Lewis & Short

Parsing inflected forms may not always work as expected. If the following does not give the correct word, try Perseus.

The word Kæso could not be parsed. Trying a normal dictionary lookup:

No entries found. Showing closest matches:

Caeso (Kaeso, v. the letter K), ōnis, m. [a caeso matris utero dictus, Plin. 7, 9, 7, § 47; cf. Paul. ex Fest. p. 57 Müll.; Isid. Orig. 9, 3, 12, and v. Caesar init.], a Roman cognomen in the gens Fabia, Liv. 2, 43, 2; 2, 48, 3 and 4; 3, 11, 6 sq. et saep.

† 1. călo (as a very ancient word, with its derivatives also written kălo; v. the letter K), āre, v. a. [cf. Gr. καλῶ; Engl. call], to call, call out, proclaim, call together, summon, convoke; only as t. t. in reference to religious matters; v. Kalendae, and the ancient formulary in Varr. L. L. 6, § 27 Müll.; cf. Macr. S. 1, 15: calata comitia, a kind of comitia held for the purpose of consecrating a priest or a king. Of these, some were curiata, others centuriata, Laelius Felix ap. Gell. 15, 27 sq.: Calata in Capitolium plebe, Macr. S. 1, 15; Quint. 1, 6, 33.
Hence, sarcastically, on account of bribery, calatis granis (instead of comitiis), Cic. Sest. 33, 72 Orell.

călumnĭa (old form kălumnĭa; v. the letter K), ae, f. [perh. for calvomnia, from calvor; cf. incīlo], trickery, artifice, chicanery, cunning device.

  1. I. Lit.
    1. A. In gen.: per obtrectatores Lentuli calumniā extracta res est, Cic. Q. Fr. 2, 2, 3: (Lucullus) inimicorum calumniā triennio tardius quam debuerat triumphavit, id. Ac. 2, 1, 3: inpediti ne triumpharent calumniā paucorum, quibus omnia honesta atque inhonesta vendere mos erat, Sall. C. 30, 4: Metellus calumniā dicendi tempus exemit, Cic. Att. 4, 3, 3: cum omni morā, ludificatione, calumniā senatūs auctoritas impediretur, id. Sest. 35, 75.
      Plur.: res ab adversariis nostris extracta est variis calumniis, Cic. Fam. 1, 4, 1.
    2. B. In partic.
      1. 1. A pretence, evasion, subterfuge: juris judicium cum erit et aequitatis, cave in istā tam frigidā, tam jejunā calumniā delitescas, Cic. Caecin. 21, 61: senatus religionis calumniam non religione, sed malevolentiā … comprobat, id. Fam. 1, 1, 1: Carneades … itaque premebat alio modo nec ullam adhibebat calumniam, id. Fat. 14, 31: calumniam stultitiamque ejus obtrivit ac contudit, id. Caecin. 7, 18: illud in primis, ne qua calumnia, ne qua fraus, ne quis dolus adhibeatur, id. Dom. 14, 36: quae major calumnia est, quam venire imberbum adulescentulum … dicere se filium senatorem sibi velle adoptare? id. ib. 14, 37.
      2. 2. In discourse, etc., a misrepresentation, false statement, fallacy, cavil (cf.: cavillatio, perfugium): haec cum uberius disputantur et fusius, facilius effugiunt Academicorum calumniam, Cic. Ac. 2, 7, 20: (Carneades) saepe optimas causas ingenii calumniā ludificari solet, id. Rep. 3, 5, 9: nec Arcesilae calumnia conferenda est cum Democriti verecundiā, id. Ac. 2, 5, 14: si in minimis rebus pertinacia reprehenditur, calumnia etiam coërcetur, id. ib. 2, 20, 65: altera est calumnia, nullam artem falsis adsentiri opinionibus, Quint. 2, 17, 18: si quis tamen … ad necessaria aliquid melius adjecerit, non erit hac calumniā reprendendus, id. 12, 10, 43.
      3. 3. A false accusation, malicious charge, esp. a false or malicious information, or action at law, a perversion of justice ( = συκοφαντία): jam de deorum inmortalium templis spoliatis qualem calumniam ad pontifices adtulerit? false report, Liv. 39, 4, 11: Scythae … cum confecto jam bello supervenissent, et calumniā tardius lati auxilii, mercede fraudarentur, an unjust charge, Just. 42, 1, 2: quamquam illa fuit ad calumniam singulari consilio reperta ratio … Quae res cum ad pactiones iniquissimas magnam vim habuit, tum vero ad calumnias in quas omnes inciderent, quos vellent Apronius, Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 15, § 38: causam calumniae reperire, id. ib. 2, 2, 8, § 21: (Heraclius), a quo HS. C. milia per calumniam malitiamque petita sunt, id. ib. 2, 2, 27, § 66: mirari improbitatem calumniae, id. ib. 2, 2, 15, § 37: exsistunt etiam saepe injuriae calumniā quādam et nimis callidā juris interpretatione, id. Off. 1, 10, 33: iste amplam occasionem calumniae nactus, id. Verr. 2, 2, 25, § 61: quem iste in decumis, in rebus capitalibus, in omni calumniā praecursorem habere solebat et emissarium, id. ib. 2, 5, 41, § 108; 2, 2, 9, § 25: ad rapinas convertit animum, vario et exquisitissimo calumniarum et auctionum et vectigalium genere, Suet. Calig. 38 init.; cf. the context: calumniā litium alienos fundos petere, Cic. Mil. 27, 74: adeo illis odium Romanorum incussit rapacitas proconsulum, sectio publicanorum, calumniae litium, Just. 38, 7, 8: calumniarum metum inicere alicui, Suet. Caes. 20: principes confiscatos ob tam leve ac tam inpudens calumniarum genus, ut, etc., id. Tib. 49: calumniis rapinisque intendit animum, id. Ner. 32: creditorum turbam … nonnisi terrore calumniarum amovit, id. Vit. 7: fiscales calumnias magna calumniantium repressit, id. Dom. 9 fin.
        Plur.: istae calumniae, App. Mag. 1, p. 273, 9; cf.: calumnia magiae, id. ib. 2, p. 274, 10.
      4. 4. Hence, jurid. t. t., the bringing of an action, whether civil or criminal, in bad faith: actoris calumnia quoque coërcetur, litigiousness on the part of the plaintiff, Just. Inst. 4, 16, 1 Sandars ad loc.; Gai Inst. 4, 174: vetus calumniae actio, a prosecution for blackmail or malicious prosecution, id. ib.: calumniam jurare, to take the oath that the action is brought or defence offered in good faith, Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 8, 3: sei juraverit calumniae causā non postulare, Lex Acil. Repetund. 19; Dig. 39, 2, 7; cf.: praeter jusjurandum exigere non calumniae causā infitias ire, Gai Inst. 4, 172: jusjurandum exigere non calumniae causā agere, id. ib. 4, 176.
        Hence: nec satis habere bello vicisse Hannibalem, nisi velut accusatores calumniam in eum jurarent ac nomen deferrent, Liv. 33, 37, 5 Weissenb. ad loc; so, de calumniā jurare, Dig. 39, 2, 13, § 3: jusjurandum de calumniā, Gai Inst. 4, 179; Dig. 12, 3, 34 al.: et quidem calumniae judicium adversus omnes actiones locum habet, a conviction in a cross-action for malicious prosecution, Gai Inst. 4, 175: turpissimam personam calumniae honestae civitati inponere, to fasten the vile character of a malicious prosecutor upon, Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 17, § 43: sine ignominiā calumniae accusationem relinquere non posse, id. Clu. 31, 86.
        The person convicted of this charge was branded on the forehead with the letter K; v. calumniator.
  2. II. Transf., a conviction for malicious prosecution ( = calumniae judicium, v. I. A. 4. supra): hic illo privato judicio, mihi credite, calumniam non effugiet, Cic. Clu. 59, 163: scito C. Sempronium Rufum, mel ac delicias tuas, calumniam maximo plausu tulisse, Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 8, 1: accusare alienae dominationis scelerisque socius propter calumniae metum non est ausus, Cic. Dom. 19, 49: perinde poenā teneri ac si publico judicio calumniae condemnatus, Tac. A. 14, 41: calumniam fictis eludere jocis, Phaedr. 3, prol. 37.
  3. III. Trop.
    1. A. Of abstr. things: in hac igitur calumniā timoris et caecae suspitionis tormento, cum plurima ad alieni sensūs conjecturam, non ad suum judicium scribantur, i. e. when the writer’s mind is made the fool of his fears, Caecil. ap. Cic. Fam. 6, 7, 4.
    2. B. Contra se, a mistaken severity towards one’s self: inveni qui Ciceroni crederent, eum (Calvum) nimiā contra se calumniā verum sanguinem perdidisse, Quint. 10, 1, 115 (referring to Cic. Brut. 82, 283: nimium inquirens in se atque ipse sese observans, metuensque ne vitiosum colligeret, etiam verum sanguinem deperdebat).

călumnĭātor (kălumnĭātor; v. the foreg.), ōris, m. [calumnior]; mostly t. t.,

  1. I. a contriver of tricks or artifices, a pettifogger, a perverter of law, a chicaner (sometimes, perhaps, branded on the forehead with the letter K = calumniator; cf. Voss, Arist. 1, 17; Ernest. Clav. Cic. Ind. Leg. s. v. Remmia): si calvitur et moretur et frustratur. Inde et calumniatores appellati sunt, quia per fraudem et frustrationem alios vexarent litibus, Dig. 50, 16, 223: scriptum sequi calumniatoris esse: boni judicis, voluntatem scriptoris auctoritatemque defendere, Cic. Caecil. 23, 65: calumniatores apponere, id. Verr. 2, 1, 10, § 27: calumniatorem quaerere, id. ib. 2, 2, 8, § 22; 2, 2, 10, § 26: egens, id. Clu. 59, 163; id. Quint. 28, 87; Phaedr. 1, 17, 2; Mart. 11, 66, 1; Dig. 3, 2, 4, § 4; Suet. Rhet. 4.
  2. II. Trop.: calumniator sui, one who is too anxious in regard to his work, over-scrupulous, Plin. 34, 8, 19, § 92; cf. calumnia, III. B., and calumnior, II. B.

călumnĭor (anciently kăl-; v. the letter K), ātus, 1, v. dep. act. [calumnia].

  1. I. Jurid. t. t.
    1. A. To accuse falsely, bring false information against a person.
      1. 1. Absol.: calumniari est falsa crimina intendere, Dig. 48, 16, 1, § 1; cf. ib. prooem.: ut hic quoque Apronio … ex miseris aratoribus calumniandi quaestus accederet, Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 15, § 38: cum aliquid habeat quod possit criminose ac suspitiose dicere, aperte ludificari et calumniari sciens non videatur, id. Rosc. Am. 20, 55: cum (defensor) accusatorem calumniari criminatur, Auct. Her. 2, 6, 9: nondum Romam accusator Eumenes venerat, qui calumniando omnia detorquendoque suspecta et invisa efficeret, Liv. 42, 42, 5: tabulae veterum aerari debitorum, vel praecipua calumniandi materia, Suet. Aug. 32: magna calumniantium poena, id. Dom. 9: minus objectus calumniantibus foret, Quint. 6, 3, 5: calumniatur accusator actione sacrilegii, cum privata fuerit (pecunia sublata) non sacra, id. 4, 2, 8: an petitorem calumniari, an reum infitiatorem esse, id. 7, 2, 50.
      2. 2. With acc.: si tamen alio crimine postuletur ab eodem, qui in alio crimine eum calumniatus est, puto non facile admittendum eum qui semel calumniatus est, Dig. 48, 2, 7, § 3: sed non utique qui non probat quod intendit calumniari videtur, ib. 48, 16, 1, § 3.
    2. B. To practise chicanery, trickery, or subterfuge: jacet res in controversiis isto calumniante biennium, Cic. Quint. 21, 67: meque, etiam si diutius calumniarentur. redire jussistis, id. Red. in Sen. 11, 27.
  2. II. In gen., to depreciate, misrepresent, calumniate, to blame unjustly.
    1. A. With personal object: nam, quod antea te calumniatus sum, indicabo malitiam meam, Cic. Fam. 9, 7, 1; cf.: nisi calumniari naturam rerum homines quam sibi prodesse mallent, Plin. 18, 28, 68, § 272: aliis tamen eum verbis calumniatur, Gell. 6 (7), 3, 23.
      With dat. (late Lat.): non solum filio sed etiam patri, Ambros. Inc. Dom. Sacr. 8, 83.
      1. 2. Esp., with se, to depreciate one’s self, be unduly anxious or careful: quibusdam tamen nullus est finis calumniandi se, et … qui etiam, cum optima sunt reperta, quaerunt aliquid, quod sit magis antiquum, remotum, inopinatum, Quint. 8, proocm. § 31: neque eos … ad infelicem calumniandi se poenam alligandos puto, id. 10, 3, 10.
    2. B. Absol.: sed calumniabar ipse; putabam, qui obviam mihi venisset, suspicaturum, i. e. indulged unreasonable fears, Cic. Fam. 9, 2, 3; cf. A. 2. supra.
    3. C. With things as objects, to misrepresent, interpret injuriously, set in a false light: non calumniatur verba nec voltus; quicquid accidit, benigne interpretando levat, Sen. Ep. 81, 25: suspitionibus inquietantur medicisque jam sani manum porrigunt et omnem calorem corporis sui calumniantur, id. Tranq. 2, 1: festinationem alicujus, Quint. 2, 1, 12: id unum, Tac. H. 3, 75: jus civile, Dig. 10, 4, 19.

căpŭt (kăp-căpud), ĭtis (abl. sing. regularly capite: capiti, Cat. 68, 124; cf. Tib. 1, 1, 72 Huschk., where the MSS., as well as Caes. German. Arat. 213, vary between the two forms), n. [kindr. with Sanscr. kap-āla; Gr. κεφ-αλή; Goth. haubith; Germ. Haupt].

  1. I. The head, of men and animals: oscitat in campis caput a cervice revolsum, Enn. Ann. 462 Vahl.: i lictor, conliga manus, caput obnubito, form. ap. Cic. Rab. Perd. 4, 13; cf. Liv. 1, 26, 6: tun’ capite cano amas, homo nequissume? Plaut. Merc. 2, 2, 34; so, cano capite, id. As. 5, 2, 84; id. Cas. 3, 1, 4; Tib. 1, 1, 72; Pers. 1, 83 al.; cf. Tib. 1, 10, 43, and: capitis nives, Hor. C. 4, 13, 12, and Quint. 8, 6, 17 Spald.: raso capite calvus, Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 306: irraso, id. Rud. 5, 2, 16: intonsum, Quint. 12, 10, 47: amputare alicui, Suet. Galb. 20; Vulg. 1 Par. 10, 9: capite operto, Cic. Sen. 10, 34, 34: obvoluto, id. Phil. 2, 31, 77 Klotz: caput aperire, id. ib.: abscindere cervicibus, id. ib. 11, 2, 5: demittere, Caes. B. G. 1, 32; Cat. 87, 8; Verg. A. 9, 437: attollere. Ov. M. 5, 503: extollere, to become bold, Cic. Planc. 13, 33: efferre, to raise one’s head, to be eminent, Verg. E. 1, 25 al.
    Of animals, Tib. 2, 1, 8; Hor. S. 1, 2, 89; 2, 3, 200; id. Ep. 1, 1, 76 al.
        1. b. Prov.: supra caput esse, to be over one’s head, i. e. to be at one’s very doors, to threaten in consequence of nearness ( = imminere, impendere), Sall. C. 52, 24; Liv. 3, 17, 2; Cic. Q. Fr. 1, 2, 2, § 6; Tac. H. 4, 69; cf. Kritz ad Sall. l. l.: capita conferre (like our phrase to put heads together, i. e to confer together in secret), Liv. 2, 45, 7: ire praecipitem in lutum, per caputque pedesque, over head and ears, Cat. 17, 9: nec caput nec pedes, neither beginning nor end, good for nothing, Cic. Fam. 7, 31, 2; cf. Cato ap. Liv. Epit. lib. 50; Plaut. As. 3, 3, 139 sq.
        2. c. Capita aut navia (al. navim), heads or tails, a play of the Roman youth in which a piece of money is thrown up, to see whether the figure-side (the head of Janus) or the reverse-side (a ship) will fall uppermost, Macr. S. 1, 7; Aur. Vict. Orig. 3; cf. Ov. F. 1, 239; Paul. Nol. Poëm. 38, 73.
        3. d. Poet., the head, as the seat of the understanding: aliena negotia Per caput saliunt, run through the head, Hor. S. 2, 6, 34; so id. ib. 2, 3, 132; id. A. P. 300.
        4. e. Ad Capita bubula, a place in Rome in the tenth region, where Augustus was born, Suet. Aug. 5.
      1. 2. Transf., of inanimate things.
        1. a. In gen., the head, top, summit, point, end, extremity (beginning or end): ulpici, Cato, R. R. 71: allii, Col. 6, 34, 1: porri, id. 11, 3, 17: papaveris, Liv. 1, 54, 6; Verg. A. 9, 437: bulborum, Plin. 19, 5, 30, § 94: caulis, id. 19, 8, 41, § 140 al.: jecoris (or jecinoris, jocinoris), Cic. Div. 2, 13, 32; Liv. 8, 9, 1; cf. id. 27, 26, 14; 41, 14, 7; cf. Paul. ex Fest. p. 244 Müll.: extorum, Ov. M. 15, 795; Luc. 1, 627; Plin. 11, 37, 73, § 189: pontis, tēte de pont, Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 18, 4; cf. Front. Arat. 2, 13, 5: tignorum, Caes. B. C. 2, 9: columnae, Plin. 34, 3, 7, § 13: molis, the highest point of the mole, Curt. 4, 2, 23: xysti, Plin. Ep. 2, 17, 20: porticus, id. ib. 5, 6, 19 al.
        2. b. Esp., of rivers,
          1. (α) The origin, source, spring (head): caput aquae illud est, unde aqua nascitur, Dig. 43, 20, 1, § 8; so Lucr. 5, 270; 6, 636; 6, 729; Tib. 1, 7, 24; Hor. C. 1, 1, 22; id. S. 1, 10, 37; Verg. G. 4, 319; 4, 368; Ov. M. 2, 255; Hirt. B. G. 8, 41; Liv. 1, 51, 9; 2, 38, 1; 37, 18, 6: fontium, Vitr. 8, 1; Mel. 3, 2, 8; Plin. Ep. 8, 8, 5; 10, 91, 1 al.
          2. (β) (more rare) The mouth, embouchure, Caes. B. G. 4, 10; Liv. 33, 41, 7; Luc. 2, 52; 3, 202.
        3. c. Also of plants, sometimes the root, Cato, R. R. 36; 43; 51: vitis, id. ib. 33, 1; 95, 2; Plin. 17, 22, 35, § 195; Verg. G. 2, 355.
        4. d. Also, in reference to the vine, vine branches, Col. 3, 10, 1; Cic. Sen. 15, 53.
          Poet., also the summit, top of trees, Enn. ap. Gell. 13, 20, and ap. Non. 195, 24; Ov. M. 1, 567; Poët. ap. Quint. 9, 4, 90; Claud. Rapt. Pros. 3, 370.
        5. e. Of mountains, rocks, Verg. A. 4, 249; 6, 360.
        6. f. Of a boil that swells out, Cels. 8, 9; hence, facere, to come to a head, Plin. 22, 25, 76, § 159; 26, 12, 77, § 125; cf.: capita deorum appellabantur fasciculi facti ex verbenis, Paul. ex Fest. p. 64 Müll.
  2. II. Per meton. (pars pro toto), a man, person, or animal (very freq. in prose and poetry; cf. κάρα, κεφαλή, [??], in the same signif.; v. Liddell and Scott and Robinson): pro capite tuo quantum dedit, Plaut. Most. 1, 3, 54; id. Pers. 1, 1, 37: hoc conruptum’st caput, id. Ep. 1, 1, 85: siquidem hoc vivet caput, i. e. ego, id. Ps. 2, 4, 33; so id. Stich. 5, 5, 10; cf. id. Capt. 5, 1, 25: ridiculum caput! Ter. And. 2, 2, 34: festivum, id. Ad. 2, 3, 8: lepidum, id. ib. 5, 9, 9: carum, Verg. A. 4, 354; Hor. C. 1, 24, 2: liberum, Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 32, § 79: vilia, Liv. 25, 6, 9: viliora, id. 9, 26, 22: vilissima, id. 24, 5, 13: ignota, id. 3, 7, 7; cf. id. 2, 5, 6: liberorum servorumque, id. 29, 29, 3 al.
    In imprecations: istic capiti dicito, Plaut. Rud. 3, 6, 47; cf.: vae capiti tuo, id. Most. 4, 3, 10; so id. Poen. 3, 3, 32; Ter. Phorm. 3, 2, 6; Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 1, 4; Tib. 1, 2, 12; Verg. A. 8, 484; 11, 399 al.
    With numerals: capitum Helvetiorum milia CCLXIII., souls, Caes. B. G. 1, 29; 4, 15: quot capitum vivunt, totidem studiorum Milia, Hor. S. 2, 1, 27; id. Ep. 2, 2, 189; cf. id. C. 1, 28, 20 al.; so, in capita, in distribution, to or for each person (cf. in Heb. also [??], for each head, poll, = for each individual, v. Robinson in h. v.), Liv. 2, 33, 11; 32, 17, 2; 34, 50, 6 al. (cf.: in singulos, id. 42, 4, 5).
    Of. the poll-tax: exactio capitum, Cic. Fam. 3, 8, 5; so, capite censi, v. censeo.
    Of animals, Verg. A. 3, 391; Col. 6, 5, 4 fin.; 8, 5, 4; 8, 5, 7; 8, 11, 13; Veg. Vet. 1, 18.
  3. III. Trop.
      1. 1. Life, and specif.,
        1. a. Physical life: carum, Plaut. Capt. 2, 1, 33 sq.; 5, 1, 26: si capitis res siet, if it is a matter of life and death, id. Trin. 4, 2, 120: capitis periculum adire, to risk one’s life, Ter. And. 4, 1, 53; id. Hec. 3, 1, 54; cf. id. Phorm. 3, 2, 6 Runnk.: capitis poena, capital punishment, Caes. B. G. 7, 71: pactum pro capite pretium, Cic. Off. 3, 29, 107: cum altero certamen honoris et dignitatis est, cum altero capitis et famae, id. ib. 1, 12, 38: cum dimicatione capitis, id. Prov. Cons. 9, 23; cf.: suo capite decernere, id. Att. 10, 9, 2; so Liv. 2, 12, 10; Cic. Fin. 5, 22, 64; Liv. 9, 5, 5: caput offerre pro patriā, Cic. Sull. 30, 84: patrium tibi crede caput, i. e. patris vitam et salutem, Ov. M. 8, 94; so, capitis accusare, to accuse of a capital crime, Nep. Paus. 2 fin.: absolvere, id. Milt. 7, 6: damnare, id. Alcib. 4, 5; id. Eum. 5, 1: tergo ac capite puniri, Liv. 3, 55, 14: caput Jovi sacrum, id. 3, 55, 7: sacratum, id. 10, 38, 3 al.; cf. Ov. M. 9, 296.
        2. b. Civil or political life, acc. to the Roman idea, including the rights of liberty, citizenship, and family (libertatis, civitatis, familiae): its loss or deprivation was called deminutio or minutio capitis, acc. to the foll. jurid. distinction: capitis deminutionis tria genera sunt: maxima, media, minima; tria enim sunt, quae habemus: libertatem, civitatem, familiam. Igitur cum omnia haec amittimus (as by servitude or condemnation to death), maximam esse capitis deminutionem; cum vero amittimus civitatem (as in the interdictio aquae et ignis) libertatem retinemus, mediam esse capitis deminutionem; cum et libertas et civitas retinetur, familia tantum mutatur (as by adoption, or, in the case of women, by marriage) minimam esse capitis deminutionem constat, Dig. 4, 5, 11; cf. Just. Inst. 1, 16, 4; Cic. de Or. 1, 40, 181; 1, 54, 231; id. Tusc. 1, 29, 71; Liv. 3, 55, 14; 22, 60, 15: capitis minor, Hor. C. 3, 5, 42: servus manumissus capite non minuitur, quia nulnum caput habuit, Dig. 4, 5, 3, § 1.
          Of the deminutio media, Cic. Brut. 36, 136; id. Verr. 2, 2, 40, §§ 98 and 99; id. Quint. 2, 8 al.
          Of the deminutio minima, Cic. Top. 4, 18; cf. Gai Inst. 1, 162.
      2. 2. The first or chief person or thing, the head, leader, chief, guide (very freq.).
          1. (α) With gen.: scelerum, an arrant knave, Plaut. Curc. 2, 1, 19; id. Bacch. 4, 7, 31; id. Mil. 2, 6, 14; id. Ps. 1, 5, 31; 4, 5, 3; id. Rud. 4, 4, 54: perjuri, id. ib. 4, 4, 55: concitandorum Graecorum, Cic. Fl. 18, 42: consilil, Liv. 8, 31, 7: conjurationis, id. 9, 26, 7: caput rei Romanae Camillus, id. 6, 3, 1; cf.: caput rerum Masinissam fuisse, id. 28, 35, 12; so id. 26, 40, 13: reipublicae, Tac. A. 1, 13: nominis Latini, heads, chiefs, Liv. 1, 52, 4: belli, id. 45, 7, 3: Suevorum, chieftribe, Tac. G. 39 fin. al.
            The predicate in gen. masc.: capita conjurationis ejus virgis caesi ac securi percussi, Liv. 10, 1, 3.
          2. (β) With esse and dat.: ego caput fui argento reperiundo, Plaut. As. 3, 3, 138; cf.: illic est huic rei caput, author, contriver, Ter. And. 2, 6, 27; so id. Ad. 4, 2, 29 al.
          3. (γ) Absol.: urgerent philosophorum greges, jam ab illo fonte et capite Socrate, Cic. de Or. 1, 10, 42: corpori valido caput deerat, guide, leader, Liv. 5, 46, 5: esse aliquod caput (i. e. regem) placebat, id. 1, 17, 4; cf. id. 1, 23, 4; Hor. S. 2, 5, 74 al.
            Of things, head, chief, capital, etc.; thus of cities: Thebas caput fuisse totius Graeciae, head, first city, Nep. Epam. 10 fin.; so with gen., Liv. 9, 37, 12; 10, 37, 4 Weissenb. ad loc.; 23, 11, 11; 37, 18, 3 (with arx); cf.: pro capite atque arce Italiae, urbe Romanā, Liv. 22, 32, 5; and with dat.: Romam caput Latio esse, id. 8, 4, 5; and: brevi caput Italiae omni Capuam fore, id. 23, 10, 2 Drak. N. cr.
            Of other localities: castellum quod caput ejus regionis erat, the head, principal place, Liv. 21, 33, 11.
            Of other things: jus nigrum, quod cenae caput erat, the principal dish, Cic. Tusc. 5, 34, 98; cf. id. Fin. 2, 8, 25: patrimonii publici, id. Agr. 1, 7, 21; cf. id. ib. 2, 29, 80; Liv. 6, 14, 10: caput esse artis, decere, the main or principal point, Cic. de Or. 1, 29, 132: caput esse ad beate vivendum securitatem, id. Lael. 13, 45: ad consilium de re publicā dandum caput est nosse rem publicam; ad dicendum vero probabiliter, nosse mores civitatis, id. de Or. 2, 82, 337; 1, 19, 87: litterarum, summary, purport, substance, id. Phil. 2, 31, 77: caput Epicuri, the fundamental principle, dogma, id. Ac. 2, 32, 101; cf. Quint. 3, 11, 27: rerum, the chief or central point, head, Cic. Brut. 44, 164.
            So in writings, a division, section, paragraph, chapter, etc.: a primo capite legis usque ad extremum, Cic. Agr. 2, 6, 15; cf. id. ib. 2, 10, 26; id. Verr. 2, 1, 46, § 118 Ascon.; id. Fam. 3, 8, 4; Gell. 2, 15, 4 al.; Cic. de Or. 2, 55, 223; id. Fam. 7, 22 med.; Quint. 10, 7, 32: id quod caput est, Cic. Att. 1, 17, 4; so id. Fam. 3, 7, 4.
            Of money, the principal sum, the capital, stock (syn. sors; opp. usurae), Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 4, § 11; 2, 3, 35, § 80 sq.; id. Att. 15, 26, 4; Liv. 6, 15, 10; 6, 35, 4; Hor. S. 1, 2, 14 al.

1. Carthāgo (Karth-, and without asp. Kartāgo), ĭnis (locat. Carthagini, like Tiburi, ruri, domi, etc., Plaut. Cas. prol. 71; Cic. Agr. 2, 33, 90; Liv. 28, 26, 1 sq.; 31, 11, 7 al.; cf. Schneid. Gr. 2. p. 236; Zumpt, Gr. § 63, note), f., [??] [??] (prop. new town: istam urbem Carthadam Elissa dixit, quod Phoenicum ore exprimit Civitatem Novam, Sol. c. 40 (27, 10 Bip.); cf. Gesen. Gesch. d. Hebr. Spr. and Schr. pp. 228 and 229; and Robinson, Lexic. s. v. [??]).

  1. I. The city of Carthage, in Northern Africa (Gr. Καρχηδών), whose ruins are in the vicinity of Tunis; also with the app. Magna, Mel. 1, 7, 2; Plin. 5, 1, 1, § 4; 5, 4, 3, § 24; Cato ap. Serv. ad Verg. A. 4, 683 al.
    Hence,
    1. B. Carthāgĭnĭensis (upon the Column. Rostr. CARTACINIENSIS), e, adj., Carthaginian: COPIAE, Column. Rostr.: res, Liv. 21, 2, 5 et saep.
      Subst., a Carthaginian, Enn. Ann. 230 and 234 Vahl.; Cat. ap. Gell. 10, 24, 7.
  2. II. Carthago, also with the appel. Nova, a large seaport town founded by the Carthaginians after the first Punic war, in Hispania Tarraconensis, New Carthage, now Cartagena, Liv. 26, 42, 2 and 6 sq.; Mel. 2, 6, 7: Nova, Liv. 21, 5, 4; Plin. 3, 3, 4, § 19.
    Hence (cf. I.),
    1. B. Carthā-gĭnĭensis, e, adj., of or belonging to New Carthage: ager, Varr. R. R. 1, 57, 2: conventus, Plin. 3, 3, 4, § 18.
      In the form CARTHAGINENSIS, Inscr. Orell. 3040.

2. Carthāgo (Karth-), ĭnis, f., the daughter of the fourth Hercules, Cic. N. D. 3, 16, 42.

1. cārus (not chārus; in Inscrr. often kārus, Inscr. Orell. 1175; 2417 al.), a, um, adj. [Sanscr. kan, to be beloved; kāru, agreeable],

  1. I. dear, precious, valued, esteemed (pass., freq. and class. in prose and poetry; syn.: dilectus, amatus, acceptus, gratus; opp. vilis, neglectus, contemptus; carum esse; syn. diligi); act., loving, affectionate, Verg. A. 1, 646: carum ipsum verbum est amoris, ex quo amicitiae nomen est ductum, Cic. N. D. 1, 44, 122; id. Off. 2, 8, 29; id. Fin. 3, 20, 66; 5, 10, 29: ego illum scio, quam carus sit cordi meo, Plaut. Men. 2, 1, 21; id. Ep. 1, 2, 30: neque meo cordi esse quemquam cariorem, Ter. Eun. 1, 2, 121: ut dis inmortalibus cari simus et ab iis diligamur, Cic. Fin. 3, 20, 66: dis carus ipsis, Hor. C. 1, 31, 13: laeta pax cariores Sabinas viris fecit, Liv. 1, 13, 6: populo carus atque jucundus, Cic. Cat. 4, 6, 11: patriae, Hor. Ep. 1, 3, 29; Lucr. 1, 730: parentes, id. 3, 85: cari sunt parentes, cari liberi, propinqui, familiares: sed omnes omnium caritates patria una complexa est, Cic. Off. 1, 17, 57: mater carissima, Asin. ap. Quint. 9, 2, 34.
    So pater, Verg. A. 2, 707; Ov. M. 2, 649: genitor, Verg. A. 10, 789; Ov. M. 1, 486: genitrix, Verg. A. 1, 689: nutrix, id. ib. 4, 634: conjux, Ov. M. 11, 727: Thisbe, id. ib. 4, 143: nata, id. ib. 4, 222: nepotes, Cat. 64, 381: pignora, nati, Ov. F. 3, 218; so also pignora, nepotes, id. M. 3, 134; cf.: caput nepotis, Cat. 68, 120: frater carissimus atque amantissimus, Cic. Cat. 4, 2, 3: homines mihi carissimi et amicissimi, id. de Or. 2, 4, 15: illa, quam Ego animo Egregie caram habuerim, Ter. And. 1, 5, 38; so, carum habere aliquem, Cic. Fam. 1, 7, 11 fin. (with amare); id. Balb. 26, 59 (with diligere): omnis suos caros habet, me quidem se ipso cariorem, id. Att. 10, 11, 1: parentes carissimos habere, id. Red. Sen. 1, 2; Nep. Att. 10, 5; Quint. 5, 10, 74: ex decessu carissimorum, Sen. Cons. ad Marc. 7, 1: omnium societatum nulla est carior, Cic. Off. 1, 17, 57: patria, Hor. S. 2, 2, 104: Athenae, Cat. 64, 81: carmina legenti, Prop. 3 (4), 2, 13: crines, id. 1, 17, 21: simulacra, Ov. M. 14, 112: amplexus, id. ib. 9, 750 et saep.
    Prov. uses: patria mihi vită meă multo est carior, Cic. Cat. 1, 11, 27; so id. Sest. 20, 45; cf. Cat. 68, 159: carius oculis, id. 82, 2; 104, 2; Ov. M. 7, 847 al.
    Subst.: cāri mei, my loved ones, Plaut. Men. 1, 1, 29 al.
    In a double sense with II., Plaut. Bacch. 2, 3, 76 sq.; id. Men. 1, 1, 29 sq.; cf.: hoc est gratum nobisque est carius auro, Cat. 107, 3.
  2. II. Prop. (opp. vilis), dear, costly, of a high price: venio ad macellum, rogito pisces: indicant Caros, agninam caram, caram bubulam, cara omnia, Plaut. Aul. 2, 8, 3 sq.: quod ei amorem Carissimum … eum confeci sine sumptu, Ter. Eun. 5, 4, 5: quom cara annona sit, Plaut. Capt. 3, 1, 35: coquos carissimus, id. Ps. 3, 2, 59.
    So annona, Plaut. Stich. 1, 3, 25; Ter. And. 4, 4, 7; (comp.) Cic. Div. 2, 27, 59; (sup.) id. Dom. 6, 14 et saep.: aurum argentumque caelando carius fecimus (cf. just before: auximus pretia rerum), Plin. 33, praef. 2, § 4; cf.: cariora pretia facere, Just. 16, 4, 19.
    With abl. pretii: quod non opus est, asse carum est. Cato ap. Sen. Ep. 94, 28; so, trecentis, Plaut. Pers. 4, 4, 118.
    Adv. (rare).
    1. A. cārē.
      1. 1. Dearly, at a high price: vēnire, Varr. R. R. 3, 5, 2; comp., Cic. Dom. 44, 115; Suet. Calig. 27; sup., Sen. Ep. 42, 5.
      2. 2. Highly: carius aestimare, Plancus ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 4, 2.
    2. B. cārō (acc. to II.), dearly, at a high price, Dig. 19, 1, 13, § 3.

K, k, was used in the oldest period of the language as a separate character for the sound k, while C was used for the sound g. In course of time the character C came to be used also for the k sound, and, after the introduction of the character G, for that alone, and K disappeared almost entirely from the Latin orthography, except at the beginning of a few words, for each of which, also, the letter K itself was in common use as an abbreviation; thus, Kæso (or Cæso), Kalendæ (less correctly Calendæ), sometimes Karthago (or Kar.; v. Carthago); and in special connections, Kalumnia, Kaput (for Calumnia and Caput, e. g. k. k. = calumniae causā in jurid. lang.): nam k quidem in nullis verbis utendum puto, nisi quae significat, etiam ut sola ponatur, Quint. 1, 7, 10; cf. id. 1, 4, 9.
Some grammarians, indeed, as early as Quintilian’s time, thought it proper always to write K for initial C before a, Quint. 1, 7, 10.
Besides the above-mentioned abbreviations, the K is also found in KA. for capitalis, KK. for castrorum, K. S. for carus suis.

Kălendae (Cal-;

  1. I. v. the letter K), ārum, f. [root kal-, cal-; Gr. καλέω; Lat. calāre, clamo; cf. Varr. L. L. 6, § 27 Müll.; prop., the day when the order of days was proclaimed; hence], the Calends, the first day of the month: primi dies nominati Kalendae, ab eo quod his diebus calantur ejus mensis nonae a pontificibus, quintanae an septimanae sint futurae, Varr. L. L. l. l.; Macr. S. 1, 15: sed heus tu, ecquid vides Kalendas venire, Antonium non venire? Cic. Att. 2, 2, 3: litteras accepi datas pridie Kalendas Maias, on the last day of April, id. ib. 13, 20, 1.
    Interest was due on the first day of each month; hence: tristes Kalendae, Hor. S. 1, 3, 87: celeres, Ov. R. Am. 561.
    This reckoning of time was Roman only; hence: Kalendae Ausoniae, Ov. F. 1, 55.
    Prov.: ad Kalendas Graecas solvere, i. e. never, August. ap. Suet. Aug. 87.
    The Kalends were sacred to Juno, Ov. F. 1, 55; Macr. S. 1, 15; hence the first day of the year, Kalendae Martiae, was celebrated as a festival of married women, the Matronalia: dabat, sicut Saturnalibus viris apophoreta, ita per Kalendas Martias feminis, Suet. Vesp. 19: Martiis caelebs quid agam Kalendis, Hor. C. 3, 8, 1: scis certe, puto, vestra jam venire Saturnalia, Martias Kalendas, Mart. 5, 84, 10; Dig. 24, 1, 31, § 8; hence: femineae Kalendae = Kal. Mart., Juv. 9, 53: Kalendae Sextae, the Calends of June, Ov. F. 6, 181: Kalendae Germanicae, the Calends of September, Inscr. Orell. 4949 (cf.: in memoriam patris Septembrem mensem Germanicum appellavit, Suet. Calig. 15): Kalendae Januariae primae, of next January, Cato, R. R. 147 sq.; Inscr. Orell. 3121.
  2. II. Transf., a month: nec totidem veteres, quot nunc, habuere Kalendas, Ov. F. 3, 99: intra septimas Kalendas, Mart. 1, 100, 6; 10, 75, 7; Dig. 45, 1, 46.

Kălendālis or Kălendāris, e, adj. [Kalendae], of or belonging to the Kalends; of or belonging to the first day of the month: tributa Kalendalia, which fall due on the Kalends, Just. Edict. 13: Juno Kalendaris, to whom worship is paid on the Kalends, Macr. S. 1, 15, 18.

Kălendārĭum (Cal-), ii, n. [Kalendae],

  1. I. a debt-book, account-book, the interest-book of a money-lender, because monthly interest was reckoned to the Kalends: nemo beneficia in Kalendario scribit, Sen. Ben. 1, 2, 3: versare, id. Ep. 14, 18: quid fenus et Kalendarium et usura, nisi humanae cupiditatis extra naturam quaesita nomina, id. Ben. 7, 10, 3; Orig. 12, 1, 41; 15, 1, 58 al.; also called Kalendarii liber, Sen. Ep. 87, 7.
  2. II. Trop.: graciles aurium cutes Kalendarium expendunt, i. e. a fortune, a whole estate, Tert. Hab. Mul. 1, 9 fin.

Kălendārĭus, a, um, adj. [Kalendae], of or belonging to the Kalends: strena, Hier. in Ephes. 3, 6, 4.

Kalo, v. calo.

Karthāgo, v. Carthago.

† Koppa (Coppa), n. indecl., = κόππα, a letter of the original Greek alphabet, in which it stood between π and ρ, and corresponded to the Hebr. koph and the Lat. q. It was rejected in the literary language, κ taking its place, but was retained as a numeral, = 90, Quint. 1, 4, 9; 1, 7, 10.