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frūgālis, e, adj. [frux].

  1. * I. Of or belonging to fruits: maturitas, App. de Mundo, p. 71, 29.
  2. II. (Acc. to frugi, v. frux, II. B.) Economical, thrifty, temperate, frugal, provident, careful; and in gen., worthy, virtuous; only in comp. and sup. (Quint. 1, 6, 17, characterizes the use of the positive frugalis for the usual frugi as pedantry): villa frugalior, Varr. R. R. 3, 2, 3: tanton … Lesbonicus factus est frugalior? Plaut. Trin. 3, 1, 9: dedo patri me nunciam, ut frugalior sim, quam volt, Ter. Heaut. 4, 3, 3; Sen. Contr. 3, 21, 20; 5, 31, 13 al.
    Sup.: cum optimus colonus, parcissimus, modestissimus, frugalissimus esset, Cic. de Or. 2, 71, 287: homines frugalissimi, id. Fl. 29, 71.
    Hence, adv.: frūgālĭter (acc. to II.), moderately, temperately, thriftily, frugally, economically: rem sobrie et frugaliter accurare, Plaut. Ep. 4, 1, 38; id. Pers. 4, 1, 1; 6: vivere (with parce), Hor. S. 1, 4, 107; cf.: recte is negat, umquam bene cenasse Gallonium … quia quod bene, id recte, frugaliter, honeste: ille porro prave, nequiter, turpiter cenabat, Cic. Fin. 2, 8, 25: loqui, id. ib. 2, 9, 25; cf.: de sublimibus magnifice, de tenuioribus frugaliter dicere, Fronto, Ep. ad Ver. 1 Mai.
    Comp.: vivere, Lact. Ira D. 20.

frūgālĭtas, tātis, f. [frugalis, II.], economy, temperance, thriftiness, frugality; and in gen., worth, virtue (the Gr. σωφροσύνη; class.).

  1. I. Prop.: omnes in illo sunt rege virtutes, sed praecipue singularis et admiranda frugalitas … ego frugalitatem, id est modestiam et temperantiam, virtutem maximam judico, Cic. Deiot. 9, 26: vitae genus cum luxu aut cum frugalitate, Cels. praef. med.; cf.: ex contrariis: frugalitas bonum, luxuria enim malum, Quint. 5, 10, 73: quod cessat ex reditu, frugalitate suppletur, Plin. Ep. 2, 4, 3: bona valetudo, quaeque eam maxime praestat frugalitas, Quint. 10, 3, 26; 11, 3, 19; 12, 1, 8; Petr. 115: frugalitas autem paupertas voluntaria est, Sen. Ep. 17, 5: luxurioso frugalitas poena est, id. ib. 71, 23; id. Tranq. An. 1, 9.
    Of speech: quadam eloquentiae frugalitate contentos, measure, Quint. 12, 10, 21.
    1. * B. Transf., in concr. for fruges, fruits of the earth, App. M. 9, p. 233, 29.
  2. II. In a gen. sense, worth, virtue: temperans, quem Graeci σώφρονα appellant, eamque virtutem σωφροσύνην vocant, quam soleo equidem tum temperantiam, tum moderationem appellare, nonnumquam etiam modestiam: sed haud scio an recte ea virtus frugalitas appellari possit, etc. … reliquas etiam virtutes frugalitas continet, etc., Cic. Tusc. 3, 8, 16 sq.; cf. id. ib. 4, 16, 36; Quint. 1, 6, 17; 29.

frūgālĭter, adv., v. frugalis fin.

‡ frūgāmenta a frugibus appellata, Paul. ex Fest. p. 91 Müll.

frūges, um, v. frux.

frūgesco, ĕre, v. inch. n. [frux], to bear fruit, be fruitful (post-class.), Prud. adv. Symm. 2, 913; so with florescere, Tert. Res. Carn. 22.

frūgi, v. frux, II. B.

frūgĭfer, ĕra, ĕrum (archaic gen. sing. fem. frugiferaï, Enn. ap. Charis. p. 7 P.; cf. Mart. 11, 90, 5, and v. infra), adj. [frux + fero], fruit-bearing, fruitful, fertile (class.).

  1. I. Lit.: ut agri non omnes frugiferi sunt, qui coluntur, sic animi non omnes culti fructum ferunt, Cic. Tusc. 2, 5, 13: terraï frugiferaï, Enn. ap. Charis. p. 7 P. (Ann. v. 479 Vahl.); hence comically used to denote Ennius himself: attonitus legis Terraï frugiferaï, Mart. 11, 90, 5: spatia frugifera et immensa camporum, Cic. N. D. 2, 64, 161: et ferta arva Asiae, Poët. ap. Cic. Or. 49, 163: cedrus, Plin. 13, 5, 11, § 53: nuces, Ov. de Nuce, 19: messes, id. M. 5, 656: numen, i. e. Ceres, id. P. 2, 1, 15; so, Frugifer, an appellation of Osiris among the Egyptians, Arn. 6, 196.
  2. II. Trop., fruitful, profitable: cum tota philosophia frugifera et fructuosa nec ulla pars ejus inculta ac deserta sit, tum nullus feracior in ea locus nec uberior quam de officiis, Cic. Off. 3, 2, 5: hoc illud est praecipue in cognitione rerum salubre ac frugiferum, te, etc., Liv. praef. § 10.

* frūgĭfĕrens, entis, adj. [frux + fero], fruitbearing, fruitful (for the class. frugifer): terrae, Lucr. 1, 3.

* frūgĭlĕgus, a, um, adj. [frux+lego], fruit-gathering, a poet. epithet of the ant: formicae, Ov. M. 7, 624.

* frūgĭpărens, entis, adj. [frux+pario], fruit-bearing, Venant. Carm. 3, 13, 12.

frūgĭpărus, a, um, adj. [frux+pario], fruitbearing, fruitful (poet.; ante- and postclass.): fetus, Lucr. 6, 1: vultus (temporum), Avien. Arat. 1054.

* frūgĭperdus, a, um, adj. [frux + perdo], fruit-losing, a transl. of the Homeric ὠλεσίκαρπος, salix, Plin. 16, 26, 46, § 110 (cf. Hom. Odyss. 10, 510).

frux, frūgis, and more freq. in plur. frūges, um (also in nom. sing. frugis: frugi rectus est natura frux, at secundum consuetudinem dicimus, ut haec avis, haec ovis, sic haec frugis, Varr. L. L. 9, § 76 dub.), f. [from the root FRUG; v. fruor], fruits of the earth (that may be enjoyed), produce of the fields, pulse, legumes (whereas fructus denotes chiefly tree-fruit, and frumentum halm-fruit, grain), sometimes also, in gen., for fruits (grain, tree-fruit, etc.).

  1. I. Lit.
          1. (α) Plur.: terra feta frugibus et vario leguminum genere, Cic. N. D. 2, 62, 156: fruges terrae, id. Div. 1, 51, 116; id. de Sen. 2, 5; cf.: nos fruges serimus, nos arbores, id. N. D. 2, 60, 152: ubertas frugum et fructuum, id. ib. 3, 36, 86: frugum fructuumque reliquorum perceptio, id. Off. 2, 3, 12: oleam frugesve ferre, id. Rep. 3, 9: neque foliis, neque oleo neque frumento neque frugibus usurum, Dig. 7, 8, 12; cf. ib. 50, 16, 77: arbores frondescere … segetes largiri fruges, Enn. ap. Cic. Tusc. 1, 28, 69 (Trag. v. 195 Vahl.): ut cum fruges Cererem appellamus, vinum autem Liberum, Cic. N. D. 2, 23, 60; cf. Lucr. 2, 656: inventis frugibus, Cic. Or. 9, 31: fruges in ea terra (Sicilia) primum repertas esse arbitrantur, id. Verr. 2, 4, 48, § 106: cultus agrorum perceptioque frugum, id. Rep. 2, 14: lentiscus triplici solita grandescere fetu, Ter fruges fundens, Cic. poët. Div. 1, 9, 15: arboreae, Cornif. ap. Serv. Verg. G. 1, 55: roburneae, Col. 9, 1, 5: (Gallorum gens) dulcedine frugum maximeque vini capta, Liv. 5, 33, 2 al.
            Poet.: salsae fruges = mola salsa, the sacrificial roasted barley-meal mixed with salt, Verg. A. 2, 133; 12, 173: medicatae, magic herbs, id. ib. 6, 420.
          2. (β) Sing.: si jam data sit frux, Enn. ap. Prisc. p. 724 P. (Ann. v. 412 Vahl.; cf. ib. v. 318): spicea frux, Aus. Monos. de Cibis, 4: (mensae) exstructae dapibus nec tostae frugis egentes, Ov. M. 11, 121: ut non omnem frugem neque arborem in omni agro reperire possis, Cic. Rosc. Am. 27, 75: fundit frugem spici ordine structam, id. de Sen. 15, 51: quercus et ilex multa fruge pecus juvet, Hor. Ep. 1, 16, 10: sit bona librorum et provisae frugis in annum Copia, id. ib. 1, 18, 109.
  2. II. Trop.
    1. A. In gen., like fructus, result, success, value (rare but class.): quae virtutis maturitas et quantae fruges industriae sint futurae, Cic. Cael. 31, 76: illae sunt animi fruges, Auct. Aetn. 273: generare atque ad frugem aliquam perducere, to some maturity, Quint. 6, 2, 3; cf.: illud ingeniorum velut praecox genus non temere umquam pervenit ad frugem, id. 1, 3, 3: jam ego et ipsa frugem tuam periclitabor, maturity of mind, ability, App. M. 6, p. 177, 13: hominem nihili, neque rei neque frugis bonae, Gell. 6, 11, 2; cf. B. 1. β infra.
      Poet.: centuriae seniorum agitant expertia frugis, rail at what is crude, worthless (= poëmata nimis jocosa), Hor. A. P. 341: cultor enim juvenum purgatas inseris aures Fruge Cleanthea, with Cleanthian fruit, i. e. doctrine, Pers. 5, 64: herus si tuus volet facere frugem, meum herum perdet, i. e. to act with advantage, Plaut. Poen. 4, 2, 70.
    2. B. In partic., of moral character.
      1. 1. frugi (a dat. form, fit for food; frugi aptus, serviceable, χρήσιμος, χρηστός; hence, transf.), as adj. indecl., useful, fit, proper, worthy, honest, discreet, virtuous, temperate, frugal (class.; for comp. and sup. the words frugalior and frugalissimus were used; v. frugalis): frugi hominem dici non multum habet laudis in rege, Cic. Deiot. 9, 26; cf. id. Tusc. 3, 8, 16 sq.: qui (L. Piso) tanta virtute atque integritate fuit, ut … solus Frugi nominaretur. Quem cum in contionem Gracchus vocari juberet et viator quaereret, quem Pisonem, quod erant plures: Cogis me, inquit, dicere inimicum meum frugi, id. Font. 13, 29; cf.: loquitur ut Frugi ille Piso, id. Fin. 2, 28, 90: homines plane frugi ac sobrii, id. Verr. 2, 3, 27, § 67: ego praeter alios meum virum fui rata Siccum, frugi, continentem (opp. madidum, nihili, incontinentem), Plaut. As. 5, 2, 7: hominis frugi et temperantis functus officium, Ter. Heaut. 3, 3, 19: parcius hic vivit: frugi dicatur, Hor. S. 1, 3, 49: Antonius frugi factus est, Cic. Phil. 2, 28, 69: (Penelope) tam frugi tamque pudica, Hor. S. 2, 5, 77: sum bonus et frugi, id. Ep. 1, 16, 49: quo sane populus numerabilis, utpote parvus, Et frugi castusque verecundusque coibat, id. A. P. 207: servus frugi atque integer, Cic. Clu. 16, 47: Davus, amicum mancipium domino et frugi, Hor. S. 2, 7, 3: liberti probi et frugi, Plin. Pan. 88, 2: quae (lena) frugi esse vult, useful, serviceable, Plaut. As. 1, 3, 23; Ter. Eun. 3, 5, 59.
          1. (β) Strengthened by the attributive bonae: is probus est, quem paenitet, quam probus sit et frugi bonae: Qui ipsus sibi satis placet, nec probus est nec frugi bonae, Plaut. Trin. 2, 2, 39 and 40; id. As. 3, 3, 12; id. Poen. 4, 2, 23: (Fabius Luscus) satis acutus et permodestus ac bonae frugi, Cic. Att. 4, 8, 3.
        1. b. Of inanim. and abstr. things: frugi severaque vita, honest, virtuous, Cic. Fil. ap. Cic. Fam. 16, 21, 4: victus luxuriosus, an frugi, an sordidus, quaeritur, frugal, temperate, Quint. 5, 10, 27; cf.: atrium frugi nec tamen sordidum, Plin. Ep. 2, 17, 4: cena, id. ib. 3, 1, 4; Juv. 3, 167: jentacula, Mart. 13, 31, 1.
      2. * 2. Frux = homo frugi, worthy, honest: dictum factumque facit frux, Enn. ap. Prisc. p. 724 P. (Ann. v. 318 Vahl.).
      3. 3. Ad frugem or ad bonam frugem, in vulg. lang. (to turn or bring one’s self) to moral worth, excellence, virtue: equidem multos vidi et in hac civitate, qui totam adolescentiam voluptatibus dedissent, emersisse aliquando et se ad frugem bonam, ut dicitur, recepisse gravesque homines atque illustres fuisse, have reformed, Cic. Cael. 12, 28: multa ad bonam frugem ducentia in eo libro scripta sunt, Gell. 13, 27, 2: quin tu adolescentem, quem esse corruptum vides, restituis? quin ad frugem corrigis? Plaut. Trin. 1, 2, 81; cf. id. Bacch. 4, 10, 10: certum’st ad frugem applicare animum, id. Trin. 2, 1, 34.