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tempĕranter, adv., v. temperans.

tempĕro, āvi, ātum, 1 (old pres. subj. temperint, Plaut. Truc. 1, 1, 41; collat. dep. form tempĕror, Lact. 7, 5, 12), v. a. and n. [tempus].

  1. I. Act., to divide or proportion duly, mingle in due proportion; to combine or compound properly; to qualify, temper, etc. (class.; cf.: modifico, misceo).
    1. A. Lit.: nec vero qui simplex esse debet, ex dissimilibus rebus misceri et temperari potest, Cic. Off. 3, 33, 119: qui (orbium motus) acuta cum gravibus temperans varios aequabiliter concentus efficit, id. Rep. 6, 18, 18: ea cum tria sumpsisset, unam in speciem temperavit, id. Univ. 7: tale quiddam esse animum, ut sit ex igni atque animă temperatum, id. N. D. 3, 14, 36: aes conflare et temperare, Plin. 7, 56, 57, § 197: ferrum, id. 34, 14, 41, § 145: herbas, Ov. F. 5, 402: acetum melle, Plin. 14, 17, 21, § 114: vinum, id. 29, 3, 11, § 50: pocula, to flavor, i. e. to fill, Hor. C. 1, 20, 11; id. Epod. 17, 80; Mart. 9, 12, 7: venenum, Suet. Ner. 2 fin.: unguentum, Plin. 13, 2, 2, § 18: collyrium, id. 27, 10, 59, § 83: colores, id. 2, 18, 16, § 79 et saep.: ejusdem solis tum accessus modici tum recessus et frigoris et caloris modum temperant, Cic. N. D. 2, 19, 49: Etesiarum flatu nimii temperantur calores, id. ib. 2, 53, 131; cf.: vitis solem umbra temperans, Plin. 17, 12, 18, § 91: quis aquam (i. e. balneum) temperet ignibus, who shall temper, i. e. warm, Hor. C. 3, 19, 6; so, balneum, Mart. 3, 25, 1: scatebrisque arentia temperat arva, i. e. waters, Verg. G. 1, 110; so, arva (Galesus), Claud. Cons. Prob. 260.
      1. 2. Transf., to rule, regulate, govern, manage, arrange, order: rem publicam institutis et legibus, Cic. Tusc. 1, 1, 2; cf.: constituere et temperare civitates, id. Ac. 2, 1, 3: Lycurgus, qui Lacedaemoniorum rem publicam temperavit, id. Div. 1, 43, 96; cf.: qui (Juppiter) res hominum ac deorum, Qui mare ac terras variisque mundum Temperat horis, Hor. C. 1, 12, 16: terram, mare, urbes, etc. (corresp. to regere), id. ib. 3, 4, 45: mare, id. ib. 4, 12, 1: aequor, Verg. A. 1, 146: orbem, Ov. M. 1, 770; 15, 869: arces aetherias, id. ib. 15, 859: undas, id. ib. 12, 580: ratem, id. ib. 13, 366: solus id navigii genus temperans, Vell. 2, 107: omnia pretio temperata, id. 2, 60: senem delirum, Hor. S. 2, 5, 71: ora frenis, id. C. 1, 8, 7 et saep.: genius qui natale temperat astrum, id. Ep. 2, 2, 187: annum, id. ib. 1, 12, 16; Plin. 2, 6, 4, § 13: caeli fulgura, Cic. Leg. 8, 21: fortunam suo arbitrio, Petr. 137.
        Poet.: carmen impositis articulis, i. e. to tune, Prop. 2, 34 (3, 32), 80; cf.: testudinis aureae strepitum, Hor. C. 4, 3, 18: Musam pede Archilochi, id. Ep. 1, 19, 28 sq.: citharam nervis, i. e. to string, Ov. M. 10, 108.
    2. B. Trop.
      1. 1. To regulate, rule, etc.: non modice temperatam sed nimis meracam libertatem sitiens haurire, Cic. Rep. 1, 43, 96; cf.: cujus acerbitas morum immanitasque naturae ne vino quidem permixta temperari solet, id. Phil. 12, 11, 26: quod (genus) erit aequatum et temperatum ex tribus optimis rerum publicarum modis, id. Rep. 1, 45, 69; cf. id. ib. 2, 39, 65: ita in variā et perpetuā oratione hi (numeri) sunt inter se miscendi et temperandi, id. Or. 58, 197; so, joined with miscere, id. Off. 3, 33, 119 (on the contrary, opp. miscere, id. Rep. 2, 23, 42); cf.: at haec interdum temperanda et varianda sunt, id. Or. 29, 103; 18, 60; 52, 176: iracundiam cohibere, victoriam temperare, id. Marcell. 3, 8: amara lento Temperet risu, Hor. C. 2, 16, 27: annonam macelli quotannis temperandam censuit, to be regulated, i. e. fixed at moderate prices, Suet. Tib. 34: (Aeolus) Sceptra tenens mollitque animos et temperat iras, soothes, allays, Verg. A. 1, 57: sumptus, Ov. Am. 1, 3, 10: Mercurius temperat astra, Stat. Th. 1, 305.
      2. 2. Se temperare ab aliquā re, to refrain from, abstain from, forbear, etc. (late Lat.): temperare se a rectorum suorum reprehensione, Greg. M. in Job, 25, 38 init.; 18, 3: ab utro se temperat, Aug. c. Faust. 6, 5 fin.; id. Trin. 3 prooem.
  2. II. Neutr., to observe proper measure; to moderate or restrain one’s self; to forbear, abstain; to be moderate or temperate (class.; cf. moderor).
    1. A. In gen., constr. with in aliquā re, alicui rei, ab aliquā re, a simple abl., an inf., or ne or quin with subj.
          1. (α) With in and abl.: jam istoc probior es, cum in amore temperes, Plaut. Ep. 1, 2, 8: in multa temperarunt tribuni, Liv. 2, 52, 5; Sall. J. 85, 9.
          2. (β) With dat.: linguae tempera, Plaut. Rud. 4, 7, 28; so, linguae, Liv. 28, 44, 18: linguae, Sen. Ira, 3, 6, 2: manibus, Liv. 2, 23, 9; 4, 3, 6; 32, 20, 3; Curt. 7, 2, 24: oculis, Liv. 21, 22, 7: irae, id. 33, 20, 7: victoriae, Sall. C. 11, 8: gulae, Plin. Ep. 2, 6, 5: lacrimis, Curt. 7, 2, 7.
          3. (γ) With ab and abl.: temperare ab injuriā et maleficio, Caes. B. G. 1, 7: a maleficio, Auct. Her. 2, 19, 29: a lacrimis, Verg. A. 2, 8: precibus ducis mitigati ab excidio civitatis temperavere, Tac. H. 1, 63.
            Rarely with sibi, etc.: cum sibi in contionibus credas a mendacio temperaturum? Auct. Her. 4, 18, 25: ne a necessariis quidem sibi rabies temperat, Sen. Clem. 1, 26, 4.
          4. (δ) With abl. alone: lacrimis, Liv. 30, 20; Tac. A. 15, 16: a venatibus, Claud. III. Laud. Stil. 270: risu, Liv. 32, 34, 3: neque verbis adversus principem neque factis, Suet. Vit. Lucan.
            (ε) With inf.: matronae Canorā hic voce suā tinnire temperent, Plaut. Poen. prol. 33: dormire, id. ib. 22: maledicere huic, id. ib. 5, 2, 76: tollere puerum, Enn. ap. Cic. Div. 1, 21, 42 (Trag. v. 67 Vahl.): exordiri rem novam, Gell. 4, 9, 5.
            (ζ) With ne and subj.: quoi male faciundi est potestas, quom ne id faciat temperat, Plaut. Stich. 1, 2, 60: quod in pluribus libris ne facerem temperavi, Lact. 4, 3, 5.
            (η) With quin (post-Aug.): non temperante Tiberio quin premeret, Tac. A. 3, 67: ne sedato quidem tumultu temperare potuit, quin, etc., Suet. Claud. 41; id. Calig. 54: vix temperabat, quin diceret, Sen. Contr. 10, 1 (30), 7: Arruntius non temperavit, quin, etc., id. Ep. 114, 19.
        1. b. With sibi or animis (so not in Cicero): neque sibi homines feros temperaturos existimabat, quin, etc., Caes. B. G. 1, 33: vix sibi temperant quin, etc., Sen. Ben. 2, 29, 2; Vell. 1, 16, 1: usque mihi temperavi, dum perducerem eo rem, ut, etc., Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 7, 2: nequeo mihi temperare, quominus, etc., Plin. 18, 6, 8, § 41; 1, praef. § 30: non quivit temperare sibi in eo (signo), etc., id. 34, 8, 19, § 62; Plin. Ep. 6, 17, 1: vix temperavere animis, quin, etc., Liv. 5, 45, 7.
        2. c. Impers. pass.: aegre temperatum est, quin, etc., they with difficulty refrained, Liv. 32, 10, 8: nec temperatum manibus foret, ni, etc., id. 2, 23, 10: jam superfundenti se laetitiae vix temperatum est, id. 5, 7, 8: ab oppugnatione urbium temperatum, id. 7, 20, 9: a caedibus, id. 25, 25, 9.
    2. B. In partic., pregn., to forbear, abstain, or refrain from; to spare, be indulgent to any thing (cf.: parco, abstineo); constr. with dat. or ab: ut si cuiquam ullā in re umquam temperaverit, ut vos quoque ei temperetis, Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 6, § 17: superatis hostibus (shortly after, parcere), id. ib. 2, 2, 2, § 4: sociis, id. ib. 2, 1, 59, § 154: alicui in aliquā re, id. ib. 2, 2, 6, § 17: amicis, id. Balb. 27, 60: privignis, Hor. C. 3, 24, 18: ingenio suo, Quint. 10, 1, 98 al.: in quo ab sociis temperaverant, Liv. 6, 17, 8: ab his sacris, id. 39, 10, 9: quamvis a plerisque cibis singuli temperemus, Plin. Ep. 2, 5, 8; cf.: a mulso sibi temperare, Cels. 4, 31.
      Impers. pass.: templis deum temperatum est, Liv. 1, 29, 6 Drak. N. cr.: nec ab ullo temperatum foret, id. 24, 31, 11.
      Hence,
    1. A. tempĕ-rans, antis, P. a., observing moderation, sober, moderate, temperate (syn.: modestus, abstinens): aut temperantem (dices), qui se in aliquā libidine continuerit, in aliquā effuderit? Cic. Par. 3, 1, 21: homo in omnibus vitae partibus moderatus ac temperans, etc., id. Font. 18, 40; so, homo, id. Att. 15, 1, 1.
      Sup.: homo sanctissimus et temperantissimus, Cic. Font. 17, 38: principes graviores temperantioresque a cupidine imperii, refraining, abstaining, Liv. 26, 22, 14 Drak. N. cr.
      With gen.: famae temperans, Ter. Phorm. 2, 1, 41: temperans gaudii seraeque laetitiae, Plin. Pan. 52, 5: potestatis temperantior, Tac. A. 13, 46.
      Hence, adv.: tempĕranter, with moderation, moderately, Tac. A. 4, 33; 15, 29.
      Comp., Cic. Att. 9, 2, A, 2.
      Sup. seems not to occur.
    2. B. tempĕrātus, a, um, P. a.
      1. * 1. Duly arranged or prepared: prela, Cato, R. R. 12.
      2. 2. Limited, moderate, temperate.
          1. (α) Lit.: temperatae escae modicaeque potiones, Cic. Div. 1, 51, 115: regiones caeli neque aestuosae neque frigidae sed temperatae, Vitr. 1, 4; cf. Plin. 14, 2, 4, § 26.
            Comp.: loca temperatiora, Caes. B. G. 5, 12: o temperatae dulce Formiae litus, Mart. 10, 30, 1: mitis ac temperatus annus, Col. 3, 20, 1; cf. in sup.: temperatissimum anni tempus, Varr. R. R. 2, 5, 14.
          2. (β) Trop., of moral character, of speech, etc., moderate, sober, calm, steady, temperate: est autem ita temperatis moderatisque moribus, ut summa severitas summā cum humanitate jungatur, Cic. Fam. 12, 27: justi, temperati, sapientes, id. N. D. 3, 36, 87: in victoriā tem, peratior, Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 15, 1: mens in bonis Ab insolenti temperata Laetitiā, Hor. C. 2, 3, 3: vim temperatam di provehunt In majus, id. ib. 3, 4, 66: animum temperatum virtutibus fuisse, Liv. 1, 18, 4: hoc multo fortius est … illud temperatius, Sen. Ep. 18, 3: aequabile et temperatum orationis genus, Cic. Off. 1, 1, 3: oratio modica ac temperata, id. Or. 27, 95.
            Comp.: temperatior oratio, Cic. de Or. 2, 53, 212.
            Sup.: temperatissimi sanctissimique viri monumentum, Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 38, § 83.
            Adv.: tempĕrātē, in due proportion, with moderation, moderately, temperately.
        1. a. Lit.: tepebit, Cato, R. R. 69, 2: arbores umoris temperate, parum terreni habentes, Vitr. 2, 9 med.
        2. b. Trop.: agere, Cic. Att. 12, 32, 1: temperatius scribere, id. ib. 13, 1, 1: temperatissime et castissime vivere, Aug. Mus. 6, 15.