Lewis & Short

Parsing inflected forms may not always work as expected. If the following does not give the correct word, try Latin Words or Perseus.

exter or extĕrus (both forms only post-class. and very rare), tĕra, tĕrum, adj. [comp. form, from ex], on the outside, outward, of another country, family, etc., foreign, strange (syn.: extraneus; alienus, peregrinus, adventicius).

  1. I. Pos. (in Cic. and Caes. used in the plur.): quod exter heres praestare cogeretur, strange, Dig. 31, 1, 69: emancipatus vero aut exterus non aliter possunt hereditatem quaerere quam si, etc., ib. 29, 2, 84; cf. ib. 31, 1, 67, § 4: tactus corporis est sensus, vel cum res extera sese Insinuat, vel, etc., Lucr. 2, 435: vis, id. 2, 277: haec lex socialis est, hoc jus nationum exterarum est, Cic. Div. in Caecil. 5, 18: exterarum gentium multitudo, Suet. Caes. 84: non modo vestris civibus, verum etiam exteris nationibus, Cic. Font. 11, 25; cf.: apud exteras civitates, Cic. Caecin. 34, 100: apud exteras nationes, Caes. B. C. 3, 43 fin.; ad nationes exteras, Quint. 11, 1, 89: apud exteros, Plin. 18, 3, 5, § 22 et saep.: ab extero hoste atque longinquo, Cic. Cat. 2, 13.
    In neutr. plur. with gen.: ad extera Europae noscenda missus Himilco, Plin. 2, 67, 67, § 169: ad extera corporum, id. 22, 23, 49, § 103.
  2. II. Comp.: extĕrĭor, us (in signif. scarcely differing from its pos.), outward, outer, exterior; opp. interior (rare but class.): cum alterum fecisset exteriorem, interiorem alterum amplexus orbem, Cic. Univ. 7; cf.: simul ex navibus milites in exteriorem vallum tela jaciebant … et legionarii, interioris munitionis defensores, Caes. B. C. 3, 63, 6: colle exteriore occupato, id. B. G. 7, 79, 1: circumire exteriores mutiones jubet, id. ib. 7, 87, 4: pares munitiones contra exteriorem hostem perfecit, id. ib. 7, 74: comes exterior, i. e. on the left side, Hor. S. 2, 5, 17.
  3. III. Sup. in two forms, extrēmus and extĭmus or extŭmus [sup. of ex; cf. Gr. ἔσχατος, Curt. Gr. Etym. p. 387].
    1. A. extrēmus, a, um (which in post-class. lang. is itself compared; comp.: extremior, App. M. 1, p. 105; 7, p. 188; sup.: extremissimus, Tert. Apol. 19), the outermost, utmost, extreme (so most freq.; cf.: ultimus, postremus, novissimus, supremus, imus).
      1. 1. Lit.: extremum oppidum Allobrogum est Geneva, Caes. B. G. 1, 6, 3: flumen Axona, quod est in extremis Remorum finibus, on the farthest borders, id. ib. 2, 5, 4: fines, Liv. 39, 28, 2; 45, 29, 14; cf.: ad extremum finem provinciae Galliae venerunt, id. 40, 16, 5: impiger extremos currit mercator ad Indos, the remotest, Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 45: Tanaïs, id. C. 3, 10, 1: in extrema fere parte epistolae, near the end, Cic. Att. 6, 1, 20; cf.: in codicis extrema cera, id. Verr. 2, 1, 36, § 92; but to denote the last part of a thing it is used more freq. in immediate connection with the substantive denoting the whole: quibus (litteris) in extremis, at its end, id. Att. 14, 8, 1; cf.: in qua (epistola) extrema, id. ib. 13, 45, 1: in extremo libro tertio, at the end of the third book, id. Off. 3, 2, 9: in extrema oratione, id. de Or. 1, 10, 41: in extremo ponte turrim constituit, Caes. B. G. 6, 29, 3; cf.: ad extremas fossas castella constituit, id. ib. 2, 8, 3: ab extremo agmine, id. ib. 2, 11, 4: in extrema Cappadocia, Cic. Fam. 15, 4, 4: extremis digitis aliquid attingere, id. Cael. 12, 28 et saep.
        In the neutr. absol. and as subst.: extrē-mum, i, n., an end, the end: divitias alii praeponunt, alii honores, multi etiam voluptates; beluarum hoc quidem extremum, Cic. Lael. 6, 20: quod finitum est, habet extremum, id. Div. 2, 50, 103: missile telum hastili abiegno et cetera tereti, praeterquam ad extremum, at the end, Liv. 21, 8, 10: in "Equo Trojano" scis esse in extremo "sero sapiunt," Cic. Fam. 7, 16, 1; cf.: quod erat in extremo, id. Att. 6, 9, 1.
        With gen.: aliquid ad extremum causae reservatum, Cic. Deiot. 13, 35 (cf. infra, 2. a. fin.): caelum ipsum, quod extremum atque ultumum mundi est, id. Div. 2, 43, 91: ab Ocelo, quod est citerioris provinciae extremum, Caes. B. G. 1, 10, 5: summum gulae fauces vocantur, extremum stomachus, Plin. 11, 37, 68, § 179: in extremo montis, Sall. J. 37, 4.
        In plur.: extrema agminis, Liv. 6, 32, 11: extrema Africae, Plin. 8, 10, 10, § 31: extrema Galliae, Flor. 3, 3, 1; 3, 20, 12; Tac. H. 5, 18; id. A. 4, 67; 4, 74.
      2. 2. Trop.
        1. a. In respect to time or the order of succession, the latest, last: inter prioris mensis senescentis extremum diem et novam lunam, Varr. L. L. 6, § 10 Müll.: mensis anni Februarius, Cic. Leg. 2, 21, 54: tempore diei, Hirt. B. G. 8, 15, 6: eam amicitiam ad extremum finem vitae perduxit, Liv. 37, 53, 8: matres ab extremo conspectu liberorum exclusae, Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 45, § 118: manus extrema non accessit operibus ejus, the finishing hand, the last touches, id. Brut. 33, 126: extremum illud est, ut te orem et obsecrem, it remains only, id. Fam. 4, 13, 7; id. Att. 11, 16, 5.
          To denote the last part of a thing (cf. above, 1.): quod eo die potest videri extrema et prima luna, i. e. the end and the beginning, Varr. L. L. l. l.: usque ad extremam aetatem ab adolescentia, Nep. Cato, 2, 4; id. Att. 10, 3; cf.: ita tantum bellum Cn. Pompeius extrema hieme apparavit, ineunte vere suscepit, media aestate confecit, Cic. de lmp. Pomp. 12, 35: extremo anno, Liv. 2, 64, 1: extremo tempore, in the last time, at last, Nep. Dat. 10; id. Epam. 9; id. Eum. 5, 3 al.: extrema pueritia, Cic. de Imp. Pomp. 10, 28: extremo Peloponnesio bello, Nep. Con. 1, 2: extremus dies, the close of day, the evening, Sil 7, 172; 14, 8.
          Subst.: illum Praeteritum temnens extremos inter euntem, Hor. S. 1, 1, 116; cf.: extremi primorum, extremis usque priores, id. Ep. 2, 2, 204: extremus dominorum, Tac. H. 4, 42 fin.: die extremum erat, Sall. J. 21, 2: extremum aestatis, id. ib. 90, 1: extremo anni, Liv. 35, 11, 1: sub extremum noctis, Sil. 4, 88 al.
          Prov.: extrema semper de ante factis judicant (cf. our wise after the event), Pub. Syr. 163 Rib.
          Adv.: extremum.
        1. a. For the last time: alloquor extremum maestos abiturus amicos, Ov. Tr. 1, 3, 15: cum diu occulte suspirassent, postea jam gemere, ad extremum vero loqui omnes et clamare coeperunt.
        2. b. At last, finally, Cic. Att. 2, 21, 2: extremum tenues liquefacta medullas Tabuit, Ov. M. 14, 431.
          Adverb. phrase: ad extremum, id. Phil. 13, 20, 45; Caes. B. G. 4, 4, 2 et saep.; cf., strengthened by tum: invenire quod dicas … deinde … post … tum ad extremum agere ac pronuntiare, Cic. de Or. 2, 19, 79; and strengthened by denique: ad extremum ipsa denique necessitate excitantur, id. Sest. 47, 100: decimo loco testis exspectatus et ad extremum reservatus dixit, etc., till the end, to the last, id. Caecin. 10, 28: ad extremum, Ov. P. 1, 9, 28; 3, 7, 20; for which: in extremum (durare), id. H. 7, 111: qui extremo mortuus est, at last, Dig. 32, 1, 81: extremo, Nep. Ham. 2, 3.
        3. b. Extreme in quality or degree; used, like ultimus, to denote both the highest and the lowest grade.
          1. (α) The utmost, highest, greatest: cum extremum hoc sit (sentis enim, credo, me jam diu, quod τέλος Graeci dicunt, id dicere tum extremum, tum ultimum, tum summum: licebit etiam finem pro extremo aut ultimo dicere) cum igitur hoc sit extremum, congruenter naturae vivere, etc., Cic. Fin. 3, 7, 26: extremam famem sustentare, Caes. B. G. 7, 17, 3: ad extrema et inimicissima jura tam cupide decurrebas, Cic. Quint. 15, 48; cf.: decurritur ad illud extremum atque ultimum S. C., Dent operam consules, etc., Caes. B. C. 1, 5, 3: extremam rationem belli sequens, id. ib. 3, 44, 1: neque aliud se fatigando nisi odium quaerere, extremae dementiae est, is the height of madness, Sall. J. 3, 3: in extremis suis rebus, in the utmost, greatest danger, Caes. B. G. 2, 25 fin.: res, Suet. Ner. 6 fin.; cf.: res jam ad extremum perducta casum, Caes. B. G. 3, 5, 1: necessitate extrema ad mortem agi, Tac. A. 13, 1.
            Subst.: si nihil in Lepido spei sit, descensurum ad extrema, to desperate measures, Pollio ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 33, 4: ad extrema perventum est, Curt. 4, 14, 14: ad extrema ventum foret, ni, etc., Liv. 2, 47, 8: compellere ad extrema deditionis, to surrender at discretion, Flor. 4, 5; cf.: famem, ferrum et extrema pati, Tac. H. 4, 59: plura de extremis loqui, id. ib. 2, 47 al.: res publica in extremo sita, Sall. C. 52, 11; Sen. de Ira, 1, 11, 5.
            Adverb.: improbus homo, sed non ad extremum perditus, utterly, Liv. 23, 2, 4.
          2. (β) The lowest, vilest, meanest (perh. not ante-Aug.): mancipia, Sen. Ep. 70 fin.: latrones, App. M. 3, p. 131: quidam sortis extremae juvenis, Just. 15, 1: alimenta vitae, Tac. A. 6, 24: extremi ingenii est, Liv. 22, 29, 8.
    2. B. extĭmus or extŭmus, a, um, the outermost, farthest, most remote (rare but class.): novem orbes, quorum unus est caelestis, extimus, qui reliquos omnes complectitur, Cic. Rep. 6, 17: circum caesura membrorum, Lucr. 3, 219; 4, 647: promontorium Oceani, Plin. 5, 1, 1, § 1: gentes, id. 2, 78, 80, § 190: factus sum extimus a vobis, i. e. discarded, estranged, Plaut. Fragm. ap. Prisc. p. 609 P.
      Subst.: Apuliae extima, the borders, Plin. 6, 34, 39, § 217.

ex-tĕro, trīvi, trītum, 3, to rub out, bring out by rubbing; to remove by rubbing, to rub off or away (rare; not in Cic.).

  1. I. Lit.: extritus viribus ignis, Lucr. 5, 1098: jumentorum ungulis e spica exteruntur grana, Varr. R. R. 1, 52, 2: messem, Plin. 18, 30, 72, § 298; Col. 2, 9, 11: littera extrita, elided, Varr. L. L. 5, § 96 Müll.; id. R. R. 2, 1, 7: gemma politur ex marmore, ut inutilia exterantur, Plin. 37, 10, 62, § 172: opus poliat lima, non exterat, Quint. 10, 4, 4: rubiginem ferro, Plin. 31, 6, 33, § 66: congestas exteret ille nives, will tread down, crush, Ov. Am. 1, 9, 12; cf.: anima hominis magno pondere extriti, crushed, Sen. Ep. 57 med.
  2. II. Trop., to wear out by use, to use up: tabes mercium aut fraus Seplasiae sic exteritur, Plin. 34, 11, 25, § 108 Sillig (Jan. taxetur).