Lewis & Short

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1. līber, ĕra, ĕrum (old form, loebesum et loebertatem antiqui dicebant liberum et libertatem. Ita Graeci λοιβὴν et λείβειν, Paul. ex Fest. p. 121 Müll.; cf. 2. Liber), adj. [Gr. root λιφ-, λίπτω, to desire; cf. Sanscr. lub-dhas, desirous; Lat. libet, libido], that acts according to his own will and pleasure, is his own master; free, unrestricted, unrestrained, unimpeded, unshackled; independent, frank, open, bold (opp. servus, servilis).

  1. I. In gen.; constr. absol., with ab, the abl., and poet. also with gen.
          1. (α) Absol.: dictum est ab eruditissimis viris, nisi sapientem liberum esse neminem. Quid est enim libertas? Potestas vivendi ut velis, Cic. Par. 5, 1, 33: an ille mihi liber, cui mulier imperat, cui leges imponit, praescribit, jubet, vetat? etc., id. ib. 5, 2, 36: ad scribendi licentiam liber, id. N. D. 1, 44, 123: agri immunes ac liberi, Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 69, § 166: integro animo ac libero causam defendere, unprejudiced, unbiased, id. Sull. 31, 86: liberi ad causas solutique veniebant, not under obligations, not bribed, id. Verr. 2, 2, 78 § 192; cf.: libera lingua, Plaut. Cist. 1, 2, 9: cor liberum, id. Ep. 1, 2, 43: vocem liberam mittere adversus aliquem, Liv. 35, 32, 6: libera verba animi proferre, Juv. 4, 90: judicium audientium relinquere integrum ac liberum, Cic. Div. 2, 72, 150: aliquid respuere ingenuo liberoque fastidio, id. Brut. 67, 236: libero tempore, cum soluta nobis est eligendi optio, id. Fin. 1, 10, 33: tibi uni vexatio direptioque sociorum impunita fuit ac libera, id. Cat. 1, 7, 18: pars quaestionum vaga et libera et late patens, id. de Or. 2, 16, 67: liberum arbitrium eis populo Romano permittente, Liv. 31, 11 fin.; cf. id. 37, 1, 5: mandata, full powers, unlimited authority, id. 37, 56; 38, 8: fenus, unlimited, id. 35, 7: custodia, free custody (i. e. confinement to a house or to a town), id. 24, 45; Vell. 1, 11, 1; v. custodia, II.: legatio, v. legatio: suffragia, the right of voting freely, Juv. 8, 211: locus, free from intruders, undisturbed, secure, Plaut. Poen. 1, 1, 49; 3, 2, 25; id. Cas. 3, 2, 4: aedes, a free house, free dwelling (assigned to the use of ambassadors of friendly nations during their stay in Rome), Liv. 30, 17 fin.; 35, 23; 42, 6: lectulus, i. e. not shared with a wife, Cic. Att. 14, 13, 5: toga (poet. for virilis toga), a man’s (prop. of one who is his own master), Ov. F. 3, 771: vestis, id. ib. 3, 777: libera omnia sibi servare, to reserve to one’s self full liberty, Plin. Ep. 1, 5.
            Comp.: hoc liberiores et solutiores sumus, quod, etc., Cic. Ac. 2, 3, 8: est finitimus oratori poëta, numeris astrictior paulo, verborum licentia liberior, id. de Or. 1, 16, 70: liberiores litterae, id. Att. 1, 13, 1: amicitia remissior esse debet et liberior et dulcior, freer, more unrestrained, more cheerful, id. Lael. 18 fin.: paulo liberior sententia, Quint. 4, 2, 121: liberior in utramque partem disputatio, id. 7, 2, 14: fusiores liberioresque numeri, id. 9, 4, 130: officia liberiora plenioraque, id. 6, 1, 9: (flumina) campo recepta Liberioris aquae, freer, less impeded, Ov. M. 1, 41; cf.: (Tiberinus) campo liberiore natat, freer, opener, id. F. 4, 292: liberiore frui caelo, freer, opener, id. M. 15, 301.
            Sup.: liberrimum hominum genus, comici veteres tradunt, etc., the frankest, most free-spoken, Quint. 12, 2, 22; cf.: liberrime Lolli, most frank, most ingenuous, Hor. Ep. 1, 18, 1: indignatio, id. Epod. 4, 10.
          2. (β) Free or exempt from, void of; with ab: Mamertini vacui, expertes, soluti ac liberi fuerunt ab omni sumptu, molestia, munere, Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 10, § 23; cf.: (consul) solutus a cupiditatibus, liber a delictis, id. Agr. 1, 9, 27: ab observando homine perverso liber, id. Att. 1, 13, 2: liber a tali irrisione Socrates, liber Aristo Chius, id. Ac. 2, 39, 123: ab omni animi perturbatione liber, id. Off. 1, 20, 67; id. N. D. 2, 21, 55: loca abdita et ab arbitris libera, id. Att. 15, 16, B: libera a ferro crura, Ov. P. 1, 6, 32: animus liber a partibus rei publicae, Sall. C. 4.
          3. (γ) With abl.: animus omni liber curā et angore, free from, without, Cic. Fin. 1, 15: animus religione, Liv. 2, 36: animus cogitationibus aliis, Quint. 11, 2, 35: mens omnibus vitiis, id. 12, 1, 4; cf.: liberis odio et gratia mentibus, id. 5, 11, 37: omni liber metu, Liv. 7, 34: liber invidia, Quint. 12, 11, 7: equus carcere, Ov. Am. 2, 9, 20.
          4. (δ) With gen. (poet.): liber laborum, Hor. A. P. 212: fati gens Lydia, Verg. A. 10, 154: curarum, Luc. 4, 384.
            Comp.: liberior campi, having a wider space, Stat. S. 4, 2, 24.
            (ε) Liberum est, with subject-clause: quam (opinionem) sequi magis probantibus liberum est, it is free, permitted, allowable, Quint. 6, 3, 112; Plin. Ep. 1, 8: dies eligere certos liberum erat, Plin. 30, 2, 6, § 16.
            So in abl. absol.: libero, quid firmaret mutaretve, Tac. A. 3, 60.
  2. II. In partic.
    1. A. Free, in a social point of view, not a slave (opp. servus; also to ingenuus): neque vendendam censes quae libera est, Ter. Ad. 2, 1, 40; cf. id. ib. v. 28: dis habeo gratiam quom aliquot affuerunt liberae, because slaves were not permitted to testify, id. And. 4, 4, 32; opp. ingenuus, free-born: quid ea? ingenuan’ an festucā facta e servā liberast? Plaut. Mil. 1, 1, 14: in jure civili, qui est matre liberā, liber est, Cic. N. D. 3, 18, 45; id. Caecin. 36, 96: si neque censu, neque vindictā, nec testamento liber factus est (servus), non est liber, id. Top. 2, 10: quae (assentatio) non modo amico, sed ne libero quidem digna est, of a freeman, id. Lael. 24, 89; Quint. 11, 1, 43: liberorum hominum alii ingenui sunt, alii libertini, Gai. Inst. 1, 10; cf. sqq.: ex ancilla et libero jure gentium servus nascitur, id. ib. 1, 82; cf. § 85; Paul. Sent. 2, 24, 1 sqq.
    2. B. Free, in a political point of view; said both of a people not under monarchical rule and of one not in subjection to another people, Cic. Rep. 1, 32, 48; cf.: ut ex nimia potentia principum oritur interitus principum, sic hunc nimis liberum populum libertas ipsa servitute afficit, id. ib. 1, 44, 68: liber populus, id. ib. 3, 34, 46: (Demaratus) vir liber ac fortis, democratic, republican, fond of liberty, id. ib. 2, 19, 34: civitates liberae atque immunes, free from service, Liv. 37, 55: provinciae civitatesque liberae, Suet. Vesp. 8: libera ac foederata oppida, id. Calig. 3: Roma patrem patriae Ciceronem libera dixit, Juv. 8, 244.
    3. C. In a bad sense, esp. with reference to sensual pleasure, unbridled, unchecked, unrestrained, licentious: quam liber harum rerum multarum siet (Juppiter), Plaut. Am. prol. 105: adulescens imprudens et liber, Ter. Eun. 3, 1, 40; cf.: sit adulescentia liberior, somewhat freer, Cic. Cael. 18, 42: amores soluti et liberi, id. Rep. 4, 4, 4: consuetudo peccandi, id. Verr. 2, 3, 76, § 177.
      Hence, adv.: lībĕrē, freely, unrestrictedly, without let or hinderance; frankly, openly, boldly: qui nihil dicit, nihil facit, nihil cogitat denique, nisi libenter ac libere, Cic. Par. 5, 1, 34: animus somno relaxatus solute movetur et libere, id. Div. 2, 48, 100: respirare, id. Quint. 11, 39: constanter et libere (me gessi), id. Att. 4, 16, 9: consilium dare, id. Lael. 13, 44: aliquid magis accusatorie quam libere dixisse, id. Verr. 2, 2, 72, § 176: omnia libere fingimus et impune, Quint. 6, 1, 43: ut ingredi libere (oratio), non ut licenter videatur errare, Cic. Or. 23, 77.
      Comp.: liberius vivendi fuit potestas, Ter. And. 1, 1, 23: loqui, Cic. Planc. 13, 33: fortius liberiusque defendere, Quint. 12, 1, 21: liberius si Dixero quid, Hor. S. 1, 4, 103: maledicere, id. ib. 2, 8, 37: longius et liberius exseritur digitus, Quint. 11, 3, 92; cf. id. 11, 3, 97: ipsaque tellus Omnia liberius, nullo poscente, ferebat, freely, of itself, spontaneously, Verg. G. 1, 127.

lībĕri, ōrum, children; v. 2. liber.

lĭbet or lŭbet, libuit (lub-) and libitum (lub-) est (in Cic. perh. only in the latter form), 2, v. n. and impers. (libeo, es, etc., as a personal verb acc. to Caper ap. Prisc. p. 922 P.) [Sanscr. root lubh, cupere, desiderare; Gr. root λιφ- in λίπτω, λιψ; cf. Goth. liub-s; Germ. lieb, dear; Lat. līber], it pleases, is pleasing, is agreeable: mihi, I am disposed, I like, I please, I will.
Constr. with nom. of a demonstr. or rel. pronoun, with inf. or a subject-clause as subject, or impers. without a subject, and with or without a dat.

        1. (α) Id (quod) libet (mihi): quod tibi lubet, idem mihi lubet, Plaut. Most. 1, 3, 138: facite, quod vobis lubet, Ter. Ad. 5, 9, 34: cui facile persuasi, mihi id, quod rogaret, ne licere quidem, non modo non libere, Cic. Att. 14, 19, 4; cf.: sin et poterit Naevius id quod libet et ei libebit quod non licet, quid agendum est? id. Quint. 30, 94: quodcumque homini accidit libere, posse retur, Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 17: ubi peregre, tibi quod libitum fuit, feceris, Ter. Phorm. 5, 7, 77.
          Once in plur.: cetera item, quae cuique libuissent, dilargitus est, Suet. Caes. 20.
          Without a dat.: rogita quod lubet, Plaut. Ep. 5, 2, 31: faciat quod lubet, Ter. Heaut. 3, 1, 55: nihil vident, nisi quod lubet, id. ib. 4, 1, 30: si quid lubet, id. Phorm. 5, 7, 88: quae (senectus) efficeret, ut id non liberet quod non oporteret, Cic. de Sen. 12, 42: illa priorum scribendi, quodcumque animo flagrante liberet, simplicitas, Juv. 1, 152.
        2. (β) With inf. or a subject-clause, with or without a dat.: concedere aliquantisper hinc mihi intro lubet, Plaut. Ps. 1, 5, 158: mihi lubet nunc venire Pseudolum, id. ib. 4, 5, 3; Ter. And. 5, 5, 2: Qui lubitumst illi condormiscere? Lu. Oculis, opinor, Plaut. Mil. 3, 2, 13: non libet mihi deplorare vitam, Cic. de Sen. 23, 84: quarum (orationum) alteram non libebat mihi scribere, id. Att. 2, 7, 1: de quo genere libitum est mihi paulo plura dicere, id. de Or. 2, 85, 348; id. Leg. 2, 27, 69; Ter. And. 1, 5, 28.
          Without a dat.: cum illuc ventum est, ire illinc lubet, Enn. ap. Gell. 19, 10, 12 (Trag. v. 258 Vahl.); Ter. And. 4, 5, 21: de C. Gracchi tribunatu quid exspectem non libet augurari, Cic. Lael. 12, 41: qui in foro, quicum colloqui libeat, non habeant, id. Rep. 1, 17, 28: incoharo haec studia, vel non vacabit, vel non libebit, Quint. 1, 12, 12; 10, 1, 13; Ter. Ad. 5, 1, 4: ultra Sauromatas fugere hinc libet, Juv. 2, 1: libet expectare quis impendat, etc., I should like to see who, etc., id. 12, 95.
        3. (γ) Absol., with or without a dat.: ego ibo pro te, si tibi non libet, Plaut. Most. 5, 2, 10: ubiquomque libitum erit animo meo, id. As. 1, 1, 97: adi, si libet, id. Pers. 5, 2, 13; Cic. Tusc. 5, 15, 45; Ter. And. 1, 3, 8: age, age, ut libet, id. ib. 2, 1, 10: ut libet, as an expression of assent, id. Heaut. 4, 4, 16; 4, 5, 32; 5, 1, 61; id. Ad. 2, 2, 38: Ch. Quid in urbe reptas villice? Ol. Lubet, Plaut. Cas. 1, 11; id. Bacch. 5, 2, 79: Pe. Qua fiducia ausus … dicere? Ep. Libuit, Plaut. Ep. 5, 2, 33; cf. id. Ps. 1, 3, 114.
          Hence,
    1. 1. lĭbens (lŭbens; LIBES, Inscr. R. N. 2598 Mommsen), entis, P. a., that does a thing willingly or with readiness, willing, with good will, with pleasure (class.).
  1. A. Lit.
    1. 1. In gen.: studen hercle audire, nam ted ausculto lubens, Plaut. Ps. 1, 5, 108: Ph. Complectere. An Facio lubens, id. As. 3, 3, 25: ego illud vero illud feci, ac lubens, Ter. Eun. 3, 5, 43; id. Heaut. 4, 5, 15; id. And. 2, 1, 37: cum totius Italiae concursus facti illius gloriam libens agnovisset, Cic. Mil. 14, 38.
      Freq. (esp. in Cic.; Cæs. and Quint. do not use libens as an adj. at all) in the abl. absol.: me, te, etc., and animo libente or libenti, with pleasure, gladly, very willingly: edepol me lubente facies, Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 218: me libente eripies mihi hunc errorem, Cic. Att. 10, 4, 6; id. de Or. 2, 73, 295: libente me vero, id. Rep. 1, 9 fin. Mos. N. cr.: quae (res nostrae) tam libenti senatu laudarentur, id. Att. 1, 14, 3: cum Musis nos delectabimus animo aequo, immo vero etiam gaudenti ac libenti, id. ib. 2, 4, 2.
      Sup.: cunctae praefecturae libentissimis animis eum recipiunt, Caes. B. C. 1, 15, 1: illam porticum redemptores statim sunt demoliti libentissimis omnibus, Cic. Att. 4, 2, 5: libentissimis Graecis, id. Fam. 13, 65, 1: lubentissimo corde atque animo, Plaut. Ps. 5, 2, 22: fecit animo libentissimo populus Romanus, Cic. Verr. 1, 9, 25.
    2. 2. In partic.: libens or libens merito (abbreviated L. M.), a formula used in paying a vow: Jovi lubens meritoque vitulor, Plaut. Pers. 2, 3, 1: EX VOTO L. M., Inscr. Orell. 1412: V. S. L. M., i. e. votum solvit libens merito, or V. L. S., i. e. votum libens solvit, very freq. in inscriptions.
  2. B. Transf., glad, happy, joyful, cheerful, merry (ante-class.): uti ego illos lubentiores faciam, quam Lubentia’st, Plaut. As. 2, 2, 2: ego omnes hilaros, lubentes, laetificantes faciam ut fiant, id. Pers. 5, 1, 8: hilarum ac lubentem fac te in gnati nuptiis, Ter. Ad. 4, 7, 38.
    Hence, adv.: lĭbenter or lŭbenter, willingly, cheerfully, gladly, with pleasure, Enn. ap. Gell. 12, 4, 4 (Ann. v. 239 Vahl.); id. ap. Non. 15, 12 (Trag. v. 379 ib.): cenare lubenter, Cato, R. R. 156: ecastor frigida non lavi magis lubenter, Plaut. Most. 1, 2, 1: ut homines te libenter studioseque audiant, Cic. Div. in Caecil. 12, 39; id. Rep. 1, 18, 30: libenter verbo utor Catonis, id. ib. 2, 1, 3; id. Lael. 24, 89; id. Rep. 2, 38, 64: ego tuas litteras legi libenter, id. Fam. 3, 5, 1; id. Att. 2, 1, 1: libenter homines id, quod volunt, credunt, Caes. B. G. 3, 18.
    Comp.: ille adjurans, nusquam se umquam libentius (cenavisse), with a better appetite, Cic. Fam. 9, 19, 1; id. Lael. 19, 68: nihil libentius audiunt, Quint. 7, 1, 63; 8, 2, 11: nil umquam hac carne libentius edit, Juv. 15, 88.
    Sup.: cui ego quibuscumque rebus potero libentissime commodabo, Cic. Fragm. ap. Non. 275, 18: cum lubentissime edis, Favorin. ap. Gell. 15, 8, 2: libentissime dare, Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 27, § 63; id. Leg. 2, 1, 1; Sen. Ep. 30, 9.
    Hence also,
    1. 2. lĭbĭtus, a, um, P. a.; only plur. as subst.: lĭbĭta, ōrum, n., lit., the things that please, one’s pleasure, will, liking, humor (Tacitean): sua libita exercebant, Tac. A. 6, 1: ad libita Caesarum, id. ib. 12, 6: ad libita Pallantis, id. ib. 14, 2.

1. lībo, āvi, ātum, 1, v. a. [root λιβ-, λειβω, λοιβή; cf. Līber, delibutus, etc.], to take a little from any thing.

  1. I. Lit.
    1. A. In gen.: libare gramina dentibus, to crop, Calp. Ecl. 5, 51.
    2. B. In partic.
      1. 1. To take a taste of a thing, to taste: jecur, Liv. 25, 16: pocula Bacchi, Verg. A. 3, 354: flumina libant Summa leves, to sip, id. G. 4, 54.
        1. b. Poet., to touch a thing: cibos digitis, Ov. A. A. 1, 577: summam celeri pede libat harenam, id. M. 10, 653: cellulae limen, Petr. 136: oscula alicujus, to kiss, Verg. A. 1, 256.
      2. 2. To pour out in honor of a deity, to make a libation of any thing: duo rite mero libans carchesia Baccho, Verg. A. 5, 77: carchesia patri, Val. Fl. 5, 274: Oceano libemus, Verg. G. 4, 381: in mensam laticum libavit honorem, id. A. 1, 740: pateris altaria libant, sprinkle, id. ib. 12, 174: sepulcrum mei Tlepolemi tuo luminum cruore libabo, App. M. 8, p. 206 fin.
        1. b. To pour out or forth: rorem in tempora nati, Val. Fl. 4, 15.
      3. 3. To pour out as an offering, to offer, dedicate, consecrate: certasque fruges certasque bacas sacerdotes publice libanto, Cic. Leg. 2, 8, 19: diis dapes, Liv. 39, 43: uvam, Tib. 1, 11, 21: frugem Cereri, Ov. M. 8, 274: noluit bibere, sed libavit eam (aquam) Domino, Vulg. 2 Reg. 23, 16.
        Absol., to offer libations: libant diis alienis, Vulg. Jer. 7, 18: Domino, id. 2 Reg. 23, 16: cum solemni die Jovi libaretur, Gell. 12, 8, 2.
        So poet.: carmen aris, Prop. 4 (5), 6, 8: Celso lacrimas libamus adempto, Ov. P. 1, 9, 41.
      4. 4. To lessen, diminish, impair by taking away: ergo terra tibi libatur et aucta recrescit, Lucr. 5, 260; id. 5, 568: virginitatem, Ov. H. 2, 115: vires, Liv. 21, 29.
  2. II. Trop., to take out, cull, extract from any thing (rare but class.): ex variis ingeniis excellentissima quaeque libavimus, Cic. Inv. 2, 2, 4; cf. id. Tusc. 5, 29, 82: qui tuo nomini velis ex aliorum laboribus libare laudem, Auct. Her. 4, 3, 5: libandus est etiam ex omni genere urbanitatis facetiarum quidem lepos, Cic. de Or. 1, 34, 159: a qua (natura deorum) haustos animos et libatos habemus, id. Div. 1, 49, 110: unde (i. e. ex divinitate) omnes animos haustos, aut acceptos, aut libatos haberemus, id. ib. 2, 11, 26: neque ea, ut sua, possedisse, sed ut aliena libāsse. id. de Or. 1, 50, 218.
    1. B. To learn something of, acquire superficially: sed eum (informamus) qui quasdam artes haurire, omnes libare debet, Tac. Dial. 31 fin.