Lewis & Short

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servĭo, īvi and ii, ītum, 4 (imperf. servibas, Plaut. Capt. 2, 1, 50; fut. servibo, id. Men. 5, 9, 42; id. Merc. 3, 2, 3; Ter. Hec. 3, 5, 45: servibit, Plaut. Pers. 4, 4, 76; id. Trin. 2, 2, 27), v. n. (once pass., v. I. B. infra) [servus], to be a servant or slave, to serve, be in service (freq. and class.).

  1. I. Lit.
          1. (α) Absol.: Ha. Quid tu, servusne es, an liber? Ps. Nunc quidem etiam servio, Plaut. Ps. 2, 2, 16: nunc qui minus servio, quam si forem serva nata? id. Rud. 1, 3, 37: in liberatā terrā liberatores ejus servire, Liv. 34, 50: per centum annos, id. 39, 37, 5: an addictus, quem lex servire, donec solverit, jubet, servus sit, Quint. 7, 3, 26: qui Libertate caret, Serviet aeternum, Hor. Ep. 1, 10, 41: servire liberaliter, Ter. And. 1, 1, 11: serviet utiliter (captivus), Hor. Ep. 1, 16, 70 et saep.: servire juste (opp. injuste imperare), Cic. Rep. 3, 18, 28; id. Phil. 6, 7, 19: vincti per centum annos servistis, Liv. 39, 37: servit vetus hostis Cantaber, serā domitus catenā, Hor. C. 3, 8, 21.
          2. (β) With dat. of the person to whom service is rendered, to be enslaved to, to serve: justum est, tuos tibi servos tuo arbitratu serviat, Plaut. Bacch. 4, 9, 71: lenoni, Ter. Phorm. 1, 2, 33: servitum tibi me abducito, ni fecero, Plaut. Ps. 1, 5, 105: venire in eum locum, ubi parendum alteri et serviendum sit, Cic. Rab. Post. 8, 22; cf.: sive regi sive optimatibus serviant, id. Rep. 1, 35, 55: ut hoc populorum intersit, utrum comi domino an aspero serviant, etc., id. ib. 1, 33, 50: Athenas victas Lacedaemoniis servire pati, Nep. Alcib. 9, 4: minata, Servitura suo Capitolia nostra Canopo, Ov. M. 15, 827.
          3. (γ) With apud: tam ille apud nos servit, quam ego nunc hic apud te servio, Plaut. Capt. 2, 2, 62: filius meus illi apud vos servit captus in Alide, id. ib. 2, 2, 80: hoc pacto apud te serviam, id. Aul. 1, 1, 12: apud lenonem, id. Poen. 4, 2, 87: si quis apud nos servisset, etc., Cic. de Or. 1, 40, 182.
          4. (δ) With homogeneous object: servitutem: qui in servitute est eo jure, quo servus, aut, ut antiqui dixerunt, qui servitutem servit, Quint. 7, 3, 26: tu usque a puero servitutem servivisti in Alide, Plaut. Capt. 3, 4, 12: quorum majorum nemo servitutem servivit, Cic. Top. 6, 29; id. Mur. 29, 61: qui (cives) servitutem servissent, Liv. 40, 18, 7; 45, 15, 5: neque erile negotium plus curat quam si non servitutem serviat, Plaut. Mil. 2, 6, 2; 3, 1, 150 (not servitute, v. Ritschl ad h. l.).
            So with dat. of person: me servitutem servire huic homini optumo, Plaut. Capt. 2, 3, 31; id. Aul. 4, 1, 6; id. Rud. 3, 4, 42; cf.: sed is privatam servitutem servit illi an publicam? id. Capt. 2, 2, 84 (v. infra, II.): ego haud diu: ab ineunte adulescentiā tuis servivi servitutem imperiis, id. Trin. 2, 2, 21; and with apud: apud hunc servitutem servio, id. Mil. 2, 1, 17.
    1. B. Pass. (perh. only in the foll. passage): adsuescamus … servis paucioribus serviri, Sen. Tranq. 9, 3.
  2. II. In gen., with dat. of object (a person or thing), to be devoted or subject to; to be of use or service to; to serve for, be fit or useful for; to do a service to, to comply with, gratify, humor, accommodate; to have respect to, to regard or care for; to consult, aim at, to accommodate one’s self to, etc. (so esp. freq. in Cic.; cf.: pareo, appareo, ministro): tibi servio atque audiens sum imperii, Plaut. Truc. 1, 2, 25; Cic. Div. in Caecil. 15, 48: quoniam sibi (rei publicae) servissem semper, numquam mihi … ut jam mihi servirem, consulerem meis, id. Planc. 38, 92; cf.: servire populo, id. ib. 4, 11; id. Fin. 5, 9, 27 et saep.: cum is, qui imperat aliis, servit ipse nulli cupiditati, id. Rep. 1, 34, 52; cf.: cum homines cupiditatibus iis, quibus ceteri serviunt, imperabunt, id. Lael. 22, 82: aetati hujus, id. Fin. 5, 9, 27: mori alicujus, Nep. Them. 1, 3: semper aut belli aut pacis serviit artibus, Vell. 1, 13, 3: amori aliorum flagitiosissime, Cic. Cat. 2, 4, 8: auribus alicujus, Caes. B. C. 2, 27: bello, id. B. G. 7, 34: brevitati, Cic. de Or. 2, 80, 327: commodis alicujus, id. Rep. 1, 4, 8; id. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 8, § 24; id. Inv. 2, 45, 132: rei publicae commodis, id. Div. in Caecil. 20, 64; cf.: compendio suo privato, Caes. B. C. 3, 32: constantiae, Cic. Fam. 5, 16, 5: dignitati (with consulere rei publicae), id. Sest. 10, 23: dolori meo, id. ib. 6, 14: existimationi, id. Verr. 1, 10, 29; id. Att. 5, 11, 5: famae, id. ib. 5, 10, 2: gloriae, id. Tusc. 5, 3, 9: gravitati vocum aut suavitati, id. Or. 54, 182: vel honori multorum vel periculo (with obedire tempori), id. Brut. 69, 242: indulgentiae, id. Cael. 32, 79: iracundiae (with parere dolori), id. Prov. Cons. 1, 2: laudi et gloriae, id. Cat. 1, 9, 23: laudi existimationique, id. Verr. 2, 1, 2, § 5: numeris (orationis), id. Or. 52, 176: oculis civium, id. Phil. 8, 10, 29: pecuniae, id. Tusc. 5, 3, 9: personae, id. Off. 3, 29, 106: petitioni, id. Verr. 1, 9, 24: posteritati, id. Tusc. 1, 15, 35: rei familiari, id. Rosc. Am. 15, 43; cf. rei, Ter. Hec. 2, 1, 27: rumori, Plaut. Trin. 3, 2, 14; Caes. B. G. 4, 5 fin.: tempori, Cic. Sest. 6, 14; id. Tusc. 3, 27, 66; id. Att. 8, 3, 6; 10, 7, 1: utilitati salutique, id. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 9, § 27: valetudini, id. Fam. 16, 18, 1: vectigalibus, id. de Or. 2, 40, 171: venustati vel maxime, id. ib. 2, 78, 316; 2, 80, 327: verbis praecedentibus, Quint. 9, 4, 63.
    Pass. impers.: ut communi utilitati serviatur, Cic. Off. 1, 10, 31: concisum est ita, ut non brevitati servitum sit, sed magis venustati, id. de Or. 2, 80, 327.
          1. (β) With homogeneous object (cf. supra, I. δ): ab ineunte adulescentiā Tuis servivi servitutem imperiis et praeceptis, pater … Meum animum tibi servitutem servire aequom censui, Plaut. Trin. 2, 2, 21 sqq.
    1. B. Transf., of things.
      1. 1. In gen., to help, assist, be serviceable to, be useful for (post-Aug.): ut totus truncus alienigenis surculis serviat, Col. 4, 29, 14; cf.: tabularia debent servire gallinis, id. 6, 3, 2: chartis serviunt calami, Plin. 16, 36, 64, § 157: candelae luminibus et funeribus serviunt, id. 16, 37, 70, § 178: eademque materia et cibis et probris serviat, id. 33, 12, 54, § 152: laetor quod domus aliquando C. Cassi, serviet domino non minori, Plin. Ep. 7, 24, 8.
      2. 2. Esp., jurid. t. t., of buildings, lands, etc., to be subject to a servitude: praedia, quae serviebant, Cic. Agr. 3, 2, 9; so, aedes, id. Off. 3, 16, 67: neque servire quandam earum aedium partem in mancipi lege dixisset, id. de Or. 1, 39, 178: eodem numero (incorporalium) sunt et jura praediorum urbanorum et rusticorum, quae etiam servitutes vocantur, Gai. Inst. 2, 14 fin.; Paul. Sent. 1, 17; cf. Dig. 8, 2, 20, §§ 3 and 5; 8, 6, 8, § 1 al.; and v. servitus, II. B., and servus, II.

Servĭus, i, m.

  1. I. A Roman proper name, esp. in the Sulpician gens; whence Servii is sometimes used for Sulpicii, Oth. ap. Tac. H. 2, 48.
    Esp., Servius Sulpitius Rufus, an eminent jurist and statesman, contemporary with Cicero, alled Servius, Dig. 47, 2, 76, § 1; Gai. Inst. 2, 244; v. Sulpicius.
    Hence, Servĭānus, a, um, adj., of or belonging to Servius Sulpitius the jurist, Servian: actio, Dig. 20, 1, 3; for which also simply Servĭāna, ae, ib. 20, 1, 1; 20, 1, 7; 20, 1, 10.
  2. II. Servius Tullius, the sixth king of Rome; v. Tullius.
  3. III. Servius Maurus Honoratus, a grammarian under Valentinian, a commentator on Vergil.

1. servus, a, um, adj. [referred by the ancients to servo: servi ex eo appellati sunt, quod imperatores servos vendere, ac per hoc servare, nec occidere solent, Just. Inst. 1, 3, 3; but prob. from root svar-; Lith. svaras, a weight; cf. Gr. ἕρμα; O. H. Germ. swari, burdensome; Germ. schwer, heavy; cf. also serius], slavish, servile, subject.

  1. I. In gen.
    1. A. With homo (= 2. servus; mostly ante-class.): non decet superbum esse hominem servom, Plaut. As. 2, 4, 64; id. Mil. 2, 6, 80; id. Stich. 1, 2, 1; 5, 4, 10; id. Ep. 1, 1, 58; 3, 1, 7; Ter. Phorm. 2, 1, 62.
    2. B. With other subjects (not freq. till after the Aug. per.): octo milia liberorum servorumque capitum sunt capta, Liv. 29, 29: corpori, quod servum fortuna erat, vim fecit, id. 38, 24: Graeciae urbes servae et vectigales (opp. liberae), id. 34, 58: civitas, id. 25, 31: Lacedaemon, id. 34, 41: serva manus, Ov. F. 6, 558: o imitatores, servum pecus! Hor. Ep. 1, 19, 19: serva aqua, i. e. servorum, Ov. Am. 1, 6, 26; cf. Petr. 71: servam operam, linguam liberam herus me jussit habere, Plaut. Pers. 2, 4, 9: omnia non serva et maxime regna hostilia ducunt (Romani), Sall. H. 4, 61, 17 Dietsch: reges serva omnia et subjecta imperio suo esse velint, Liv. 37, 54; 42, 46: statu libera quicquid peperit, hoc servum heredis est, Dig. 40, 7, 16.
  2. II. Jurid. t. t., of buildings, lands, etc., liable to certain burdens, subject to a servitude: libera (praedia) meliore jure sunt quam serva, Cic. Agr. 3, 2, 9: fundus, Dig. 8, 6, 6: aedes, ib. 8, 2, 35: area, ib. 8, 2, 34 al.; cf. servio, II. B., and servitus, II B.
    Hence,

2. servus (-ŏs), i, m., and serva, ae, f., a slave, servant, serf, serving-man; a female slave, maid-servant.

  1. A. Masc. (syn.: famulus, mancipium), Enn. ap. Non. 471, 19 (Com. v. 5 Vahl.); Cato ap. Gell. 10, 3, 17: servi, ancillae, id. ap. Fest. s. v. prohibere, p. 234 Müll.; cf.: Ulixes domi etiam contumelias servorum ancillarumque pertulit, Cic. Off. 1, 31, 113: servus armiger, Plaut. Cas. 2, 3, 39: dotalis, id. As. 1, 1, 72: frugi, id. Aul. 4, 1, 1: graphicus et quantivis pretii, id. Ep. 3, 3, 29: nequam et malus, id. Poen. 5, 2, 70: scelestus, infidelis, id. Trin. 2, 4, 126: peculiosus, id. Rud. 1, 2, 24: peculiaris, id. Capt. prol. 20: fallax, Ov. Am. 1, 15, 17: servus a pedibus, Cic. Att. 8, 5, 1: a manu, Suet. Caes. 74: aliquem servum sibi habere ad manum, Cic. de Or. 3, 60, 225: publici, public slaves, S. C. ap. Front. Aquaed. 100; Varr. ap. Gell. 13, 13, 4; Cic. Phil. 8, 8, 24; Liv. 9, 29 fin. et saep.; cf. Dig. 1, 5, 5.
    Prov.: quot servi, tot hostes, Sinn. Capito ap. Fest. s. v. quot, p. 261 Müll.; cf. Sen. Ep. 47, 3; Macr. S. 1, 11 med.
    Esp.: poenae servus, a slave of punishment, i. e. condemned to servile labor, Just. Inst. 1, 12, 3; Dig. 48, 19, 17.
    1. 2. Trop.: vidit enim eos, qui se judiciorum dominos dici volebant, harum cupiditatum esse servos, Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 22, § 58: neque tam servi illi dominorum, quam tu libidinum, id. ib. 2, 4, 50, § 112: omnium libidinum servi, Plin. Ep. 8, 22, 1: adulescens libertorum suorum libertus servorumque servus, Vell. 2, 73, 1: servus potestatis, Cic. Cael. 32, 79; cf. also the doubtful reading: legum omnes servi sumus ut liberi esse possimus, id. Clu. 53, 146 (where B. and K. have omnes servimus).
  2. B. Fem. (mostly anteclass. for ancilla): servae sint istae an liberae, Plaut. Rud. 4, 4, 62: ego serva sum, id. Cist. 4, 2, 99; id. Pers. 4, 4, 63; id. Poen. 5, 4, 31: serva nata, id. Rud. 1, 3, 37: servum servaque natum regnum occupasse, Liv. 1, 47 fin.: serva Briseis, Hor. C. 2, 4, 3 et saep.