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vĭcis (as a gen.; the nom. does not occur), vicem, vice; in plur., vices (nom. and acc.) and vicibus (dat. and abl.), f. [cf. Gr. εἴκω, to yield; root ϝικ-; v. Curt. Gr. Etym. p. 135], change, interchange, alternation, alternate or reciprocal succession, vicissitude (the gen. not ante-Aug.; the other cases class.).

  1. I. Lit.
    1. A. In gen. (mostly poet. and in post-Aug. prose; for which, in class. prose, vicissitudo).
          1. (α) Sing.: ignotus juvenum coetus alternā vice Inibat alacris, Enn. ap. Charis. p. 214 P. (Trag. v. 151 Vahl.): hac vice sermonum, conversation, Verg. A. 6, 535: vice sermonis, Ov. Tr. 4, 4, 79; cf. in the foll. β: deus haec fortasse benigna Reducet in sedem vice, Hor. Epod. 13, 8: solvitur acris hiems grata vice veris et Favoni, id. C. 1, 4, 1: commoti Patres vice fortunarum humanarum, Liv. 7, 31, 6: dum Nox vicem peragit, performs the exchange, i. e. alternales with day, Ov. M. 4, 218: ridica contingens vitem mutuā vice sustinetur et sustinet, Col. 4, 16: versā vice, reversely, Dig. 43, 29, 3; App. Dogm. Plat. p. 32, 6; id. Flor. p. 363; Just. 6, 5, 11 al.
          2. (β) Plur.: plerumque gratae divitibus vices Mundaeque parvo sub Lare pauperum Cenae, Hor. C. 3, 29, 13: et interrogandi se ipsum et respondendi sibi solent esse non ingratae vices, Quint. 9, 2, 14: loquendi, id. 6, 4, 11; Ov. P. 2, 10, 35: ipsius lectionis taedium vicibus levatur, Quint. 1, 12, 4: habet has vices condicio mortalium, ut adversa ex secundis, ex adversis secunda nascantur, Plin. Pan. 5 fin.: spatium diei noctis excipiunt vices, Phaedr. 2, 8, 10: haec quoque non perstant … Quasque vices peragant … docebo, what vicissitudes they undergo, Ov. M. 15, 238: mutat terra vices, renews her changes, Hor. C. 4, 7, 3: perque vicis modo Persephone! modo Filia! clamat, alternately, Ov. F. 4, 483; so, per vicis, id. M. 4, 40; Plin. 8, 7, 7, § 23: per vices annorum, i. e. every other year, id. 12, 14, 30, § 54: cur vicibus factis convivia ineant, alternately, by turns, Ov. F. 4, 353.
      1. 2. Adverb.: in vicem (also freq. one word, invĭcem; and less freq. vicem, in vices, or per vices), by turns, alternately, one after the other, mutually, reciprocally.
        1. a. In vicem: bibenda aqua: postero die etiam vinum: deinde in vicem alternis diebus modo aqua modo vinum, Cels. 3, 2 med.: reliqui, qui domi manserunt, se atque alios alunt: hi rursus in vicem anno post in armis sunt, Caes. B. G. 4, 1: propter vicinitatem simul eramus invicem, Cic. Att. 5, 10, 5; Quint. 11, 3, 168: multis invicem casibus victi victoresque, Liv. 2, 44, 12: non comisantium in vicem more jam diu vivimus inter nos, id. 40, 9, 8 Weissenb. ad loc.: in vicem inter se gratantes, id. 9, 43, 17: inque vicem tua me, te mea forma capit, Ov. H. 17, 180; id. M. 6, 631; 8, 473; Verg. G. 3, 188; Hor. S. 1, 3, 141 al.
        2. b. Vicem: ut unus fasces haberet, et hoc insigne regium suam cujusque vicem, per omnes iret, Liv. 3, 36, 3; cf. id. 1, 9, 15.
        3. c. In vices (poet. and in post-Aug. prose): inque vices illum tectos qui laesit amores, Laedit amore pari, Ov. M. 4, 191; 12, 161; Tac. G. 26 Halm.
        4. d. Per vices (post-Aug. and very rare): quod ipsum imperari per vices optimum est, Quint. 2, 4, 6 Halm.
    2. B. In partic.
      1. 1. A time, turn (late Lat.; cf. Orell. ad Hor. C. 4, 14, 13): ager tertiā vice arabitur, Pall. 10, 1: tribus per diem vicibus, id. 1, 3 fin.; cf.: tesserulas in medium vice suā quisque jaciebamus, Gell. 18, 13, 1: vice quādam, once, Sid. Ep. 7, 1; Aus. Pan. Grat. Aug. 4.
      2. 2. Reciprocal behavior or conduct, i. e. return, requital, reciprocal service, recompense, remuneration, retaliation (rare but class.): recito praedicationem amplissimi beneficii, vicem officii praesentis, Cic. Sest. 4, 10: tanto proclivius est injuriae quam beneficio vicem exsolvere, Tac. H. 4, 3; Prop. 1, 13, 10: redde vicem meritis, Ov. Am. 1, 6, 23: non poteris ipsa referre vicem, id. A. A. 1, 370; cf.: dejecit acer plus vice simplici (i. e. non tantam solum cladem illis intulit quantam ipsi dederant, sed duplum, Schol.), Hor. C. 4, 14, 13 Orell. ad loc.
        Plur.: spernentem sperne, sequenti Redde vices, Ov. M. 14, 36: neque est ullus affectus … qui magis vices exigat, Plin. Pan. 85, 3.
      3. 3. The changes of fate, fate, hap, lot, condition, fortune, misfortune: mihi uni necesse erit et meam et aliorum vicem pertimescere? Cic. Dom. 4, 8: indignando et ipse vicem ejus, Liv. 40, 23, 1: tacite gementes tristem fortunae vicem, Phaedr. 5, 1, 6; cf.: vicem suam conquestus est, Suet. Aug. 66: convertere humanam vicem, Hor. Epod. 5, 88: publicā vice commoveri, Quint. 11, 1, 42; cf. id. 4, 1, 33.
        Plur.: fors et Debita jura vicesque superbae Te maneant ipsum, Hor. C. 1, 28, 32: testor in occasu vestro nec tela nec ullas Vitavisse vices Danaūm, dangers, contests, Verg. A. 2, 433.
  2. II. Transf., the position, place, room, stead, post, office, duty of one person or thing as assumed by another (the usual signif. of the word): heredum causa justissima est: nulla est enim persona, quae ad vicem ejus, qui e vitā emigrarit, propius accedat, Cic. Leg. 2, 19, 48: ego succedens in vicem imperii tui, Liv. 38, 48, 7: ipse in locum vicemque consulis provolat, id. 3, 18, 9: postquam (Juppiter) te dedit, qui erga omne humanum genus vice suā fungereris, stand in the place of, represent, Plin. Pan. 80, 6: fungar vice cotis, Hor. A. P. 304: per speciem alienae fungendae vicis opes suas firmavit, Liv. 1, 41, 6: ne sacra regiae vicis desererentur, id. 1, 20, 2: vestramque meamque vicem explete, Tac. A. 4, 8 fin.: cujus … ego vicem debeo inplere, Plin. Ep. 6, 6, 6: (Manus) adverbiorum atque pronominum obtinent vicem, Quint. 11, 3, 87: in ordine vicis suae, Vulg. Luc. 1, 8.
    Plur.: non ad suum pertinere officium rati, quando divisae professionum vices essent, Quint. Inst. prooem. § 4.
      1. 2. Adverb.
        1. a. Vicem, with the gen. or a pers. pron., in the place of, instead of, on account of, for, for the sake of: eri vicem meamque, Plaut. Capt. 3, 3, 11: qui hodie sese excruciari meam vicem possit pati, id. Most. 2, 1, 8; cf. id. ib. 5, 2, 24: vos respondetote istinc istarum vicem, id. Rud. 3, 5, 34: tuam vicem saepe doleo, Cic. Fam. 12, 23, 3: suam vicem indignantem magistratu abisse, Liv. 2, 31, 11: remittimus hoc tibi, ne nostram vicem irascaris. id. 34, 32, 6: sollicito consuli … eorum vicem quos, etc., id. 44, 3, 5: rex, vicem eorum quos ad tam manifestum periculum miserat, Curt. 7, 11, 20: maestus non suam vicem, sed propter, etc., id. 7, 2, 5: cum Pompeius aedem Victoriae dedicaturus foret, cujus gradus vicem theatri essent, Tiro Tull. ap. Gell. 10, 1, 7: quoniam res familiaris obsidis vicem esse apud rempublicam videbatur, Gell. 16, 10, 11.
          1. (β) Sometimes in a more general sense, after the manner of, like: Sardanapali vicem in suo lectulo mori, Cic. Att. 10, 8, 7: ceteri vicem pecorum obtruncabantur, Sall. Fragm. ap. Non. p. 497, 26; cf. the foll.
        2. b. Vice, instead of, for, on account of: in pane salis vice utuntur nitro, Plin. 31, 10, 46, § 115: temonis vice trahitur, Col. 6, 2, 7: murum urbi cocto latere circumdedit, harenae vice bitumine interstrato, Just. 1, 2, 7: exanimes vice unius, Liv. 1, 25, 6: senatus vice populi, Just. Inst. 1, 2, 5.
          1. (β) In a more general sense (cf. the preced. numbers), after the manner of, like: jactari se passa fluctu algae vice, Plin. 9, 45, 68, § 147: moveri periclitantium vice possumus, Quint. 6, 2, 35: diebus ac noctibus vice mundi circumagi, Suet. Ner. 31: quaeque dixerat, oracli vice accipiens, Tac. A. 6, 21 fin.: ut deorum vice mortuos honorarent, like gods, Lact. 4, 28 fin.: vice navium, App. de Deo Socr. p. 47, 22: vice pecudum occidi, Lact. 5, 10, 6: vice imbellium proculcati, Dict. Cret. 3, 24.
        3. c. In vicem, instead of, for, in place of: potest malleolus protinus in vicem viviradicis conseri, Col. 3, 14, 3: defatigatis in vicem integri succedunt, Caes. B. G. 7, 85: in omnium vicem regni unius insatiabilis amor Successit, Liv. 40, 8, 18: missis in vicem eorum quinque milibus sociorum, id. 31, 11, 3; Col. 5, 6, 1; so dat. vici, Quint. Decl. 6, 4.
        4. d. Ad vicem, instead of, for: ad tegularum et imbricum vicem, Plin. 36, 22, 44, § 159: ad vicem solis cinis calidus subjectus, Pall. 4, 10 fin.; 3, 28; very rarely, ad invicem, Veg. Vet. 2, 7 fin.
          1. (β) In a more general sense (cf. in the preced. numbers a. and b.), after the manner of, like: majores natu a majoribus colebantur ad deum prope ad parentum vicem, Gell. 2, 15, 1.

vīcus, i, m. [Sanscr. vēcas, vēcman, house; Gr. οἶκος; O. H. Germ. wīch, village; and Engl. -wick or -wich, as in Berwick, Norwich].

  1. I. Collectively, a row of houses in town or country, a quarter of a city, a street, Cic. Mil. 24, 64; Caes. B. C. 1, 27; Hor. S. 2, 3, 228; id. Ep. 1, 20, 18; 2, 1, 269; Ov. F. 6, 610 al.
  2. II. A village, hamlet, a country-seat: si quis Cobiamacho, qui vicus inter Tolosam et Narbonem est, deverterentur, Cic. Font. 5, 9; Caes. B. G. 1, 5; 2, 7; 4, 4; Liv. 38, 30, 7; Tac. G. 12; Cic. Fam. 14, 1, 5; Hor. Ep. 1, 11, 8; 1, 15, 7; 2, 2, 177 al.

vinco, vīci, victum, 3, v. a. and n. [perh. causat. of root ικ-; Gr. εἴκω, to yield; but cf. per-vicax; v. Curt. Gr. Etym. p. 106], to conquer, overcome, get the better of, defeat, subdue, vanquish, be victorious, etc. (syn.: supero, debello).

  1. I. Lit.
    1. A. In war or battle: jus esse belli, ut qui vicissent, iis, quos vicissent, quemadmodum vellent, imperarent, etc., Caes. B. G. 1, 36: Carthaginienses navalibus pugnis, Cic. Imp. Pomp. 18, 55: Galliam bello, Caes. B. G. 1, 34 fin.: non virtute neque in acie vicisse Romanos, id. ib. 7, 29: id vi et virtute militum victum atque expugnatum oppidum est, Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 36: vicimus vi feroces, id. ib. 1, 1, 82: aio te, Aeacida, Romanos vincere posse, Enn. ap. Cic. Div. 2, 56, 116 (Ann. v. 186 Vahl.): sicut fortis equus, spatio qui saepe supremo Vicit Olympia, Enn. ap. Cic. Sen. 5, 14 (Ann. v. 442 ib.): aliquando ut vincat, ludit assidue aleam, Poët. ap. Suet. Aug. 70 fin.: L. milia, to win at play, August. ib. 71.
    2. B. In a lawsuit, etc., to be successful, to gain: vincere judicio, Cic. Rosc. Com. 18, 53: quem tu horum nil refelles, vincam scilicet, Ter. Phorm. 1, 2, 82; Hor. S. 1, 2, 134: causam suam, to win, Ov. H. 16, 76.
      Pass.: factum est: ventum est: vincimur, Ter. Phorm. 1, 2, 85.
    3. C. In other relations, to win, prevail, be successful, gain, overcome: sponsione, Cic. Quint. 27, 84: sponsionem, id. Caecin. 31, 91: vicit iter durum pietas, controlled, made easy, Verg. A. 6, 688; cf. Mart. 5, 23, 5; Claud. Cons. Hon. 46: labor omnia vicit, Verg. G. 1, 145; cf. difficultates, Auct. B. G. 8, 21: virgam, to win, Verg. A. 6, 148: vicit tamen in Senatu pars illa, quae, etc., Sall. J. 16, 1: factione respectuque rerum privatarum … Appius vicit, Liv. 2, 30, 2: cum in senatu vicisset sententia, quae, etc., id. 2, 4: Othonem vincas volo, to outbid (in an auction), Cic. Att. 13, 29, 2; 13, 33, 2.
      To defeat as a candidate for office: competitorem in suffragiis, Quint. 7, 1, 29.
    4. D. Transf., of inanimate subjects.
      1. 1. To overcome, overwhelm, prevail over, etc.: (naves) neu turbine venti Vincantur, Verg. A. 9, 92: victa ratis, Ov. Tr. 1, 4, 12: flammam gurgitibus, id. Am. 3, 6, 42: noctem flammis, Verg. A. 1, 727: vincunt aequora navitae, prevail against, get the better of, Hor. C. 3, 24, 41: victaque concessit prisca moneta novae, Ov. F. 1, 222: quernaque glans victa est utiliore cibo, id. ib. 1, 676: corpora victa sopore, id. ib. 1, 422; cf.: blanda quies furtim victis obrepsit ocellis, id. ib. 3, 19: hi casses (linei) vel ferri aciem vincunt, Plin. 19, 1, 2, § 11: campum turbā vincente, overflowing, Sil. 6, 390.
      2. 2. To outlast, survive: (aesculus) Multa virum volvens durando saecula vincit, Verg. G. 2, 295: vivendo mea fata, id. A. 11, 160.
      3. 3. To surmount, scale: aëra (sagittae), Verg. G. 2, 123; cf.: montes ascensu, Claud. III. Cons. Hon. 46.
      4. 4. To reduce, change, etc.; of cooking: nec viscera quisquam … potest vincere flammā, Verg. G. 3, 560: cochleas undis calefactas et prope victas, Ser. Samm. Med. 319.
        Of smelting ores: metallorum primitiae nullis fornacibus victae, Tac. H. 4, 53.
        Of melting snow: nive, quae zephyro victa tepente fluit, Ov. F. 2, 220.
        Of digestion: pervigilio quidem praecipue vincuntur cibi, Plin. 11, 53, 118, § 283.
  2. II. Trop.
    1. A. In gen., to prevail, be superior; to convince, refute, constrain, overcome, etc.: argumentis vincit, Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 267: naturam studio, Caes. B. G. 6, 43: vincit ipsa rerum publicarum natura saepe rationem, Cic. Rep. 2, 33, 57; cf. id. ib. 3, 8, 13: si subitam et fortuitam orationem commentatio et cogitatio facile vincit; hanc ipsam profecto assidua ac diligens scriptura superabit, id. de Or. 1, 33, 150: sapientis animus vincetur et expugnabitur? id. Par. 4, 1, 27: animum, Plaut. Trin. 2, 2, 29: non est consentaneum, qui invictum se a labore praestiterit, vinci a voluptate, Cic. Off. 1, 20, 68: labascit, victu’st, uno verbo, quam cito! Ter. Eun. 1, 2, 98: eludet, ubi te victum senserit, id. ib. 1, 1, 10: illius stultitiā victa ex urbe tu migres? id. Hec. 4, 2, 13: adulescentulus saepe eadem audiendo victus est, id. Heaut. 1, 1, 62: peccavi, fateor, vincor, id. ib. 4, 1, 31: victus patris precibus lacrimisque, Liv. 23, 8, 4: divūm pater victus tuis vocibus, Hor. C. 4, 6, 21: est qui vinci possit, id. S. 1, 9, 55: pietas Victa furore, id. C. 3, 27, 36: victus amore pudor, Ov. Am. 3, 10, 29: filia victa in lacrimas, Tac. A. 1, 57: victus animi respexit, Verg. G. 4, 491: triumphantes de lege victā et abrogatā, Liv. 34, 3, 9.
      With ut: ergo negatum, vincor, ut credam miser, am constrained, compelled, Hor. Epod. 17, 27.
    2. B. In partic.
      1. 1. To overmatch in some quality, to surpass, exceed, excel, = superare: stellarum globi terrae magnitudinem facile vincebant, Cic. Rep. 6, 16, 16: opinionem vicit omnium, quae, etc., id. Ac. 2, 1, 1: exspectationem omnium, id. Verr. 2, 5, 5, § 11: eam (noctem) edepol etiam multo haec (nox) vicit longitudine, Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 125: morum immanitate vastissimas vincit beluas, Cic. Rep. 2, 26, 48: quamlibet mulierculam Vincere mollitiā, Hor. Epod. 11, 24: odio qui posset vincere Regem, id. S. 1, 7, 6: scribere, quod Cassi opuscula vincat, id. Ep. 1, 4, 3; cf.: qualia (praecepta) vincunt Pythagoran, id. S. 2, 4, 2.
        Poet. with inf.: vir nulli victus vel ponere castra vel junxisse ratem, etc., excelled by none in pitching a camp, etc., Sil. 5, 552; 6, 141.
      2. 2. To prove triumphantly, show or demonstrate conclusively.
          1. (α) With obj.-clause: quid nunc? vincon’ argumentis te non esse Sosiam? Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 277: profecto ita esse, et praedico, vero vincam, id. Most. 1, 2, 12: vince deinde, bonum virum fuisse Oppianicum, Cic. Clu. 44, 124: dicendo vincere non postulo, Matius ap. Cic. Fam. 11, 28, 4: vincet enim stultos ratio insanire nepotes, Hor. S. 2, 3, 225.
          2. (β) With ut: nec vincet ratio hoc, tantundem ut peccet idemque Qui, etc., Hor. S. 1, 3, 115.
          3. (γ) Absol.: si doceo non ab Avito, vinco ab Oppianico, Cic. Clu. 23, 64.
      3. 3. With respect to something disputed, to prevail, gain one’s point, carry the day. So only in the expressions,
        1. a. Vicimus: cui si esse in urbe tuto licebit, vicimus, Cic. Att. 14, 20, 3: rumpantur iniqui. Vicimus: assiduas non tulit illa preces, Prop. 1, 8, 28: vicimus exclamat; mecum mea vota feruntur, Ov. M. 6, 513: vicimus et meus est, id. ib. 4, 356.
        2. b. Vincite, viceris, vincerent, have it your own way, just as you like, carry your point, an expression of reluctant assent: vincite, si ita vultis, Caes. B. G. 5, 30; Ov. M. 8, 509: vincerent ac sibi haberent, dummodo scirent, Suet. Caes. 1 fin.: viceris, Ter. And. 5, 3, 21.
      4. 4. To treat worthily, set forth with dignity (poet.): nec sum animi dubius, verbis ea vincere magnum Quam sit, Verg. G. 3, 289; cf.: vincere verbis, Lucr. 5, 733.