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Victa, ae, f. [2. victus], the goddess that presides over food, Arn. 3, 115.
vinco, vīci, victum, 3, v. a. and n. [perh. causat. of root ικ-; Gr. εἴκω, to yield; but cf. per-vicax; v. Curt. Gr. Etym. p. 106], to conquer, overcome, get the better of, defeat, subdue, vanquish, be victorious, etc. (syn.: supero, debello).
- I. Lit.
- A. In war or battle: jus esse belli, ut qui vicissent, iis, quos vicissent, quemadmodum vellent, imperarent, etc., Caes. B. G. 1, 36: Carthaginienses navalibus pugnis, Cic. Imp. Pomp. 18, 55: Galliam bello, Caes. B. G. 1, 34 fin.: non virtute neque in acie vicisse Romanos, id. ib. 7, 29: id vi et virtute militum victum atque expugnatum oppidum est, Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 36: vicimus vi feroces, id. ib. 1, 1, 82: aio te, Aeacida, Romanos vincere posse, Enn. ap. Cic. Div. 2, 56, 116 (Ann. v. 186 Vahl.): sicut fortis equus, spatio qui saepe supremo Vicit Olympia, Enn. ap. Cic. Sen. 5, 14 (Ann. v. 442 ib.): aliquando ut vincat, ludit assidue aleam, Poët. ap. Suet. Aug. 70 fin.: L. milia, to win at play, August. ib. 71.
- B. In a lawsuit, etc., to be successful, to gain: vincere judicio, Cic. Rosc. Com. 18, 53: quem tu horum nil refelles, vincam scilicet, Ter. Phorm. 1, 2, 82; Hor. S. 1, 2, 134: causam suam, to win, Ov. H. 16, 76.
Pass.: factum est: ventum est: vincimur, Ter. Phorm. 1, 2, 85.
- C. In other relations, to win, prevail, be successful, gain, overcome: sponsione, Cic. Quint. 27, 84: sponsionem, id. Caecin. 31, 91: vicit iter durum pietas, controlled, made easy, Verg. A. 6, 688; cf. Mart. 5, 23, 5; Claud. Cons. Hon. 46: labor omnia vicit, Verg. G. 1, 145; cf. difficultates, Auct. B. G. 8, 21: virgam, to win, Verg. A. 6, 148: vicit tamen in Senatu pars illa, quae, etc., Sall. J. 16, 1: factione respectuque rerum privatarum … Appius vicit, Liv. 2, 30, 2: cum in senatu vicisset sententia, quae, etc., id. 2, 4: Othonem vincas volo, to outbid (in an auction), Cic. Att. 13, 29, 2; 13, 33, 2.
To defeat as a candidate for office: competitorem in suffragiis, Quint. 7, 1, 29.
- D. Transf., of inanimate subjects.
- 1. To overcome, overwhelm, prevail over, etc.: (naves) neu turbine venti Vincantur, Verg. A. 9, 92: victa ratis, Ov. Tr. 1, 4, 12: flammam gurgitibus, id. Am. 3, 6, 42: noctem flammis, Verg. A. 1, 727: vincunt aequora navitae, prevail against, get the better of, Hor. C. 3, 24, 41: victaque concessit prisca moneta novae, Ov. F. 1, 222: quernaque glans victa est utiliore cibo, id. ib. 1, 676: corpora victa sopore, id. ib. 1, 422; cf.: blanda quies furtim victis obrepsit ocellis, id. ib. 3, 19: hi casses (linei) vel ferri aciem vincunt, Plin. 19, 1, 2, § 11: campum turbā vincente, overflowing, Sil. 6, 390.
- 2. To outlast, survive: (aesculus) Multa virum volvens durando saecula vincit, Verg. G. 2, 295: vivendo mea fata, id. A. 11, 160.
- 3. To surmount, scale: aëra (sagittae), Verg. G. 2, 123; cf.: montes ascensu, Claud. III. Cons. Hon. 46.
- 4. To reduce, change, etc.; of cooking: nec viscera quisquam … potest vincere flammā, Verg. G. 3, 560: cochleas undis calefactas et prope victas, Ser. Samm. Med. 319.
Of smelting ores: metallorum primitiae nullis fornacibus victae, Tac. H. 4, 53.
Of melting snow: nive, quae zephyro victa tepente fluit, Ov. F. 2, 220.
Of digestion: pervigilio quidem praecipue vincuntur cibi, Plin. 11, 53, 118, § 283.
- II. Trop.
- A. In gen., to prevail, be superior; to convince, refute, constrain, overcome, etc.: argumentis vincit, Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 267: naturam studio, Caes. B. G. 6, 43: vincit ipsa rerum publicarum natura saepe rationem, Cic. Rep. 2, 33, 57; cf. id. ib. 3, 8, 13: si subitam et fortuitam orationem commentatio et cogitatio facile vincit; hanc ipsam profecto assidua ac diligens scriptura superabit, id. de Or. 1, 33, 150: sapientis animus vincetur et expugnabitur? id. Par. 4, 1, 27: animum, Plaut. Trin. 2, 2, 29: non est consentaneum, qui invictum se a labore praestiterit, vinci a voluptate, Cic. Off. 1, 20, 68: labascit, victu’st, uno verbo, quam cito! Ter. Eun. 1, 2, 98: eludet, ubi te victum senserit, id. ib. 1, 1, 10: illius stultitiā victa ex urbe tu migres? id. Hec. 4, 2, 13: adulescentulus saepe eadem audiendo victus est, id. Heaut. 1, 1, 62: peccavi, fateor, vincor, id. ib. 4, 1, 31: victus patris precibus lacrimisque, Liv. 23, 8, 4: divūm pater victus tuis vocibus, Hor. C. 4, 6, 21: est qui vinci possit, id. S. 1, 9, 55: pietas Victa furore, id. C. 3, 27, 36: victus amore pudor, Ov. Am. 3, 10, 29: filia victa in lacrimas, Tac. A. 1, 57: victus animi respexit, Verg. G. 4, 491: triumphantes de lege victā et abrogatā, Liv. 34, 3, 9.
With ut: ergo negatum, vincor, ut credam miser, am constrained, compelled, Hor. Epod. 17, 27.
- B. In partic.
- 1. To overmatch in some quality, to surpass, exceed, excel, = superare: stellarum globi terrae magnitudinem facile vincebant, Cic. Rep. 6, 16, 16: opinionem vicit omnium, quae, etc., id. Ac. 2, 1, 1: exspectationem omnium, id. Verr. 2, 5, 5, § 11: eam (noctem) edepol etiam multo haec (nox) vicit longitudine, Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 125: morum immanitate vastissimas vincit beluas, Cic. Rep. 2, 26, 48: quamlibet mulierculam Vincere mollitiā, Hor. Epod. 11, 24: odio qui posset vincere Regem, id. S. 1, 7, 6: scribere, quod Cassi opuscula vincat, id. Ep. 1, 4, 3; cf.: qualia (praecepta) vincunt Pythagoran, id. S. 2, 4, 2.
Poet. with inf.: vir nulli victus vel ponere castra vel junxisse ratem, etc., excelled by none in pitching a camp, etc., Sil. 5, 552; 6, 141.
- 2. To prove triumphantly, show or demonstrate conclusively.
- (α) With obj.-clause: quid nunc? vincon’ argumentis te non esse Sosiam? Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 277: profecto ita esse, et praedico, vero vincam, id. Most. 1, 2, 12: vince deinde, bonum virum fuisse Oppianicum, Cic. Clu. 44, 124: dicendo vincere non postulo, Matius ap. Cic. Fam. 11, 28, 4: vincet enim stultos ratio insanire nepotes, Hor. S. 2, 3, 225.
- (β) With ut: nec vincet ratio hoc, tantundem ut peccet idemque Qui, etc., Hor. S. 1, 3, 115.
- (γ) Absol.: si doceo non ab Avito, vinco ab Oppianico, Cic. Clu. 23, 64.
- 3. With respect to something disputed, to prevail, gain one’s point, carry the day. So only in the expressions,
- a. Vicimus: cui si esse in urbe tuto licebit, vicimus, Cic. Att. 14, 20, 3: rumpantur iniqui. Vicimus: assiduas non tulit illa preces, Prop. 1, 8, 28: vicimus exclamat; mecum mea vota feruntur, Ov. M. 6, 513: vicimus et meus est, id. ib. 4, 356.
- b. Vincite, viceris, vincerent, have it your own way, just as you like, carry your point, an expression of reluctant assent: vincite, si ita vultis, Caes. B. G. 5, 30; Ov. M. 8, 509: vincerent ac sibi haberent, dummodo scirent, Suet. Caes. 1 fin.: viceris, Ter. And. 5, 3, 21.
- 4. To treat worthily, set forth with dignity (poet.): nec sum animi dubius, verbis ea vincere magnum Quam sit, Verg. G. 3, 289; cf.: vincere verbis, Lucr. 5, 733.
vīvo, vixi, victum, 3 (pluperf. subj. syncop. vixet, Verg. A. 11, 118), v. n. [Sanscr. giv-, givami, live; Gr. βίος, life; Goth. quius, living; Germ. quicken; Engl. quick], to live, be alive, have life (syn. spiro).
- I. Lit.
- A. In gen.: Ca. Eho, tua uxor quid agit? Me. Immortalis est. Vivit victuraque est, Plaut. Trin. 1, 2, 18: valet atque vivit (gnatus), Ter. Heaut. 3, 1, 21: nemo’st hominum qui vivat minus, id. Eun. 4, 6, 19; id. Ad. 3, 2, 34: vivere ac spirare, Cic. Sest. 50, 108: is demum mihi vivere atque frui animā videtur, qui, etc., Sall. C. 2, 9.
With acc. of time: et pueri annos octingentos vivont … Quin mille annorum perpetuo vivont ab saeclo ad saeclum, Plaut. Mil. 4, 2, 85; 4, 2, 87: Nemo est tam senex, qui se annum non putat posse vivere, Cic. Sen. 7, 24: vixi Annos bis centum, Ov. M. 12, 187: Aufidius vixit ad summam senectutem, Cic. Brut. 48, 179: ad centesimum annum, id. Sen. 6, 19: ad vesperum, id. ib. 19, 67: triginta annis, id. Off. 3, 2, 8: negat Epicurus, jucunde posse vivi, nisi cum virtute vivatur, live pleasantly unless we live virtuously, id. Tusc. 3, 20, 49.
Subst.: vīventes, ium, the living (opp. mortui), Lact. 5, 19, 25; 5, 3, 25.
With a homogeneous object: modice et modeste melius est vitam vivere, Plaut. Pers. 3, 1, 18; cf. Ter. Ad. 5, 4, 5; Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 47, § 118; id. Clu. 61, 170: tamne tibi diu videor vitam vivere? Plaut. Mil. 3, 1, 34: Bacchanalia vivunt, Juv. 2, 3.
Pass.: nunc tertia vivitur aetas, Ov. M. 12, 187.
Transf., of things: et vivere vitem et mori dicimus, Cic. Fin. 5, 14, 39; cf. id. Tusc. 1, 24, 56: saepes, Varr. R. R. 1, 14, 2: oleae, Plin. 16, 44, 90, § 241: cinis, Ov. R. Am. 732: ignes, id. F. 3, 427: picturatum opus, lives, Claud. IV. Cons. Hon. 589.
- B. In partic.
- 1. To survive, be still alive (mostly in secondary tenses): quas inimicitias si tam cavere potuisset, quam metuere solebat, viveret, would be still alive, Cic. Rosc. Am. 6, 17: is jam pridem mortuus est: si viveret, verba ejus audiretis, id. ib. 14, 42: Mustius dixisset, si viveret, id. Verr. 2, 1, 53, § 139: si viveret Hortensius cetera fortasse desideraret, id. Brut. 2, 6: si viveret, mihi cum illo nulla contentio jam maneret, id. Att. 14, 13, B, 4; id. Fam. 12, 1, 1: dixisti paulum tibi esse etiam nunc morae, quod ego viverem, id. Cat. 1, 4, 9; cf. id. Red. Quir. 4, 10: utinam L. Caesar valeret, Serv. Sulpicius viveret, id. Phil. 8, 7, 22: constitueram, neminem includere in dialogos eorum, qui viverent, id. Att. 13, 19, 3: divinat enim, quae futura fuerint, si Philippus vixisset, Liv. 41, 24, 4; cf.: quid Philippus, si vixisset, facturus fuerit, id. 41, 24, 5: qui censor fuisset, vetustissimusque ex iis, qui viverent, censoriis esset, id. 23, 22, 10; cf.: hic tamen vivit. Vivit? Immo vero etiam in senatum venit, Cic. Cat. 1, 1, 2: vivis; et vivis non ad deponendam sed ad confirmandam audaciam, id. ib. 1, 2, 4.
- 2. Euphemistically, vixit, he is done with life, he is dead: vixisse nimio satiu’st jam quam vivere, Plaut. Bacch. 1, 2, 43; cf. id. Most. 4, 3, 10.
- 3. Ita vivam, as true as I live, as a formula of asseveration: nam, ita vivam, putavi, Cic. Fam. 2, 13, 3; 2, 16, 20; id. Att. 5, 15, 2; Sen. Ep. 82, 11 al.
- 4. Ne vivam si, may I not live if, may I die if; as a form of asseveration: quid poteris, inquies, pro iis dicere? Ne vivam, si scio, Cic. Att. 4, 16, 8; id. Fam. 7, 23 fin.
- 5. Si vivo, if I live, a formula of menacing: erit ubi te ulciscar, si vivo, Plaut. Ps. 5, 2, 26; id. Cas. 1, 1, 27; Ter. And. 5, 2, 25; id. Eun. 5, 5, 20.
- 6. In the phrases,
- a. Alicui vivere, to live for a person: haec qui misit, non sibi soli postulat Te vivere et suā causā excludi ceteros, Ter. Eun. 3, 2, 28; cf.: si tibi soli viveres, Cic. Marcell. 8, 25; cf.: secum vivere, II. B. infra.
- b. In diem vivere, from hand to mouth, for the present hour, Cic. de Or. 2, 40, 169; id. Tusc. 5, 11, 33; id. Phil. 2, 34, 86; cf.: hi, qui in horam viverent, id. ib. 5, 9, 25.
- c. De lucro vivere, a life that is clear gain, i. e. at the mercy of another, Cic. Fam. 9, 17, 1.
- C. Pregn.
- 1. To live well, live at ease, enjoy life: quod me cohortaris ad ambitionem et ad laborem, faciam quidem: sed quando vivemus? Cic. Q. Fr. 3, 1, 4, § 12: vivite lurcones, comedones, vivite ventres, Lucil. ap. Non. p. 11, 8; Varr. ib. p. 156, 13; Cat. 5, 1; Hor. C. 3, 29, 43; id. Ep. 1, 6, 66.
Hence, in bidding farewell: vive valeque, Hor. S. 2, 5, 110; id. Ep. 1, 6, 67 al.; cf.: vivite, silvae, fare ye well, Verg. E. 8, 58.
- 2. Like our to live, for to last, endure, remain, be remembered (mostly poet.): vivet extento Proculeius aevo … Illum aget Fama superstes, Hor. C. 2, 2, 5: per omnia saecula famā vivam, Ov. M. 15, 879: mea semper gloria vivet, Cic. poët. ap. Gell. 15, 6, 3: tacitum vivit sub pectore vulnus, Verg. A. 4, 67: spirat adhuc amor Vivuntque commissi calores Aeoliae fidibus puellae, Hor. C. 4, 9, 11; cf. id. ib. 1, 32, 3: carmina, id. Ep. 1, 19, 2: scripta, Ov. Tr. 1, 7, 25: das nostro nomen victurum amori, id. Am. 3, 1, 65: odia, Stat. Th. 12, 441: mihi quidem Scipio, quamquam est subito ereptus, vivit tamen semperque vivet, Cic. Lael. 27, 102: vivit vivetque semper, atque etiam latius in memoriā hominum et sermone versabitur, postquam ab oculis recessit, Plin. Ep. 2, 1, 11; Sen. Ben. 3, 5, 2.
- II. Transf.
- A. To live on any thing or in any manner, i. e. to support life; to sustain or maintain one’s self: stirpibus palmarum vivere, Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 50, § 131: piscibus atque ovis avium vivere, Caes. B. G. 4, 10 fin.: lacte atque pecore, id. ib. 4, 1; 5, 14: cortice ex arboribus, id. B. C. 3, 49: coriis herbisque et radicibus vivere, Liv. 23, 30, 3: herbis Vivis et urticā, Hor. Ep. 1, 12, 8: siliquis et pane secundo, id. ib. 2, 1, 123: parvo, id. S. 2, 2, 1: rapto, Verg. A. 7, 749: de vestro, Plaut. Truc. 5, 61: misere, id. Aul. 2, 4, 36: parcius, Hor. S. 1, 3, 49: suaviter, id. Ep. 1, 8, 4: bene, id. ib. 1, 6, 56; 1, 11, 29: rapto, Liv. 7, 25, 13; 27, 12, 5: verbum vivere quidam putant ad cibum pertinere, Dig. 50, 16, 234.
Impers. pass.: vivitur ex rapto, Ov. M. 1, 144.
Trop.: (sunt) in eo studia illa nostra, quibus antea delectabamur, nunc etiam vivimus, Cic. Fam. 13, 28, a, 2.
- B. To live, i. e. to pass one’s life, to reside, dwell, be in any place or manner (cf.: vitam dego): Rhodi, Cic. Fam. 4, 7, 4: extra urbem, id. Brut. 74, 258: Cypri, Nep. Chabr. 3, 4: in litteris vivere, Cic. Fam. 9, 26, 1; id. Sen. 11, 38: in maximā celebritate atque in oculis civium, id. Off. 3, 1, 3: in paupertate, id. Part. Or. 18, 63: in humilitate, Lact. 7, 9, 17: cum timore, Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 14, 3: unis moribus et numquam mutatis legibus, Cic. Fl. 26, 63: e naturā, id. Fin. 3, 20, 68: convenienter naturae, id. ib. 3, 7, 26; id. Off. 3, 3, 13: valde familiariter cum aliquo, id. Att. 6, 6, 2; cf.: Hirtius vivit habitatque cum Balbo, id. ib. 14, 20, 4: cum Pansā vixi in Pompeiano, id. ib.: ecquis me vivit hodie fortunatior? Ter. Eun. 5, 8, 1: ego vivo miserrimus, Cic. Att. 3, 5: viveret in terris te si quis avarior uno, Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 157: illā sorte Contentus vivat, id. S. 1, 1, 3.
Prov.: secum vivere, to live for one’s self, care only for one’s self, Cic. Sen. 14, 49.
Impers. pass.: quoniam vivitur non cum perfectis hominibus, sed, etc., Cic. Off. 1, 15, 46.