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Cinium (Civium), ii, n., a town of the island of Majorca, now Sinau, Plin. 3, 5, 11, § 77.

cīvĭcus, a, um, adj. [civis].

  1. I. Of or pertaining to citizens, civil, civic, citizens (more rare than the class. civilis, and, except in the phrase civica corona, mostly poet.): jura, Hor. Ep. 1, 3, 23: motus, id. C. 2, 1, 1: rabies, id. ib. 3, 24, 26; Flor. 3, 21, 5; cf. furor, id. 4, 2, 75: bella, Ov. P. 1, 2, 126: invidia, Sil. 8, 21: arma pro trepidis reis, i. e. defence before a tribunal, Ov. F. 1, 22.
    1. B. Esp. corona civica, the civic crown, made of oak leaves (hence, civilis quercus, Verg. A. 6, 772, and querna corona. Ov. F. 1, 614; id. Tr. 3, 1, 36), the crown of highest distinction, except the corona obsidionalis, and bestowed upon him who had saved the life of a fellow-citizen in war; its inscription was: OB CIVEM (CIVES) SERVATVM (SERVATOS), Liv. 6, 20, 7; Plin. 16, 4, 3, § 7 sq.; Gell. 5, 6, 11 sq.; Cic. Planc. 30, 72; id. Pis. 3, 6; Liv 10, 46, 3, Dict. of Antiq. p 310.
      Also subst.: cīvĭca, ae, f.: civicam mereri, Sen. Clem. 1, 26, 5: aliquem civicā donare, Quint. 6, 3, 79: servati civis decus, Tac. A. 12, 31 fin.
  2. II. Of or pertaining to a town or city: errare intra muros civicos, Plaut. Fragm. ap. Charis. p. 181 P. (in Liv. 1, 40, 2, vicinae, not civicae, is the true reading).
    No comp. or sup.

1. cīvīlis, e, adj. [civis].

  1. I. Of or pertaining to citizens, civil, civic (class. in prose and poetry, and very freq.): sanguine civili rem conflant, by the blood of citizens, * Lucr. 3, 70; Cic. Fam. 15, 15, 1: conjuratio, id. ib. 5, 12, 2: bellum, id. Att. 7, 13, 1; id. Imp. Pomp. 10, 28: bella, Hor. Epod. 16, 1; Luc. 1, 1: genus belli, Cic. Att. 7, 13, 1; Sall. C. 47, 2; Quint. 12, 1, 16; Flor. 3, 22, 10; 3, 23, 7: facinus, Cic. Att. 7, 13, 1.
    So De Bello Civili, the title of a portion of the Commentaries of Julius Cæsar, Flor. 4, 2, 4: discordia, Sall. C. 5, 2: dissensio, id. J. 41 fin.: discidii specie, Tac. A. 14, 60: irae, id. ib. 1, 43: acies, Ov. M. 7, 142: arma, civil war, Cic. Div. 2, 2, 6; Tac. A. 1, 9: aestus, Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 47: Mars, Ov. H. 6, 35: busta, Prop. 2, 1, 27: victoria, Nep. Epam. 10, 3; Sall. J. 95, 4; Tac. H. 4, 38 fin.: praeda, id. ib. 3, 15 et saep.: mos consuetudoque, Cic. Off. 1, 41,148; cf.just before: instituta civilia: conciliatio et societas, id. N. D. 2, 31, 78: facinus, id. Att. 7, 13, 1: clamor, Liv. 3, 28, 4; cf. robur, id. 28, 44, 5: curae, Hor. C. 3, 8, 17: quercus = corona civica (v. civicus, I.), Verg. A. 6, 772: civilis dies, the civil day (from midnight to midnight; opp. to the naturalis dies, from the rising to the setting of the sun), Varr. R. R. 1, 28, 1; Plin. 2, 77, 79, § 188; Macr. S. 1, 3: amor (opp. to naturalis), between citizens, Gell. 12, 1, 23.
      1. 2. Esp.: jus civile.
        1. a. In gen., private rights, the law, as it protects citizens in their status, property, etc.: jus civile est aequitas constituta iis, qui ejusdem civitatis sunt, ad res suas obtinendas, Cic. Top. 2, 9: sit ergo in jure civili finis hic: legitimae atque usitatae in rebus causisque civium aequabilitatis conservatio, id. de Or. 1, 42, 188: qui jus civile contemnendum putat, is vincula revellit judiciorum, etc., id. Caecin. 25, 70; id. Off. 3, 17, 69; id. Balb. 11, 28; Gai Inst. 1, 1; Just. Inst. 1, 2, 1 sq.; opp. jus naturale: quodam tempore homines nondum neque naturali neque civili jure descripto fusi, etc., Cic. Sest. 42, 91.
        2. b. The body of Roman law relating to private rights, the Civil Law: ut si quis dicat jus civile id esse, quod in legibus, senatūs consultis, rebus judicatis, juris peritorum auctoritate, edictis magistratuum, more, aequitate consistat, Cic. Top. 5, 28: hoc civile (jus) quod dicimus (opp. causa universi juris ac legum), id. Leg. 1, 5, 17: de jure civili si quis novi quid instituit, id. Verr. 2, 1, 42, § 109; opp. jus nationum, id. Div in Caecil. 5, 18; opp. jus praetorium, the precedents of decisions by the prætor: nam quod agas mecum ex jure civili ac praetorio non habes, id. Caecin. 12, 34; 2, 4; cf. Dig. 1, 1, 7 pr. and § 1.
        3. c. In narrower sense, the code of procedure, the forms of process in the Roman law: civile jus, repositum in penetralibus pontificum, evulgavit (Licinius), Liv. 9, 46, 5 Weissenb. ad loc.: jus civile per multa saecula inter sacra caerimoniasque deorum abditum, Cn. Flavius vulgavit, Val. Max. 2, 5, 2; cf. Dig. 1, 2, 2, § 5 sqq.; plur.: inteream si … novi civilia jura, Hor. S. 1, 9, 39.
    1. B. Relating to public or political life, political, public, state-: scientia, politics, political science, Cic. Inv. 1, 5, 6; Quint. 2, 15, 33: quaestiones, id. 2, 15, 36: officia, id. 2, 15, 36, and 2, 4, 27: civilium rerum peritus, Tac. H. 2, 5: mersor civilibus undis, Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 16: vir, a statesman, πολιτικος, Quint. prooem. § 10; 11, 10, 15; 12, 2, 7; 12, 2, 21; 11, 1, 35.
      1. 2. Esp. civil, opp. military (first in Livy): is gravis annis non militaribus solum sed civilibus quoque abscesserat muneribus, Liv. 9, 3, 5; cf.: civilis res haud magnopere obeuntem bella excitabant, id. 6, 22, 7.
  2. II. Trop. (cf. popularis, and the Gr. κοινός), demeaning one’s self as a citizen; hence of distinguished persons, courteous, polite, civil, affable, urbane (so not before the Aug. per.; esp. freq. in Suet.; in Quint. only once): quid enim civilius illo? Ov. Tr. 4, 4, 13: sermo, Liv. 6, 40, 15: animus, id. 45, 32, 5; Tac. A. 1, 72; Suet. Caes. 75; id. Claud. 1; id. Dom. 12; cf. id. Calig. 3; id. Vesp. 12: parumque id non civile modo sed humanum etiam visum, unbecoming a private citizen, Liv. 5, 23, 5: et humano ingressu, Quint. 3, 8, 59 Spald.: incessu, Plin. Pan. 83, 7: civile ingenium, mira comitas, Tac. A. 1, 33; cf. id. ib. 2, 82: arma, id. H. 4, 3: civile rebatur, misceri voluptatibus vulgi, id. A. 1, 54; cf. id. ib. 2, 34; 3, 22; Plin. Pan. 78, 4; 87, 1: civilis circa amicos, Eutr. 7, 13: in cunctos, id. 10, 16.
    Sup., Eutr. 8, 1; Spart. Had. 20, 1.
    As subst.: cīvīle, is, n., courtesy: si quicquam in vobis non dico civilis sed humani esset, Liv. 5, 3, 9.
    Hence, adv.: cīvīlĭter.
      1. 1. (Acc. to I.) Citizen-like: vivere, Cic. ap. Lact. 3, 14: certare, Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 14, 3; Liv. 38, 56, 9; 33, 46, 3; Juv. 5, 112; Gell. praef. § 13.
        1. b. In judicial language, civilly (opp. criminally): agere, Dig. 47, 2, 92; 11, 6, 1; 47, 10, 37.
      2. 2. (Acc. to 2.) As becomes a citizen, courteously, kindly, Ov. M. 12, 583; id. Tr. 3, 8, 41; Tac. A. 3, 76; 4, 21; id. H. 2, 91.
        Comp.: civilius, Plin. Pan. 29, 2; App. M. 9, p. 236, 10.
        Sup.: civilissime, Eutr. 7, 8.

2. Cīvīlis, is, m., a proper name, e. g. Julius Civilis, chief of the Batavi, Tac. H. 4, 13 sq.; abl. Civile, id. ib. 4, 35.

cīvīlĭtas, ātis, f. [civilis].

  1. I. (Acc. to civilis, I. B.) The art of government, politics, only three times in Quint. as transl. of the Gr. πολιτική, 2, 15, 25; 2, 15, 33; 2, 17, 14.
  2. II. (Acc. to civilis, II.) Courteousness, politeness, affability (post-Aug. and rare), Suet. Aug. 51; id. Claud. 35; Eutr. 7, 21; Lampr. Alex. Sev. 20.

cīvīlĭter, adv., v. civilis fin.

cīvis (cīves, C. I. L. 3, 966; 3337 et saep.; ceivis, S. C. Bacch. and Lex Thoria; ceus in Tab. Bant.), is, comm. (abl. usually cive: civi, Plaut. Pers. 4, 3, 6; Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 13, §§ 32 and 33 Zumpt N. cr.; id. Planc. 40, 96; 41, 97; id. Sest. 12, 29; id. Balb. 19, 43; id. Att. 7, 3, 4; 14, 11, 1; cf. Prisc. p. 766 P.; dub. Cic. Phil. 5, 19, 52) [root ki- of κεῖμαι, to lie, abide; cf. κώμη], a citizen (male or female; opp. pe regrinus, id. Verr. 2, 4, 35, § 77; id. Off. 1, 34, 124; Liv. 22, 35, 5; opp. advena, Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 34, § 74; or to hospes, Ter. Phorm. 2, 2, 14; or to hostis, Liv. 8, 36, 1; Hor. Ep. 1, 17, 33; Ov. M. 13, 234).

  1. I. In gen.
        1. a. (Very freq. in all periods and kinds of composition.) Enn. Ann. 174 Vahl.; Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 220: optati cives, populares, incolae, accolae, advenae omnes, Date viam, etc., id. Aul. 3, 1, 1: quod civis cum civi agat, Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 13, § 32: cives cum civibus de virtute certabant, Sall. C. 9, 2 al.
        2. b. In fem.: Attica, Plaut. Poen. 1, 2, 159: civis femina, id. Pers. 4, 3, 6; Ter. And. 1, 3, 16; 5, 1, 14: civis virgo, id. Eun. 5, 2, 19; id. Ad. 4, 7, 7: Romana, Cic. Balb. 24, 55; 13, 30; Nep. Them. 1, 2 al.: civis Romanus, Enn. ap. Censor. p. 2725 P. (Ann. v. 174 Vahl.); Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 57, § 147; 2, 4, 61, § 136.
          Concerning the political rights of the civis Romanus (opposed to peregrinus or hostis), v. Zimmern, Rechtsgesch. 2, § 123 sq.; Dict. of Antiq. p. 260 sqq.
  2. II. Esp., a fellow-citizen (for which, in late Lat., concivis): Lunaï portum cognoscite cives, Enn. ap. Pers. 6, 9 (Ann. v. 16 Vahl.); Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 53; Ov. M. 13, 234.
    So particularly, civis meus, tuus, etc., my, thy fellow-citizen, Cato ap. Fest. p. 234; Plaut. Trin. 1, 2, 63; Cic. Cat. 1, 7, 17; id. Mil. 34, 93; id. Div. 2, 2, 6; id. Fin. 1, 4, 10.
    In fem.: defende cives tuas, senex, Plaut. Rud. 3, 4, 37.
    1. B. A subject: imperare corpori, ut rex civibus suis, Cic. Rep. 3, 25, 37.
  3. III. Figuratively: civis totius mundi, a citizen of the world, Cic. Leg. 1, 23, 61.

cīvĭtas, ātis (gen. plur. civitatium, Cic. Rep. 1, 34, 51; id. Leg. 2, 4, 9; Caes. B. G. 4, 3; 5, 22; Sall. C. 40, 2; Liv. 1, 17, 4; 2, 6, 5; 33, 20, 11 Drak.; 42, 30, 6; 42, 44, 1; 45, 34, 1; Vell. 2, 42, 2; Quint. 2, 16, 4 N. cr.; Suet. Tit. 8 Oud.; Cornut. ap. Charis. p. 100 P.; cf. Varr. L. L. 8, § 66; Prisc. p. 771 P.; Neue, Formenl. 1, 268), f. [civis].

  1. I. Abstr., the condition or privileges of a (Roman) citizen, citizenship, freedom of the city (upon its conditions, v. Zimmern, Rechtsgesch. 2, § 123 sq.; Dict. of Antiq. p. 260 sqq.): Cato, cum esset Tusculi natus, in populi romani civitatem susceptus est: ita, cum ortu Tusculanus esset, civitate Romanus, etc., Cic. Leg. 2, 2, 5: donare aliquem civitate, id. Balb. 13, 20; Suet. Caes. 24; 42; 76; id. Aug. 47; id. Tib. 51; id. Ner. 24: dare civitatem alicui, Cic. Arch. 4, 7; 5, 10; Liv. 1, 28, 7; 8, 14, 8; Suet. Aug. 40; id. Galb. 14: accipere aliquem in civitatem, Cic. Off. 1, 11, 35: adsciscere in civitatem, Liv. 6, 40, 4: ascribere aliquem in civitatem, Cic. Arch. 4, 6: aliquem foederatis civitatibus ascribere, id. ib. 4, 7: in aliis civitatibus ascriptus, id. ib. 5, 10: assequi, Tac. A. 11, 23: consequi, Cic. Balb. 13, 31: deponere, id. Caecin. 34, 100: decedere de civitate, id. Balb. 5, 11: dicare se civitati, id. ib. 11, 28: in civitatem, id. ib. 12, 30: eripere, id. Caecin. 34, 99: habere, id. Balb. 13, 31: impertiri civitatem, id. Arch. 5, 10: furari civitatem, id. Balb. 2, 5: petere, Suet. Caes. 8: Romanam assequi, Tac. A. 11, 23: adipisci, Suet. Aug. 40: Romanam usurpare, id. Calig. 38; id. Claud. 25: amittere civitatem, Cic. Caecin. 34, 98: adimere, id. ib.; Suet. Caes. 28: petere, id. ib. 8: negare, id. Aug. 40: jus civitatis, Cic. Caecin. 34, 98; id. Arch. 5, 11: recipere aliquem in civitatem, id. Caecin. 34, 100; id. Arch. 10,22; id. Balb. 13, 31: relinquere, id. Caecin. 34, 100: retinere civitatem, id. Balb. 12, 30: retinere aliquem in civitate, id. Lig. 11, 33: ademptio civitatis, id. Dom. 30, 78: commemoratio, id. Verr. 2, 5, 62, § 162: nomen, id. ib.: ereptor, id. Dom. 30, 81.
    1. B. Trop.: ut oratio Romana plane videatur, non civitate donata, Quint. 8, 1, 3; cf.: civitate Romanā donare agricolationem, Col. 1, 1, 12: verbum hoc a te civitate donatum, naturalized, Gell. 19, 3, 3; Sen. Ep. 120, 4; id. Q. N. 5, 16, 4.
      More freq.,
  2. II. Concr., the citizens united in a community, the body-politic, the state, and as this consists of one city and its territory, or of several cities, it differs from urbs, i.e. the compass of the dwellings of the collected citizens; but sometimes meton., = urbs, v. B.: concilia coetusque hominum jure sociati, quae civitates appellantur, Cic. Rep. 6, 13, 13: tum conventicula hominum, quae postea civitates nominatae sunt, tum domicilia conjuncta, quas urbes dicimus, etc., id. Sest. 42, 91; cf.: omnis populus, qui est talis coetus multitudinis, qualem exposui; omnis civitas, quae est constitutio populi; omnis res publica, quae populi res est, etc., id. Rep. 1, 26, 41: quia sapiens non sum, nec haec urbs nec in eā civitas … non dubitavisset, quin et Roma urbs (esset), et eam civitas incoleret, id. Ac. 2, 45, 137: aucta civitate magnitudine urbis, Liv. 1, 45, 1: Orgetorix civitati persuasit, ut de finibus suis cum omnibus copiis exirent, Caes. B. G. 1, 2 Oud.; so id. ib. 1, 4; 1, 19; 1, 31; cf. Sisenn. ap. Non. p. 429, 15: civitates aut nationes devictae, Cic. Off. 1, 11, 35; Sall. C. 31, 1; Liv. 21, 1, 2: io triumphe non semel dicemus civitas omnis, Hor. C. 4, 2, 51; cf. id. Epod. 16, 36 and 18: cum civitas in foro exspectatione erecta staret, Liv. 3, 47, 1; so id. 2, 37, 5; 26, 18, 6; 34, 41, 1; Tac. A. 3, 11; Suet. Calig. 6; id. Tib. 17; 42: civitates aut condere novas aut conservare jam conditas, Cic. Rep. 1, 7, 12; id. Sull. 9, 28; id. Rep. 1, 8, 13; 1, 3, 5: omnis civitas Helvetia in quattuor pagos divisa est, Caes. B. G. 1, 12: quae pars civitatis Helvetiae, etc., id. ib.: non longe a Tolosatium finibus, quae civitas est in provinciā, id. ib. 1, 10: Ubii, quorum fuit civitas ampla atque florens, id. ib. 4, 3: Rhodiorum civitas, magna atque magnifica, Sall. C. 51, 5; cf. id. J. 69, 3: Heraclea quae est civitas aequissimo jure ac foedere, Cic. Arch. 4, 6 et saep.: administrare civitatem, id. Off. 1, 25, 88: mutari civitatum status, id. Leg. 3, 14, 32; so, civitatis status, Quint. 6, 1, 16; 11, 1, 85: (legibus) solutis stare ipsa (civitas) non possit, id. 11, 1, 85: lege civitatis, id. 12, 10, 26; cf. id. 5, 10, 25: mos civitatis, id. 10, 1, 107; 12, 3, 7; 1, 2, 2.
    Of Plato’s ideal republic: si in illā commenticiā Platonis civitate res ageretur, Cic. de Or. 1, 53, 230.
      1. 2. Trop.: civitas caelitum, Plaut. Rud. prol. 2: ut jam universus hic mundus una civitas sit communis deorum atque hominum existimanda, Cic. Leg. 1, 7, 23.
    1. B. Meton., = urbs, a city (rare and mostly post-Aug.; not in Cic. or Cæs.): civitatem incendere, Enn. ap. Non. p. 429, 5 (Trag. 382 Vahl.): cum errarem per totam civitatem, Petr. 8, 2; cf. id. 8, 141 fin.: Lingonum, Tac. H. 1, 54; 1, 64: ab excidio civitatis, id. ib. 1, 63; 1, 69: circumjectae civitates, id. ib. 3, 43: muri civitatis, id. ib. 4, 65; id. A. 6, 42: pererrata nocturnis conversationibus, Sen. Ben. 6, 32, 1: expugnare civitatem, Quint. 8, 3, 67; cf.: expugnandae civitates, id. 12, 9, 2: plurimas per totum orbem civitates, terrae motu aut incendio afflictas restituit in melius, Suet. Vesp. 17; cf. id. Tit. 8; id. Tib. 84 fin.; Lact. 2, 7, 19.
      1. 2. Esp., the city, i. e. Rome and its inhabitants, Tac. H. 1, 19; 2, 92; 4, 2.

cīvĭtātŭla, ae, f. dim. [civitas].

  1. I. Citizenship in a small city, Sen. Apocol. 9, 3.
  2. II. A small city, App. M. 10, p. 238; Hier. in lsa. 8, 26, 5 sq.