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vinco, vīci, victum, 3, v. a. and n. [perh. causat. of root ικ-; Gr. εἴκω, to yield; but cf. per-vicax; v. Curt. Gr. Etym. p. 106], to conquer, overcome, get the better of, defeat, subdue, vanquish, be victorious, etc. (syn.: supero, debello).

  1. I. Lit.
    1. A. In war or battle: jus esse belli, ut qui vicissent, iis, quos vicissent, quemadmodum vellent, imperarent, etc., Caes. B. G. 1, 36: Carthaginienses navalibus pugnis, Cic. Imp. Pomp. 18, 55: Galliam bello, Caes. B. G. 1, 34 fin.: non virtute neque in acie vicisse Romanos, id. ib. 7, 29: id vi et virtute militum victum atque expugnatum oppidum est, Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 36: vicimus vi feroces, id. ib. 1, 1, 82: aio te, Aeacida, Romanos vincere posse, Enn. ap. Cic. Div. 2, 56, 116 (Ann. v. 186 Vahl.): sicut fortis equus, spatio qui saepe supremo Vicit Olympia, Enn. ap. Cic. Sen. 5, 14 (Ann. v. 442 ib.): aliquando ut vincat, ludit assidue aleam, Poët. ap. Suet. Aug. 70 fin.: L. milia, to win at play, August. ib. 71.
    2. B. In a lawsuit, etc., to be successful, to gain: vincere judicio, Cic. Rosc. Com. 18, 53: quem tu horum nil refelles, vincam scilicet, Ter. Phorm. 1, 2, 82; Hor. S. 1, 2, 134: causam suam, to win, Ov. H. 16, 76.
      Pass.: factum est: ventum est: vincimur, Ter. Phorm. 1, 2, 85.
    3. C. In other relations, to win, prevail, be successful, gain, overcome: sponsione, Cic. Quint. 27, 84: sponsionem, id. Caecin. 31, 91: vicit iter durum pietas, controlled, made easy, Verg. A. 6, 688; cf. Mart. 5, 23, 5; Claud. Cons. Hon. 46: labor omnia vicit, Verg. G. 1, 145; cf. difficultates, Auct. B. G. 8, 21: virgam, to win, Verg. A. 6, 148: vicit tamen in Senatu pars illa, quae, etc., Sall. J. 16, 1: factione respectuque rerum privatarum … Appius vicit, Liv. 2, 30, 2: cum in senatu vicisset sententia, quae, etc., id. 2, 4: Othonem vincas volo, to outbid (in an auction), Cic. Att. 13, 29, 2; 13, 33, 2.
      To defeat as a candidate for office: competitorem in suffragiis, Quint. 7, 1, 29.
    4. D. Transf., of inanimate subjects.
      1. 1. To overcome, overwhelm, prevail over, etc.: (naves) neu turbine venti Vincantur, Verg. A. 9, 92: victa ratis, Ov. Tr. 1, 4, 12: flammam gurgitibus, id. Am. 3, 6, 42: noctem flammis, Verg. A. 1, 727: vincunt aequora navitae, prevail against, get the better of, Hor. C. 3, 24, 41: victaque concessit prisca moneta novae, Ov. F. 1, 222: quernaque glans victa est utiliore cibo, id. ib. 1, 676: corpora victa sopore, id. ib. 1, 422; cf.: blanda quies furtim victis obrepsit ocellis, id. ib. 3, 19: hi casses (linei) vel ferri aciem vincunt, Plin. 19, 1, 2, § 11: campum turbā vincente, overflowing, Sil. 6, 390.
      2. 2. To outlast, survive: (aesculus) Multa virum volvens durando saecula vincit, Verg. G. 2, 295: vivendo mea fata, id. A. 11, 160.
      3. 3. To surmount, scale: aëra (sagittae), Verg. G. 2, 123; cf.: montes ascensu, Claud. III. Cons. Hon. 46.
      4. 4. To reduce, change, etc.; of cooking: nec viscera quisquam … potest vincere flammā, Verg. G. 3, 560: cochleas undis calefactas et prope victas, Ser. Samm. Med. 319.
        Of smelting ores: metallorum primitiae nullis fornacibus victae, Tac. H. 4, 53.
        Of melting snow: nive, quae zephyro victa tepente fluit, Ov. F. 2, 220.
        Of digestion: pervigilio quidem praecipue vincuntur cibi, Plin. 11, 53, 118, § 283.
  2. II. Trop.
    1. A. In gen., to prevail, be superior; to convince, refute, constrain, overcome, etc.: argumentis vincit, Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 267: naturam studio, Caes. B. G. 6, 43: vincit ipsa rerum publicarum natura saepe rationem, Cic. Rep. 2, 33, 57; cf. id. ib. 3, 8, 13: si subitam et fortuitam orationem commentatio et cogitatio facile vincit; hanc ipsam profecto assidua ac diligens scriptura superabit, id. de Or. 1, 33, 150: sapientis animus vincetur et expugnabitur? id. Par. 4, 1, 27: animum, Plaut. Trin. 2, 2, 29: non est consentaneum, qui invictum se a labore praestiterit, vinci a voluptate, Cic. Off. 1, 20, 68: labascit, victu’st, uno verbo, quam cito! Ter. Eun. 1, 2, 98: eludet, ubi te victum senserit, id. ib. 1, 1, 10: illius stultitiā victa ex urbe tu migres? id. Hec. 4, 2, 13: adulescentulus saepe eadem audiendo victus est, id. Heaut. 1, 1, 62: peccavi, fateor, vincor, id. ib. 4, 1, 31: victus patris precibus lacrimisque, Liv. 23, 8, 4: divūm pater victus tuis vocibus, Hor. C. 4, 6, 21: est qui vinci possit, id. S. 1, 9, 55: pietas Victa furore, id. C. 3, 27, 36: victus amore pudor, Ov. Am. 3, 10, 29: filia victa in lacrimas, Tac. A. 1, 57: victus animi respexit, Verg. G. 4, 491: triumphantes de lege victā et abrogatā, Liv. 34, 3, 9.
      With ut: ergo negatum, vincor, ut credam miser, am constrained, compelled, Hor. Epod. 17, 27.
    2. B. In partic.
      1. 1. To overmatch in some quality, to surpass, exceed, excel, = superare: stellarum globi terrae magnitudinem facile vincebant, Cic. Rep. 6, 16, 16: opinionem vicit omnium, quae, etc., id. Ac. 2, 1, 1: exspectationem omnium, id. Verr. 2, 5, 5, § 11: eam (noctem) edepol etiam multo haec (nox) vicit longitudine, Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 125: morum immanitate vastissimas vincit beluas, Cic. Rep. 2, 26, 48: quamlibet mulierculam Vincere mollitiā, Hor. Epod. 11, 24: odio qui posset vincere Regem, id. S. 1, 7, 6: scribere, quod Cassi opuscula vincat, id. Ep. 1, 4, 3; cf.: qualia (praecepta) vincunt Pythagoran, id. S. 2, 4, 2.
        Poet. with inf.: vir nulli victus vel ponere castra vel junxisse ratem, etc., excelled by none in pitching a camp, etc., Sil. 5, 552; 6, 141.
      2. 2. To prove triumphantly, show or demonstrate conclusively.
          1. (α) With obj.-clause: quid nunc? vincon’ argumentis te non esse Sosiam? Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 277: profecto ita esse, et praedico, vero vincam, id. Most. 1, 2, 12: vince deinde, bonum virum fuisse Oppianicum, Cic. Clu. 44, 124: dicendo vincere non postulo, Matius ap. Cic. Fam. 11, 28, 4: vincet enim stultos ratio insanire nepotes, Hor. S. 2, 3, 225.
          2. (β) With ut: nec vincet ratio hoc, tantundem ut peccet idemque Qui, etc., Hor. S. 1, 3, 115.
          3. (γ) Absol.: si doceo non ab Avito, vinco ab Oppianico, Cic. Clu. 23, 64.
      3. 3. With respect to something disputed, to prevail, gain one’s point, carry the day. So only in the expressions,
        1. a. Vicimus: cui si esse in urbe tuto licebit, vicimus, Cic. Att. 14, 20, 3: rumpantur iniqui. Vicimus: assiduas non tulit illa preces, Prop. 1, 8, 28: vicimus exclamat; mecum mea vota feruntur, Ov. M. 6, 513: vicimus et meus est, id. ib. 4, 356.
        2. b. Vincite, viceris, vincerent, have it your own way, just as you like, carry your point, an expression of reluctant assent: vincite, si ita vultis, Caes. B. G. 5, 30; Ov. M. 8, 509: vincerent ac sibi haberent, dummodo scirent, Suet. Caes. 1 fin.: viceris, Ter. And. 5, 3, 21.
      4. 4. To treat worthily, set forth with dignity (poet.): nec sum animi dubius, verbis ea vincere magnum Quam sit, Verg. G. 3, 289; cf.: vincere verbis, Lucr. 5, 733.

vīvo, vixi, victum, 3 (pluperf. subj. syncop. vixet, Verg. A. 11, 118), v. n. [Sanscr. giv-, givami, live; Gr. βίος, life; Goth. quius, living; Germ. quicken; Engl. quick], to live, be alive, have life (syn. spiro).

  1. I. Lit.
    1. A. In gen.: Ca. Eho, tua uxor quid agit? Me. Immortalis est. Vivit victuraque est, Plaut. Trin. 1, 2, 18: valet atque vivit (gnatus), Ter. Heaut. 3, 1, 21: nemo’st hominum qui vivat minus, id. Eun. 4, 6, 19; id. Ad. 3, 2, 34: vivere ac spirare, Cic. Sest. 50, 108: is demum mihi vivere atque frui animā videtur, qui, etc., Sall. C. 2, 9.
      With acc. of time: et pueri annos octingentos vivont … Quin mille annorum perpetuo vivont ab saeclo ad saeclum, Plaut. Mil. 4, 2, 85; 4, 2, 87: Nemo est tam senex, qui se annum non putat posse vivere, Cic. Sen. 7, 24: vixi Annos bis centum, Ov. M. 12, 187: Aufidius vixit ad summam senectutem, Cic. Brut. 48, 179: ad centesimum annum, id. Sen. 6, 19: ad vesperum, id. ib. 19, 67: triginta annis, id. Off. 3, 2, 8: negat Epicurus, jucunde posse vivi, nisi cum virtute vivatur, live pleasantly unless we live virtuously, id. Tusc. 3, 20, 49.
      Subst.: vīventes, ium, the living (opp. mortui), Lact. 5, 19, 25; 5, 3, 25.
      With a homogeneous object: modice et modeste melius est vitam vivere, Plaut. Pers. 3, 1, 18; cf. Ter. Ad. 5, 4, 5; Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 47, § 118; id. Clu. 61, 170: tamne tibi diu videor vitam vivere? Plaut. Mil. 3, 1, 34: Bacchanalia vivunt, Juv. 2, 3.
      Pass.: nunc tertia vivitur aetas, Ov. M. 12, 187.
      Transf., of things: et vivere vitem et mori dicimus, Cic. Fin. 5, 14, 39; cf. id. Tusc. 1, 24, 56: saepes, Varr. R. R. 1, 14, 2: oleae, Plin. 16, 44, 90, § 241: cinis, Ov. R. Am. 732: ignes, id. F. 3, 427: picturatum opus, lives, Claud. IV. Cons. Hon. 589.
    2. B. In partic.
      1. 1. To survive, be still alive (mostly in secondary tenses): quas inimicitias si tam cavere potuisset, quam metuere solebat, viveret, would be still alive, Cic. Rosc. Am. 6, 17: is jam pridem mortuus est: si viveret, verba ejus audiretis, id. ib. 14, 42: Mustius dixisset, si viveret, id. Verr. 2, 1, 53, § 139: si viveret Hortensius cetera fortasse desideraret, id. Brut. 2, 6: si viveret, mihi cum illo nulla contentio jam maneret, id. Att. 14, 13, B, 4; id. Fam. 12, 1, 1: dixisti paulum tibi esse etiam nunc morae, quod ego viverem, id. Cat. 1, 4, 9; cf. id. Red. Quir. 4, 10: utinam L. Caesar valeret, Serv. Sulpicius viveret, id. Phil. 8, 7, 22: constitueram, neminem includere in dialogos eorum, qui viverent, id. Att. 13, 19, 3: divinat enim, quae futura fuerint, si Philippus vixisset, Liv. 41, 24, 4; cf.: quid Philippus, si vixisset, facturus fuerit, id. 41, 24, 5: qui censor fuisset, vetustissimusque ex iis, qui viverent, censoriis esset, id. 23, 22, 10; cf.: hic tamen vivit. Vivit? Immo vero etiam in senatum venit, Cic. Cat. 1, 1, 2: vivis; et vivis non ad deponendam sed ad confirmandam audaciam, id. ib. 1, 2, 4.
      2. 2. Euphemistically, vixit, he is done with life, he is dead: vixisse nimio satiu’st jam quam vivere, Plaut. Bacch. 1, 2, 43; cf. id. Most. 4, 3, 10.
      3. 3. Ita vivam, as true as I live, as a formula of asseveration: nam, ita vivam, putavi, Cic. Fam. 2, 13, 3; 2, 16, 20; id. Att. 5, 15, 2; Sen. Ep. 82, 11 al.
      4. 4. Ne vivam si, may I not live if, may I die if; as a form of asseveration: quid poteris, inquies, pro iis dicere? Ne vivam, si scio, Cic. Att. 4, 16, 8; id. Fam. 7, 23 fin.
      5. 5. Si vivo, if I live, a formula of menacing: erit ubi te ulciscar, si vivo, Plaut. Ps. 5, 2, 26; id. Cas. 1, 1, 27; Ter. And. 5, 2, 25; id. Eun. 5, 5, 20.
      6. 6. In the phrases,
        1. a. Alicui vivere, to live for a person: haec qui misit, non sibi soli postulat Te vivere et suā causā excludi ceteros, Ter. Eun. 3, 2, 28; cf.: si tibi soli viveres, Cic. Marcell. 8, 25; cf.: secum vivere, II. B. infra.
        2. b. In diem vivere, from hand to mouth, for the present hour, Cic. de Or. 2, 40, 169; id. Tusc. 5, 11, 33; id. Phil. 2, 34, 86; cf.: hi, qui in horam viverent, id. ib. 5, 9, 25.
        3. c. De lucro vivere, a life that is clear gain, i. e. at the mercy of another, Cic. Fam. 9, 17, 1.
    3. C. Pregn.
      1. 1. To live well, live at ease, enjoy life: quod me cohortaris ad ambitionem et ad laborem, faciam quidem: sed quando vivemus? Cic. Q. Fr. 3, 1, 4, § 12: vivite lurcones, comedones, vivite ventres, Lucil. ap. Non. p. 11, 8; Varr. ib. p. 156, 13; Cat. 5, 1; Hor. C. 3, 29, 43; id. Ep. 1, 6, 66.
        Hence, in bidding farewell: vive valeque, Hor. S. 2, 5, 110; id. Ep. 1, 6, 67 al.; cf.: vivite, silvae, fare ye well, Verg. E. 8, 58.
      2. 2. Like our to live, for to last, endure, remain, be remembered (mostly poet.): vivet extento Proculeius aevo … Illum aget Fama superstes, Hor. C. 2, 2, 5: per omnia saecula famā vivam, Ov. M. 15, 879: mea semper gloria vivet, Cic. poët. ap. Gell. 15, 6, 3: tacitum vivit sub pectore vulnus, Verg. A. 4, 67: spirat adhuc amor Vivuntque commissi calores Aeoliae fidibus puellae, Hor. C. 4, 9, 11; cf. id. ib. 1, 32, 3: carmina, id. Ep. 1, 19, 2: scripta, Ov. Tr. 1, 7, 25: das nostro nomen victurum amori, id. Am. 3, 1, 65: odia, Stat. Th. 12, 441: mihi quidem Scipio, quamquam est subito ereptus, vivit tamen semperque vivet, Cic. Lael. 27, 102: vivit vivetque semper, atque etiam latius in memoriā hominum et sermone versabitur, postquam ab oculis recessit, Plin. Ep. 2, 1, 11; Sen. Ben. 3, 5, 2.
  2. II. Transf.
    1. A. To live on any thing or in any manner, i. e. to support life; to sustain or maintain one’s self: stirpibus palmarum vivere, Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 50, § 131: piscibus atque ovis avium vivere, Caes. B. G. 4, 10 fin.: lacte atque pecore, id. ib. 4, 1; 5, 14: cortice ex arboribus, id. B. C. 3, 49: coriis herbisque et radicibus vivere, Liv. 23, 30, 3: herbis Vivis et urticā, Hor. Ep. 1, 12, 8: siliquis et pane secundo, id. ib. 2, 1, 123: parvo, id. S. 2, 2, 1: rapto, Verg. A. 7, 749: de vestro, Plaut. Truc. 5, 61: misere, id. Aul. 2, 4, 36: parcius, Hor. S. 1, 3, 49: suaviter, id. Ep. 1, 8, 4: bene, id. ib. 1, 6, 56; 1, 11, 29: rapto, Liv. 7, 25, 13; 27, 12, 5: verbum vivere quidam putant ad cibum pertinere, Dig. 50, 16, 234.
      Impers. pass.: vivitur ex rapto, Ov. M. 1, 144.
      Trop.: (sunt) in eo studia illa nostra, quibus antea delectabamur, nunc etiam vivimus, Cic. Fam. 13, 28, a, 2.
    2. B. To live, i. e. to pass one’s life, to reside, dwell, be in any place or manner (cf.: vitam dego): Rhodi, Cic. Fam. 4, 7, 4: extra urbem, id. Brut. 74, 258: Cypri, Nep. Chabr. 3, 4: in litteris vivere, Cic. Fam. 9, 26, 1; id. Sen. 11, 38: in maximā celebritate atque in oculis civium, id. Off. 3, 1, 3: in paupertate, id. Part. Or. 18, 63: in humilitate, Lact. 7, 9, 17: cum timore, Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 14, 3: unis moribus et numquam mutatis legibus, Cic. Fl. 26, 63: e naturā, id. Fin. 3, 20, 68: convenienter naturae, id. ib. 3, 7, 26; id. Off. 3, 3, 13: valde familiariter cum aliquo, id. Att. 6, 6, 2; cf.: Hirtius vivit habitatque cum Balbo, id. ib. 14, 20, 4: cum Pansā vixi in Pompeiano, id. ib.: ecquis me vivit hodie fortunatior? Ter. Eun. 5, 8, 1: ego vivo miserrimus, Cic. Att. 3, 5: viveret in terris te si quis avarior uno, Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 157: illā sorte Contentus vivat, id. S. 1, 1, 3.
      Prov.: secum vivere, to live for one’s self, care only for one’s self, Cic. Sen. 14, 49.
      Impers. pass.: quoniam vivitur non cum perfectis hominibus, sed, etc., Cic. Off. 1, 15, 46.