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arcŭ-ballista (better than balista), ae, f. [arcus], a ballista furnished with a bow; only Veg. Mil. 2, 15; 4, 22.

* arcŭballistārĭus (balist-), ii, m. [arcuballista], he that shoots with an arcuballista, Veg. Mil. 4, 21.

B, b, indecl. n., designates, in the Latin alphabet, the soft, labial sound as in English, unlike the Gr. beta (B, β), which approached the Engl. v in sound; v. Corss. Ausspr. I. p. 124 sqq. At the beginning of words it represents an original dv or gv, and elsewhere an original gv, p, v, or bh (v); v. Corss. Ausspr. I. pp. 134, 161. It corresponds regularly with Gr. β, but freq. also with π, and, in the middle of words, with φ; cf. brevis, βραχύς; ab, ἀπό; carbasus, κάρπασος; ambo, ἀμφί, ἄμφω; nubes, νέφος, etc.; v. Roby, Gram. I. p. 26; Kühner, Gram. § 34, 6. In Latin, as in all kindred languages, it was used in forming words to express the cry of different animals, as balare, barrire, baubari, blacterare, boare, bombitare, bubere, bubulare; children beginning to talk called their drink bua; so, balbus denoted the stammering sound, bambalio the stuttering, blatire and blaterare the babbling, blaesus the lisping, blandus the caressing. At the beginning of words b is found with no consonants except l and r (for bdellium, instead of which Marc. Emp. also wrote bdella, is a foreign word); but in the middle of words it is connected with other liquid and feeble consonants. Before hard consonants b is found only in compounds with ob and sub, the only prepositions, besides ab, which end in a labial sound; and these freq. rejected the labial, even when they are separated by the insertion of s, as abspello and absporto pass into aspello and asporto; or the place of the labial is supplied by u, as in aufero and aufugio (cf. ab init. and au); before f and p it is assimilated, as suffero, suppono; before m assimilated or not, as summergo or submergo; before c sometimes assimilated, as succedo, succingo, sometimes taking the form sus (as if from subs; cf. abs), as suscenseo; and sometimes su before s followed by a consonant, as suspicor. When b belonged to the root of a word it seems to have been retained, as plebs from plebis, urbs from urbis, etc.; so in Arabs, chalybs ( = Ἄραψ, χάλυψ), the Gr. ψ was represented by bs; as also in absis, absinthi-um, etc. But in scripsi from scribo, nupsi from nubo, etc., b was changed to p, though some grammarians still wrote bs in these words; cf. Prisc. pp. 556, 557 P.; Vel. Long. pp. 2224, 2261 ib. Of the liquids, l and r stand either before or after b, but m only before it, with the exception of abmatertera, parallel with the equally anomalous abpatruus (cf. ab init. and fin.), and n only after it; hence con and in before b always become com and im; as inversely b before n is sometimes changed to m, as Samnium for Sabinium and scamnum for scabnum, whence the dim. scabellum. B is so readily joined with u that not only acubus, arcubus, etc., were written for acibus, arcibus, etc., but also contubernium was formed from taberna, and bubile was used for bovile, as also in dubius ( = δοιός, duo) a b was inserted. B could be doubled, as appears not only from the foreign words abbas and sabbatum, but also from obba and gibba, and the compounds with ob and sub. B is reduplicated in bibo (cf the Gr. πίω), as the shortness of the first syllable in the preterit bĭbi, compared with dēdi and stĕti or sti/ti, shows; although later bibo was treated as a primitive, and the supine bibitum formed from it. Sometimes before b an m was inserted, e. g. in cumbo for cubo κύπτω, lambo for λάπτω, nimbus for νέφος; inversely, also, it was rejected in sabucus for sambucus and labdacismus for lambdacismus. As in the middle, so at the beginning of words, b might take the place of another labial, e. g. buxis for pyxis, balaena for φάλαινα, carbatina for carpatina, publicus from poplicus, ambo for ἄμφω; as even Enn. wrote Burrus and Bruges for Pyrrhus and Phryges; Naev., Balantium for Palatium (v. the latter words, and cf. Fest. p. 26).
In a later age, but not often before A.D. 300, intercourse with the Greeks caused the pronunciation of the b and v to be so similar that Adamantius Martyrius in Cassiod. pp. 2295-2310 P., drew up a separate catalogue of words which might be written with either b or v. So, Petronius has berbex for verbex, and in inscrr., but not often before A. D. 300, such errors as bixit for vixit, abe for ave, ababus for abavus, etc. (as inversely vene, devitum, acervus, vasis instead of bene, debitum, acerbus, basis), are found; Flabio, Jubentius, for Flavio, Juventius, are rare cases from the second century after Christ.
The interchange between labials, palatals, and linguals (as glans for βάλανος, bilis for fel or χολή) is rare at the beginning of words, but more freq. in the middle; cf. tabeo, τήκω, and Sanscr. tak, terebra and τέρετρον, uber and οὖθαρ; besides which the change of tribus Sucusana into Suburana (Varr. L. L. 5, § 48 Müll.; Quint. 1, 7, 29) deserves consideration. This interchange is most freq. in terminations used in forming words, as ber, cer, ter; brum or bulum, crum or culum, trum, bundus and cundus; bilis and tilis, etc.
Finally, the interchange of b with du at the beginning of words deserves special mention, as duonus for bonus, Bellona for Duellona, bellum for duellum, bellicus for duellicus, etc., and bis from duis.
As an abbreviation, B usually designates bonus or bene. Thus, B. D. = Bona Dea, Inscr. Orell. 1524; 2427; 2822: B. M. = bene merenti, ib. 99; 114; 506: B. M. P. = bene merenti posuit, ib. 255: B. D. S. M. = bene de se meritae, ib. 2437: B. V. V. = bene vale valeque, ib. 4816: B. M. = bonae memoriae, ib. 1136; 3385: B. M. = bonā mente, ib. 5033; sometimes it stands for beneficiarius, and BB. beneficiarii, ib. 3489; 3868; 3486 al.

Bā̆al, m., indecl. [??] (lord), a Syrian deity: Bāal, Prud. Apoth. 393: Băal, Sedul. 5, 147; Vulg. 3 Reg. 18, 19 sqq.

† băbae or păpae, interj., = βαβαί or παπαί, an exclamation of wonder and joy, odds bodkins! wonderful! strange!

  1. I. Form babae: huic babae! basilice te intulisti et facete, Plaut. Pers. 5, 2, 25; so id. Ps. 1, 3, 131; id. Cas. 5, 2, 26; id. Ep. 1, 1, 52; v. under II.; Petr. 37, 9.
  2. II. Form papae: Ep. Cadum tibi veteris vini propino. St. Papae! Plaut. Stich. 3, 1, 24; 5, 7, 3; id. Rud. 5, 2, 33; id. Bacch. 2, 2, 29; id. Men. 5, 5, 20; Ter Eun. 2, 1, 23; 2, 2, 48; 3, 1, 26.

Babba, ae, f., a town in Mauritania, called, as a Roman colony, Julia Campestris, Plin. 5, 1, 1, § 5.

Babel, ēlis, f., the capital city of Assyria, Aug. Civ. Dei, 16, 3, 11; cf. Vulg. Gen. 11, 9.

Babĭa, ae, f., a town of Lower Italy, Plin. 14, 6, 8, § 69.

Babilus, i, m., an astronomer of the time of Nero, Suet. Ner. 36.

Babullĭus, ii, m., a rich friend of Cœsar, Cic. Att. 13, 48, 1.

babŭlus, i, m., a babbler, fool (late Lat.), App. M 4, p. 149, 7.

‡ baburrus, a, um, foolish, silly, Isid. Orig. 10, 31.

* Băbylo, ōnis, m. (prob. from Babylon, a Babylonian, foreigner), the name of a slave, Ter. Ad. 5, 7, 17 (acc. to others, a man of Oriental wealth and luxury, a nabob; cf. Bentl. ad loc.).

Băbylōn, ōnis, f.

    (
  1. I. gen. Gr. Babylonos, Claud. IV. Cons. Hon. 653; acc. Gr. Babylona, Prop. 3 (4), 11, 21; Mart. 9, 76; Plin. 6, 26, 30, §§ 120 and 124), = Βαβυλών, Babylon, the ancient and renowned chief city of Babylonia, on both sides of the Euphrates, whose ruins are found at Hille, in Irak Arabi, Mel. 1, 11, 2; Plin. 6, 26, 30, § 121 sq.; Curt. 5, 6, 9; Cic. Div. 1, 23, 47; 2, 67, 139; Ov. P. 2, 4, 27; Nep. Eum. 2, 1; Vitr. 8, 3, 8; Vulg. Gen. 10, 10.
  2. II. Derivv.
    1. A. Băbylō-nĭa, ae, f., = Βαβυλωνία.
      1. 1. The Syrian province, named after its capital, Babylon, between the Euphrates and Tigris, Babylonia; in a more extended sense, sometimes used for all Syria, Assyria, and Mesopotamia; now Irak Arabi, Mel. 1, 11, 1; Plin. 6, 26, 30, § 117 sqq.; Curt. 5, 1, 43; 8, 3, 17; Just. 20, 4, 3; Vulg. 1 Macc. 6, 4.
      2. 2. For Babylon, the city Babylon, Just. 1, 2, 7; 12, 13, 6; cf. Liv. 38, 17, 11; Plin. 6, 26, 30, § 122; Curt. 4, 6, 20.
    2. B. Băbylōnĭus, a, um, adj., Babylonian (pertaining as well to the city Babylon as to Babylonia): miles, Plaut. Truc. 2, 5, 19: Euphrates, Ov. M. 2, 248: moenia, Luc. 6, 50: arx, Curt. 5, 1, 25: Seleucia, situated in Babylonia, Plin. 6, 27, 31, §§ 129 and 133: juncus (produced in the region of Babylon, of particular excellence), id. 21, 18, 72, § 120.
      Subst.: Băbylōnĭi, ōrum, m., the Babylonians, Cic. Div. 2, 46; Curt. 5, 1, 25; 5, 1, 38; Just. 13, 4, 23; Vulg. 4 Reg. 17, 30 al.
      1. 2. In fem. sing. Babylonia, a Babylonian woman, Ov. M. 4, 44; 4, 99.
        And, since Babylonia was the primitive seat of astronomy and astrology, Babylonii numeri, Hor. C. 1, 11, 2 (cf. Cic. Div. 2, 47. 98: Chaldaicae rationes); and appel. for skilled in astronomy and astrology: me creat Archytae suboles Babylonius Horops, Prop. 4 (5), 1, 77.
    3. C. Băbylōnĭcus, a, um, adj., = Babylonius, Babylonian: peristromata (skilfully woven and inwrought with figures; cf. Plin. 8, 48, 74, § 196); Plaut. Stich. 2, 2, 53; so, picta superbe texta, Mart. 8, 28, 17.
      Hence, subst.: Băbylōnĭca, ōrum (more rare in sing. Băbylōnĭ-cum, i, Publ. Syr. ap. Petr. 35, 3), n., Babylonian coverings or tapestry, Lucr. 4, 1026; so Dig. 34, 2, 26; cf. Fest. s. v. solla, p. 298 Müll.: pelles, coming from Babylonia (a tribute in the time of the emperors), Dig. 39, 4, 16, § 7.
      With reference to astrology (cf. II. B.): doctrina, Lucr. 5, 726.
    4. D. Băbylōnĭensis, e, adj., = Babylonius, Babylonian (only in Plaut.): miles, Truc. 1, 1, 66; 1, 2, 100; 2, 4, 38.
    5. E. Băbylō-nĭăcus, a, um, adj., = Babylonius, Babylonian: undae, i. e. the Euphrates, Manil. 4, 578.

bāca (less correctly bacca), ae, f. [acc. to Benfey, for bacsa, kindred with Sanscr. bhaksh, edere, vorare; cf. also bhaxa, food; but v. Vani[cbreve]ek, Etym. Wörterb. 2, p. 561], a small round fruit, a berry.

  1. I. Lit.
    1. A. In gen. (cf.: acinus, glans): virgas murteas cum bacis servare, Cato, R. R. 101; Ov. M. 11, 234: lauri, Verg. G. 1, 306: tinus, Ov. M. 10, 98: ebuli, Verg. E. 10, 27: cupressi, Plin. 16, 27, 50, § 115: platani, id. 15, 7, 7, § 29: hyssopi, id. 26, 12, 76, § 124 al.
    2. B. Esp. freq. the olive: agricola cum florem oleae videt, bacam quoque se visurum putat, Cic. Div. 2, 6, 16; Hor. S. 2, 4, 69; id. Ep. 1, 16, 2; Ov. M. 6, 81; 8, 295; cf. Mart. 13, 101.
    3. C. Esp., absol., in the poets of the olive, Hor. C. 2, 6, 16: quot Sicyon bacas, quot parit Hybla favos, Ov. P. 4, 15, 10.
      As sacred to Minerva: ponitur hic bicolor sincerae baca Minervae, Ov. M. 8, 664; 13, 653.
      And of the fruit of the wild olive-tree, Ov. M. 14, 525; cf. Verg. G. 2, 183.
  2. II. Transf.
    1. A. In gen., any fruit of a tree, * Lucr. 5, 1363: arbores seret diligens agricola, quarum aspiciet bacam ipse numquam, Cic. Tusc. 1, 14, 31: fruges terrae, bacaeque arborum, id. Div. 1, 51, 116; so id. Sen. 2, 5: rami bacarum ubertate incurvescere, id. poët. ap. Tusc. 1, 28, 69 (Trag. Rel. inc. inc. v. 135 Rib.); cf. id. de Or. 3, 38, 154: semen inclusum est in intimā parte earum bacarum, quae ex quāque stirpe funduntur, id. N. D. 2, 51, 127: fruges atque bacae, id. Leg. 1, 8, 25: felices, Sil. 15, 535.
    2. B. That which is like a berry in shape.
      1. 1. A pearl: marita, quae Onusta bacis ambulet, Hor. Epod. 8, 14: aceto Diluit insignem bacam, id. S. 2, 3, 241; so Ov. M. 10, 116; 10, 265; Verg. Cul. 67; Claud. IV. Cons. Hon. 592; id. Nupt. Hon. et Mar. 167; id. Laud. Stil. 2, 88; id. VI. Cons. Hon. 528.
      2. 2. The dung of sheep or goats, Pall. Jan. 14, 3.
      3. 3. A link of a chain in the shape of a berry, Prud. στεφ. 1, 46; so id. Psych. prooem. 33.

* bācālĭa, ae. f. [baca], a kind of laurel abounding in berries, Plin. 15, 30, 39, § 129.

bācālis, e, adj. [baca], bearing berries: laurus, Plin. 17, 10, 11, § 60.

bacalusĭa, ae, f., a kind of sweetmeat, Petr. 41 init. (dub.; cf. Büchel. ad loc.).

Bacānal, v. Bacchanal init.

‡ bacar, a wine-vessel similar to the bacrio, a wine-glass, Fest. p. 25; cf. Commod. p. 344.

bācātus, a, um, Part. of a verb not otherwise in use, bāco, āre [baca, II. B. 1.], set or adorned with pearls, pearl- (very rare): monile, * Verg. A. 1, 655; Sil. 8, 134; Lampr. Alex. Sev. 41.

bacca, baccālis, etc., v. baca, bacalis, etc.

† baccar (bacchar), ăris, n. (baccăris, is, f., Plin. 12, 12, 26, § 45), = βάκχᾰρις, a plant having a fragrant root, from which an oil was expressed; also called nardum rusticum (cf. Plin. 12, 12, 26, § 45); acc. to Sprengel it is the Celtic valerian: Valeriana Celtica. Linn.; Plin. 21, 6, 16, § 29; Verg. E. 4, 19 (baccar herba est, quae facinum depellit, Serv.); 7, 27.

1. Baccha (old orthog. Baca; v. S. C. Bacch.; Bacca, Plaut. Aul. 3, 1, 4 Wagn.; Bacche, Ov. Tr. 4, 1, 41), ae, f., = Βάκχη; cf. also Μαινάς or Θυϊάς,

  1. I. a Bacchanet, a female attendant of Bacchus, who, in company with Silenus and the Satyrs, celebrated the festival of that deity with a raving madness carried even to insensibility, with an ivy crown upon her head, a fawn-skin upon her left shoulder, a staff wound with ivy in her hand, and with hair loose and flying wildly about, Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 71; id. Aul. 3, 1, 3; id. Cas. 5, 4, 9; id. Bacch. 3, 1, 4; 1, 1, 19; Varr. L. L. 7, § 87 Müll.; Ov. M. 4, 25; 6, 587 sq.; 9, 642; 11, 89; id. Tr. l. l.; id. H. 10, 48; id. F. 6, 507; Prop. 3 (4), 22, 33; Luc. 5, 74 (Matres Edonides, Ov. M. 11, 69; v. Bacchus).
    Represented in paintings: Bacchas istas cum Musis Metelli comparas, Cic. Fam. 7, 23, 2: Bacchis initiare aliquem, to initiate into the festivals of Bacchus, Liv. 39, 9, 4 Weissenb. ad loc.; 39, 10, 2; 39, 14, 8.
    In a pun with Bacchis (q. v. II.): quia Bacchis, Bacchas metuo et Bacchanal tuom, Plaut. Bacch. 1, 1, 19; cf. id. ib. 3, 1, 4; v. Bacchis.
    Hence,
  2. II. Deriv.: Bacchēus, a, um, adj., = Βάκχειος, relating to the Bacchœ or Bacchantes, Bacchantian: vox, Col. 10, 223: sanguis, spilt by them, Stat. Th. 1, 328: bella, id. ib. 12, 791.

‡ 2. Baccha, ae, f., a kind of Spanish wine, Varr. L. L. 7, § 87 Müll.

bacchābundus, a, um, adj. [bacchor], revelling in the manner of the Bacchantes, boisterous, noisy, ranting, raving (post-Aug. and rare; cf. bacchans): agmen, Curt. 9, 10, 27; App. Mag. p. 326, 8.

Bacchaeus = Baccheus, v. Bacchus, II. C.

Bacchānal (old orthog. Bacānal, v. S. C. Bacch. A. V. C. 568, Wordsworth, Fragm. and Spec. p. 172: baccānal, Plaut. Aul. 3, 1, 3), ālis, n. [from Bacchus, like Fagutal, Frutinal, Lupercal, etc.; v. App. 1 to the Pref.],

  1. I. a place devoted to Bacchus, the place where the festivals of Bacchus were celebrated: NE QVIS EORVM BACANAL HABVISE VELET, S. C. Bacch. v. 4: EA BACANALIA … IN DIEBVS X … FACIATIS VTEI DISMOTA SIENT, ib. v. 28: ad Baccas veni in Baccanal, Plaut. Aul. 3, 1, 3: aperire, id. ib. 8: Bacchanalia, Liv. 39, 18, 7.
  2. II. Transf., in the plur.: Bacchānālia, ium (gen. sometimes Bacchananorum, Sall. H. 3, 79 Dietsch; Firm. Mat. Err. Prof. Relig. 6, 9), a feast of Bacchus, the orgies of Bacchus (diff. from the Roman festival of Liber; v. Liberalia); celebrated once in three years, at night, and in the most tumultuous and licentious manner (cf. Smith, Antiq.); hence, prohibited in Rome, A.U.C. 568, B.C. 186, by a decree of the Senate, Senatusconsultum de Bacchanalibus, which is yet preserved (v. Wordsworth, Fragm. and Spec. p. 172 sq.); Liv. 39, 9, 3; 39, 12, 4; 39, 16, 10; 39, 18, 7 sq.; 39, 41, 6; Cic. Leg. 2, 15, 37; Tac. H. 2, 68.
    Rarely in sing.: Bacchanal facere, Plaut. Mil. 3, 2, 43 Lorenz ad loc.; id. Bacch. 1, 1, 20; so, exercere, id Suppos Amph Tun’ me mactes? v. 12: habere, in the abovementioned S. C.
    Poet.: Bacchanalia vivere, to live in the manner of the Bacchantes, to live riotously and wantonly, Juv. 2, 3.

Bacchānālis, e, adj. [Bacchus], relating to Bacchus, Bacchanalian: sacra, Val. Max. 1, 3, n. 1: festum = Bacchanalia, Macr. S. 1, 4; Aur. Vict. Caes. 3.

bacchar and bacchăris, v. baccar.

Baccharia, ae, f., the name of a lost play of Plautus, Macr. S. 2, 12.

* bacchātim, adv. [bacchor], in the manner of the Bacchœ or Bacchantes, in a riotous, wanton manner, App. M. 1, p. 108, 3.

bacchātĭo, ōnis, f. [bacchor].

  1. I. A celebrating of the orgies of Bacchus, Hyg. Fab. 4; 8.
    Hence.
  2. II. A revelling, raving, in the manner of the Bacchœ (rare): sileatur de nocturnis ejus baccationibus ac vigiliis, * Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 12, § 33.

Bacchēĭs, ĭdis, adj. f., of or pertaining to Bacchis, the ancestor of the Corinthian Bacchiadœ; hence, poet. for Corinthian: Ephyres Baccheidos altum Culmen, i. e. Corinth, Stat. S. 2, 2, 34.

Bacchēĭus, a, um, v. 1. Bacchus, II. D.

Bacchēus, a, um.

  1. I. Of Bacchus, Bacchic; v.1. Bacchus, II. C.
  2. II. Bacchantian; v.1. Baccha fin.

‡ bacchĭa, ae, f., a kind of drinking vessel, a goblet, bowl, Isid. Orig. 20, 5, 4.

Bacchĭădae, ārum, m., = Βακχιάδαι, the Bacchiadœ, a very ancient royal family of Corinth, descended from Bacchis, one of the Heraclidœ, which, being expelled from the throne by Cypselus, wandered to Sicily, and founded Syracuse, Ov. M. 5, 407; Plin. 35, 12, 43, § 152 (cf. Aelian, V. H. 1, 19; Pausan. Corinth. p. 120; Strabo, 8, p. 260).

Bacchĭcus, v. 1. Bacchus, II. A.

Bacchĭlĭdĭum (metrum) constat dimetro (troch.) hypercatalecto, ut est hoc: floribus corona texitur, Serv. Centim. p. 1819 P.

Bacchis, ĭdis, f., = Βακχίς.

  1. I. = 1. Baccha, q. v.
  2. II. The name of a woman in the Hec. and Heaut. of Terence; and, in plur., Bacchides, the name of a comedy of Plautus (derived from the twin sisters, Bacchides, the chief personages of the piece): Bacchides non Bacchides, set Bacchae sunt acerrumae, Plaut. Bacch. 3, 1, 4.

* Bacchĭsŏnus, a, um, adj. [Bacchussono], sounding of Bacchus, Paul. Nol. Nat. XI. S. Fel. 281 Murat.

1. Bacchĭus, a, um, v.1. Bacchus, II. B.

2. Bacchīus, a, um, v.1. Bacchus, II. E.

3. Bacchīus, ii, m., = Βάκχειος, a Greek proper name; esp.,

  1. I. Bacchius Milesius, a writer on agriculture, Varr. R. R. 1, 1, 8; Col. 1, 1, 9.
  2. II. (Scanned Bacchĭus.) A gladiator, Hor. S. 1, 7, 20.

bacchor, ātus (part. pres. gen. plur. bacchantum; v. I. fin. infra), 1, v. dep. [Bacchus].

  1. I. Lit., to celebrate the festival of Bacchus: Baccha bacchans, Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 71: saxea ut effigies bacchantis prospicit Evoe, i. e. which cries Evoe in the orgies, Cat. 64, 61; 64, 255: cum aliquo, Plin. 3, 1, 3, § 8.
    Hence, P. a. as subst.: bacchan-tes, um, f., Bacchae, the Bacchantes: passis Medea capillis Bacchantum ritu, Ov.M. 7, 258; 3, 703; Curt. 8, 10, 15; gen. Bacchantium, id. 9, 10, 24.
    1. B. Pass. (as in later Gr. βακχεύεσθαι, βακχευθῆναι) of the place in which the orgies of Bacchus were celebrated: virginibus bacchata Lacaenis Taygeta, Verg. G. 2, 487 Heyn.: bacchata jugis Naxos, id. A. 3, 125: Dindyma sanguineis famulum bacchata lacertis, Val. Fl. 3, 20: ita obsoletum sono furenter ab omni parti bacchatur nemus, Santra ap. Non. p. 78, 28: ululatibus Ide bacchatur, Claud. Rapt. Pros. 1, 206.
  2. II. Transf., in gen., to revel, rave, rant, like the Bacchœ (of every species of mental excitement, love, hatred, joy, etc.; mostly poet. and in more elevated prose): quibus gaudiis exsultabis? quantā in voluptate bacchabere? Cic. Cat. 1, 10, 26: furor in vestrā caede bacchantis, id. ib. 4, 6, 11; id. Har. Resp. 18, 39: non ego sanius Bacchabor Edonis, Hor. C. 2, 7, 26; Col. poët. 10, 198; * Suet. Calig. 56; Claud. Laud. Stil. 2, 213; id. VI. Cons. Hon. 192.
    Of murderous fury: tantā in illos caede bacchati sunt, Vulg. Judic. 20, 25.
    So of poet. inspiration, Stat. S. 1, 2, 258; and with carmen as object: grande Sophocleo carmen bacchamur hiatu, Juv. 6, 636; cf.: furebant Euhoe bacchantes, raving to the cry of Euhoe, Cat. 64, 255; 64, 61.
    Also, to go or run about in a wanton, wild, raving, or furious manner: animans Omne, quod in magnis bacchatur montibu’ passim, * Lucr. 5, 822: saevit inops animi, totamque incensa per urbem Bacchatur, Verg. A. 4, 301 ( = discursitat, Heyne): immanis in antro Bacchatur vates, raves, is inspired, id. ib. 6, 78; 7, 385: infelix virgo totā bacchatur in urbe, id. Cir. 166.
    Hence,
    1. B. Transf. to inanimate things, to be furious, rage with fury, etc., to be impetuous, etc.
      1. 1. So of a vessel of wine that is filled very often: ubi bacchabatur aula, casabant cadi, Plaut. Mil. 3, 2, 41 Lorenz ad loc.
      2. 2. Of winds: Thracio bacchante magis sub interlunia vento, Hor. C. 1, 25, 11; Ov. Tr. 1, 2, 29.
        Of violent rain, Val. Fl. 6, 632.
      3. 3. Of a rumor: concussam bacchatur fama per urbem, spreads rapidly, Verg A. 4, 666.
      4. 4. Of enthusiastic, raging discourse: quod eos, quorum altior oratio actioque esset ardentior furere et bacchari arbitraretur, Cic. Brut. 80, 276: vitiosum dicendi genus, quod inanibus locis bacchatur, etc., Quint. 12, 10, 73.

1. Bacchus, i, m., = Βάκχος,

  1. I. son of Jupiter and a Theban woman, Semele, Tib. 3, 4, 45; Ov. F. 6, 485: bis genitus (since, as Semele died before his birth, he was carried about by Jupiter in his hip until the time of his maturity), Curt. 8, 10, 12, Ov. Tr. 5, 3, 26; cf. id. M. 3, 310, and bimatris, id. ib. 4, 12; v. also Cic. Fl. 26, 60; Verg. G. 4, 521; the god of wine (as such also called Liber, the deliverer, Lyæus (λύειν), the care-dispeller; cf. Enn. ap. Charis. p. 214 P., or Trag. Rel. v. 149 Vahl.; cf Hor. Epod. 9, 38; as intoxicating and inspiring, he is god of poets, esp. of the highly inspired, Ov. Am. 3, 1, 23; 3, 15, 17; id. Tr. 5, 3, 33 sq.; Hor. C. 2, 19, 1; Juv. 7, 64; who wore crowns of ivy, which was consecrated to him, Ov. Tr. 5, 3, 15: Bacchica verba (poëtae), id ib. 1, 7, 2.
    He was worshipped esp. in Thrace and Macedonia, and particularly upon Mount Edon, Hor. C. 2, 7, 27; hence, the Bacchæ are called matres Edonides, Ov. M. 11, 69; id. Tr. 4, 1, 42; v. also Liber.
    Bacchus, in the most ancient times, is represented as a god of nature by a Phallic Herma (v. such a statue in O. Müll. Denkm. 4); in the class. per. in the form of a beautiful youth (Tib. 1, 4, 37; Ov. F. 3, 773), with a crown of vine leaves or ivy upon his head, and sometimes with small horns upon his forehead (id. ib. 3, 481; 3, 767; 6, 483); hence, corymbifer, Ov. F. 1, 393; Tib. 2, 1, 3; Paul. ex Fest. s. v. cornua, p. 37 Müll.; his soft hair fell in long ringlets upon his shoulders (depexus crinibus, Ov. F. 3, 465; cf. id. M. 3, 421); with the exception of a fawn’s skin (νεβρίς) thrown around him, he was usually represented naked, but with high and beautiful buskins, the Dionysian cothurni, upon his feet; in his hand he, as well as his attendants (a satyr, Silenus, and the Bacchæ), carried the thyrsus (id. F. 3, 764; cf. id. M. 4, 7 sq.); cf. O. Müll. Arch. § 383.
    1. B. Meton.
      1. 1. The cry or invocation to Bacchus, lo Bacche! audito Baccho, Verg. A. 4, 302.
      2. 2. The vine: apertos Bacchus amat colles, Verg. G. 2, 113; Manil. 5, 238; Luc. 9, 433; Col. 10, 38; cf. fertilis, Hor. C. 2, 6, 19.
      3. 3. Wine: Bacchi quom flos evanuit, Lucr. 3, 222: madeant generoso pocula Baccho, Tib. 3, 6, 5: et multo in primis hilarans convivia Baccho, Verg. E. 5, 69; so id. G. 1, 344; 4, 279; id. A. 5, 77; Hor. C. 3, 16, 34; Ov. M. 4, 765; 6, 488; 7, 246; 7, 450; 13, 639; cf.: Bacchi Massicus umor. Verg. G. 2, 143.
  2. II. Hence, derivv.
    1. A. Bac-chĭcus, a, um, adj., = Βακχικος, of Bacchus, Bacchic: serta, Ov. Tr. 1, 7, 2; Mart. 7, 62: buxus, Stat. Th. 9, 479: Naxos, id. Achill. 2, 4: ritus, Macr. S. 1, 18: metrum, Diom. p. 513 P.
    2. B. Bacchĭus, a, um, adj., = Βάκχιος, of Bacchus: sacra, Ov. M. 3, 518.
    3. C. Bacchēus, a, um, adj., = Βάκχειος, Bacchic: ululatus, Ov. M. 11, 17: sacra, the feast of Bacchus, id. ib. 3, 691: cornua, Stat. Th. 9, 435.
    4. D. Bacchēĭ-us, a, um, the same: dona, i. e. wine, Verg. G. 2, 454 (prob. a spurious verse; v. Forbig. ad loc.).
    5. E. Bacchīus, a, um, adj., Bacchic: pes, a metrical foot, a Bacchius, ––⏑ (e. g. Rōmānŭs), Ter. Maur. p. 2414 P., although others reverse this order; v. Quint. 9, 4, 82; Ascon. Div. in Caecil. 7; Don. p. 1739 P.

2. Bacchus, i, m., a sea-fish, also called myxon, Plin. 9, 17, 28, § 61; 32, 7, 25, § 77; 32, 11, 53, § 145.

Bacchylĭdēs, is, m., = Βακχυλίδης, a Greek lyric poet of Ceos, a nephew of Simonides, who lived about 470 B.C., Amm. 25, 4, 3.
Hence, Bacchylĭdĭus, a, um, adj., of Bacchylides: metrum, Serv. Centim. 2, 5, p. 1819 P.

* bacciballum (basioballum), i, n., a word of uncertain meaning, found only in Petr. 61.

baccĭfer, v. bacifer.

baccīna, ae, f., a plant, also called Apollinaris, App. Herb. 22.

Băcēnis (Βακέννη), a great forest in Germany; doubtless the western part of the Thuringian Forest, in Fulda, Caes. B. G. 6, 10.

* bacĕŏlus, used by Augustus for stultus [prob. from βάκηλος ὁ ἀνόητος, Hesych.], acc. to Suet. Aug. 87.

bācĭfer, fĕra, fĕrum, adj. [baca-fero].

  1. I. Bearing berries: taxus, Plin. 16, 10, 20, § 50 (al. leg. bacas fert): hedera, Sen. Oedip. 414.
  2. II. Acc. to baca, I. B., bearing olives: Pallas, Ov. Am. 2, 16, 8: Sabinus, Sil. 3, 596.

băcillum, i, n. (băcillus, i, m., Isid. Orig. 20, 13, 1) dim. [baculus],

  1. I. a small staff, a wand, Cic. Fin. 2, 11, 33; id. Div. 1, 17, 30 dub.; Varr. R. R. 1, 50, 2; Juv. 3, 28.
  2. II. Esp., the wand or staff of the lictor: anteibant lictores, non cum bacillis, sed cum fascibus, Cic. Agr. 2, 34, 93.

1. Bacis, ĭdis, m. (Βάκις, ιδος, Pausan.), a soothsayer of Bœotia, Cic. Div. 1, 18, 34.

2. Bacis (Bacchis, Pacis), acc. Bacem, a sacred bull, worshipped at Hermonthis in Upper Egypt, Macr. S. 1, 21.

‡ bacrio, ōnis, m., a kind of vessel with a long handle, a ladle: i. q. trulla, Paul. ex Fest. p. 31 Müll.

Bactra, ōrum (Bactrum, i, Plin. 6, 16, 18, § 48), n., = Βάκτρα,

  1. I. the chief city of Bactria or Bactriana, now Balkh, Verg. G. 2, 138; Prop. 3 (4), 1, 16; 3, 11 (4, 10), 26; Hor. C. 3, 29, 28; Curt. 7, 4, 31; cf. Sil. 13, 764; Amm. 23, 6, 58.
    Transf., = Bactri, the Bactrians, Verg. A. 8, 688.
  2. II. Derivv.
    1. A. Bactri, ōrum, m., the inhabitants of Bactriana, Mel. 1, 2, 5; Varr. ap. Plin. 6, 17, 19, § 52; Plin. 6, 16, 18, § 48.
    2. B. Bac-trĭa, ae. f., the country of the Bactrians, Bactria, Plin. 8, 18, 26, § 67.
    3. C. Bactrĭ-ānus, a, um, adj.
      1. 1. Relating to the city of Bactra, of Bactra: regio, Curt. 6, 6, 18: arx, id. 9, 7, 2: terra, id. 7, 4, 26: smaragdi, Plin. 37, 45, 17, § 65.
      2. 2. Relating to the kingdom of Bactriana, Bactrian; hence, Bactriāni, ōrum, m., = Bactri, the Bactrians, Plin. 6, 23, 25, § 92; Curt. 7, 4, 13; 7, 4, 20; 7, 4, 25; Tac. A. 11, 8; Amm. 23, 6, 57.
        In sing., collect. for the land of Bactriana, Tac. A. 2, 60.
        Also, Bactriāna, ae, f. (sc. terra), = Bactria, Plin. 12, 9, 19, § 35.
    4. D. Bactrīnus, a, um, adj., Bactrian: camelus, App. M. 7, p. 194, 4.
    5. E. Bac-trĭus, a, um, adj., the same: Halcyoneus, Ov. M. 5, 135.

† bactrŏperita, ae, m. [βάκτρον, a staff—πήρα, pouch], furnished with or carrying staff and pouch; a nickname for a Cynic philosopher, Hier. Matth. 10; cf. Hor. S. 1, 3, 134; Mart. 4, 53.

Bactrum, v. Bactra init.

Bactrus (-ŏs), i, m., = Βάκτρος, a river near Bactra, now Dehas, Curt. 7, 4, 31; Luc. 3, 267; cf. Isid. Orig. 13, 21, 14; 14, 3, 30; 15, 1, 11; 9, 2, 43.

bācŭla, ae, f. dim. [baca], a small berry, Plin. 25, 8, 54, § 96; Arn. 1, p. 2; 2, p. 58; 5, p. 159.

băcŭlum, i, n. (băcŭlus, i, m., rare, and not before the Aug. period; Ov. M. 2, 789; id. F. 1, 177; App. M. 7, p. 194, 30; Aus. Epigr. 53; Isid. Orig. 20, 13, 1; Vulg. Gen. 38, 25; id. Psa. 22, 4; cf. bacillum), [like βάκτρον, from root ba- of βάξω, βιβάξω, βαίνω, to go = Sanscr. ga], a stick, staff, as a support in walking (class.; while scipio is a staff for ornament, and fustis a stick for beating; Doed. Syn. III. p. 266 sqq.; but later used in all these signiff.; cf. bacillum): proximus lictor, Sextius, converso baculo oculos misero tundere coepit, Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 54, § 142: baculum agreste, Ov. M. 15, 655: pastorale, Sil. 13, 334; Ov. M. 8, 218; 14, 655; 15, 659; 6, 27; 8, 693; id. F. 1, 177; Claud. Epigr. 2, 3; 2, 26; 2, 484: baculi crassitudo, Plin. 20, 23, 96, § 255.
So, baculum (-us) et pera, staff and pouch, badges of Cynic philosophers, Mart. 4, 53; App. Mag. p. 288, 6; Aus. Epigr. 53 (cf. bactroperita); Cels. 8, 20; Vitr. 10, 6; Plin. 30, 14, 44, § 129 Gron.; cf.: in baculo me transivi Jordanum istum, i.e. as a poor pilgrim, Vulg. Gen. 32, 10.
Also, the augural staff or lituus, Liv. 1, 18, 7.
A sceptre: baculum aureum (regis) berylli distinguebant, Curt. 9, 1, 30; Flor. 3, 19, 10; cf. id. 4, 11, 3.
And of the sceptre on the stage, in tragic representations, Suet. Ner. 24 Oud.: corpora serpentum baculi violaverat ictu, Ov. M. 3, 325; Col. 2, 20 (21), 4: summa papaverum capita dicitur baculo decussisse, Liv. 1, 54, 6: baculorum subactiones, blows with small staves, sticks, Vitr. 2, 4; 7, 3.

  1. B. In eccl. Lat. from baculus; trop., a support, stay: an speras in baculo arundineo, Vulg. 4 Reg. 18, 21: baculum senectutis nostrae, id. Tob. 10, 4.
    1. 2. As instrument of wrath, rod, Vulg. Isa. 10, 24.

Badĭa, ae, f., a town of Hispania Baetica, now Sa. Maria de Bedoza, Val. Max. 3, 7, 1; called also Budŭa, Itin. Anton. 419.

† bădisso, āre, v.n., = βαδίξω, to go, to walk, Plaut. As. 3, 3, 116 Fleck. (MSS. badizas; v. Ussing ad loc.).

bādītis, ĭdis, f., the name of a plant, = nymphaea, Marc. Emp. 33.

bădĭus, a, um, adj., brown, chestnutcolored (rare; only of horses), Varr. ap. Non. p. 80, 2; Pal. Mart. 13, 4; Grat. Cyn. 536.

Baduhennae lūcus, a forest in the north of Germany, in Friesland (perh. now Hold Pade), Tac. A. 4, 73.

Baebĭus, a, um, adj., the name of a Roman gens, e. g.,

    1. 1. M. Baebius, Cic. Pis. 36, 88.
    2. 2. Q. Baebius Tampilus, Cic. Phil. 5, 10, 27; Liv. 40, 17, 8 Drak.; v. also Val. Max. 1, 1, 12; 7, 2, 6.
    3. 3. G. Baebius, Sall. J. 33, 2; 34, 1.
      Whence, Baebia lex de praetoribus creandis, Liv. 40, 44, 2; cf. Fest. s. v. rogat, p. 233.

Baecŭla, ae, f.

  1. I. A small town in Spain, on the borders of Bœtica, now Baylen, Liv. 27, 18, 1; 28, 13, 16.
  2. II. Another town in Spain, on the Ebro, in the territory of the Ausetani, Βαίκυλα, Ptol.
    Hence, Baecŭlōnenses, ium, m., the inhabitants of Baecula, Plin. 3, 3, 4, § 23.

Baetĭcātus, a, um, adj. [Baetis], clothed in Bœtican wool, Mart. 1, 97, 5.

Baetĭcŏla, ae, adj. [Baetis-colo], dwelling on the river Bœtis, Sil. 1, 146.

Baetĭgĕna, ae, adj. [Baetis-gigno], born on the Bœtis: viri, Sil. 9, 234.

Baetis (Bĕtis, Paul. Nol. Carm. ad Aus. 10, 236), is, m. (acc. Baetin, Plin. 3, 1, 3, § 12 (al. Baetim); Mart. 9, 62, 2; Claud. Fesc. 12, 31; Mall. Theod. 285; Claud. Laud. Stil. 2, 238:

  1. I. BAETEM, Inscr. Grut. 153, 4; abl. Baete, Liv. 28, 22, 1: Baeti (al. Baete), Plin. 3, 1, 3, § 13; Amm. 23, 6, 21), = Βαῖτις, a river in Southern Spain, called by the inhabitants Certis, now Guadalquivir, Liv. 28, 16, 2; Mel. 3, 1, 5; Plin. 3, 1, 3, §§ 7 and 13.
  2. II. Deriv.: Baetĭcus, a, um, adj., on or belonging to the Bœtis: provincia, Tac. H. 1, 53: regiones, Col. 1, pr. 20: vocabulum, id. 5, 1, 5: oves, id. 7, 2, 4: lana, Mart. 12, 65, 4; Juv. 12, 40.
    1. B. Subst.: Baetĭca, ae, f., = Βαιτική, the province of Bœtica, lying on the Bœtis, in Southern Spain, distinguished for its excellent wool, now Andalusia and a part of Granada, Mel. 2, 6, 3; 2, 4, 7; 3, 1, 6; 3, 6, 1; Plin. 3, 1, 3, § 7; 11, 37, 76, § 196; Tac. H. 1, 78 al.
      Hence,
      1. 2. Adj.: Baetica lana, Plin. 8, 48, 73, § 191: lacernae, made of the Bœtican wool, Mart. 14, 133.
        Baetĭci, ōrum, m., the inhabitants of Bœtica, Plin. Ep. 1, 7.

Baetŭlo, ōnis, m., a river of Hispania Tarraconensis, now the Besos, Plin. 3, 3, 4, § 22; Mel. 2, 6, 3.

† baetŭlus (bēt-), i, m., = βαίτυλος, a precious stone, round and of a dark color, a species of ceraunia, Plin. 37, 9, 51, § 135.

Baetūrĭa, ae, f., = Βαιτουρία, Bœturia, the north-west part of Hispania Baetica, between the Bœtis and Anas, Plin. 3, 1, 3, § 13.

Bagada, ae, f., a town of Ethiopia, Plin. 6, 29, 35, § 178.

Bagaudae, ārum, m., a class of peasants in Gaul, who rebelled under the emperor Diocletian, and were finally conquered by Maximian, Aur. Vict. Caes. 39; Eutr. 9, 20.
Hence, Bagaudĭca rebellio, rebellion of the peasants, Eum. pro Restaur. Schol. 4.

†† Băgōus, i, and Băgōas, ae, m., = Βαγῶος and Βαγώας [Persian], a eunuch at the Persian court: Bagou (gen. Gr. = Βαγώου), Plin. 13, 4, 9, § 41.
Form Bagoas, Quint. 5, 12, 21.
Hence, any guard of women, Ov. Am. 2, 2, 1.

Băgrăda, ae, m., = Βαγράδας, a river in Zeugitana, in Africa, near Utica, now Mejerdah, Caes. B. C. 2, 24; 2, 26; Liv. 30, 25, 4; Mel. 1, 7, 2; Plin. 5, 4, 3, § 24; 8, 14, 14, § 36; Luc. 4, 588; its frequent overflow fertilized its banks, Sil. 6, 141 sqq.

baia, ae, f. [Copt. bai, whence βάϊς], a palm-branch, Hier. Jovin. 3, 18.

Bāiae (dissyl.), ārum, f., = Βαἷαι,

  1. I. a small town in Campania, on the coast between Cumœ and Puteoli, a favorite resort of the Romans on account of its warm baths and pleasant situation; acc. to the fable, built by one of the companions of Ulysses (Serv. ad Verg. A. 3, 441; cf. Strabo, 5, p. 376): homo durus ac priscus invectus est in eos, qui mense Aprili apud Balas essent et aquis calidis uterentur, Cic. Fragm. in Clod. 4, 1; id. Fam. 9, 12; Prop. 1, 11, 1; 1, 11, 27; 3 (4), 18, 2; Hor. C. 2, 18, 20; 3, 4, 24; id. Ep. 1, 1, 83; 1, 15, 2 sqq.; 1, 15, 12; Sen. Ep. 56, 1 sqq.; also called Aquae Cumanae, Liv. 41, 16, 3.
    Adj.: Baiae aquae, Prop. 1, 11, 30.
    1. B. Meton., for any wateringplace, Cic. Cael. 16, 38; so id. ib. 15, 35; 20, 47; 20, 49; Mart. 10, 13, 3; so Tib. 3, 5, 3 Huschk.
  2. II. Deriv.: Baiānus, a, um, adj., belonging to Baiœ, of Baiœ, Baian: sinus, Plin. 2, 103, 106, § 227: lacus, id. 14, 6, 8, § 61: negotia, Cic. Att. 14, 8, 1: murex, from the sea-coast, Hor. S. 2, 4, 32: soles, Mart. 6, 43: Lucrinus, the Lucrine lake, situated near Baiœ, id. 13, 82 al.
    1. B. Subst.: Baiānum, i, n., the region of Baiœ, the Baian territory, Varr. R. R. 3, 17, 9; Plin. 9, 8, 8, § 24; 9, 54, 79, § 168.

‡ bājŭlātĭo, ōnis, f. [bajulo], = βασταγμός, a carrying of burdens, Gloss. Vet.

‡ bājŭlātor, ōris, m. [bajulo], = βαστακτής, ἀχθοφόρος, a carrier, porter, Gloss. Cyril.

* bājŭlātōrĭus, a, um, adj. [bajulator], of or belonging to a carrier: sella, a sedan, Cael. Aur. Acut. 1, 11: sessio, id. ib. 1, 15, 133.

bājŭlo, āre, v. a. [bajulus],

  1. I. to carry a burden, to bear something heavy, βαστάξω (mostly ante-and post-class.): ferri proprie dicimus quae quis suo corpore bajulat, portari ea, quae quis in jumento secum ducit, agi ea, quae animalia sunt, Dig. 50, 16, 235; Non. p. 79, 9; Plaut. As. 3, 3, 70; id. Merc. 3, 1, 10: asinus bajulans sarcinas, Phaedr. 4, 1, 5; Auct. ap. Quint. 6, 1, 47; Vulg. Marc. 14, 13.
  2. II. Trop.: adjectionem debiti alieni, Cod. Th. 5, 15, 3: crucem suam, Vulg. Luc. 14, 27.

bājŭlus, i, m. [kindr. with φέρω, fero; Engl. bear; and with Germ. Bahre, Bürde; cf. Doed. Syn. I. p. 151, and bajulo],

  1. I. he who bears burdens (for pay), a porter, carrier, day-laborer, βαστακτής: quod genus Graeci ἀχθοφόρους vocant, Latine bajulos appellamus, Gell. 5, 3, 1: bajulos dicebant antiqui, quos nunc dicimus operarios, Paul. ex Fest. p. 35 Müll.; Plaut. Poen. 5, 6, 17; Caecil. ap. Cic. de Or. 2, 10, 40: utrum de bonis est quaerendum, quid bajuli atque operarii, an quid homines doctissimi senserint? Cic. Par. 3, 2; so id. Brut. 73, 257: litterarum bajulus, Symm. Ep. 5, 7; Hier. Ep. 15 ad Damas. 5: stercorum, Firm. Math. 8, 20.
  2. II. Esp., in late Lat.,
    1. A. A bearer at a funeral, Amm. 14, 7, 17; Sid. Ep. 3, 12; Aug. Ep. 19 ad Hier. 2; cf.: vespillones dicti sunt bajuli, Fulg. Expos. Serm. p. 558.
    2. B. A letter-carrier, Hier. Ep. 6 ad Julian. 1; Cod. Th. 2, 27, 1, § 2; cf.: boni nuntii, Vulg. 2 Reg. 18, 22.

† bālaena (bālēna), ae, f., = φάλαινα, Engl. whale (cf. Fest. p. 25, and the letter B.), a whale, Plaut. Rud. 2, 6, 61; Plin. 9, 8, 7, § 21; 9, 13, 15, § 41; 11, 40, 95, § 235; Ov. M. 2, 9; Juv. 10, 14; Aus. Mos. 144.

bālaenācĭus (bālēn-), a, um, adj. [balaena], of whalebone: virga, Petr. 21, 2.

bălănātus, a, um, adj. [balanus, II. 3.], anointed or perfumed with balsam, embalmed, Pers. 4, 37; cf. Prisc. p. 836 P.

† bălănĭnus, a, um, adj., = βαλάνινος, made or prepared from the fruit of the balsam (v. balanus, II. 3.): oleum, Plin. 13, 1, 2, § 8.

† bălănītes, ae, m., = βαλανίτης (acornshaped), an unknown precious stone, Plin. 37, 10, 55, § 149; Isid. Orig. 16, 15, 10.

† bălănĭtis, ĭdis, f., = βαλανῖτις, skaped like an acorn: castanea, Plin. 15, 23, 25, § 93.

† bălănus, i, f. and rarely m. (masc., Plin. 13, 4, 9, § 48; 15, 23, 25, § 93; Metell. ap. Macr. S. 2, 9; cf. Rudd. I. p. 31), = βάλανος.

  1. I. Lit., an acorn: glans, Plin. 16, 6, 8, § 21; 17, 20, 34, § 151; 13, 4, 9, § 42.
  2. II. Transf.
    1. A. Any fruit of similar form.
      1. 1. A kind of large chestnut, Plin. 15, 23, 25, § 93.
      2. 2. The Phœnician and Cilician date, Plin. 13, 4, 9, § 48.
      3. 3. A nut yielding a balsam; the Arabian behen- or ben-nut: Hyperanthera semidecandra, Vahl. (called myrobalanus, Plin. 12, 21, 46, § 100; 22, 20, 23, § 49): pressa tuis balanus capillis, Hor. C. 3, 29, 4.
        Also for the tree itself, Plin. 13, 9, 17, § 61.
    2. B. In gen., any object in the form of an acorn.
      1. 1. Medic. t., a suppository, Plin. 20, 5, 20, § 43; 24, 6, 21, § 31; 26, 8, 34, § 54; Cael. Aur. Acut. 2, 12.
      2. 2. A shell-fish, a species cf sea-mussel, Col. 8, 16, 7; Plin. 32, 11, 53, § 145; Plaut. Rud. 2, 1, 8; Metell. ap. Macr. S. 2, 9.

1. bălā̆tro, ōnis, m. [2. blatero]; lit., a babbler; hence, a jester, one who makes sport, a buffoon (it seems to have desig-nated a class of actors, perh. a harlequin, jester, or something similar): mendici, mimae, balatrones, hoc genus omne, Hor. S. 1, 2, 2; Vop. Carin. 21.
Facetè, in Varr. as a designation of his friends when in dispute, Varr. R. R. 2, 5, 1 Schneid.

2. Bălā̆tro, ōnis, m. nom. prop., cognomen of Servilius, Hor. S. 2, 8, 21; 2, 8, 33; 2, 8, 40; 2, 8, 64; 2, 8, 83; cf.: in modum rustici Balatronis, Hier. Ep. 153; cf. scurra.

bālātus, ūs, m. [balo], the bleating of sheep, Lucr. 2, 369: agni Balatum exercent, Verg. A. 9, 62; id. G. 3, 554; Ov. M. 7, 319; 7, 320; Stat. Th. 10, 46.
Also in plur., Ov. M. 7, 540.
Of the bleating of goats, Plin. 20, 14, 55, § 156; Aus. Epigr. 76, 3.

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