Lewis & Short

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saevĭo, ii, ītum, 4 (old form of the imperf. saevibat, Lucr. 5, 1003; fut. saevibo, Mar. Vict. from Macr. 20, p. 443), v. n. [saevus], to be fierce or furious, to rage, to vent one’s rage (very freq. since the Aug. per.; once in Cæs.; not in Cic.; but saevus and saevitia several times in Cic.).

  1. I. Lit., of animals: ubi equus saevit, Lucr. 5, 1075: (lupus) rabieque fameque, Ov. M. 11, 369: anguis, Verg. G. 3, 434: panthera, Phaedr. 3, 2, 14: leo, Val. Fl. 6, 613 al.: aper in pecudes, Ov. M. 8, 296: accipiter in omnes aves, id. ib. 11, 345: canes in alios saevientes, Gell. 7, 1, 6.
    1. B. Esp., of the cries of enraged animals: hinc exaudiri gemitus iraeque leonum, … atque in praesepibus ursi Saevire, Verg. A. 7, 17 Forbig. ad loc. (cf. Rib. ad loc., who conjectures mugire): agni balant, porcelli gruniunt, ursi saeviunt, Spart. Get. 5.
  2. II. Transf., of any strong, passionate excitement, to rage, rave; to be furious, mad, violent, angry, etc. (cf.: furo, bacchor).
    1. A. Of persons: here mi, nimium saevis, Plaut. Cas. 3, 5, 20; id. Truc. 5, 4; cf. id. Ps. 5, 1, 4: ah, ne saevi tantopere, Ter. And. 5, 2, 27: ne saevi, magna sacerdos, Verg. A. 6, 544: si quid saeviunt senes, Plaut. Ep. 5, 1, 51: leniter qui saeviunt sapiunt magis, who control their anger, id. Bacch. 3, 3, 4: saevire Fortuna ac miscere omnia coepit, Sall. C. 10, 1: saeviens turba, Liv. 8, 24: seditionibus saevire, id. 2, 44: in delectibus saevire solitos, id. 2, 44 Drak.: (paedagogi) imperiosi atque interim saevientes, Quint. 1, 1, 8: saevire securibus, Plin. Pan. 52, 4: saevit animis ignobile vulgus, Verg. A. 1, 149: animis acerbis (with procedere longius iras), id. ib. 5, 462: pater ardens Saevit, quod, etc., Hor. S. 1, 4, 49: saeviat atque novos moveat Fortuna tumultus, id. ib. 2, 2, 126: saevire in tergum et in cervices, Liv. 3, 45: in obsides innoxios, id. 28, 34: in delubra, id. 31, 30: in se ipsum, id. 1, 53: in conjuges ac liberos, Tac. Agr. 38; id. A. 3, 31 fin.; Suet. Aug. 13; Ov. M. 4, 712 al.; cf.: flagellis in aliquem, Juv. 10, 180; and: in se (corresp. to manus sibi inferre), Dig. 29, 5, 1, § 22.
      Poet., with dat.: qui mihi nunc saevit, Ov. H. 4, 148; Tib. 1, 2, 88.
      Poet., with inf. (cf. saevus, II. A.): cum manus impia saevit Sanguine Caesareo Romanum exstinguere nomen, Ov. M. 1, 200.
      Impers. pass.: clade saevitum est, Suet. Ner. 38: constat Trojā captā in ceteros saevitum esse Trojanos, Liv. 1, 1: in aliquid (aliquem), id. 34, 14; 41, 6; Vell. 2, 74, 44; Tac. Agr. 2; id. A. 1, 49; 4, 20; id. H. 2, 62 al.
    2. B. Of things: saevit minaci murmure ventus, Lucr. 1, 276; cf.: frustra mare saepe coortum Saevibat, id. 5, 1003: dum longus inter saeviat Ilion Romamque pontus, Hor. C. 3, 3, 37: pelagus, Tac. A. 15, 46: mare ventis, Sall. J. 78, 3: ventus, * Caes. B. G. 3, 13 fin.; cf. Aufidus, Hor. C. 4, 14, 27: medius dies solstitio, Sen. Hippol. 766: venenum in praecordiis, Hor. Epod. 3, 5: gula, Juv. 5, 94; cf. venter (sc. fame), App. M. 4, p. 145: arbor stridoribus, Sil. 13, 600: cum tibi flagrans amor … Saeviet circa jecur ulcerosum, Hor. C. 1, 25, 15: saevit amor ferri, Verg. A. 7, 461; 4, 532: dolor in erepto amore, Prop. 2, 8, 36 (8 b, 20): dolor in praecordiis, Petr. 17, 8: ira in aliquem, Ov. M. 14, 193: quo fortuna magis saevit, id. P. 2, 3, 51: fames, Val. Fl. 4, 499: morbus, Gell. 12, 5, 4: acerbus odor. Val. Fl. 4, 493: acer hinnitus equorum, Sil. 4, 97: oratio ferociens saeviensque (opp. demissa jacensque), Gell 1, 11, 15.

saevus, a, um (collat. form saevis, e; in gen. plur. saevium, Amm. 15, 9; 29, 5), adj. [etym. dub.; perh. akin with scaevus, q. v.], roused to fierceness (while ferus signifies naturally fierce); raging, furious, fell, savage, ferocious, etc. (mostly poet.)

  1. I. Lit., of animals: leones, Lucr. 3, 306; 4, 1016; cf.: saecla leonum, id. 5, 862: leaena, Tib. 3, 4, 90: lea, Ov. M. 4, 102: saevior leaena, Verg. G. 3, 246: apri, Lucr. 5, 1327: sues, id. 5, 1309: lupi, Tib. 1, 5, 54: canes, Prop. 4 (5), 4, 40; Ov. M. 7, 64: ferae, Tib. 1, 10, 6; Ov. M. 4, 404; 7, 387: belua, Hor. C. 1, 12, 22.
  2. II. Transf., of any vehement, passionate excitement, fierce, cruel, violent, harsh, severe, fell, dire, barbarous, etc. (syn.: crudelis, inmitis, trux, durus).
    1. A. Of persons: nunc truculento mihi atque saevo usus sene est, Plaut. Bacch. 4, 5, 3; so (with truculentus) id. Truc. 3, 2, 5; cf.: agrestis, saevus, tristis, parcus, truculentus, etc., Ter. Ad. 5, 4, 12: gens, Cic. poët. Tusc. 2, 8, 20: ex amore saevus, Plaut. Am. 1, 3, 43: uxor, cross, Ter. Phorm. 5, 1, 17: vir, Hor. C. 3, 10, 2: custos, id. Ep. 1, 16, 77: magister, id. ib. 1, 18, 13: novercae, Verg. G. 2, 128: Canidia, Hor. Epod. 5, 47: Tisiphone, id. S. 1, 8, 33: mater Cupidinum, id. C. 1, 19, 1; 4, 1, 5: Juno, Verg. A. 1, 4; cf.: conjux Jovis, Ov. M. 9, 199: Proserpina, Hor. C. 1, 28, 20: Necessitas, id. ib. 1, 35, 17: tyrannus, Ov. M. 6, 581; cf.: cum tyranno saevissimo et violentissimo in suos, Liv. 34, 32: saevus metu, Suet. Dom. 3: aliquanto post civilis belli victoriam saevior, id. ib. 10: post cujus interitum vel saevissimus exstitit, id. Tib. 61: saevorum saevissime Centaurorum, Euryte, Ov. M. 12, 219 et saep.: saevus in armis Aeneas acuit Martem, terrible, δεινός, Verg. A. 12, 107: Hector, id. ib. 1, 99; Ov. M. 13, 177: Achilles, id. ib. 12, 582: sed manibus qui saevus erit, Tib. 1, 10, 67: nimium in pellice saevae deae, Ov. M. 4, 547: videt Atridas Priamumque et saevum ambobus Achillem, Verg. A. 1, 458: saevus accusandis reis, Tac. A. 11, 5: duces, Hor. C. 3, 16, 16.
      Poet., with inf. (cf. saevio, II. A.): quaelibet in quemvis opprobria fingere saevus, Hor. Ep. 1, 15, 30; cf. in comp.: saevior ante alios iras servasse, Sil. 11, 7.
    2. B. Of things: mare, Naev. ap. Fest. s. v. topper, p. 352 Müll.; Sall. J. 17, 5: pelagus, Ov. M. 14, 559: fluctus, Plaut. Mil. 2, 5, 4: procellae, Lucr. 3, 805: undae, id. 5, 222: saevi exsistunt turbines, Poët. ap. Cic. de Or. 3, 39, 157: ventus, Cic. Att. 5, 12; Liv. 28, 18; Ov. M. 12, 8: tempestates, Lucil. ap. Non. 388, 17; Lucr. 6, 458; Liv. 24, 8; cf. hiems, id. 40, 45; Val. Fl. 7, 52: Orion, Verg. A. 7, 719: scopulus, id. ib. 5, 270: ignes, Prop. 1, 1, 27; Ov. M. 2, 313; Hor. C. 1, 16, 11: bipennis, Ov. M. 8, 766: falx Priapi, Tib. 1, 1, 18: catenae, Hor. C. 3, 11, 45: tympana, sounding harshly or terribly, id. ib. 1, 18, 13 et saep.: saevo ac duro in bello, Lucil. ap. Non. 388, 15; so, bellum, Lucr. 1, 475: saeva et tristia dicta, Lucil. ap. Non. 388, 23: unde superstitiosa primum saeva evasit vox fera, Poët. ap. Cic. Div. 2, 56, 115: minae, Prop. 1, 17, 6 sq.: verba, Hor. Epod. 12, 13: jocus, id. Ep. 2, 1, 148; id. C. 1, 33, 12: naves, id. ib. 1, 37, 30: militia, id. Ep. 1, 18, 54: cum ex saevis et perditis rebus ad meliorem statum fortuna revocatur, Cic. Rep. Fragm. 6, p. 419 Osann (5, p. 247 B. and K.; ap. Amm. 15, 5, 23): Medea amore saevo saucia, Enn. ap. Auct. Her. 2, 22, 34; and ap. Cic. Cael. 8, 18 (Trag. v. 288 Vahl.); so, Amor, Verg. E. 8, 47: horror, id. A. 12, 406: verbera, id. G. 3, 252: ira, Prop. 1, 18, 14: damna, Tac. A. 2, 26: adulationes, id. ib. 4, 20: caedes, Ov. M. 1, 161: dolores, Verg. A. 1, 25: ira, Ov. M. 1, 453: paupertas, Hor. C. 1, 12, 43: quae sibi belligeranti saeva vel prospera evenissent, Tac. A. 2, 5: ut saeva et detestanda Quirinio clamitarent, id. ib. 3, 23: multa saevaque questus, id. ib. 1, 6.
      Adv., in three forms, saeve, saeviter (anteclass.), and saevum (in post-Aug. poets), fiercely, furiously, ferociously, cruelly, barbarously, etc.
          1. (α) saevē: saeve et atrociter factitavit, Suet. Tib. 59: facere omnia, Luc. 8, 492: gesturus impia bella, id. 7, 171.
          2. (β) saevĭter: ferro cernunt de victoriā, Enn. ap Non. 511, 8; Att. and Afran. ib. 4, 7; Plaut. Ps. 5, 2, 3; id. Poen. 1, 2, 122; id. Trin. 4, 3, 53.
          3. (γ) saevum: cui arridens, Sil. 1, 398; Stat. Th. 3, 589; Claud. Rapt. Pros. 1, 285.
        1. b. Comp.: lumina Gorgoneo saevius igne micant, Ov. A. A. 3, 504; Plin. 30, 2, 5, § 15; Hor. C. 2, 10, 9.
        2. c. Sup.: sunt (loca), quae tepent hieme, sed aestate saevissime candent, Col. 1, 4, 9; Claud. ap. Suet. Claud. 2: saevissime dentiunt, Plin. 11, 37, 64, § 170.