic. Sest. 16, 36; id. Planc. 36, 87; Ov. M. 5, 220: fac, sis, bonae frugi sies, of good, regular habits, Plaut. Curc. 4, 2, 35; id. Cas. 2, 4, 5; 2, 5, 19; id. Ps. 1, 5, 53; id. Truc. 1, 1, 13; id. Capt. 5, 2, 3 sq. (v. frux, II. B. 1. β.): vilicus disciplinā bonā utatur. Cato, R. R. 5: bona studia, moral pursuits, Auct. Her. 4, 17, 25: quidquid vitā meliore parasti, Hor. S. 2, 3, 15: ad spem mortis melioris, an honorable death; so as an epithet of religious exercises: Juppiter, te bonas preces precor, Cato, R. R. 134; 139.
        4. d. Of external, artistic, and literary value and usefulness: bono usui estis nulli, Plaut. Curc. 4, 2, 15: Optumo optume optumam operam das, id. Am. 1, 1, 122: bonam dedistis mihi operam, a valuable service to me, id. Poen. 2, 3, 70; 3, 6, 11; id. Pers. 4, 7, 11; id. Rud. 3, 6, 11 (in a different sense: me bonā operā aut malā Tibi inventurum esse auxilium argentarium, by fair or unfair means, id. Ps. 1, 1, 102; v. e. infra): optima hereditas a patribus traditur liberis … gloria virtutis rerumque gestarum, Cic. Off. 1, 33, 121: bonum otium, valuable leisure, Sall. C. 4, 1: bonis versibus, Cic. Ac. 2, 23, 74: versus meliores, Plaut. Trin. 3, 2, 81: meliora poemata, Hor. A. P. 303: in illā pro Ctesiphonte oratione longe optimā, Cic. Or. 8, 26: optimas fabulas, id. Off. 1, 31, 114: melius munus, id. Ac. 1, 2, 7.
        5. e. Favorable, prosperous, lucky, fortunate: de Procilio rumores non boni, unfavorable rumors, Cic. Att. 4, 16, 5: bona de Domitio, praeclara de Afranio fama est, about their success in the war, id. ib. 7, 26, 1: si fuisset in discipulo comparando meliore fortunā, id. Pis. 29, 71; cf. fortunā optimā esse, to be in the best pecuniary circumstances, id. ad Brut. 1, 1, 2: occasio tam bona, Plaut. Most. 2, 2, 9: senex est eo meliore condicione quam adulesoens cum, etc., Cic. Sen. 19, 68; id. Fam. 4, 32: bona navigatio, id. N. D. 3, 34, 83; esp. in phrase bona spes.
          Object.: ergo in iis adulescentibus bonam spem esse dicemus et magnam indolem quos, etc., Cic. Fin. 2, 35, 117.
          Subject.: ego sum spe bonā, Cic. Fam. 12, 28, 3; id. Cat. 2, 11, 25; id. Att. 14, 1 a, 3; id. Q. Fr. 1, 2, 5, § 16: optimā spe, id. Fam. 12, 11, 2.
          Pregn., = spes bonarum rerum, Sall. C. 21, 1; v. C. 1. c. infra: meliora responsa, more favorable, Liv. 7, 21, 6: melior interpretatio, Tac. H. 3, 65: cum laude et bonis recordationibus, id. A. 4, 38: amnis Doctus iter melius, i. e. less injurious, Hor. A. P. 68: omen bonum, a good, lucky omen, Cic. Pis. 13, 31; cf. Liv. praef. § 13: melius omen, Ov. F. 1, 221; optimum, Cic. Fam. 3, 12, 2: bona scaeva, Plaut. Stich. 5, 2, 24: auspicio optumo, id. ib. 3, 2, 6; cf.: memini bene, sed meliore Tempore dicam = opportuniore tempore, Hor. S. 1, 9, 68.
        6. f. Of public affairs, si mihi bonā re publicā frui non licuerit, Cic. Mil. 34, 93: optima res publica, id. Or. 1, 1, 1; id. Phil. 1, 8, 19: minus bonis temporibus, id. Dom. 4, 8; so, optimis temporibus, id. Sest. 3, 6: nostrae res meliore loco videbantur, id. ad Brut. 1, 3, 1: lex optima, id. Pis. 16, 37; id. Sest. 64, 137; id. Phil, 1, 8, 19.
        7. g. Good = large, considerable: bono atque amplo lucro, Plaut. Am. prol. 6: bona librorum copia, Hor. Ep. 1, 18, 109; cf.: bona copia cornu, Ov. M. 9, 88; v. bona pars, C. 8. γ.
        8. h. Noble; with genus, good family, noble extraction, honorable birth: quali me arbitraris genere prognatum? Eu. Bono, Plaut. Aul. 2, 2, 35; so id. Ep. 1, 2, 4; 2, 1, 3; id. Pers. 4, 4, 94: si bono genere natus sit, Auct. Her. 3, 7, 13.
        9. k. Referring to good-will, kindness, faithfulness, in certain phrases.
          1. (α) Bonā veniā or cum bonā veniā, with the kind permission of a person addressed, especially bonā veniā orare, expetere, etc.: primum abs te hoc bonā veniā expeto, Ter. Phorm. 2, 3, 31: bonā tuā veniā dixerim, Cic. Leg. 3, 15, 34: orāvit bonā veniā Quirites, ne, etc., Liv. 7, 41, 3: obsecro vos.. bonā veniā vestrā liceat, etc., id. 6, 40, 10: cum bonā veniā quaeso audiatis, etc., id. 29, 17, 6; Arn. c. Gent. 1, p. 5; cf.. sed des veniam bonus oro = veniā bonā oro, Hor. S. 2, 4, 5.
          2. (β) Bona pax, without quarrelling: bona pax sit potius, let us have no quarrel about that, Plaut. Pers. 2, 2, 7; so especially cum bonā pace, or bonā pace: Hannibal ad Alpis cum bonā pace incolentium … pervenit, without a difficulty with the inhabitants, Liv. 21, 32, 6; 21, 24, 5; 1, 24, 3; 28, 37, 4; 8, 15, 1; cf.: si bonam (pacem) dederitis, = a fair peace, under acceptable conditions, id. 8, 21, 4.
          3. (γ) Amicitia bona = bonā fide servata, faithful, undisturbed friendship: igitur amicitia Masinissae bona atque honesta nobis permansit, Sall. J. 5, 5.
          4. (δ) Bona societas, alliance: Segestes, memoriā bonae societatis, impavidus, Tac. A. 1, 58.
    3. C. In particular phrases.
      1. 1. Bonae res.
        1. a. = Vitae commoda, comforts of life, abstract or concrete: concedatur bonis rebus homines morte privari, Cic. Tusc. 1, 36, 87: optimis rebus usus est, he had every most desirable thing, Nep. Att. 18, 1.
        2. b. = Res secundae, opp. res adversae, prosperity: bonis rebus tuis, meas irrides malas, Plaut. Trin. 2, 4, 45: in bonis rebus, Hor. C. 2, 3, 2.
        3. c. Res bona = res familiaris bona, wealth (poet.): in re bonā esse, Laber. ap. Gell. 10, 17, 4.
          Also an object of value: homines quibus mala abunde omnia erant, sed neque res neque spes bona ulla, who had no property, nor the hope of any, Sall. C. 21, 1.
        4. d. Costly things, articles of luxury: capere urbem in Arabiā plenam bonarum rerum, Plaut. Pers. 4, 3, 46; 4, 4, 82: nimium rei bonae, id. Stich. 2, 3, 55: ignorantia bonarum rerum, Nep. Ages. 8, 5’ bonis rebus gaudere, Hor. S. 2, 6, 110: re bonā copiosum esse, Gell. 16, 19, 7.
        5. e. Moral, morally good: illi cum res non bonas tractent, Cic. Ac. 2, 33, 72: ut de virtutibus et vitiis, omninoque de bonis rebus et malis quaererent, id. ib. 1, 4, 15: quid habemus in rebus bonis et malis explorati? id. ib. 2, 42, 129; so id. Or. 1, 10, 42; id. Leg. 1, 22, 58: quae tamen omnia dulciora fuint et moribus bonis et artibus, id. Sen. 18, 65.
        6. f. In literary composition, important or interesting matter, subjects, or questions: res bonas verbis electis dictas quis non legat? Cic. Fin. 1, 3, 8: studiis generorum, praesertim in re bonā, Plaut. Am. 8, 26.
      2. 2. Bonae artes.
          1. (α) A good, laudable way of dealing: qui praeclari facinoris aut artis bonae famam quaerit, Sall. C. 2, 9: huic bonae artes desunt, dolis atque fallaciis contendit, id. ib. 11, 2: quod is bonarum artium cupiens erat, Tac. A. 6, 46.
          2. (β) Liberal arts and sciences: litteris aut ulli bonae arti, Quint. 12, 1, 7: conservate civem bonarum artium, bonarum partium, bonorum virorum, Cic. Sest. 32, 77.
            Esp.: optimae artes: optimarum artium scientia, Cic. Fin. 1, 3, 4; id. Ac. 2, 1, 1; id. Cael. 10, 24; id. Marcell. 1, 4.
      3. 3. Bona fides, or fides bona.
        1. a. Good faith, i. e. conscious honesty in acts or words: qui nummos fide bonā solvit, who pays (the price of labor) in good faith, i. e. as it is honestly earned, Cato, R. R. 14: dic, bonā fide, tu id aurum non subripuisti? Plaut. Aul. 4, 10, 46; 4, 10, 47; id. Capt. 4, 2, 111; id. Most. 3, 1, 137; id. Poen. 1, 3, 30; id. Pers. 4, 3, 16; id. Ps. 4, 6, 33: si tibi optimā fide omnia concessit, Cic. Rosc. Am. 49, 144; Quint. 10, 3, 23.
          Hence, bonae fidei vir, a conscientious man, Quint. 10, 7, 1.
        2. b. Jurid. t. t.
          1. (α) Good faith in contracts and legal acts in general, opposed to dolus malus, honesty and fairness in dealing with another: ad fidem bonam statuit pertinere, notum esse emptori vitium quod nosset venditor, Cic. Off. 3, 16, 67.
            Hence, alienam rem bonā fide emere, to buy, believing the seller to be the rightful owner, Dig. 41, 3, 10; 41, 3, 13, § 1. bonae fidei possessor (also possessio), believing that he is the rightful owner, ib. 5, 3, 25, § 11; 5, 3, 22; 41, 3, 15, § 2; 41, 3, 24: conventio contra bonam fidem et mores bonos, ib. 16, 31, § 7: bonam fidem praestare, to be responsible for one’s good faith, ib. 17, 1, 10 prooem.
            Hence,
          2. (β) Bonae fidei actiones or judicia, actions in equity, i. e. certain classes of actions in which the strict civil law was set aside by the prætorian edict in favor of equity: actiones quaedam bonae fidei sunt, quaedam stricti juris. Bonae fidei sunt haec: exempto vendito, locato conducto, etc., Just. Inst. 4, 6, 28, § 19.
            In the republican time the prætor added in such actions to his formula for the judex the words ex fide bonā, or, in full: quidquid dare facere oportet ex fide bonā, Cic. Off. 3, 16, 66: iste dolus malus et legibus erat vindicatus, et sine lege, judiciis in quibus additur ex fide bonā, id. ib. 3, 15, 61; cf. id. ib. 3, 17, 70.
      4. 4. Bona verba.
          1. (α) Kind words: Bona verba quaeso, Ter. And. 1, 2, 33.
          2. (β) Words of good omen (v. omen): dicamus bona verba, Tib. 2, 2, 1: dicite suffuso ter bona verba mero, Ov. F. 2, 638.
          3. (γ) Elegant or well-chosen expressions: quid est tam furiosum quam verborum vel optimorum atque ornatissimorum sonitus inanis, Cic. Or. 1, 12, 51: verborum bonorum cursu, id. Brut. 66, 233: omnia verba sunt alicubi optima, Quint. 10, 1, 9.
          4. (δ) Moral sayings: non est quod contemnas bona verba et bonis cogitationibus plena praecordia, Sen. Vit. Beat. 20, 1.
      5. 5. Bona dicta.
          1. (α) Polite, courteous language: hoc petere me precario a vobis jussit leniter dictis bonis, Plaut. Am. prol. 25.
          2. (β) Witticisms (bon-mots): flammam a sapiente facilius ore in ardente opprimi, quam bona dicta teneat, Enn. ap. Cic. Or. 2, 54, 222: dico unum ridiculum dictum de dictis melioribus quibus solebam menstruales epulas ante adipiscier, Plaut. Capt. 3, 1, 22: ibo intro ad libros ut discam de dictis melioribus, id. Stich. 2, 3, 75.
      6. 6. Bona facta.
          1. (α) = bene facta (v. bene, I. B. 2. b.), laudable deeds: nobilitas ambobus et majorum bona facta (sc. erant), Tac. A. 3, 40.
          2. (β) Bonum factum est, colloq., = bene est, bene factum est (v. bene, I. B. 2. b.): bonum factum est, ut edicta servetis mea, Plaut. Poen. prol. 16: haec imperata quae sunt pro imperio histrico, bonum hercle factum (est) pro se quisque ut meminerit, id. ib. 45.
            Hence,
          3. (γ) Elliptically, introducing commands which cannot be enforced, = if you will do so, it will be well: peregrinis in senatum allectis, libellus propositus est: bonum factum, ne quis senatori novo curiam monstrare velit, Suet. Caes. 80: et Chaldaeos edicere: bonum factum, ne Vitellius … usquam esset, id. Vit. 14: hac die Carthaginem vici: bonum factum, in Capitolium eamus, et deos supplicemus, Aur. Vict. 49; cf.: o edictum, cui adscribi non poterit bonum factum, Tert. Pud. 1.
      7. 7. Bona gratia.
          1. (α) A friendly understanding: cur non videmus inter nos haec potius cum bonā Ut componantur gratiā quam cum malā? Ter. Phorm. 4, 3, 17; so, per gratiam bonam abire, to part with good feelings, Plaut. Mil. 4, 3, 33.
            In jest: sine bonā gratiā abire, of things cast away, Plaut Truc. 2, 7, 15.
          2. (β) Pleon., in the phrase bonam gratiam habere, = gratiam habere, to thank (v. B. 2. k.), Plaut. Rud. 2, 5, 32; id. Bacch. 4, 8, 99.
      8. 8. Bona pars.
          1. (α) The well-disposed part of a body of persons: ut plerumque fit, major pars (i. e. of the senate) meliorem vicit, Liv. 21, 4, 1: pars melior senatūs ad meliora responsa trahere, id. 7, 21, 6.
          2. (β) The good party, i. e. the optimates (gen. in plur.): civem bonarum partium, Cic. Sest. 32, 77: (fuit) meliorum partium aliquando, id. Cael. 6, 13: qui sibi gratiam melioris partis velit quaesitam, Liv. 2, 44, 3.
            Paronom.: (Roscius) semper partium in re publicā tam quam in scaenā optimarum, i. e. party and part in a drama, Cic. Sest. 56, 120.
          3. (γ) Of things or persons, a considerable part (cf. a good deal): bonam partem ad te adtulit, Ter. Eun. 1, 2, 43: bonam partem sermonis in hunc diem esse dilatam, Cic. Or. 2, 3, 14: bonam magnamque partem exercitūs, Val. Max. 5, 2, ext. 4: bona pars noctium, Quint. 12, 11, 19: bona pars hominum, Hor. S. 1, 1, 61: meae vocis … bona pars, id. C. 4, 2, 46; so id. A. P. 297; Ov. P. 1, 8, 74: melior pars diei, Verg. A. 9, 156.
          4. (δ) Rarely, and mostly eccl. Lat.: optima pars, the best part or lot: nostri melior pars animus est, Sen. Q. N. 1, prooem. § 14; cf.: quae pars optima est in homine, best, most valuable, Cic. Tusc. 5, 23, 67: major pars aetatis, certe melior reipublicae data sit, Sen. Brev. Vit. 18, 1: Maria optimam partem elegit, quae non auferetur ab eā, Vulg. Luc. 10, 42.
            (ε) Adverb.: bonam partem = ex magnā parte, Lucr. 6, 1249.
            (ζ) Aliquem in optimam partem cognoscere, to know somebody from his most favorable side, Cic. Off. 2, 13, 46: aliquid in optimam partem accipere, to take something in good part, interpret it most favorably: Caesar mihi ignoscit quod non venerim, seseque in optimam partem id accipere dicit, id. Att. 10, 3 a, 2; id. ad Brut. 1, 2, 3: quaeso ut hoc in bonam partem accipias, id. Rosc. Am. 16, 45.
      9. 9. Dies bonus or bona.
          1. (α) A day of good omen, a fortunate day (= dies laetus, faustus): tum tu igitur die bono, Aphrodisiis, addice, etc., Plaut. Poen. 2, 49: nunc dicenda bonā sunt bona verba die, Ov. F. 1, 72.
          2. (β) A beautiful, serene day, Sen. Vit. Beat. 22, 3.
      10. 10. Bonus mos.
          1. (α) Boni mores, referring to individuals, good, decent, moral habits: nihil est amabilius quam morum similitudo bonorum, Cic. Off. 1, 17, 56: nam hic nimium morbus mores invasit bonos, Plaut. Trin. 1, 1, 6: domi militiaeque boni mores colebantur, Sall. C. 9, 1: propter ejus suavissimos et optimos mores, Cic. Phil. 3, 5, 13: cum per tot annos matronae optimis moribus vixerint, Liv. 34, 6, 9: mores meliores, Plaut. Aul. 3, 5, 18.
          2. (β) Bonus mos or boni mores, in the abstract, morality, the laws, rules of morality: ei vos morigerari mos bonu’st, it is a rule of morality that you should, etc., Plaut. Capt. 2, 1, 4: ex optimo more et sanctissimā disciplinā, Cic. Phil. 2, 28, 69: neglegentia boni moris, Sen. Ep. 97, 1.
            Jurid. t. t.: conventio, mandatum contra bonos mores, in conflict with morality, Quint. 3, 1, 57; Dig. 16, 3, 1, § 7; Gai. Inst. 3, 157 et saep.
      11. 11. Adverbial phrases.
        1. a. Bono animo esse, or bonum animum habere.
          1. (α) To be of good cheer or courage: bono animo es! Liberabit ille te homo, Plaut. Merc 3, 1, 33; so id. Aul. 4, 10, 61; id. Mil. 4, 8, 32; id. Rud. 3, 3, 17; Ter. Eun. 1, 2, 4; id. Heaut. 4, 6, 18; id. Ad. 2, 4, 20; 3, 5, 1; 4, 2, 4; 4, 5, 62; id. Phorm. 5, 8, 72: animo bono es, Plaut. Ps. 1, 3, 103; id. Am. 2, 2, 48; 5, 2, 1: bono animo es, inquit Scrofa, et fiscinam expedi, Varr. R. R. 1, 26: bono animo sint et tui et mei familiares, Cic. Fam. 6, 18, 1; 6, 10, 29: bono animo esse jubere eam consul, Liv. 39, 13, 7: habe modo bonum animum, Plaut. Capt. 1, 2, 58; so id. Am. 1, 3, 47; id. Truc. 2, 6, 44; id. Aul. 2, 2, 15: habe animum bonum, id. Cas. 2, 6, 35; id. Ep. 2, 2, 1; 4, 2, 31: bonum animum habe, Liv. 45, 8, 5: clamor ortus ut bonum animum haberet, id. 8, 32, 1; so Sen. Ep. 87, 38.
          2. (β) Bono animo esse, or facere aliquid, to be of a good or friendly disposition, or to do with good, honest intentions: audire jubet vos imperator histricus, bonoque ut animo sedeant in subselliis qui, etc., Plaut. Poen. prol. 5: sunt enim (consules) optimo animo, summo consilio, of the best disposition, Cic. Phil. 3, 1, 2: bono te animo tum populus Romanus … dicere existimavit ea quae sentiebatis, sed, etc., id. Imp. Pomp. 19, 56: quod nondum bono animo in populum Romanum viderentur, Caes. B. G. 1, 6; Quint. 7, 4, 15.
          3. (γ) Bonus animus, good temper, patience: bonus animus in malā re dimidium mali est, Plaut. Ps. 1, 5, 37: vos etiam hoc animo meliore feratis, Ov. M. 9, 433.
        2. b. Bono modo.
          1. (α) = placide, with composure, moderation: si quis quid deliquerit, pro noxā bono modo vindicet, Cato, R. R. 5: haec tibi tam sunt defendenda quam moenia, mihi autem bono modo, tantum quantum videbitur, Cic. Ac. 2, 44, 137.
          2. (β) In a decent manner: neu quisquam prohibeto filium quin amet … quod bono fiat modo, Plaut. Merc. 5, 4, 62.
        3. c. Jure optimo or optimo jure, with good, perfect right: te ipse jure optumo incuses licet, Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 23; id. Rud. 2, 6, 53: ut jure optimo me deserere posses, Cic. Fam. 3, 8, 6; Sen. Ot. Sap. 2 (29), 2.
          With pass. or intr. verb, deservedly: ne jure optimo irrideamur, Cic. Off. 1, 31, 111; cf. id. ib. 1, 42, 151; id. Marcell. 1, 4; similarly, optimo judicio, Val. Max. 2, 9, 2.
  2. II. As subst.
    1. A. bŏnus, boni, m.; of persons.
      1. 1. In sing. or plur. orig. = bonus vir, boni viri; v. I. A. 1. a. β, supra, a morally good man.
          1. (α) Plur.: bonis quod bene fit haud perit, Plaut. Rud. 4, 3, 2; id. Capt. 2, 2, 108; id. Trin. 2, 1, 55; id. Pers. 4, 5, 2: melius apud bonos quam apud fortunatos beneficium collocari puto, Cic. Off. 2, 20, 71: verum esse ut bonos boni diligant, quamobrem … bonis inter bonos quasi necessariam (esse) benevolentiam, id. Lael. 14, 50: diverso itinere malos a bonis loca tætra … habere, Sall. C. 52, 13; 7, 2; 52, 22: oderunt peccare boni virtutis amore, Hor. Ep. 1, 16, 52: tam bonis quam malis conduntur urbes, Sen. Ben. 4, 28, 4; so id. Vit. Beat. 15, 6; Quint. 9, 2, 76.
            Rarely bŏnae, ārum, f., good women: quia omnes bonos bonasque adcurare addecet, etc., Plaut. Trin. 1, 2, 41.
          2. (β) Sing.: malus bonum malum esse volt ut sit sui similis, Plaut. Trin. 2, 2, 8: nec enim cuique bono mali quidquam evenire potest, Cic. Tusc. 1, 41, 99; cf.: qui meliorem audax vocet in jus, Hor. S. 2, 5, 29.
      2. 2. Bonus, a man of honor.
          1. (α) A brave man: pro quā (patriā) quis bonus dubitet mortem oppetere si ei sit profuturus? Cic. Off. 1, 17, 57: libertatem quam nemo bonus nisi cum animā simul amittat, Sall. C. 33, 5: fortes creantur fortibus et bonis, Hor. C. 4, 4, 29 (opp. ignavi): famā impari boni atque ignavi erant, Sall. J. 57, 6; 53, 8; id. C. 11, 2.
          2. (β) A gentleman: quis enim umquam, qui paululum modo bonorum consuetudinem nosset, litteras ad se ab amico missas … in medium protulit? Cic. Phil. 2, 4, 7.
      3. 3. Boni, the better (i. e. higher) classes of society.
          1. (α) In gen. (of political sentiments, = optimates, opp. populares, seditiosi, perditi cives, etc.; so usu. in Cic.): meam causam omnes boni proprie enixeque susceperant, Cic. Sest. 16, 38: audaces homines et perditi nutu impelluntur … boni, nescio quomodo, tardiores sunt, etc., id. ib. 47, 100: ego Kal. Jan. senatum et bonos omnes legis agrariae … metu liberavi, id. Pis. 2, 4: etenim omnes boni, quantum in ipsis fuit, Caesarem occiderunt, id. Phil. 2, 13, 29; id. Fam. 5, 2, 8; 5, 21, 2; id. Sest. 2, 5; 16, 36; 48, 103; id. Planc. 35, 86; id. Mil. 2, 5; id. Off. 2. 12, 43: maledictis increpat omnes bonos, Sall. C. 21, 4; 19, 2; 33, 3; Hirt. B. G. 8, 22; so, optimi, Cic. Leg. 3, 17, 37; and, ironically, boni identified with the rich: bonorum, id est lautorum et locupletum, id. Att. 8, 1, 3.
          2. (β) Without reference to political views; opp. vulgus (rare): nihil ego istos moror fatuos mores quibus boni dedecorant se, Plaut. Trin. 2, 2, 22: semper in civitate quibus opes nullae sunt bonis invident, Sall. C. 37, 3: elatus est sine ullā pompā funeris, comitantibus omnibus bonis, maximā vulgi frequentiā, Nep. Att. 22, 2.
            So, mĕlĭōres, um, m., one’s betters: ut quaestui habeant male loqui melioribus, Plaut. Poen. 3, 3, 13: da locum melioribus, Ter. Phorm. 3, 2, 37.
      4. 4. Boni, bone, in addresses, as an expression of courtesy, Hor. S. 2, 2, 1; 2, 6, 51; 2, 6, 95; id. Ep. 2, 2, 37; ironice, id. S. 2, 3, 31.
      5. 5. Optimus quisque = quivis bonus, omnes boni.
          1. (α) Referring to morality: esse aliquid naturā pulcrum quod optimus quisque sequeretur, every good man, Cic. Sen. 13, 43: qui ita se gerebant ut sua consilia optimo cuique probarent, optimates habebantur, id. Sest. 45, 96; id. Off. 1, 43, 154; id. Fin. 1, 7, 24; id. Sest. 54, 115; and = even the best: quare deus optimum quemque malā valetudine adficit? Sen. Prov. 4, 8.
          2. (β) Of the educated classes: adhibenda est quaedam reverentia adversus homines, et optimi cujusque et reliquorum, Cic. Off. 1, 28, 99; cf. id. ib. 1, 25, 85: Catilina plerisque consularibus, praeterea optumo cuique, litteras mittit, Sall. C. 34, 2: optimo cuique infesta libertas, Sen. Ot. Sap. 8, 2 (32 fin.).
          3. (γ) Honorable, brave: optumus quisque cadere et sauciari, ceteris metus augeri, Sall. J. 92, 8.
          4. (δ) In gen., excellent: optimus quisque facere quam dicere … malebat, Sall. C. 8, 5.
            (ε) Distributively: ita imperium semper ad optumum quemque a minus bono transfertur, to the best man in each instance, Sall. C. 2, 6.
            (ζ) Referring to another superlative ( = quo quisque melior eo magis, etc.): hic aditus laudis qui semper optimo cuique maxime patuit, Cic. Imp. Pomp. 1, 1; so id. Lael. 4, 14; id. Inv. 2, 11, 36; Sen. Vit. Beat. 18, 1.
            (η) Attributively, with a noun: optimam quamque causam, Cic. Sest. 43, 93: optima quaeque dies, Verg. G. 3, 66.

B. bŏnum, i, n., plur. bona; mĕlĭus, ōris, n.; optĭmum, i, n. (v. infra); of things in gen.

      1. 1. Bonum, or plur. bona, a good, or goods in a moral and metaphysical sense, a moral good, a blessing: sunt autem hae de finibus defensae sententiae: nihil bonum nisi honestum, ut Stoici; nihil bonum nisi voluptatem, ut Epicurus; nihil bonum nisi vacuitatem doloris, ut Hieronymus … tria genera bonorum, maxima animi, secunda corporis, externa tertia, ut Peripatetici, etc., Cic. Tusc. 5, 30, 84 sq.: quid est igitur bonum? Si quid recte fit et honeste et cum virtute, id bene fieri vere dicitur, et quod rectum et honestum et cum virtute est, id solum opinor bonum, id. Par. 1, 1, 9: ut quis intellegat, quid sit illud simplex et verum bonum quod non possit ab honestate sejungi, id. Ac. 1, 2, 7: non-est igitur voluptas bonum, id. Fin. 1, 11, 39: finis bonorum et malorum (τέλος ἀγαθῶν) = summa bona et mala: sunt nonnullae disciplinae quae, propositis bonorum et malorum finibus, officium omne pervertant. Nam qui summum bonum sic instituit ut, etc., id. Off. 1, 2, 5; cf. id. Par. 1, 3, 14; id. Ac. 2, 9, 29; 2, 36, 114; 2, 42, 129; id. Fin. 1, 9, 29; 1, 12, 42; id. Tusc. 4, 31, 66; Sen. Vit. Beat. 24, 5; id. Ep. 117, 1 et saep.
      2. 2. Bonum, what is valuable, beneficial, estimable, favorable, pleasant, physically or mentally: quoi boni Tantum adfero quantum ipsus a diis optat, Plaut. Capt. 4, 1, 9: multa bona vobis volt facere, will do you much good, id. Poen. 5, 4, 60; id. Am. prol. 43, 49; id. Pers. 4, 8, 4; 2, 3, 14; id. Cas. 2, 8, 32: tum demum nostra intellegemus bona quom ea amisimus, id. Capt. 1, 2, 33: multa tibi di dent bona, id. Poen. 1, 1, 80; cf. id. ib. 3, 3, 54; 3, 3, 74; id. Mil. 3, 1, 120; id. Men. 3, 3, 34; id. Pers. 4, 3, 23; id. Truc. 1, 2, 23; id. Merc. 1, 2, 40; id. Most. 1, 1, 47: omnia Bona dicere, to speak in the highest terms of one, Ter. And. 1, 1, 70: sed ne vivus quidem bono caret, si eo non indiget, Cic. Tusc. 1, 36, 88: cum quaecumque bona Peripateticis, eadem Stoicis commoda viderentur, id. ib. 5, 41, 120: nihil enim boni nosti, nothing that is good for any thing, id. Phil. 2, 7, 16: mala pro bonis legere dementia est, Sen. Vit. Beat. 6, 1; Val. Max. 5, 3, ext. 3 fin.; Hor. S. 1, 2, 73: quia bonum sit valere, a good thing, Cic. Fin. 4, 23, 62 (cf. III. A. 5. infra): melius: quo quidem haud scio an … quidquam melius sit homini a dis immortalibus datum, id. Lael. 6, 20: meliora … Aristotelem de istis rebus scripsisse, id. Or. 1, 10, 43: optimum: difficillimum est formam exponere optimi, id. ib. 11, 36.
        Here belongs the phrase boni consulere; v. consulo.
        So after prepositions: in bonum vertere, v. under verto: in melius ire, to change for the better, Tac. A. 12, 68.
        In the same sense: in melius aliquid referre, or reflectere (poet.), Verg. A. 1, 281; 11, 426; 10, 632: ad melius transcurrere, to pass over to something better, Hor. S. 2, 2, 82.
      3. 3. Bonum or bona, prosperity: fortiter malum qui patitur, idem post patitur bonum, Plaut. As. 2, 2, 58: nulli est homini perpetuum bonum, id. Curc. 1, 3, 33: unā tecum bona, mala tolerabimus, Ter. Phorm. 3, 3, 23: quibus in bonis fuerint et nunc quibus in malis sint, ostenditur ( = in secundis, in adversis rebus), Cic. Inv. 1, 55, 107.
      4. 4. Good qualities, gifts: omnia adsunt bona, quem penes’st virtus, Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 30: magnis illi et divinis bonis hanc licentiam adsequebantur, Cic. Off. 1, 41, 148: nisi qui se suā gravitate et castimoniā … tum etiam naturali quodam bono defenderet, etc., id. Cael. 5, 11: hunc meā sententiā divinis quibusdam bonis instructum atque ornatum puto, id. ib. 17, 39: non intellego quod bonum cuiquam sit apud tales viros profuturum, id. Balb. 28, 63: gaude isto tuo tam excellenti bono, id. Marcell. 6, 19; so id. Imp. Pomp. 16, 49.
      5. 5. Advantage, benefit: si plus adipiscare, re explicatā, boni, quam addubitatā mali, Cic. Off. 1, 24, 83: saepe cogitavi bonine an mali plus adtulerit … eloquentiae studium, id. Inv. 1, 1, 1; 2, 35, 106; id. Off. 2, 2, 5; id. Sest. 10, 24: maximum bonum in celeritate ponebat, Sall. C. 43, 4; so, bono publico (abl.), for the public good: hoc ita si fit, publico fiat bono, Plaut. Trin. 1, 2, 183; Liv. 2, 44, 3; Dig. 41, 3, 1.
      6. 6. With aequum, what is fair and good, the fair (thing), fairness, equity: si bonum aequomque oras, Plaut. Most. 3, 1, 149; so id. Pers. 3, 1, 71; id. Rud. 1, 2, 94; id. Men. 4, 2, 11: si tu aliquam partem aequi bonique dixeris, Ter. Phorm. 4, 3, 32; id. Heaut. 4, 1, 29; id. Ad. 1, 1, 39: a quo vivo nec praesens nec absens quidquam aequi bonique impetravit, Cic. Phil. 2, 37, 94.
        Hence, aequo et bono, or ex aequo et bono, in (with) fairness, in equity, Ter. Ad. 5, 9, 30; Auct. Her. 2, 10, 14; 2, 12, 18; 2, 13, 20; Gai. Inst. 3, 137: aequi bonique, as gen. of value, with facere: istuc, Chreme, Aequi bonique facio, I place a fair and proper value on it, Ter. Heaut. 4, 5, 40.
      7. 7. Bona, one’s property, fortunes, almost always denoting the whole of one’s possessions.
        1. a. In gen.: paterna oportet reddi filio bona, Plaut. Poen. 5, 2, 120: bona sua med habiturum omnia, id. Truc. 2, 4, 49; cf. id. ib. 2, 7, 6; 4, 2, 29; id. Rud. 2, 6, 22; id. Most. 1, 3, 77; id. Trin. 4, 4, 3; Ter. Eun. 2, 2, 4: bona mea diripiebantur atque ad consulem deferebantur, Cic. Sest. 24, 54: cum de capite, civis et de bonis proscriptio ferretur, id. ib. 30, 65: bona, fortunas, possessiones omnium, id. Caecin. 13, 38: at mulctantur bonis exsules, id. Tusc. 5, 37, 106; id. Off. 2, 23, 81; id. Par. 1, 1, 7; id. Sest. 19, 42; 43, 94; 52, 111; id. Phil. 2, 26, 64; Caes. B. G. 7, 3; Liv. 2, 3, 5; 2, 5, 5; 4, 15, 8; Tac. A. 2, 48; Quint. 6, 1, 19 et saep.
        2. b. Bonorum possessio, the possession of one’s property by another.
          1. (α) Bonorum possessio in consequence of bonorum cessio, i. e. an assignment of one’s property for the benefit of creditors, Dig. 42, tit. 3.
          2. (β) Bonorum possessio granted by the prætor against a contumacious or insolvent debtor (in bona mittere, in bona ire jubere, bona possidere jubere, etc.); cf. Dig. 42, tit. 4: postulat a Burrieno Naevius ut ex edicto bona possidere liceat, Cic. Quint. 6, 25, and the whole of c. 8: edixit … neu quis militis … bona possideret aut venderet, Liv. 2, 24, 6: bona proscribere, to offer the property thus transferred for sale, Cic. Quint. 6, 25.
          3. (γ) Chiefly referring to the property of a defunct person (hereditas), where the prætor, till the heir had proved his right, granted a bonorum possessio secundum tabulas or contra tabulas, Dig. 37, tit. 4; 37, tit. 11.
        3. c. In bonis esse; with reference to the older civil law, which distinguished between civil property (habere rem ex jure Quiritium) and natural property (rem in bonis habere, res in bonis est), Gai. Inst. 2, 40, 41; Dig. 40, 12, 38, § 2; 37, 6, 2, § 1; 37, 6, 3, § 2; ib. Fragm. 1, 16; Gai. Inst. 1, 22; 1, 35; 1, 222; 1, 167; Dig. 1, 8, 1; 27, 10, 10: neque bonorum possessorum, neque … res pleno jure fiunt, sed in bonis efficiuntur, ib. Fragm. 3, 80.
          Hence, nullam omnino arbitrabamur de eā hereditate controversiam eum habiturum, et est hodie in bonis, i. e. the bonorum possessio has been granted to him, which did not give full ownership, but effected only that the hereditas was in bonis. Cic. Fam. 13, 30, 1.
  1. III. Predicative use.
    1. A. With nouns or pronouns as subjects.
      1. 1. Bonum esse, to be morally good, honest: nunc mihi bonae necessum est esse ingratiis, Quamquam esse nolo, Plaut. Cist. 2, 3, 82: bonam ego quam beatam me esse nimio dici mavolo, id. Poen. 1, 2, 93; so id. Capt. 2, 1, 44; id. Men. 4, 2, 6; id. Rud. prol. 29: itaque viros fortes magnanimos eosdem, bonos et simplices … esse volumus, Cic. Off. 1, 19, 63; cf. id. ib. 3, 21, 84; id. Att. 15, 6, 1: Cato esse quam videri bonus malebat, Sall. C. 54, 5: ut politiora, non ut meliora fiant ingenia, Val. Max. 5, 4, ext. 5 fin.
      2. 2. To be beneficial, prosperous, advantageous, valuable, favorable, serviceable, correct, with reference to both persons and things as subjects, and in regard to physical and mental relations: jam istuc non bonumst, Plaut. Merc. 2, 2, 29; Cato, R. R. 157: oleum viridius et melius fiet, id. ib. 3: vinum ut alvum bonam faciat, to correct the bowels, id. ib. 156: quid est homini salute melius? Plaut. As. 3, 3, 127: non optuma haec sunt, verum meliora quam deterruma, id. Trin. 2, 3, 1: quid est quod huc possit quod melius sit accedere? Cic. Fin. 1, 12, 41; 1, 18, 57; id. Tusc. 1, 41, 99: in quo (vestitu), sicut in plerisque rebus, mediocritas optima est, id. Off. 1, 36, 130; 2, 17, 59; id. Inv. 1, 31, 51; id. Or. 2, 6; 11, 36: meliorem tamen militem … in futura proelia id certamen fecit, Liv. 2, 51, 3: parvus ut est cygni melior canor, ille gruum quam Clamor, Lucr. 4, 181; 4, 191: si meliora dies, ut vina, poemata reddit, Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 34.
        So in the optative formula: quod bonum, faustum, felixque sit, Liv. 1, 28, 7; 1, 17, 10; 39, 15, 1; 3, 54; 3, 34.
        Also, quod bonum atque fortunatum mihi sit, Plaut. Cas. 2, 6, 50; and with a noun as subject: ut nobis haec habitatio Bona, fausta, felix, fortunataque evenat, Plaut. Trin. 1, 2, 3.
      3. 3. To be kind: bonus cum probis’st (erus), malus cum malis, Plaut. Most. 4, 1, 22: hic si vellet bonus ac benignus Esse, Hor. S. 1, 2, 52.
      4. 4. With reference to the gods: ecastor ambae (Fortuna et Salus sunt bonae, Plaut. As. 3, 3, 129: Palladis aut oculos ausa negare bonos (esse), Prop. 3, 24, 12 (2, 28, 12).
    2. B. Impers.
      1. 1. Bonum est (very rare for the class. bene est; v. bene).
          1. (α) Without a subject: bonum sit! may it be fortunate, favorable! Verg. E. 8, 106.
          2. (β) With subject inf.: nam et stulte facere, et stulte fabularier in aetate haud bonum est, Plaut. Trin. 2, 4, 61: bonum est pauxillum amare, insane non bonum est, id. Curc. 1, 3,20.
      2. 2. Melius est.
          1. (α) With subject inf.: melius sanam est mentem sumere, Plaut. Men. 5, 2, 51: nihil sentire est melius quam tam prava sentire, Cic. Ac. 2, 40, 125; cf. id. Fin. 1, 19, 62; id. Off. 1, 43, 156; so, melius fuit, fuisset, or fuerat, it would have been better, id. N. D. 3, 33; id. Sen. 23, 82; id. Off. 3, 25, 94: proinde quiesse erit melius, Liv. 3, 48, 3; 3, 41, 3; Verg. A. 11, 303.
          2. (β) With subject inf.-clause: meliu’st te quae sunt mandata tibi praevortier, Plaut. Merc. 2, 3, 125; id. Men. 5, 9, 32.
          3. (γ) With ut-clause: quid melius quam ut hinc intro abeam et me suspendam clanculum, Plaut. Rud. 4, 4, 145; so id. Ps. 4, 7, 18.
          4. (δ) With subjectclause in the subjunctive: nunc quid mihi meliu’st quam ilico hic opperiar erum, Plaut. Rud. 2, 2, 22.
      3. 3. Optimum est.
          1. (α) With subject inf.: optimum visum est, captivos quam primum deportare, Liv. 23, 34, 8: si quis dicit optimum esse navigare, Sen. Ot. Sap. 8, 4 (32 fin.); so, optimum fuit, it would have been better, and optimum erat, it would be better, Quint. 6, prooem. 3; 11, 2, 33; Hor. S. 2, 1, 7.
          2. (β) With inf.-clause: constituerunt optimum esse, domum suam quemque reverti, Caes. B. G. 2, 10: optimum visum est, in fluctuantem aciem tradi equos, etc., Liv 6, 24, 10; 22, 27, 6.
          3. (γ) With ut and subj: hoc vero optimum, ut is qui, etc., id ultimum bonorum, id ipsum quid et quale sit nesciat, Cic. Fin. 2, 3, 6.
          4. (δ) With quod: illa vero optima (sunt) quod cum Haluntium venisset Archagathum vocari jussit, Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 23, § 51: optimum vero (est) quod dictaturae nomen in perpetuum de re publica sustulisti, id. Phil. 2, 36, 91.
            (ε) With second sup., in the phrase optumum factu est (where factu is redundant): sed hoc mihi optumum factu arbitror, Plaut. Stich. 1, 2, 16: optimum factu esse duxerant frumento … nostros prohibere, Caes. B. G. 4, 30: optumum factu credens exercitum augere, Sall. C. 32, 1 (Kritz, factum); 57, 5 (Kritz, factum).
  2. IV. Ellipt. use: di meliora, i. e. dent or velint, i. e. let the gods grant better things than what you say, etc.; God forbid! in full: di melius duint, Ter. Phorm. 5, 9, 16: di meliora velint! Ov. M. 7, 37.
    Ellipt.: di meliora! inquit, Cic. Sen. 14, 47: id ubi mulier audivit, perturbata, dii meliora inquit, etc., Liv. 39, 10, 2; 9, 9, 6; Verg. G. 3, 513; similarly, di melius, i. e. fecerunt, Val. Max. 6, 1, ext. 3.
  3. V. With object expressed,
      1. 1. By dat.
          1. (α) = good, useful, beneficial for: ambula, id lieni optumum est, Plaut. Curc. 2, 1, 25: quia vobis eadem quae mihi bona malaque esse intellexi, Sall. C. 20, 3: bona bello Cornus, jaculis, etc., Verg. G. 2, 447.
          2. (β) = benignus or propitius, kind to: vicinis bonus esto, Cato, R. R. 4: bene merenti mala es, male merenti bona es, Plaut. As. 1, 2, 3: vos o mihi Manes, Este boni, Verg. A. 12, 647.
          3. (γ) = idoneus, fit for, adapted to: qui locus vino optimus dicetur esse, Cato, R. R. 6: tum erit ei rei optumum tempus, id. ib. 26: terra cui putre solum, Optima frumentis, Verg. G. 2, 205; 2, 319; 1, 286.
          4. (δ) With sum and dat., in the phrase alicui bono est, it is of service to one, profits him: accusant in quibus occidi patrem Sex. Roscii bono fuit, Cic. Rosc. Am. 5, 13: bono fuisse Romanis adventum eorum constabat, Liv. 7, 12, 4.
            Hence, with rel. dat.: cui bono (est), for whose advantage it is: quod si quis usurpet illud Cassianum cui bono fuerit, etc., Cic. Phil. 2, 14, 35: cui bono fuisset, id. Rosc. Am. 30, 84; id. Mil. 12, 32 Ascon. ad loc.; cf. ellipt. form cui bono? Prisc. p. 1208 P.
            (ε) With dat. gerund: ager oleto conserundo qui in Favonium spectavit, aliis bonus nullus erit, Cato, R. R. 6; Varr. R. R. 1, 24: (mons) quia pecori bonus alendo erat, Liv. 29, 31; 9, 10.
      2. 2. By ad and acc.: refert et ad quam rem bona aut non bona sit, Varr. R. R. 1, 91: occasio quaeritur idoneane fuerit ad rem adoriendam, an alia melior, Auct. Her. 2, 4, 7: non campos modo militi Romano ad proelium bonos, etc., Tac. A. 2, 14.

2. Castor, ŏris (acc. to some gramm. Castōris, Quint. 1, 5, 60), m., = Κάστωρ.

  1. I. The son of the Spartan king Tyndarus and Leda, brother of Helena and Pollux, with whom, as twin star (Gemini; hence even Castores, Plin. 10, 43, 60, § 121; 35, 4, 10, § 27; 7, 22, 22, § 86; and: alter Castor, Stat. S. 4, 6, 16), he served as a guide to mariners, Varr. L. L. 5, § 58; Cic. N. D. 2, 2, 6; 3, 18, 45; Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 5; id. Epod. 17, 42; 17, 43; id. C. 4, 5, 35: gaudet equis, id. S. 2, 1, 26; cf. id. C. 1, 12, 25, and Ov. M. 12, 401: ad Castoris (sc. aedem), on the forum, Cic. Mil. 33, 91; where pecuniary affairs were transacted, id. Quint. 4, 17; cf. Juv. 14, 260.
  2. II. Derivv.
    1. A. In oaths: ecastor and mecastor [the old interj. e or the pron. acc. me, prefixed; cf.: equidem, edepol; mehercle, medius fiduis, etc., v. Corss. Ausspr. II. p. 856 sq.], by Castor, an oath in very frequent use, especially by women, though not exclusively by them, as asserted by Gell. 11, 6, 1, and Charis. p. 183 P.; cf. Plaut. As. 5, 2, 46; 5, 2, 80; id. Cas. 5, 4, 13: ecastor, re experior, quanti facias uxorem tuam, id. Am. 1, 3, 10; 1, 3, 39; id. Cist. 4, 2, 61; id. Truc. 2, 5, 28; id. Poen. 1, 2, 71; id. Stich. 1, 3, 89; id. As. 1, 3, 36; id. Truc. 2, 2, 60; id. As. 3, 1, 30; id. Stich. 1, 3, 81: ecastor vero, id. Merc. 4, 1, 25: per ecastor scitus (i. e. perscitus ecastor) puer est natus Pamphilo, Ter. And. 3, 2, 6: nec nunc mecastor quid hero ego dicam queo comminisci, Plaut. Aul, 1, 1, 28; cf. id. Merc. 4, 1, 6; id. Cas. 2, 3, 30; id. Men. 4, 2, 50; id. Mil. 1, 1, 63; cf. also id. Stich. 1, 3, 86; id. Truc. 2, 2, 36; 2, 7, 30; 3, 2, 11; 4, 4, 9; 5, 1, 26: Sy. Salve, mecastor, Parmenio. Pa. Et tu, edepol, Syra, Ter. Hec. 1, 2, 8 Don.
    2. B. Ad Castŏris or Lŏcus Ca-stŏrum, nom. propr., a place in Upper Italy, between Cremona and Bedriacum, where stood a shrine of Castor and Pollux, Suet. Oth. 9; Tac. H. 2, 24.
    3. C. Castŏrĕus, a, um, adj. of Castor: manus, Sen. Hippol. 810.
  3. III. A companion of Æneas, Verg. A. 10, 124.
  4. IV. The grandson of king Deiotarus, Cic. Deiot. 1, 2, 10; 1, 2, 28 sq.
  5. V. Castor Tarcondarius, a chieftain of Gallogrœcia, ally of Pompey, Caes. B. C. 3, 4.
  6. VI. Antonius Castor, an author on botany, Plin. 25, 17, 66, § 174; 25, 2, 5, § 9.

Graeci, ōrum, m., = Γραικοί,

  1. I. the Grecians, Greeks: contendunt Graecos, Graios memorare solent sos, Enn. ap. Fest. p. 301 Müll. (Ann. v. 358 Vahl.): eos septem, quos Graeci sapientes nominaverunt, Cic. Rep. 1, 7: apud Graecos, id. ib. 1, 3, 5; id. Fl. 27, 64: quia Graecorum sunt antiquissima quaeque Scripta vel optima, etc., Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 28.
    Sing.: Graecus, i, m., a Greek: processit ille, et Graecus apud Graecos non de culpa sua dixit, etc., Cic. Fl. 7, 17: ignobilis, Liv. 39, 8, 3: Graecus Graecaque, Plin. 28, 2, 3, § 12.
  2. II. Derivv.
    1. A. Grae-cus, a, um, adj., of or belonging to the Greeks, Greek, Grecian: plus te operae Graecis dedisse rebus video … deinde nullam Graecarum rerum significationem daret, Cic. de Or. 2, 36, 152 sq.; cf. litterae, id. Brut. 20, 78.
      In neutr. absol.: Graeca leguntur in omnibus fere gentibus, Cic. Arch. 10, 23: lingua (opp. Latina), id. Fin. 1, 3, 10: ludi, founded on Greek subjects, id. Fam. 7, 1, 3 (opp. Osci); id. Att. 16, 5, 1: homines, Grecian people, Greeks, id. Mil. 29, 80; id. Tusc. 2, 27, 65: testis, id. Fl. 5, 11: more bibere, i. e. to drink healths, id. Verr. 2, 1, 26, § 66: Graeca fide mercari, i. e. without credit, with ready money, Plaut. As. 1, 3, 47: nux, i. e. an almond, Cloat. ap. Macr. S. 2, 44: pantherae, from Asiatic Greece, Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 6, 5: rosa, a kind of rose, Plin. 21, 4, 10, § 18: ovis, perh. Tarentine, Plaut. Merc. 3, 1, 27: via, perh. to Magna Graecia, Cic. Fam. 7, 1, 3.
      Prov.: ad Calendas Graecas, i. q. our next day after never (since the Greeks had no Calends), August. ap. Suet. Aug. 87.
      Hence, subst.: Graecum, i, n., the Greek language, Greek (rare): Graeco melius usuri, Quint. 5, 10, 1: librum e Graeco in Latinum convertere, Cic. Off. 2, 24, 87.
      Adv. in two forms,
      1. 1. Graece, in the Greek language, in Greek: cum ea, quae legeram Graece, Latine redderem, Cic. de Or. 1, 34, 155: Acilius qui Graece scripsit historiam, id. Off. 2, 32, 115: loqui, id. Tusc. 1, 8, 15: optime scire, id. de Or. 2, 66, 265; cf. nescire, id. Fl. 4, 10: licet legatum Graece scriptum non valeat, Ulp. Fragm. 25, 9: omnia Graece, Juv. 6, 188.
      2. 2. Graecātim, in the Greek manner: amiciri, Tert. Pall. 4.
    2. B. Graecĭa, ae, f., the country of the Greeks, Greece: ad Trojam cum misi ob defendendam Graeciam, Enn. ap. Cic. Tusc. 3, 13, 28 (Trag. v. 362 Vahl.): quod de Corintho dixi, id haud scio an liceat de cuncta Graecia verissime dicere, Cic. Rep. 2, 4, 8; id. Tusc. 2, 15, 36: Graecia capta ferum victorem cepit, Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 156: magna, Ov. H. 16, 340.
      In apposition: terra, Gell. 1, 1, 2; M. Aur. ap. Fronto Ep. 2, 9 Mai.
      1. 2. Transf.: Magna Graecia, Lower Italy, inhabited by Greeks, Plin. 3, 10, 15, § 95; 3, 5, 6, § 42; Cic. de Or. 2, 37, 154; 3, 34, 139; id. Lael. 4, 13; id. Tusc. 1, 16, 38; called also Mājor Graecia, Liv. 31, 7, 11; Sen. Cons. ad Helv. 6 med.; Sil. 11, 21; whereas by a Greek proper it is called Parva Graecia, Plaut. Truc. 2, 6, 55; and absol.: Graecia, Cic. Arch. 5, 10.
        Poet.: Major Graecia, in gen., for Italy: Itala nam tellus Graecia major erat, Ov. F. 4, 64.
    3. C. Grae-cānĭcus, a, um, adj., of Greek origin, in the Greek manner or fashion, Grecian, Greek (rare; not in Cic.): alia (verba) Graeca, alia Graecanica, i. e. words borrowed from the Greeks, Varr. L. L. 10, § 70 Müll.: torcula, Plin. 18, 31, 74, § 317: pavimentum, id. 36, 25, 63, § 188: color, id. 34, 9, 20, § 98: toga, i. e. pallium, Suet. Dom. 4: milites, living in the Greek manner, voluptuously, Vulc. Avid. Cass. 5.
      Hence, adv.: Graē-cānĭce, in Greek: dicere, Varr. L. L. 9, § 89 Müll.
    4. D. Graecŭlus, a, um, adj. dim., Grecian, Greek (mostly in a depreciating, contemptuous sense): ineptum sane negotium et Graeculum, thorough Greek, Cic. Tusc. 1, 35, 86: motus quidam temerarius Graeculae contionis, id. Fl. 10, 23: cautio chirographi, i. e. not to be relied upon, id. Fam. 7, 18, 1: homines, id. de Or. 1, 11, 47: ferrum, Flor. 2, 7, 9: civitas Massilia, id. 4, 2, 24 Duk.
      Subst.:
      1. 1. Graecŭlus, i, m.
          1. (α) A paltry Greek, Cic. de Or. 1, 22, 102; id. Pis. 29, 70.
            Prov.: Graeculus esuriens in caelum, jusseris, ibit, Juv. 3, 78.
            In the form Graecŭlĭo, Petr. 76 fin.
          2. (β) Post-Aug., without any odious accessory notion, for Graecus: vitis, Col. 3, 2, 24: mala, Plin. 15, 14, 15, § 50: rosa, id. 21, 4, 10, § 18.
      2. 2. Graecŭla, ae, f., a Greekling, a weak imitator of Greek women, Juv. 6, 186.
    5. E. Graecĭen-sis, e, adj., Grecian (post-Aug. and very rare): mare, Plin. 4, 21, 18, § 51: scimpodium, Gell. 19, 10, 1.
  3. F. Graecālis, e, adj., Grecian, Greek (late Lat.): lapides, inscribed with Greek letters, Front. de Col. p. 116 Goes.

Hercŭles, is and i (the latter in Cic. Ac. 2, 34, 108 Goer.; cf. Plin. ap. Charis. p. 107 P.:

  1. I. Herculei, Cat. 55, 13), m., = Ἡρακλῆς, Etrusc. HERCLE (whence, by the insertion of a connecting vowel, the Latin form arose; cf. Alcumena for Ἀλκμήνη; v. also under B. the voc. hercle), son of Jupiter and Alcmena, husband of Dejanira, and, after his deification, of Hebe, the god of strength, and the guardian of riches, to whom, therefore, tithes were offered; he was also the guide of the Muses (Musagetes); the poplar was sacred to him, Cic. N. D. 3, 16, 42; Varr. ap. Serv. Verg. A. 8, 564; Varr. L. L. 6, § 54 Müll.; Plaut. Stich. 1, 3, 80; 2, 2, 62; Ov. M. 8, 364; 9, 13 sq.; Hor. C. 3, 14, 1; 4, 5, 36; Suet. Aug. 29; cf. with Ov. F. 6, 797 sq.: neque Herculi quisquam decumam vovit umquam, si sapiens factus esset, Cic. N. D. 3, 36, 88: superavit aerumnis suis aerumnas Herculis, Plaut. Pers. 1, 1, 2: Herculis Columnae, the Pillars of Hercules, i. e. the promontories between which is the Strait of Gibraltar, Plin. 2, 67, 67, § 167; Curt. 10, 1, 8 et saep.
    In gen. plur.: et Herculum et Mercuriorum disciplinae, Tert. Spect. 11 fin.
    Prov.: Herculi quaestum conterere, i. e. to squander everything (even the tithes of Hercules), Plaut. Most. 4, 2, 68: personam Herculis et cothurnos aptare infantibus, Quint. 6, 1, 36.
    1. B. Transf., analog. with the Greek Ἡράκλεις and Ἧρακλες, in voc. hercŭles, and more freq. hercŭle or hercle; also with a prefixed me: mĕ-hercŭles, mehercŭle (also separately: me hercule), and mĕhercle, as an oath or asseveration, by Hercules!
          1. (α) Hercules and mehercules: et, hercules, hae quidem exstant, Cic. Brut. 16, 61; cf. Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 4, 1; Poll. ib. 10, 33, 7: licet, hercules, undique omnes in me terrores impendeant, Cic. Rosc. Am. 11, 31; Vell. 2, 52, 2: neque, mehercules, hoc indigne fero, Cic. Rosc. Am. 48, 141: cui, mehercules, hic multum tribuit, id. Fam. 6, 5, 3; Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 18, 3: at, mehercules, narrabit quod quis voluerit, Phaedr. 3, 17, 8.
          2. (β) Hercule and mehercule, by Hercules! (in class. prose most freq.; cf. also: impetratum est a consuetudine, ut peccare suavitatis causa liceret: et pomeridianas quadrigas quam postmeridianas libentius dixerim, et mehercule quam mehercules, Cic. Or. 47, 157): et hercule ita fecit, id. Lael. 11, 37: et hercule, id. Fam. 2, 18, 2; Quint. 2, 5, 4; 2, 16, 12; 10, 2, 3; 12, 6, 4 al.: ac me quidem, ut hercule etiam te ipsum, Laeli, cognitio ipsa rerum delectat, Cic. Rep. 1, 13: non hercule, Scipio, dubito quin, etc., id. ib. 1, 23; id. Quint. 3, 13; id. Att. 2, 7, 3: sed hercule facile patior datum tempus, in quo, etc., id. ib. 16, 16, C, 10; Quint. 1, 4, 7; 12, 1, 7: atqui nactus es, sed me hercule otiosiorem opera quam animo, Cic. Rep. 1, 9: dicam me hercule, id. ib. 1, 19: non me hercule, inquit, id. ib. 1, 38: non mehercule, Quint. 6, 1, 43; 6, 3, 74: cognoscere me hercule, inquit, etc., Cic. Rep. 1, 48 Mai. N. cr.: ita mehercule attendi, nec satis intellexi, etc., id. Leg. 3, 14, 33 Mos. N. cr.; id. Verr. 2, 3, 62, § 144: vere mehercule hoc dicam, id. Planc. 26, 64: et mehercule ego antea mirari solebam, etc., id. Verr. 2, 4, 14, § 33; id. Att. 5, 16, 3: mihi mehercule magnae curae est aedilitas tua, id. Fam. 2, 11, 2: servi mehercule mei, si me isto pacto metuerent, etc., id. Cat. 1, 7, 17.
          3. (γ) Hercle and mehercle (the former esp. freq. in Plaut. and Ter.; the latter very rare): malo hercle magno suo convivat, Enn. ap. Non. 474, 22 (Sat. v. 1 Vahl.): obsecro hercle, quantus et quam validus est, Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 143; id. ib. 173: tanto hercle melior, id. Bacch. 2, 2, 33: mihi quidem hercle non fit verisimile, Ter. And. 1, 3, 20: nescio hercle, id. Eun. 2, 3, 13; id. Phorm. 1, 2, 87: perii hercle, id. Eun. 5, 2, 66; 5, 6, 14; id. Heaut. 4, 4, 14: non hercle, id. Phorm. 5, 7, 76: per hercle rem mirandam (i. e. permirandam) Aristoteles dicit, Gell. 3, 6, 1.
            With intensive particles: heu hercle, Plaut. Rud. 3, 5, 41: scite hercle sane, id. Trin. 3, 3, 53; cf.: sane quidem hercle, Cic. Leg. 2, 4, 8: minime, minime hercle vero! Plaut. Trin. 3, 3, 23; cf.: minime hercle, Cic. Lael. 9, 30: haudquaquam hercle, Crasse, mirandum est, etc., id. de Or. 3, 22, 82: pulchre mehercle dictum et sapienter, Ter. Eun. 3, 1, 26; 1, 1, 22.
  2. II. Derivv.
    1. A. Hercŭlĕus, a, um, adj., of or belonging to Hercules, Herculean: domiti Herculea manu Telluris juvenes, Hor. C. 2, 12, 6: labor, id. ib. 1, 3, 36: coronae arbos, i. e. the poplar, Verg. G. 2, 66; cf.: umbra populi, id. A. 8, 276: leo, the lion’s skin worn by Hercules, Val. Fl. 1, 263: Oete, on which Hercules burned himself, Luc. 3, 178: hospes, i. e. Croto, by whom Hercules was hospitably entertained, Ov. M. 15, 8: ternox, in which Hercules was begotten, Stat. Th. 12, 301: hostis, i. e. Telephus, son of Hercules, Ov. R. Am. 47: gens, i. e. the family of the Fabians sprung from Hercules, id. F. 2, 237; so, penates, Sil. 7, 44: sacrum, instituted by Evander in honor of Hercules, Verg. A. 8, 270: Trachin, built by Hercules, Ov. M. 11, 627: urbs, the city of Herculaneum, built by Hercules, id. ib. 15, 711.
      Hence also: litora, near Herculaneum, Prop. 1, 11, 2: Tibur, i. e. where Hercules was worshipped, Mart. 1, 13, 1; 4, 62: astrum, i. e. the constellation of the Lion, id. 8, 55, 15: fretum, i. e. the Pillars of Hercules, (Strait of Gibraltar), Sil. 1, 199; also: metae, Luc. 3, 278.
    2. B. Hercŭlā-nĕus, a, um, adj., the same: pars, i. e. the tithes (dedicated to Hercules), the tenth part, Plaut. Truc. 2, 7, 11.
      Also to denote things large of their kind: formicae, Plin. 30. 4, 10, § 29: urtica, id. 21, 15, 55, § 92: nodus, Sen. Ep. 87, 33: nymphaea, App. Herb. 67: sideritis, id. ib. 72: machaera, Capitol. Pertin. 8.
    3. C. Hercŭlānus, a, um, adj., the same: pes, i. e. long, large (cf. in the preced.), Gell. 1, 1, 3.
    4. D. Acc. to the Gr. form Hēraclēus or Hēra-clĭus, a, um, adj., = Ἡράκλειος or Ἡράκλιος, the same: fabulae, Juv. 1, 52 (al. acc. to the MSS. Herculeias).
    5. E. Hēraclī-des, ae, m., = Ἡρακλείδης, a male descendant of Hercules, Heraclid: exclusi ab Heraclīdis Orestis liberi, Vell. 1, 2 fin.
  3. F. Hercŭlĭus, i, m., a surname of the emperor Maximinianus, and hence, Her-cŭlĭāni, ōrum, m., his guards, Amm. 22, 3, 2; 25, 6, 2.

M, m, the twelfth letter of the Latin alphabet (J not being distinguished from I in the class. period), corresponds in form and sound to the Greek M; the Latin language, however, does not combine an initial m with n, as in the Greek μνᾶ, μνῆμα, μνίον, μνόος, etc.; hence, the Greek μνᾶ became Latin mĭna. The Latin language, unlike the Greek, tolerated a final m; but its sound was obscure, Prisc. p. 555 P. (cf. Quint. 12, 10, 31), and before an initial vowel, even in prose, was scarcely heard (hence Verrius Flaccus proposed to represent it by an M half obliterated, thus, N). In poetry, the vowel also immediately preceding the m was elided, Quint. 9, 4, 40; 11, 3, 34; 109; Diom. p. 488 P.; Prisc. p. 555 sq. ib.; Val. Prob. 1392; 1440 ib. To this rejection of the m at the end of words before vowels are owing the forms attinge, dice, ostende, facie, recipie, for attingam, dicam, ostendam, faciam, recipiam; v. the letter E; and the forms donec for donicum, coëo, coërceo for com-eo, com-erceo; circueo, circuitus, for circum-eo, circum-itus; veneo for venum eo; vendo for venum do; animadverto for animum adverto, etc.
M is substituted for p or b before a nasal suffix, as som-nus, cf. sopor, sopio; scamnum, cf. scabellum; Samnium for Sabinium; summus, cf. sub, super. Often also for n before a labial, as impello for inpello; cf. rumpo, root rup-; lambo, root lab-, with fundo, root fud-, etc.
M corresponds with the m of all Indo-European tongues, like Gr. μ; cf. simul, ἅμα; me, με; mel, μέλι; magnus, μέγας; but in inflections final m corresponds with Gr. ν, as navem, ναῦν; musarum, μουσῶν; sim, εἴην, etc.
M is interchanged most freq. with n; so eundem, eandem, quendam, quorundam, tantundem, from eum, eam, quem, quorum, tantum; and, on the other hand, im is written for in before labials and m: imbellis, imbibo, imbuo; impar, impedio, imprimo, immanis, immergo, immuto, etc. Thus also m regularly stands for the final ν of neuters borrowed from the Greek. A collat. form of Nilus, Melo, for Νεῖλος, is mentioned in Paul. ex Fest. p. 7; 18 and 129 Müll.
The Latin m also interchanges with Gr. β: mel-ior, βελ-τίων; mortuus (Sanscr. mrita), βροτός (v. for full details, Corss. Ausspr. 1, pp. 263 sqq.).As an abbreviation, M. denotes most freq. the prænomen Marcus, and less freq. magister, monumentum, municipium; v. the Index Notar. in Inscr. Orell. 2, p. 464 sq. M’ denotes the prænomen Manius.As a numeral, M, standing for CIC, denotes the number 1000.

1. Macae, ārum, m., a people in the north-eastern part of Arabia Felix, Prisc. Peri. 887.

2. Macae, ārum, m., = οἱ Μάκαι (Herod. 4, 175), a people of Africa in the regio Syrtica, Mela, 3, 8, 6; Plin. 5, 5, 5, § 34; Sil. 3, 275; 15, 670.
Sing.: Maces, Sil. 9, 222.
Acc. Macen, Sil. 2, 60.

† macaerinthē, ēs, f. [μάκαιρα], another name for rosmarinus: rosmarinum prophetae macaerinthen, Latini salutarem, App. Herb. 79.

Măcăreus (trisyl.), ĕi and ĕos, m., = Μακαρεύς.

  1. I. A son of Æolus, who lived in incest with his sister Canace, Ov. H. 11, 21; id. Ib. 564; Hyg. Fab. 242.
    Hence,
    1. B. Măcărēïs, ĭdis, f., = Μακαρηΐς, daughter of Macareus, Isse; acc. Græc., Macarēïda, Ov. M. 6, 124.
  2. II. A companion of Ulysses before Troy, and afterwards of Æneas in Italy, Ov. M. 14, 159; 441.
    In voc. Græc., Macareu, Ov. M. 14, 318.
  3. III. A Centaur, Ov. M. 12, 452.

† măcărĭŏtēs, ētis, f., = μακαριότης (happiness), one of the æons of Valentinus, Tert. adv. Val. 8.

Macātus, i, m., a Roman surname: M. Livius Macatus, Liv. 27, 34.

maccis, ĭdis, f., a fictitious spice, Plaut. Ps. 3, 2, 43 (al. macis).

Maccius, a, name of a Roman gens.
Hence, T. Maccius Plautus, the celebrated Roman comic poet; v. Plautus.

maccus, i, m. [cf. Sanscr. mūkas, dumb; Gr. μῶκος, mockery; also Μῶμος],

  1. I. a buffoon, punchinello, macaroni, in the Atellane plays: in Atellana Oscae personae inducuntur, ut maccus, Diom. p. 488 P.; cf. Inscr. Orell. 2621.
  2. II. Transf., a simpleton, blockhead: macci et buccones, App. Mag. p. 325, 30.

Măcĕdae, v. Macetae.

1. Măcĕdo, ŏnis, v. Macedones.

2. Măcĕdo, ŏnis, m.,

  1. I. the name of a usurer, Dig. 14, 6, 1 init.
    Hence, Măcĕ-dŏnĭānus, a, um, adj., relating to the usurer Macedo: senatusconsultum, a decree forbidding usurers to recover loans from heirs after they inherited their estates, Dig. 14, 6, 1.
  2. II. Also the name of a phitosopher, a friend of Gellius, Gell. 13, 8, 4.

Măcĕdŏnes, um

    (
  1. I. Gr. acc. Macedonas, Auct. Her. 4, 32, 43; Liv. 26, 24, 5 et saep.; Sen. Ben. 5, 6, 1; Flor. 2, 8, 5; v. Neue, Formenl. 1, 328), m., = Μακεδόνες, the Macedonians, Mel. 2, 3, 1; Cic. Off. 2, 22, 76; Auct. Her. 4, 25, 34; 32; Liv. 7, 26; 30, 33 sq. et saep.
    Hyrcani Macedones, v. Hyrcani.
    In sing.: Măcĕdo (Macedon, Luc. 8, 694), ŏnis, m., a Macedonian: quid Macedo Alexander? i. e. Alexander the Great, Cic. Phil. 5, 17, 48; so Luc. 8, 694: diffidit urbium Portas vir Macedo, i. e. Philip of Macedon, Hor. C. 3, 16, 14: hostis, Liv. 9, 19, 14.
    1. B. Transf.: Macedonum robur, a body of men armed in the Macedonian manner in the army of Antiochus, Liv. 36, 18, 2; 4 and 5.
      Hence,
  2. II.
    1. A. Măcĕdŏnĭa, ae, f., = Μακεδονία, Macedonia, Macedon, a country between Thessaly and Thrace, Mel. 1, 3, 4; 2, 3, 4; Plin. 4, 10, 17, § 33; Cic. Leg. Agr. 1, 2, 5; Liv. 9, 18; 27, 33; Vell. 1, 6, 5 et saep.
    2. B. Măcĕdŏnĭcus, a, um, adj., of or belonging to Macedonia, Macedonic, Macedonian: miles, Plaut. Rud. 1, 1, 49: mare, Plin. 4, 11, 18, § 51: legiones, Cic. Fam. 12, 23, 2: legio, Tac. H. 3, 22: cerasa, Plin. 15, 25, 30, § 104.
      Subst.: Măcĕdŏnĭcus, i, m., a surname of Q. Cæcilius Metellus, who made Macedonia a Roman province, Vell. 1, 11; Plin. 7, 44, 45, § 144; Val. Max. 4, 1, 12.
    3. C. Măcĕdŏ-nĭensis, e, adj., Macedonian (ante-class.): vir, Plaut. Ps. 4, 4, 4.
    4. D. Măcē̆dŏnĭus, a, um, adj., = Μακεδόνιος, Macedonian: Macedonia sarissa (with sec. syl. long, acc. to the Gr. Μακηδόνιος), Ov. M. 12, 466: militi Macedonio, Plaut. Ps. 1, 3, 112: colonia, Just. 11, 11 fin.

Măcĕdŏnĭānus, a, um, v. 2. Macedo, I.

Macella, ae, f., = Μάκελλα, a town in Sicily, on the Crimisus, Liv. 26, 21.

măcellārĭus, a, um, adj. [macellum],

  1. I. of or belonging to the meat-market or provision-market: taberna, Val. Max. 3, 4, 4: negotiator artis macellariae, Inscr. Grut. 647, 5: ARS, Inscr. Orell. 4302.
    Hence,
  2. II. Subst.: măcellārĭus, ĭi, m., a meat-seller, victualler: vendere apros macellario, Varr. R. R. 3, 2, 11; 3, 4, 2; Suet. Caes. 26: macellarios adjuvare, id. Vesp. 19.

Măcellīnus, i, m. [macellum], an epithet of the emperor M. Opilius Macrinus, who killed his slaves in his own house, Capit. Macr. 13.

măcellum, i (măcellus, i, m., Mart. 10, 96, 9), n. [root μαχ-; cf. Gr. μάχομαι, to fight; cf. μάχαιρα, μάχη, and mactāre; prop. butcher’s stall, shambles; hence, transf.], meat-market, provision-market (where flesh, fish, and vegetables were sold).

  1. I. Lit.: venio ad macellum, rogito pisces, Plaut. Aul. 2, 8, 3: apud emporium atque in macello, id. Am. 4, 1, 4: nostin’ porticum apud macellum hac deorsum? Ter. Ad. 4, 2, 34: excandefacere annonam macelli, Varr. R. R. 3, 2, 16; cf.: putarem annonam in macello cariorem fore, Cic. Div. 2, 27, 59: barathrum macelli, Hor. Ep. 1, 15, 31: quae est ista laus, quae possit e macello peti? Cic. Fin. 2, 15, 50: dispositis circa macellum custodibus, Suet. Caes. 43: cetariorum, Varr. R. R. 3, 17, 7: ad ipsum introitum exspectare macelli, Juv. 11, 10: retibus adsiduis penitus scrutante macello proxima, id. 5, 95.
    In masc.: conturbator macellus, Mart. 10, 96, 9.
    Plur.: fercula nullis ornata macellis, Juv. 11, 64.
  2. * II. Transf., meat: arcessitur inde macellum, Manil. 5, 370.

* 1. măcellus, a, um, adj. dim. [1. macer; cf.: ut in his macer, macriculus, macellus; niger, nigriculus, nigellus, Varr. L. L. 8, § 79 Müll.; cf. Paul. ex Fest. s. v. altellus, p. 7 Müll.], rather meagre: homo, Lucil. ap. Non. 136, 32.

2. măcellus, i, m., v. macellum init.

* măcĕo, ēre, v. n. [1. macer], to be lean, meagre: quia ossa atque pellis totust: ita cura macet, Plaut. Aul. 3, 6, 28; cf. Non. 509, 11.

1. măcer, cra, crum, adj. [Sanscr. root mak, to crush; Gr. μάσσω, knead; μαγεύς, baker; Germ. mager], lean, meagre.

  1. A. Lit., of living beings (most freq. of animals): taurus, opp. pinguis, Verg. E. 3, 100: boves, Varr. R. R. 2, 5, 12; Juv. 14, 146: turdi, Hor. S. 1, 5, 72: mustela, id. Ep. 1, 7, 33: ostreae inuberes et macrae, Gell. 20, 8; Quint. 6, 3, 58.
    Of parts of the body: in macerrimis corporis partibus, Sen. Ep. 78, 8.
    Humorously of a person: valeat res ludicra si me Palma negata macrum donata reducit opimum, Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 181: nec pharetris Veneris macer est, Juv. 6, 138.
  2. B. Of inanimate things, thin, poor, barren: solum exile et macrum, * Cic. Agr. 2, 5, 67: ager macrior, Varr. R. R. 1, 24, 2: macerrimi agri, Col. 11, 2, 7: stirpes, id. 3, 10, 3: vineae, id. 8, 1, 2: libellus, meagre, thin, Mart. 2, 6, 10: ut dignus venias hederis et imagine macra, Juv. 7, 29.

2. Măcer, cri, m., a Roman surname.

    1. 1. C. Licinius Macer, an historian, Cic. Leg. 1, 2, 7; id. Brut. 67, 238; Liv. 4, 7, 12.
    2. 2. Aemilius Macer, a poet and a friend of Virgil and Ovid, Ov. Tr. 4, 10, 44; v. Aemilius.

mācĕrātĭo, ōnis, f. [macero],

  1. I. a steeping, soaking, maceration: diuturna, Vitr. 6, 2.
  2. II. A making soft or tender, Arn. 4, 152.

* māceresco, ĕre, v. inch. n. [id.], to make soft or tender, Cato, R. R. 92.

mācĕrĭa, ae (post-class. form, mācĕ-rĭes, only nom. and acc., Afran. ap. Non. 138; Varr. R. R. 3, 5, 11; Prud. Hamart. 227; Inscr. Grut. 611, 13; Inscr. Orell. 4057), f. [from macero, to soften; orig. a wall built of soft clay; cf. Gr. μάσσω],

  1. I. an enclosure, a wall (class.): maceriam sine calce ex caementis et silice altam pedes quinque facito, Cato, R. R. 15; cf. Varr. R. R. 1, 14, 4; 3, 5, 12: quid maceria illa ait in horto, quaest quae in noctes singulas latere fit minor? Plaut. Truc. 2, 2, 49: hanc in horto maceriam jube dirui, Ter. Ad. 5, 7, 10: herba in maceriis nascens, Plin. 25, 5, 19, § 43: nulla maceria, nulla casa, Cic. Fam. 16, 18, 2: post villarum macerias, Sisenn. ap. Non. 141, 23: fossam et maceriam sex in altitudinem pedum praeduxerant, Caes. B. G. 7, 69; 7, 70: maceria ab laeva semitae paulum exstans a fundamenta, Liv. 42, 15.
  2. II. Affliction: facere illi satis vis, quanta illius mors sit maceries tibi? Afran. ap. Non. 138, 13 (Com. Rel. v. 150 Rib.).

‡ mācĕrĭātĭo, θριγκωσις (an enclosing), Gloss. Philox.

‡ mācĕrĭātus, a, um, adj. [maceria], enclosed, walled in: SEPVLCRVM, Inscr Mur 1644, 14.

1. măcĕrĭes, ēi, f [1. macer], distress, affliction (ante-class.), Afran. ap. Non. 138, 13.

2. mācĕrĭes, ēi, v. maceria init.

† mācĕrĭŏla, ae, f. dim. [maceria], a small enclosure, wall, Inscr. Mur. 492, 2.

mācĕro, āvi, ātum, 1, v. a. [prob. from root μαγ-, μάσσω, to knead; through an adj. mācerus; v. Corss. Ausspr. 1, 395; cf. also măcer], to make soft or tender, to soften by steeping, to soak, steep, macerate (not in Cic. or Cæs.).

  1. I. Lit.: brassicam in aquam, Cato, R. R. 156, 5: salsamenta, Ter. Ad. 3, 3, 27: in piscina lupinum, Col. 1, 6, 21: semen lacte, id. 11, 3, 51: (ramos genistae) marinā aquā, Plin. 24, 9, 40, § 66: (siliginem) novem diebus maceratum … subigunt, id. 18, 11, 27, § 106: grana (cacaliae) in oleo, id. 25, 11, 85, § 135: intestina piscium sale, id. 31, 7, 43, § 93: podagrici crura macerantes, Vitr. 18, 3.
  2. II. Transf., to weaken in body or mind, to waste away, enervate.
    1. A. Of the body: multos iste morbus homines macerat, Plaut. Capt. 3, 4, 22; Liv. 26, 13: quam lentis macerer ignibus, Hor. C. 1, 13, 8; cf.: Macedo siti maceratus, Curt. 5, 13, 24: pars exercitus ad utilitatem nostram macerata perductaque ad exitiabilem famem, Vell. 2, 112, 4: Fabius sic maceravit Hannibalem, ut, etc., i. e. Hannibal’s army, Flor. 2, 6, 28: muscus crura vitium situ et veterno macerat, Col. 4, 22, 6: cor solum viscerum vitiis non maceratur, Plin. 11, 37, 69, § 182.
    2. B. Of the mind, to fret, vex, torment, distress, torture, pain (syn.: crucio, torqueo): egemet me concoquo et macero et defatigo, fret myself, Plaut. Trin. 2, 1, 2: quor me excrucio? quor me macero? quor meam senectutem sollicito? Ter. And. 5, 3, 15; cf. id. Eun. 1, 2, 107: noli te macerare, id. And. 4, 2, 2: cura satis me lacrumis maceravi, Plaut. Capt. 5, 1, 8: hoc me facinus miserum macerat, id. Mil. 3, 1, 21: infelix sollicitudo persequitur nec oratorem macerat et coquit, * Quint. 12, 10, 77: quae vos macerent desiderio, Liv. 5, 54, 3; 26, 13, 8.
      Poet., with a causal object-clause: consimili ratione ab eodem saepe timore macerat invidia, ante oculos illum esse potentem, Lucr. 3, 75.
      Mid., to vex, torment one’s self: maceror interdum, quod sim tibi causa dolendi, Ov. H. 2, 125: unum hoc maceror et doleo tibi deesse, Terenti, C. Caes. ap. Suet. Vit. Ter. fin.: ex desiderio magis magisque maceror, Afran. ap. Charis. p. 182 P.

Măcĕrōnes, um, m., a people of Iberia, Plin. 6, 10, 11, § 29.

Măces, v. 2. Macae.

măcesco, ĕre, v. inch. n. [maceo], to grow lean or thin, to become meagre (anteand post-Aug.): (apes) propter laborem asperantur et macescunt, Varr. R. R. 3, 16; 1, 55, 1: constat, arva segetibus ejus (hordei) macescere, become poor, Col. 2, 9, 14: feminis bubus demitur (cibus), quod macescentes melius concipere dicuntur, Varr. R. R. 2, 1, 17: tuo maerore maceror, Macesco, consenesco et tabesco miser, Plaut. Capt. 1, 2, 31.

Măcĕtae (Măcĕdae), ārum, m., = Μακέται.

  1. I. (As a less usual form for Μακεδόνες,) Macedonians: Macetae locupletissimo imperio aucti, Gell. 9, 3, 1.
    Gen. plur. Măcĕtūm. Stat. S. 4, 6, 106; Sil. 14, 5; Luc. 2, 647; Claud. ap. Rufin. 2, 279; Aus. de Clar. Urb. 2, 9.
  2. II. (Because Antiochus the Great was a descendant of Seleucus Nicator) = Syri, Sil. 13, 878.

Machabaeus, i, m., a surname of Judas, Vulg. 1 Macc. 1, 2 et saep.
Hence, Machabaei, ōrum, m., the Maccabees, Aug. Civ. Dei, 18, 36; Hier. Ep. 7, 6.

† 1. măchaera, ae, f., = μάχαιρα, a sword (ante-class. and post-Aug.): machaera atque hasta, Enn. ap Fest. s. v. redhostire, p. 270 Müll. (Trag. v. 212 Müll.): succincti corda machaeris, id. ap. Serv. ad Verg. A. 9, 678 (Ann. v. 392 ib.): eia machaeras, id. ib. 9, 38 (Ann. v. 585 ib.); Plaut. Curc. 3, 54: ni hebes machaera foret, id. Mil. 1, 1, 53; Sen. Ben. 5, 24 fin.; Suet. Claud. 15.
A weapon, in mal. part., Plaut. Ps. 4, 7, 85.

2. Măchaera, ae, m., an auctioneer, Juv. 7, 9.

(măchaerĭum, ii, a false reading for machaeris, Plaut. Rud. 2, 2, 9.)

† măchaerŏphŏrus, i, m., = μαχαιροφόρος, a sword-wearer, a satellite: machaerophoris centum sequentibus, i. e. soldiers armed in the Greek manner, Cic. Q. Fr. 2, 10, 2.

† măchaerŏphyllon, i, n., = μαχαιρόφυλλον (sword-leaf), a plant (al. macrophyllon). App. Herb. 78.

Măchāon, ŏnis, m., = Μαχάων,

  1. I. son of Æsculapius, a famous surgeon of the Greeks before Troy, Cels. praef.; Prop. 2, 1, 61; Verg. A. 2, 263; Ov. P. 3, 4, 7 al.
  2. II. Transf., in plur., surgeons, physicians: quid tibi cum medicis? dimitte Machaonas omnes, Mart. 2, 16, 5.
    Hence,
    1. A. Ma-chāŏnĭcus, a, um, adj., of or belonging to Machaon: ars, i. e. the art of surgery, Sid. Ep. 2, 12.
    2. B. Măchāŏnĭus, a, um, adj., of or belonging to Machaon, Machaonian, surgical: Machaoniā ope sanus, Ov. R. Am. 546: sucus, Stat. S. 1, 4, 114.

machetum, i, n., a kind of rose, Plin. 21, 4, 10, § 19.

† māchilla, ae, f. dim. [machina], a little machine: e machillā sustuli, Petr. 74, 13 dub. (al. e machina illam sustuli).

† Machĭmus, i, m., = Μάχιμος, the name of one of Actæon’s hounds, Hyg. Fab. 181.

† māchĭna, ae, f. = μηχανή, a machine, i. e. any artificial contrivance for performing work, an engine, fabric, frame, scaffolding, staging, easel, warlike engine, military machine, etc.

  1. I. Lit.
    1. A. In gen.: moles et machina mundi, Lucr. 5, 96: omnes illae columnae machinā appositā dejectae sunt, Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 55, § 145: torquet nunc lapidem, nunc ingens machina tignum, Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 73: trahuntque siccas machinae carinas, id. C. 1, 4, 2: frumentaria, Dig. 33, 7, 12.
    2. B. Esp.,
      1. 1. A platform on which slaves were exposed for sale: amicam de machinis emere, Q. Cic. Petit. Cons. 2, 8.
      2. 2. A painter’s easel, Plin. 35, 10, 37, § 120.
      3. 3. A scaffold for building: de machinā cadere, Dig. 13, 6, 5; Plin. 19, 2, 8, § 30.
      4. 4. A military machine, warlike engine: machinis omnium generum expugnare oppidum, Sall. J. 21: aut haec in nostros fabricata est machina muros, Verg. A. 2, 46: murales, Plin. 7, 56, 57, § 202: arietaria, Vitr. 10, 19.
  2. II. Trop., a device, plan, contrivance; esp. a trick, artifice, stratagem: at nunc disturba quas statuisti machinas, i. e. abandon your schemes, Plaut. Ps. 1, 5, 137: totam hanc legem ad illius opes evertendas tamquam machinam comparari, Cic. Agr. 2, 18, 50: omnes ad amplificandam orationem quasi machinae, * Quint. 11, 1, 44: dolum aut machinam commoliar, Caecil. ap. Cic. N. D. 3, 29, 73: quantas moveo machinas! Plaut. Mil. 3, 2, 1: aliquam machinabor machinam, Unde aurum efficiam, id. Bacch. 2, 2, 54.

māchĭnālis, e, adj. [machina], of or belonging to machines (post-Aug.): scientia, Plin. 7, 37, 38, § 125: saxa machinali pondere, Aus. Ep. 21, 34.

māchĭnāmen, ĭnis, n. [machinor], a contrivance, device, Cassiod. Hist. Eccl. 9, 14.

māchĭnāmentum, i, n. [machinor], a machine, engine; an instrument, organ (perh. not ante-Aug.; not in Cic. or Cæs.).

  1. I. Lit.: machinamenta alia quatiendis muris portabant, military engines, Liv. 24, 34: suspensum et nutans machinamentum, Tac. H. 4, 30: nihil tam ignarum barbaris, quam machinamenta et astus oppugnationum, id. A. 12, 45: tot genera machinamentorum ad extendendum femur, surgical instruments, Cels. 8, 20: singulis articulis singula machinamenta, quibus extorqueantur, aptata, Sen. Ep. 24, 14; id. Cons. ad Marc. 20, 3.
    1. * B. Transf., the organs of sense, App. Dogm. Plat. 1, p. 9, 20.
  2. II. Trop., a trick, device, stratagem (post-class.): callida commeantium, Cod. Th. 6, 28, 6.

māchĭnārĭus, a, um, adj. [machina], of or belonging to machines, machine- (postclass.).

  1. I. Adj.: mola, which is worked by an animal by means of a machine, App. M. 7, p. 194, 20: asinus, Dig. 33, 7, 12: mensor, a surveyor, ib. 11, 6, 7: commentator, a machinist, machine-builder, Sol. 5.
  2. II. Subst.: māchĭnārĭus, ii, m., one who works on a scaffold, Dig. 9, 2, 31.

māchĭnātĭo, ōnis, f. [machinor], artificial contrivance, mechanism, machinery (class.).

  1. I. Lit.: cum machinatione quadam moveri aliquid videmus, ut sphaeram, Cic. N. D. 2, 38, 97: data est quibusdam bestiis machinatio quaedam, et sollertia, power of contrivance, design, id. ib. 2, 48, 123.
    1. B. Transf. (abstr. pro concreto), a machine, engine: tantae altitudinis machinationes, Caes. B. G. 2, 31: tanta, id. ib. 2, 30; 4, 17: navalis, id. B. C. 2, 10: tale machinationis genus, Liv. 37, 5.
  2. II. Trop., a trick, device, machination, contrivance; artifice, fraud: judex tamquam machinatione aliqua tum ad severitatem, tum ad remissionem animi est contorquendus, Cic. de Or. 2, 17, 72: dolus malus est omnis calliditas, fallacia, machinatio ad circumveniendum, fallendum, decipiendum alterum adhibita, Dig. 4, 3, 1; 14: per machinationem obligatus, by artifice, by fraud, ib. 45, 1, 36.

māchĭnātor, ōris, m. [machinor], a maker of machines, a machinist, an engineer, architect (class.).

  1. I. Lit., of Archimedes: inventor ac machinator bellicorum tormentorum, Liv. 24, 34: machinatores, qui pegmata per se surgentia excogitant, Sen. Ep. 88, 19: magistri et machinatores quibus ingenium et audacia erat, Tac. A. 15, 42: deus rerum omnium machinator fecit hominem, maker, creator, Lact. 2, 11.
  2. II. Trop., a contriver, inventor: harum omnium rerum machinatores, Cic. Agr. 1, 5, 16: omnium architectus et machinator, id. Rosc. Am. 45, 132: horum omnium scelerum improbissimus machinator, id. Cat. 3, 3, 6: doli, Tac. A. 1, 10: auctor et machinator accusationis, App. Mag. p. 274, 22.

* māchĭnātrix, īcis, f. [machinator], an inventress: malorum facinorum, Sen. Med. 266.

māchĭnātus, ūs, m. [machinor], a contrivance, artifice, device (post-class.): suo machinatu, App. Mag. p. 321, 33; Sid. Ep. 5, 6.

māchĭnor, ātus, 1, v. dep. a. [machina], to contrive skilfully, to devise, design, frame, invent (class).

  1. I. In gen.: incredibile est, quantā operā machinata natura sit, Cic. N. D. 2, 59, 149: qui haec machinatus est, id. Univ. 3: haec duo musici machinati ad voluptatem sunt, versum atque cantum, id. de Or. 3, 44, 174: quod machiner inveniamque, Lucr. 3, 944; cf. Vitr. 1, 6 med.
  2. II. In partic., to contrive artfully, to scheme, plot, = μηχανᾶσθαι: aliquam machinabor machinam, Unde aurum efficiam amanti erili, Plaut. Bacch. 2, 2, 54: aliquam astutiam corde, id. Capt. 3, 3, 15; 16; id. Cas. 2, 4, 22: aliud quiddam, Cic. Verr. 1, 6, 15: inimico exitum, Auct. Her. 2, 19, 28; cf.: sibi nefariam pestem, Cic. N. D. 3, 26, 66: necem alicui, Liv. 1, 51, 1: perniciem alicui, Sall. C. 18: pestem in aliquem, Cic. Cat. 1, 1, 2.
          1. (β) Neutr. (post-class.): adversus aliquem, Dig. 4, 3, 1, § 3.
            Part. perf. māchĭnātus, a, um, in pass. signif.: quae (sol, luna, etc.) ni machinata versarentur, skilfully arranged, adjusted, Vitr. 10, 1: cum machinato strepitu tonitruum, artificial, Sall. ap. Macr. S. 2, 9, and ap. Non. 180, 22 (Hist. 2, 23, 3 Dietsch); App. de Mundo, p. 67: indicium a P. Autronio machinatum, contrived, planned, devised, Sall. C. 48, 7: regis cura machinata fames, id. Fragm. ap. Prisc. p. 792 P. (Hist. 3, 34 Dietsch).

* māchĭnōsus, a, um, adj. [machinor], skilfully constructed: navigium, Suet. Ner. 34.

māchĭnŭla, ae, f. dim. [machinor], a little machine, Paul. Nol. Carm. 26, 458; Paul. ex Fest. p. 107, 3; p. 147, 2.

‡ māchĭo, ōnis, m. [machinor], one who works on a scaffold, a mason: machiones dicti a machinis, quibus insistunt propter altitudinem parietum, Isid. Orig. 19, 8, 2 (hence, Fr. macon; Engl. mason).

Machlyes, um, m., a fabled people of Africa: supra Nasamonas confinesque illis Machlyas androgynos esse utriusque naturae, Plin. 7, 2, 2, § 15.

Măchŏrōnes, um, m., a people of Pontus, Plin. 6, 4, 4, § 11.

macĭa, ae, f., a plant, called by the Greeks ἀναγαλλίς, pimpernel, Marc. Emp. 1.

măcĭes, ēi, f. [maceo], leanness, thinness, meagreness (class.).

  1. I. Lit.
    1. A. Of living beings and the parts of their bodies: profectus est (ad bellum) Hirtius consul: at quā imbecillitate? quā macie? Cic. Phil. 7, 4, 12; id. Agr. 2, 34, 93: hoc maciem facit, Plin. 30, 7, 20, § 60: reducere ad maciem, id. 24, 8, 30, § 46: equi macie corrupti, * Caes. B. C. 3, 58: corpus macie extabuit, Cic. poët. Tusc. 3, 12, 26: turpis macies decentes Occupet malas, Hor. C. 3, 27, 53: tenet ora profanae Foeda situ macies, Luc. 6, 515: macies aegri veteris, Juv. 9, 16; 15, 101.
    2. B. Of inanim, things: macies soli, poorness, barrenness, Col. 1, 4, 3: lapidosa aurosi pulveris, Pall. 1, 5, 1: jejuna corticis, id. Mart. 10, 21; so, corticis, Plin. 17, 27, 42, § 252: seges macie deficit, Ov. F. 1, 689.
  2. II. Transf., of water, diminution: aquarum, e. g. at the ebb, Sol. 23.
  3. * III. Trop., meagreness, poverty of language, Tac. Or. 21, 1.

măcĭlentus, a, um, adj. [macies], lean, thin, meagre (ante- and post-class.): macilento ore, Plaut. Capt. 3, 4, 114: macilentis malis, id. As. 2, 3, 20: macilenti, macie tenuati, Paul. ex Fest. p. 125 Müll.: solum, poor, barren, Pall. Mart. 10, 1.
Comp.: macilentiores vultus, Vulg. Dan. 1, 10: macilentior equus, Pelagon. Vet. 13.

măcĭo, āre, v. a. [macies], to make lean, thin, or meagre, to reduce (post-class.): Caspii maris fauces mirum in modum maciantur imbribus, crescunt aestibus, Sol. 15, 18; cf.: macio διακναίω, Gloss. Philox.

‡ macir, indecl., = μάκερ, a kind of red spicy bark brought from India, Plin. 12, 8, 16, § 32.

măcis, v. maccis.

măco, ĕre, 3, v. a. [cf. macellum], to maul, beat, hack: namque nullum Pejus macit homonem quamde mare saevum, Naev. ap. Paul. ex Fest. p. 397 Müll. ad loc.: ut nunc saepe boves lucae ferro male mactae Diffugiunt, Lucr. 5, 1339 Munro ad loc.

* măcor, ōris, m. [maceo], leanness, meagreness (ante-class. for macies): corpus meum tali maerore, aegrore, macore senet, Pac. ap. Non. 137, 1 (Trag. Rel. v. 275 Rib.); cf. Prisc. 699 P.

Mā̆cra, ae, m.

  1. I. A river in Italy, between Liguria and Etruria, now Magra, Plin. 3, 5, 7, § 48; Liv. 39, 32, 2; 40, 41, 3.
  2. II. Macra Cōmē, Gr. Μακρὰ κώμη, a town in Locris, on the border of Thessaly, Liv. 32, 13, 10.

mā̆cresco, crŭi, 3, v. inch. n. [1. macer], to grow lean, meagre: algor eas et famis macrescere cogit, Varr. R. R. 2, 5, 15; 3, 5, 3: macrescit pecus, Col. 6, 3, 1: macrescunt animalia, Veg. Vet. 1, 7, 2: invidus alterius macrescit rebus opimis, grows thin at, pines away at, * Hor. Ep. 1, 2, 57: curionem agnum Plautus pro macro dixit, quasi cura macruisset, Paul. ex Fest. s. v. curionem, p. 60 Müll.

Macri Campi (also Campi Ma-cri, Varr. R. R. 2 praef. § 6, and Liv. 41, 18), = Μακροὶ Κάμποι, a region in Gallia Cispadana, on the river Macra, in the vicinity of Parma and Modena, Varr. R. R. 2 praef. § 6; Col. 7, 2, 3; Liv. 41, 18, 5; 45, 12, 11.

Macria, f., a small island near Eubœa, Plin. 2, 88, 90, § 204.

macrĭcŭlus, a, um, adj. dim. [1. macer], lean, Varr. L. L. 8, 40, § 79 Müll.

Mā̆crīnus, i, m., the name of a man.

  1. I. A friend of the poet Persius, Pers. 2, 1.
  2. II. A Roman emperor, Aus. Caes. 23.

Mā̆cris, ĭdis, f., = Μακρις, the name of several islands.

  1. I. In the Ægean Sea, near Ionia, Liv. 27, 13; 28; 29.
  2. II. An ancient name of the island of Eubœa, Plin. 4, 12, 21, § 64.
  3. III. Of Chios, Plin. 5, 31, 38, § 136.
  4. IV. Of Icarus, Plin. 4, 12, 23, § 68.

măcrĭtas, ātis, f. [1. macer], leanness, poorness, thinness (post-Aug. and rare for macies): arenae, Vitr. 2, 4: soli, Pall. Oct. 1, 2.

* mā̆crĭtūdo, ĭnis, f. [1. macer], leanness, thinness, meagreness (for macies): ossa atque pellis sum, miser macritudine, Plaut. Capt. 1, 2, 26 Weise (1, 2, 32 Brix and Fleck., who read aegritudine; acc. to Non. 136, 2).

Macrŏbĭi (Macrŏbĭoe, Schol. Juv. 10, 150), ōrum, m., = Μακρόβιοι (longlived).

  1. I. A people of Æthiopia, Mel. 3, 9, 1; Plin. 6, 30, 35, § 190; 7, 2, 2, § 28; Val. Max. 8, 13, 5 ext.
  2. II. The inhabitants of Apollonia, in Macedonia, Plin. 4, 10, 17, § 37.

Măcrŏbĭus, ii, m., = Μακρόβιος (living long): Aurelius Macrobius Ambrosius Theodosius, a Roman grammarian at the end of the fourth century, author of a commentary on Cicero’s Somnium Scipionis, and of a treatise entitled Convivia Saturna lia, cf. Jan. Proleg. ad Macr. p. 1 sq.

Macrŏcĕphăli, ōrum, m., = Μακρο, κέφαλοι (i. e. people with great heads), a people of Pontus, Mela, 1, 19, 11; Plin. 6, 4, 4, § 11.

† macrŏchēra, ae, f., = μακρόχειρα, having long sleeves, long-sleeved: tunica, Lampr. Alex. Sev. 33, 4.

† Măcrŏchīr, m., = Μακρόχειρ, Longhand, = Lat. Longimanus, a surname of king Artaxerxes, Nep. Reg. 1, 3 sq.; Amm. 30, 8, 4.

† măcrŏcōlum and măcrŏcol-lum, i, n., = μακρόκωλον, large-sized paper, royal paper, Cic. Att. 16, 3, 1; 13, 25, 3; Plin. 13, 12, 24, § 80.

Macrocremnii montes, a chain of mountains near the Dniester, Plin. 4, 12, 26, § 82.

† macrŏlŏgĭa, ae, f., = μακρολογία, tediousness in speech (Lat. longiloquium), Pomp. Gram. Com. in Donat. de Barb. 3, 1, p. 293 Keil (as Greek, trans., longior quam oportet sermo, Quint. 8, 3, 53).

Mā̆crōnes, um, m., v. Macerones and Machorones.

* mactābĭlis, e, adj. [macto], deadly: plaga, Lucr. 6, 805.

mactātĭo, ōnis, f. [macto], a slaying, killing (post-class.): innoxiorum animantium mactatio, Arn. 7, 213; Isid. Orig. 6, 19, 31.

* mactātor, ōris, m. [macto], a slayer, murderer: mactator senum, Sen. Troad. 1002.

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