Lewis & Short

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† cammărus (camărus, gammă-rus), i, m., = κάμμαρος, a sea-crab, lobster (so called from its vaulted back), Varr. R. R. 3, 11, 3; Col. 8, 15, 6; 8, 17, 4; Plin. 27, 3, 2, § 9; 31, 8, 44, § 96; Mart. 2, 43; Juv. 5, 84 al.

Cĕbenna or Gĕbenna, ae, v. Cevenna.

Cĕvenna (also Cĕbenna and Gĕ-benna), ae, f., a mountain in Gallia, now Cevennes, Caes. B. G. 7, 8; 7, 56; Luc. 1, 434.
The same: Cebennici or Gebennici montes, Mel. 2, 5, 1; 2, 5, 6.

Clănĭus, ii, m., a river in Campania, destructive by frequently overflowing the country around, especially the town of Acerrœ (v. Acerrae), now Lagno, Verg. G. 2, 225 Heyne; Sil. 8, 537; also called Glănis, Plin. 3, 5, 9, § 53 sq.

Cordŭēna, ae, f., = Γορδυηνή, a district of Greater Armenia, now Kurdistan, Amm. 16, 8, 20 al.
Hence, Cordŭēni, ōrum, m., the inhabitants of Corduena, now the Kurds, Sall. H. 4, 60 Dietsch; Plin. 6, 15, 17, § 44; Sext. Ruf. Brev. 20.
Called also Gordyaei, ōrum, m., Curt. 5, 1, 14; cf. id. 4, 10, 8; Plin. 6, 11, 12, § 30.

Cortȳnia (Gort-), ae, f., a town of Crete, Varr. R. R. 1, 7, 6; cf. Gortyna.

curcŭlĭo (gurgŭlĭo, Plaut. Trin. 4, 3, 9 Ritschl, Fleck.; Pall. 1, 19, 2; id. Jun. 3; also in some MSS. of the authors cited infra), ōnis, m. [kindr. with circulus, circus],

  1. I. a corn-worm, weevil, Cato, R. R. 92; Varr. R. R. 1, 57, 63; Col. 1, 6, 15 sq.; Plin. 18, 11, 73, § 302; Serv. ad Verg. G. 1, 186.
    1. B. Form gurgulio = membrum virile, Pers. 4, 38.
  2. II. Curcŭlĭo, the name of a comedy of Plautus.

G, g, indecl. n. or (on account of littera) f., had originally no place in the Latin alphabet: both the sharp and the flat guttural mutes, our k and g sounds, being represented by C; hence on the Columna Rostrata LECIONES, MACISTRATOS, EXFOCIONT, (pu)CNANDOD, PVCN(ad), CARTACINIENSIS, for legiones, etc.; hence, too, the archaic form ACETARE for agitare (v. Paul. ex Fest. p. 23 Müll. N. cr.), and the still common abbreviation of the names Gaius and Gneus in C and Cn.
At a later period (acc. to Plut. Qu. Rom. p. 277 D and 278 E, by means of a freedman of Spurius Carvilius Ruga, about the beginning of the second Punic war) a slight graphic alteration was made in the C, which introduced into the Roman orthography the letter G (on the old monuments C); thus we have in the S. C. de Bacchanal.: MAGISTER, MAGISTRATVM, FIGIER, GNOSCIER, AGRO; on the other hand, the orthography GNAIVOD PATRE PROGNATVS on the first Epitaph of the Scipios, which dates before that time, indicates either incorrectness in the copying or a later erection of the monument. When Greek words are written in Latin letters and vice versa, G always corresponds to Γ. Its sound was always hard, like Engl. g in gate, at least until the sixth century A. D.As an initial, g, in pure Latin words, enters into consonantal combination only with l and r; and therefore in words which, from their etymology, had the combination gn, the g was rejected in the classical period, and thus arose the class. forms nascor, natus, nosco, novi, notus, narus, navus, from the original gnascor, gnatus, gnosco, etc. (cf. the English gnaw, gnat, gnarr, etc., where the g has become silent); whereas in compounds the g again is often retained: cognatus, cognosco, ignarus, ignavus.
An initial g is dropped in lac (kindred to GALACT, γάλα), likewise in anser (kindred to Germ. Gans; Sanscr. hansa; Greek χήν).As a medial, g combines with l, m, n, r, although it is sometimes elided before m in the course of formation; so in examen for exagmen from agmen; in contamino for contagmino (from con-TAG, tango). Before s the soft sound of g passes into the hard sound of c, and becomes blended with the s into x (v. the letter X); though sometimes the g (or c) is elided altogether, as in mulsi from mulgeo, indulsi from indulgeo; cf.: sparsus, mersus, tersus, etc. So too before t, as indultum from indulgeo. The medial g is often dropped between two vowels, and compensated for by lengthening the preced. vowel: māior from măgior, pulēium from pulēgium, āio from ăgio (root AG, Sanscr. ah, to say; cf. nego). Likewise the medial g is dropped in lēvis for legvis, Sanscr. laghn, fava for fagva, fruor for frugvor, flamma for flagma, stimulus for stigmulus, examen for exagmen; jumentum, from root jug-: sumen from sug-; cf.: umor, flamen, etc.As a final, g was only paragogic, acc. to Quint. 1, 7, 13, in the obsolete VESPERVG (for vesperu, analogous with noctu; v. Spald. ad loc.).Etymologically, g corresponds to an original Indo-European g or gh, or is weakened from c, k. Thus it stands where in Greek we have:

        1. (α) γ, as ago, ἄγω; ager, ἀγρός; argentum, ἄργυρος; genus, γένος; fulgeo, φλέγω, and so very commonly;
        2. (β) χ (usually before r, or in the middle of a word): ango, ἄγχω; rigo, βρέχω; gratus, χαίρω, etc.;
        3. (γ) κ: viginti, εἴκοσι; gubernator, κυβερνήτης; gummi, κόμμι, etc.
          By assimilation, g was produced from b and d in oggero, suggero, aggero, etc., from obgero, sub-gero, ad-gero, etc.As an abbreviation, G denotes Galliarum, Gallica, gemina, Germania, genius, etc.; and sometimes Gaius (instead of the usual C); v. Inscr. Orell. 467; 1660; 4680: G.P.R.F. genio populi Romani feliciter, Inscr. Orell. 4957; v. Corss. Ausspr. 1, 76 sqq.; Roby, Lat. Gr. 1, 38 sqq.

Găbăli, ōrum, m., = Γαβάλεις Strab.,

  1. I. a people in Aquitanian Gaul, now Gévaudan, Caes. B. G. 7, 64, 6; 7, 75, 2; Plin. 4, 19, 33, § 109.
  2. II. Derivv.
    1. A. Găbă-lĭcus, a, um, adj., of or belonging to the Gabali: pagus, Plin. 11, 42, 97, § 240.
    2. B. Găbălĭtānus, a, um, adj., the same: civitas, the capital of the Gabali, Sid. Ep. 5, 13. Its inhabitants were called Găbălĭ-tāni, ōrum, m., Sid. Ep. 7, 6.

găbălĭum, ii, n., an aromatic shrub in Arabia, Plin. 12, 21, 45, § 99.

†† gābălus, i, m. [an old Germ. word, i. q. the modern Gabel (fork); hence, as an instrument of punishment], a kind of gallows (syn.: furca, patibulum, crux).

  1. I. Lit.: in gabalum aliquem suffigere, Varr. ap. Non. 117, 15.
  2. * II. Transf., as a term of reproach, gallows-bird, hang-dog, Macrin. ap. Capit. Macrin. 11.

Găbăon, ōnis, f., = Γαβαών (Hebrew [??]),

  1. I. a city of Judea, Gibeon, Vulg. Jos. 9, 17; 18, 25 al.
  2. II. Deriv. Găbăō-nītĭcus, a, um, adj., of or belonging to Gabaon, Gabaonite, Gibeonite: servitus, Sid. Ep. 9, 8.

găbăta, ae, f. [perh. from cavus], a kind of dish or platter (post-Aug.); Mart. 7, 48, 3; 11, 31, 18.

Gabba, ae, m., in full Apicius Gabba, a famous wit of the time of Tiberius, Juv. 5, 4; Mart. 1, 41, 16.

Găbĭi, ōrum, m. [Sanscr. gambhas, mouth; Gr. γαμφή, jaw; cf. Saxon camb; Engl. comb],

  1. I. an ancient city of Latium founded by the Sicilians, twelve miles from Rome and eleven from Prœneste, now Castiglione, Liv. 1, 53 sq.; 24, 10; 26, 9; Verg. A. 6, 773; Hor. Ep. 1, 11, 7; 1, 15, 9 al.
  2. II. Derivv.
    1. A. Găbīnus, a, um, adj., of or belonging to Gabii, Gabine: ager, Varr. L. L. 5, § 33 Müll.; Liv. 3, 8: via, leading from Rome to Gabii (called also Praenestina via), Liv. 2, 11; 3, 6; 5, 49: urbs, i. e. Gabii, Ov. F. 2, 709: saxum, quarried at Gabii, of superior quality, Tac. A. 15, 43: cinctus, v. 2. cinctus: vicinitas, Cic. Planc. 9, 23: res, Liv. 1, 54: Juno, worshipped at Gabii, Verg. A. 7, 682.
      Subst.: Găbīni, ōrum, m., plur., the inhabitants of Gabii, Gabines, Liv. 1, 54.
    2. B. Găbĭensis, e, adj., of Gabii, Gabine: ager, Plin. 2, 94, 96, § 209 (Jan. Gaviensis).

Găbīnĭus, a,

  1. I. the name of a Roman gens; so, in partic.,
      1. 1. A. Gabinius, consul with L. Calpurnius Piso A.U.C. 696; proconsul in Syria; in the service of Cœsar in the Civil War, Caes. B. C. 3, 4; 103; Cic. Pis. 11, 25 sq.; id. Sest. 8, 18 sq.; id. Q. Fr. 3, 1, 7, § 24; id. Att. 4, 16, 9; 10, 8, 3.
      2. 2. P. Gabinius, prœtor A.U.C. 665, Cic. Arch. 5, 9; id. Div. in Caecil. 20, 64.
      3. 3. P. Gabinius Capito, a conspirator with Catiline, Cic. Cat. 3, 3, 6; Sall. C. 17, 4; 55 fin.
      4. 4. Q. Gabinius, the proposer of a law respecting voting in the comitia; v. infra.
  2. II. Derivv.
    1. A. Găbīnĭus, a, um, adj., of or belonging to a Gabinius, Gabinian: lex, of A. Gabinius, Cic. de Imp. Pomp. 19, 57 sq.; id. Att. 6, 2, 7; id. Q. Fr. 2, 13, 3; of Q. Gabinius, id. Leg. 3, 16, 35; id. Lael. 12, 41.
    2. B. Gă-bīnĭānus, a, um, adj., the same: milites, of A. Gabinius in the Civil War, Caes. B. C. 3, 4; 110; Val. Max. 4, 1, 15.

Găbīnus, a, um, v. Gabii, II. A.

Gādes, ĭum, f. [the Phœnician gadis means hedge],

  1. I. a famous colony of the Phœnicians established on an island of the same name in Hispania Baetica, the modern Cadiz, Mel. 2, 7, 1; 3, 6, 1; Plin. 4, 22, 36, § 120; Cic. Fam. 10, 32, 1; id. de Sen. 19, 69; Liv. 21, 21; Hor. C. 2, 2, 11; 2, 6, 1. Called also Gadir or Gaddir (Gr. τὰ Γάδειρα), Sall. Fragm. ap. Prisc. p. 648 and 698 P. (Hist. Fragm, 2, 26 Dietsch), Plin. l. l.
  2. II. Deriv. Gādītānus, a, um, adj., of or belonging to Gades: Oceanus, Plin. 2, 103, 106, § 227; cf. fretum, id. 3 praef. § 3: portus, Mel. 3, 1, 4: populus, Cic. Balb. 18, 42: foedus, id. ib. 14, 32.
    Subst.: Gādītāni, ōrum, m., the inhabitants of Gades, Cic. Balb. 17, 39; 18, 43; Caes. B. C. 2, 18; 21.
    In fem.: Gādītānae, ārum, women of Gades, Plin. Ep. 1, 15, 3.
    In sing.: Gādītānus, i, i. e. L. Cornelius Balbus, of Gades, Cic. Att. 7, 7, 6.

* gaesāti, ōrum, m. [gaesum], Gallic mercenaries armed with the gaesum, Oros. 4, 13.

†† gaesum, less correctly gēsum, i, n. [Celtic], a long, heavy javelin of the Gauls; Gr. γαισός or γαῖσον (syn.: dolo, sarissa, sparus, lancea), Caes. B. G. 3, 4, 1; Liv. 8, 8, 5; 9, 36, 6; 26, 6, 5; Varr. ap. Non. 555, 13; Verg. A. 8, 662; Sen. Hipp. 111; cf.: gaesum grave jaculum, Paul. ex Fest. p. 99 Müll. N. cr.
In poets the weapon of the Africans, Sil. 2, 444; of the Greeks, Stat. Th. 4, 64.

Gaetūli (Gētūli), ōrum, m., = Γαιτοῦλοι,

  1. I. a people of northwestern Africa, south of the Mauri and Numidae, in the modern Morocco, the Gœtulians, Mel. 1, 4, 4; 3, 10, 4; Plin. 5, 8, 8, § 43; Sall. J. 18, 9; 80, 1 al.
    In sing.: Gaetūlus, i, m., the Gœtulian, collect., Luc. 4, 678.
  2. II. Derivv.
    1. A. Gaetūlus, a, um, adj., of or belonging to the Gœtulians, Gœtulian: Syrtes, Verg. A. 5, 192; Hor. C. 2, 20, 15: leo, Verg. A. 5, 351; Hor. C. 1, 23, 10; cf. leaena, id. ib. 3, 20, 2: mapalia, Mart. 10, 20, 7; pastor, Plin. 8, 16, 21, § 54: murex, i. e. taken on the African coast, Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 181; Ov. F. 2, 319; cf. Plin. 9, 36, 60, § 127; hence, also, transf.: Gaetulisve magis fucaret vellus ahenis, Sil. 16, 177: Thetis, i. e. mare Libycum, Claud. Rapt. Pros. 1, 148.
    2. B. Gaetūlĭa, ae, f., the country of the Gœtulians, Plin. 5, 4, 4, § 30; Varr. R. R. 2, 11, 11.
    3. C. Gaetūlĭcus, a, um, adj., Gœtulian: purpura, Plin. 6, 31, 36, § 201: purpurissum, id. 35, 6, 26, § 45.
      Subst.: Gaetūlĭcus, i, m., a surname of Cn. Cornelius Cossus Lentulus, the conqueror of the Gœtulians, Flor. 4, 12, 40; Tac. A. 4, 42; 46; 6, 30; Juv. 8, 26.

† găgātes, ae, m., = γαγάτης (λίθος), a hard, black asphaltum, jet, Plin. 36, 19, 34, § 141 sq.; Veg. Vet. 1, 20, 2; 4, 12, 3.

‡ Gaïpor = Gai puer (like Marcipor = Marci puer), Paul. ex Fest. p. 257, 20 Müll.

Gāĭus (less correctly Cāĭus;

  1. I. trisyl., Cat. 10, 30; Mart. 9, 22, 12; 11, 36, 8); gen. Gāi (voc. Gāi, Mart. 10, 16, 1), m., and Gāĭa, ae, f. [for Gavius; from gaudeo], a Roman prœnomen, usu. written C.; v. the letter G. Gaia was written O, Quint. 1, 7, 28; Vel. Long. p. 2218; P. prol. p. 1502.
    At marriage festivals it was customary to call the bridegroom and bride Gaius and Gaia, Fest. s. v. Gaia, p. 71; Quint. l. l.; Cic. Mur. 12 fin.
  2. II. In partic.
    1. A. An eminent jurist who lived about A.D. 110-180, author of the Institutionum Commentarii IV., which contain a systematic summary of the Roman law of family relations, of private property, and of actions; and which for generations was a standard educational work on the subject. This work was known, however, to modern scholars only by the fragments preserved in the Pandects, etc., until in 1816 Niebuhr discovered in the Chapter House of Verona a nearly complete MS. of the original work of Gaius, over which works of St. Jerome had been written. Teuffel, Gesch. d. Röm. Lit. p. 812 sqq.
    2. B. In post-Aug. historians, esp., the emperor Gaius Caligula; hence, Gāiānus or Cāiānus, a, um, adj., of or belonging to Caligula: custodia, Sen. Tranq. 11: clades, id. ib. 14 fin.: expeditiones, Tac. 4, 15: nex, Suet. Tit. 1: as (because lowered in value by him), Stat. Sil. 4, 9, 22.

Gala, ae, m., the father of Masinissa, Liv. 24, 48.

† gălactītes, ae, m., and gălactītis, ĭdis, f., = γαλακτίτης and γαλακτῖτις, a precious stone of a milk-white color, otherwise unknown, milk-stone, Plin. 37, 10, 59, § 162.
Called also gălaxias, ae, m., = γαλαξίας, id. ib.

Gălaesus (also Gălēs-), i, m.

  1. I. Γαλαῖσος, Polyb., a river of Magna Grœcia, near Tarento, now Galeso, Liv. 25, 11; Hor. C. 2, 6, 10; Verg. G. 4, 126; Prop. 2, 34 (3, 32), 67; Mart. 12, 63, 3.
  2. II. A wealthy Latin farmer, Verg. A. 7, 535; 575.

Gălanthis, ĭdis, f., a female attendant of Alcmene, changed by Lucina, whom she had deceived, into a weasel (Gr. γαλέη), Ov. M. 9, 306 sq.

Gălătae, ārum, m., = Γαλάται,

  1. I. a Celtic people who migrated into Phrygia, the Galatians, Cic. Att. 6, 5, 3; Plin. 8, 42, 64, § 158; Tac. A. 15, 6.
    Called also Gallograeci, q. v.
    In sing., Gălăta, a Galatian, Claud. in Eutr. 1, 59; Ascon. Cic. Mil. p. 38 Orell.
    Hence,
    1. A. Gălătī̆a, ae, f., = Γαλατία, the country inhabited by the Galatians, Galatia, now Ejalet Anadoli and Karaman, Plin. 5, 32, 42, § 146; 14, 9, 11, § 80; Tac. A. 13, 35; id. H. 2, 9; Stat. S. 1, 4, 76.
      Called also Gallograecia, q. v.
    2. B. Gă-lătĭcus, a, um, adj., of or belonging to the Galatians, Galatian: hordeum, Col. 2, 9, 16: lana, Plin. 29, 2, 9, § 33: ruta, id. 20, 13, 51, § 132: habrotonum, id. 21, 21, 92, § 160: rubor, of Galatian scarlet-berries, Tert. Pall. 40 fin.
    3. C. gălătĭcor, āri, v. dep., to mingle Jewish and Christian ceremonies after the manner of the Galatians, Tert. adv. Psych. 14.
  2. II. A Greek name for the Gauls; cf. Gallograeci, Amm. 15, 9, 3.

Gălătēa, ae, f., = Γαλάτεια.

  1. I. A seanymph, Ov. M. 13, 738; 789; 839 sq.; Verg. A. 9, 103.
  2. II. A rustic maiden, Verg. E. 1, 31; 3, 64.
  3. III. A female friend of Horace, to whom C. 3, 27 is addressed.

Gălătī̆a, ae, f.

  1. I. Galatia, v. Galatae, I. A.
  2. II. A castle between Capua and Caudium, Liv. 26, 5, 4.

gălătĭcor, āri, v. Galatae, I. C.

Gălătĭcus, a, um, v. Galatae, I. B.

† gălaxĭas, ae, m., = γαλαξίας.

  1. I. Milk-stone; = galactites, q. v., Plin. 37, 10, 59, § 162.
  2. II. The Milky Way, called in pure Lat. Via lactea, Macr. Somn. Scip. 1, 4; 9; Mart. Cap. 8, § 826 al.

†† galba, ae, f. [Gallic, perh. kindr. with the Germ. gelb (yellow) or Kalb (calf)].

  1. I. A small worm, the ash-borer, or the larva of the ash-spinner, Bombyx aesculi, Linn. acc. to Suet. Galb. 3.
  2. II. In the Gallic, i. q. praepinguis, fat paunch, big belly, acc. to Suet. Galb. 3.
  3. III. As a prop. name: Galba, ae, m.
    1. A. Name of a chief of the Suessiones, Caes. B. G. 2, 4, 7; 2, 13, 1.
    2. B. A surname in the gens Sulpicia, Suet. Galb. 3.
      So, Ser. Sulpicius Galba, consul in 610; v. Sulpicius; and the emperor of the same name, Suet. Galb.; Juv. 8, 5; 222.

* galbănātus (or galbinātus), a, um, adj. [galbinus, II.], delicately clothed, effeminate, Mart. 3, 82, 5.

galbănĕus, a, um, adj. [galbanum], of galbanum: odores, Verg. G. 4, 264: nidor, id. ib. 3, 415.

galbănum, i, n. [χαλβάνη], the resinous sap of an umbelliferous plant in Syria (the Bubon galbanum, Linn.), galbanum, Plin. 12, 25, 56, § 121; 24, 5, 13, § 21; Suet. Galb. 3; Luc. 9, 916; Calp. Ecl. 5, 89.
Also, galbănus, i, m., Vulg. Sir. 14, 21; and chalbăne, answering to the Gr. χαλβάνη, ēs, f., Dig. 39, 4, 16, § 7.

galbĕum, i, n., or galbĕus (anciently calbĕus), i, m. [‡ galbus], a kind of armband, fillet (worn as an ornament, or for medical purposes): ‡ galbeum ornamenti genus, Paul. ex Fest. p. 96 Müll.: ‡ calbeos armillas dicebant, quibus triumphantes utebantur, et quibus ob virtutes milites donabantur, id. p. 46; Cato ap. Fest. s. v. ruscum, p. 265, a Müll.: alii (cognomen Galbae inde trahunt), quod in diuturna valetudine galbeo, id est remediis lana involutis assidue uteretur, Suet. Galb. 3.

galbĭna, ae, f., a small bird, perh. the yellow thrush, Mart. 13, 68, 1.

galbĭnātus, a, um. v. galbanatus.

galbĭnĕus, a, um, adj. [‡ galbus], yellowish: color, Veg. Vet. 3, 2, 22.

galbĭnus, a, um, adj. [either from galbanum or from GALBUS],

  1. I. greenish-yellow, yellowish; cf. tunica, Vop. Aur. 34: avis, Mart. 13, 68, 1: cingillum, Petr. 67, 4.
    As subst. plur.: galbĭna (sc. vestimenta), ōrum, n., pale-green garments, Juv. 2, 97.
    Hence,
  2. II. Transf., effeminate: moris, Mart. 1, 97, 9.

galbŭla, ae, dim, of galbĭna, v. l. for galgulus, Plin. 30, 11, 28, § 94.

galbŭlus, i, m.,

  1. I. the nut of the cypresstree, Varr. R. R. 1, 40, 1.
  2. II. Dim., of galbina, q. v., Mart. 13, 68 tit.

‡ 1. galbus, χλωρός, Gloss. Philox. [the Germ. gelb (yellow)].

2. galbus, a, um, v. calvus fin.

gălĕa, ae, f. [kindred to Sancr. jal, to cover; cf. celare], a helmet (usually of leather), head-piece, morion (cf. cudo; the cassis, on the contrary, was made of metal plate: cassis de lamina est, galea de corio, Isid. Orig. 18, 14).

  1. I. Lit.: gestandust peregre clupeus, galea, sarcina, Plaut. Trin. 2, 4, 195: vix uni alterive cassis aut galea, Tac. G. 6: ad galeas induendas tempus defuit, Caes. B. G. 2, 21, 5; id. B. C. 3, 62, 1; 3, 63, 7; Plin. 7, 56, 57, § 200; Verg. G. 2, 142; id. A. 8, 620; 9, 365: aerea, Vulg. 1 Reg. 17, 38 et saep. Furnished with a visor, Sil. 14, 636; Stat. Th. 4, 20.
    Freq. and class. also of brazen helmets (cf. so the Gr. κυνέη): tinnit hastilibus umbo Aerato sonitu galeae, Enn. ap. Macr. 6, 3 (Ann. v. 433 Vahl.): loricae galeaeque aeneae, caelatae opere Corinthio, Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 44, § 97: aerea, Verg. A. 5, 491: leves, Hor. C. 1, 2, 38; cf.: seu caput abdiderat cristata casside pennis, in galea formosus erat, Ov. M. 8, 25.
  2. II. Transf., the crest of the Guinea fowl, Col. 8, 2, 2.

‡ galearia a galearum similitudine dicta, Paul. ex Fest. p. 96 Müll.

gălĕārĭi, ōrum, m. [galea], a kind of soldiers’ servants, Veg. Mil. 3, 6.

* gălĕāris, e, adj. [galea], of or belonging to a helmet, helmet-: reticula, Quadrig. ap. Non. 222, 2.

gălĕātus, i, m., v. galeo.

gălēna, ae, f.

  1. I. Lead-ore, Plin. 34, 18, 53, § 159; 33, 6, 31, § 95.
  2. II. Dross that remains after melting lead, Plin. 34, 16, 47, § 159.

gălĕo, āvi, ātum, 1, v. a. [galea], to cover with a helmet.

  1. I. Lit.: milites in campo jubet galeari, Auct. B. Afr. 12 fin.; Cinna ap. Non. 87, 28: et barbati quidem Jovis, galeatae Minervae, Cic. N. D. 1, 36, 100: galeati et distincti centuriones, Front. S. 11, 1, 27.
    Subst.: găleātus, i, m., a helmed warrior, Juv. 1, 169.
    Plur., Vulg. 2 Macc. 5, 3.
  2. II. Trop.: galeatus prologus, i. e. in which one defends himself, Hier. praef. S. Script.

* gălĕŏla, ae, f. dim. [galea], a hollow vessel shaped like a helmet, Varr. ap. Non. 547, 23.

† gălĕopsis, is, f., = γαλίοψις, also galeobdolon or galion, n., = γαλεόβδολον and γάλιον, a plant of the nettle kind, blind-nettle, Plin. 27, 9, 57, § 81.

‡ gălĕos, l, m., = γαλεός, a kind of shark or dog-fish, Plin. 32, 2, 12, § 25.

Gălĕōtae, ārum, m., = Γαλεῶται, a sort of interpreters of prodigies in Sicily: huic (Dionysio) interpretes portentorum, qui Galeotae tum in Sicilia nominabantur, responderunt, etc., Cic. Div. 1, 20, 39.

† gălĕōtes, ae, m., = γαλεώτης, a sort of lizard, Plin. 29, 4, 28, § 60.

Gălēria, ae, v. Galerius.

gălērĭcŭlum, i, n. dim. [galerum], a small covering for the head, a cap, Mart. 14, 50 in lemm.; Front. S. 4, 7, 29.
A kind of peruke, Suet. Oth. 12; cf. galerum, II. A.

gălērītus, a, um, adj. [galerum], that wears a hood.

  1. I. Lit.: prima galeritus posuit praetoria Lygmon, i. e. a peasant, rustic, Prop. 4 (5), 1, 29.
  2. II. Transf.: galerita avis, the crested lark, Alauda cristata, Linn.; Plin. 11, 37, 44, § 121; 30, 7, 20, § 62; called also, subst.: galeritus, i, m. (sc. ales), Varr. L. L. 5, § 76 Müll.

Gălērĭus (scanned Gālĕrĭus, Prud. στεφ. 7, 6), a, name of a Roman gens. So,

    1. 1. Galerius Maximianus, who reigned as emperor with Constantius Chlorus from A. D. 305, and died 311, Eutr. 9 sq.; Lact. de Mort. Pers. 10.
    2. 2. Galerius Trachalus, a famous orator under Otho, Tac. H. 1, 90; 2, 60.
      In fem.: Galeria, ae, wife of the emperor Vitellius, Tac. H. 2, 60; 64; Suet. Vit. 6.
      Galeria tribus, one of the tribās rusticae, Liv. 27, 6, 3.

gălērum, i, n. (also gălērus, i, m., Verg. A. 7, 688: gălēra, ae, f., C. Gracch. in Charis. p. 61 P.) [galea], a helmet-like covering for the head, made of undressed skin, the Gr. κυνέη, a cap, bonnet, hat (cf.: pileus, petasus, apex).

  1. I. Lit.: flamen Dialis solus album habet galerum, Varr. ap. Gell. 10, 15, 32; so of a priest’s cap, App. Mag. p. 288; cf.: Suetonius tria genera pileorum dixit, quibus sacerdotes utuntur, apicem, tutulum, galerum … galerum pileum ex pelle hostiae caesae, Serv. Verg. A. 2, 683: fulvosque lupi de pelle galeros Tegmen habent capiti, Verg. A. 7, 688 (galerus est genus pilei, quod Fronto genere neutro dicit hoc galerum, Serv. ad h. l.); so Verg. M. 121; Suet. Ner. 26; Grat. Cyneg. 340; Calp. Ecl. 1, 7; Juv. 8, 208; Stat. Th. 1, 305.
  2. II. Transf.
    1. A. A kind of peruke, Suet. Ner. 26 Ruhnk.; Juv. 6, 120.
    2. B. A rose-bud, Aus. Idyll. 14, 25.

Galēsus, i, v. Galaesus.

galgŭlus, i, m., a small bird, the witwall, Plin. 30, 11, 28, § 94 Jan. (al. galbula).

Gălī̆laea, ae, f., = Γαλιλαία,

  1. I. the province of Galilee in northern Palestine, Plin. 5, 14, 15, § 70.
  2. II. Deriv.: Gălī̆laeus, a, um, adj., of or belonging to Galilee, Galilean: Gălĭlaea per arva, Sedul. 4, 188: Gălīlaeas repetat Salvator in oras, Juvenc. 3, 195.
    Subst.: Galilaei, ōrum, m., the inhabitants of Galilee, Galileans, Tac. A. 12, 54.

galion, i, v. galeopsis.

1. galla, ae, f.

  1. I. Oak-apple, gall-nut, Plin. 16, 6, 9, § 26; 24, 4, 5, § 9; Col. 9, 13, 7; Mart. Cap. 3, § 225.
    Plur., Col. 6, 7, 2.
    In a pun with Galla, a female Gaul; v. 1. Galli, I.
  2. II. A harsh, inferior kind of wine, Lucil. ap. Non. 445, 18; cf. Paul. ex Fest. p. 96 Müll.

2. Galla, ae, f., a female Gaul; v. 1. Galli, I.

3. Galla, ae, f., a priest of Cybele; v. 3. Gallus, II. A.

Gallaeci (also Callaeci and Cal-laïci), ōrum, m., = Καλλαικοί Strab.,

  1. I. a people in western Hispania Tarraconensis, now Galicia and part of Portugal, Plin. 3, 3, 4, § 28.
  2. II. Derivv.
    1. A. Gallae-cus (also Gallaïcus and Callaïcus), a, um, adj., of or belonging to the Gallaeci, (Call-), Gallœcian (Call-): Gallaica gens, Plin. 8, 42, 67, § 166: Callaicum aurum, Mart. 4, 39, 7: Gallaica gemma, Plin. 37, 10, 59, § 163: Gallaecus, a surname of A. Brutus, from his victory over the Gallaeci, Vell. 2, 5.
    2. B. Gallaecia (Call-), ae, f., the country of the Gallaeci, Plin. 4, 20, 34, § 112; Flor. 2, 17, 5.

gallans, antis, Part. [3. Gallus, II. A., analogous with bacchans from bacchor], raving or revelling like a priest of Cybele (very rare), Varr. ap. Non. 119, 5; Poët. in Anth. Lat. Burm. I. p. 34.

1. Galli, ōrum, m.,

  1. I. the Gallic nation, the Gauls, both beyond the Rhine and in Upper Italy; afterwards also in Phrygia as Gallograeci or Galatae.
    Of the Gallograeci, Liv. 38, 12 sq.
    In sing.: Gallus, a Gaul: delegit Gallum ex his, quos auxilii causa secum habebat, Caes. B. G. 3, 18, 1; cf.: Gallus inter Gallos sine ulla suspicione versatus, id. ib. 5, 45, 4.
    In fem.: Galla, ae, a female Gaul: inter quae (sacrificia extraordinaria) Gallus et Galla, Graecus et Graeca in foro boario sub terra vivi demissi sunt, Liv. 22, 57, 6.
    Hence the pun with galla, gall-nut, Macr. S. 2, 2.
  2. II. Derivv.
    1. A. Gallĭa, ae, f., the country of the Gauls, Gaul, both beyond the Rhine and in Upper Italy; the more precise name of the former is Gallia ulterior or Transalpina, and of the latter Gallia citerior or Cisalpina, v. h. vv.
      Hence, in plur.: Galliae duae (provinciae) quas hoc tempore uno imperio videmus esse conjunctas, Cic. Prov. Cons. 2, 3.
    2. B. Gallĭcus, a, um, adj., of or belonging to the Gauls, Gallic: muli viliores Gallicis cantheriis, Plaut. Aul. 3, 5, 21: ager, Caes. B. G. 1, 31, 11; Cic. Sull. 19, 53: humus, Ov. F. 4, 362: Oceanus, Plin. 4, 19, 33, § 109; cf. sinus, id. 32, 2, 11, § 21: arma, Caes. B. G. 1, 22, 2: naves, id. ib. 3, 11, 5; 3, 14, 7: bella, id. ib. 4, 20, 1: lingua, id. ib. 1, 47, 4: mores, id. ib. 4, 3, 3; cf. consuetudo, id. ib. 4, 5, 2; 5, 14, 1: ostentatio, id. ib. 7, 53, 3 al.: canis, a greyhound, Ov. M. 1, 533: ventus, the north-northeast wind, Vitr. 1, 5.
      Subst.: gallĭca, ae, f., a Gallic shoe: (redii) cum calceis et toga, nullis nec gallicis, nec lacerna, Cic. Phil. 2, 30, 76; cf. Gell. 13, 21, 6.
      Adv.: Gallĭce, in Gallic: a Gallo et a Mauro Gallice et Maurice dicimus, Varr. ap. Gell. 2, 25, 8; Gell. 11, 7, 4.
    3. * C. Gallĭus, a, um, adj., Gallic: Galliae pro Gallicae, Sall. H. lib. IV.: duae Galliae mulieres conventum vitantes, etc., Non. 492, 30 sq.
    4. D. Gallus, a, um, adj., Gallic: Galla credulitas, Mart. 5, 1, 10: mulieres, Sall. H. Fragm. 4, 15 Dietsch.
    5. E. Gallĭcānus, a, um, adj., of or belonging to the Roman province Gallia (in Upper Italy), Gallican: legiones, Cic. Cat. 2, 3, 5: ratio atque res, id. Quint. 4, 15: ager, id. Cat. 2, 12, 26 (al. Gallicus, like ib. § 6): lana, Varr. L. L. 9, § 39 Müll.
      Also in gen. for Gallic: catulus, Cat. 42, 6: jumenta, App. M. 10, p. 247.
      Subst.: Gallĭcāni, ōrum, the Gallicans, Varr. R. R. 1, 32, 2.
      In sing.: m., the inhabitants of the province Gallia, prius enim Gallus, dein Gallicanus, extremo Semiplacentinus haberi coeptus est, Cic. Pis. init.
  3. * F. Gallŭlus, a, um, adj., Gallic: Roma, poet. of the city Arelas, in southern Gaul, Aus. de Clar. Urb. 8, 2.

2. Galli, ōrum, v. 3. Gallus, II. A.

Gallia, ae, v. 1. Galli, II. A.

galliambus, i, m. [3. Gallus, II. A.], a song of the priests of Cybele, Diom. p. 513 P.; Mart. 2, 86, 5; Quint. 9, 4, 6.

gallĭca, ae, v. 1. Galli, II. B.

Gallĭcānus, a, um, v. 1. Galli, II. E.

gallĭcārĭus, ii, m. [gallica, 1. Galli, II. B.], a maker of the Gallic shoe, Hier. praef. ap. Reg. S. Pachom. no. 6.

Gallĭce, adv., v. 1. Galli, II. B. fin.

gallĭcĭnĭum, ii, n. [1. gallus-cano], cock-crowing, used only transf. as a specification of time, for the last watch of the night, the break of day, early dawn: noctis gallicinio venit quidam juvenis, App. M. 8 init.; Amm. 22, 14; Macr. S. 1, 3; Censor. de Die Nat. 24.
Plur., Petr. 62, 3.

gallī̆crus, ūris, n. [1. gallus-crus], the plant crow-foot, ranunculus, App. Herb. 44.

gallĭcŭla, ae, f. dim. [gallica], a small Gallic shoe, galosh, Hier. ap. Reg. S. Pachom. nos. 101 and 104.

Gallĭcus, a, um, adj.

  1. I. Of or belonging to the Gauls; v. 1. Galli, II. B.
  2. II. Of the river Gallus; v. 3. Gallus, II. B. 1.
  3. III. Of the priests of Cybele; v. 3. Gallus, II. B. 2.

gallidraga, ae, f., the hairy teasel, Dipsacus pilosus, Linn.; Plin. 27, 10, 62, § 89.

1. gallīna, ae, f. [1. gallus], a hen.

  1. I. Lit., Varr. R. R. 3, 9, 1; Col. 8, 2, 1; Plaut. Ps. 1, 1, 27 sq.; Cic. de Sen. 16, 56; id. Ac. 2, 18, 57; id. Div. 2, 26, 56; id. N. D. 2, 48, 124; Hor. S. 2, 2, 24; 2, 4, 18 al.
    As a term of endearment: dic me igitur tuom passerculum, gallinam, coturnicem, Plaut. As. 3, 3, 76.
    Comic.: has (litteras) quidem gallina scripsit. these are hen-tracks, Plaut. Ps. 1, 1, 28.
    Prov.: gallinae filius albae, child of fortune, fortune’s favorite, Juv. 13, 141; v. filius and albus.
  2. II. Transf.: ad Gallinas, a villa of the Cœsars on the Tiber, near Rome, Suet. Galb. 1; cf. Plin. 15, 30, 40, § 137.

2. Gallīna, ae, m., the name of a gladiator, Hor. S. 2, 6, 44.

gallīnācĕus (-acius, Bücheler, Rhein. Mus. 20, 441; Wagner ad Plaut. Aul. 462), a, um, adj. [gallina, 1. gallus],

  1. I. of or belonging to domestic fowls or poultry: gallus, a poultry-cock, dunghill-cock, Plaut. Aul. 3, 4, 7; Lucil. ap. Non. 427, 26; Cic. Div. 1, 34, 74; 2, 26, 56; id. Mur. 29, 61; for which also absol.: gallīnācĕus, i, m., Plin. 37, 10, 54, § 144: gallinacei mares salacissimi, Col. 8, 2, 9; cf. salacitas, of cocks, id. 8, 11, 5: pulli, Plaut. Capt. 4, 2, 69; id. Curc. 3, 80; Varr. R. R. 3, 9, 10; Col. 8, 11, 13: genus, id. 8, 5, 10.
    Prov.: ut vel lactis gallinacei sperare possis haustum, i. e. something uncommon, Plin. H. N. praef. § 23.
  2. II. Transf., of plants.
          1. (α) Cunila gallinacea, Gr. κονίλη, a kind of savory, Plaut. Trin. 4, 2, 90; Plin. 20, 16, 62, § 170.
          2. (β) Pedes gallinacei, chicken-feet, fumitory, Plin. 25, 13, 98, § 155.

gallīnārĭus, a, um, adj. [gallina, 1. gallus], of or belonging to poultry.

  1. I. Lit.
    1. A. Adj.: scala, a poultry-roost, hen-roost, Cels. 8, 15: vasa, for the poultry to drink out of, Col. 8, 8, 5; 8, 10, 6.
    2. B. Subst.
      1. 1. gallīnā-rĭus, ii, m., one who attends to poultry, Varr. R. R. 3, 9, 7; Cic. Ac. 2, 26, 86; Plin. 10, 55, 76, § 155.
      2. 2. gallīnārĭum, ii, n., a hen-house, hen-coop, Col. 8, 3, 1; Plin. 17, 9, 6, § 51.
  2. II. Transf., as an adj. prop.
    1. A. Gallinaria insula, an island in the Tuscan Sea, now Galinara or Isola d’ Albengo, Varr. R. R. 3, 9, 17; Col. 8, 2, 2; Sulp. Sev. Vit. S. Mart. 6.
    2. B. Gallinaria silva, a wood in Campania, near Cumœ, Cic. Fam. 9, 23; cf.: gallinaria pinus, Juv. 3, 307.

gallīnŭla, ae, f. dim. [gallina], a pullet, chicken, App. M. 2, p. 119; Arn. 7, 215; Avien. Progn. Arat. 387.

1. Gallĭus, a, um, v. 1. Galli, II. C.

2. Gallius, a, name of a Roman gens.

    1. 1. M. Gallius, prœtor A. U. C. 711, Cic. Att. 10, 15, 4; id. Phil. 13, 12, 26.
    2. 2. Q. Gallius, accused of ambitus, and defended by Cicero A. U. C. 690; see the fragments in Crell. Cic. IV. 2, p. 454.

Gallŏgraeci, ōrum, m. [Galli-Graeci],

  1. I. the Gauls who migrated into Phrygia, called also Galatae, Mel. 1, 2, 5; Liv. 37, 40; Flor. 2, 11, 3.
  2. II. Deriv. Gallŏgraecĭa, ae, f., the country of the Gallograeci, called also Galatia (v. Galatae, II. A.), Caes. B. C. 3, 4, 5; Liv. 38, 12; Flor. 2, 11, 1.

Gallŏhispāni, ōrum, m. [1. Galli-Hispani], a name for the Celtiberi, formed after the analogy of Gallograeci, Hier. in Iesai. 18, 66, 19.

Gallōnĭus, a, name of a Roman gens.

    1. 1. P. Gallonius, a noted epicure: O Publi, o gurges, Galloni, es homo miser; cenasti in vita numquam bene, Lucil. ap. Cic. Fin. 2, 8, 24; Cic. ib. § 25; 2, 28, 90; id. Quint. 30, 94; Hor. S. 2, 2, 47; Schol. Cruq. ad loc.
    2. 2. C. Gallonius, an adherent of Pompey in the Civil War, Caes. B. C. 2, 18; 20.

gallŭla, ae, f. dim. [galla], a little oakapple or gall-nut, Veg. Vet. 2, 49, 3.

gallŭlasco, ĕre, v. inch. n. [1. gallus], of the voice of boys at the time of changing, to begin to sound manly: puer, cujus vox gallulascit, Naev. ap. Non. 116, 26.

Gallŭlus, a, um, v. 1. Galli, II. F.

1. gallus, i, m. [kindr. to Sanscr. grī, cry; Gr. γῆρυς, speech; Lat. garrio, garrulus; Engl. call], a cock, dunghill-cock, Varr. R. R. 2, 10, 4; 3, 9, 3; Cic. Div. 2, 26, 56 sq.; Juv. 13, 233; Hor. S. 1, 1, 10; Mart. 9, 69, 3; Plin. 10, 21, 25, § 50: ad cantum galli secundi, at second cock-crow, Juv. 9, 107; cf. Vulg. Marc. 14, 30; 68; 72.
Prov.: gallus in sterquilinio suo plurimum potest, i. e. every man is cock of his own dunghill, Sen. Apocol. 402.

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