Lewis & Short

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† poena, ae, f. [Gr. ποινή, ἄποινα, quitmoney, fine; Lat. pūnio, poenitet], indemnification, compensation, satisfaction, expiation, punishment, penalty (cf. mulcta).

  1. I. Lit.: SI INIVRIAM FAXIT ALTERI VIGINTI QVINQVE AERIS POENAE SVNTO, Fragm. XII. Tab.: mi calido das sanguine poenas, Enn. ap. Macr. S. 6, 1 (Ann. v. 101 Vahl.); imitated by Virgil: tu tamen interea calido mihi sanguine poenas Persolves amborum, Verg. A. 9, 422 Serv.: poenas justas et debitas solvere, Cic. Mil. 31, 85: poenas pendere, Plaut. Bacch. 3, 3, 21; cf. id. As. 2, 4, 77: maximas poenas pendo temeritatis meae, Cic. Att. 11, 8, 1; cf.: rei publicae poenas aut morte aut exsilio dependere, id. Sest. 67, 140: poenas pro civibus suis capere, Sall. J. 68, 3: id pro immolatis in foro Tarquiniensium Romanis poenae redditum, Liv. 7, 19, 3: ut vobis victi Poeni poenas sufferant, Plaut. Cist. 1, 3, 54: poenas sufferre, id. Am. 3, 4, 19: ob mortem alicujus poenas luere, Poët. ap. Cic. N. D. 3, 38, 90: poenas pro aliquā re luere, Sen. Med. 925; Lact. 2, 7, 21; 4, 11, 11; 7, 11, 2: poenam dignam suo scelere suscipere, Cic. lmp. Pomp. 3, 7: poenas a seditioso cive persequi, id. Fam. 1, 9: poenas doloris sui ab aliquo petere, id. Att. 1, 16, 7: repetere poenas ab aliquo, id. Rosc. Am. 24, 67: afficere aliquem poenā, id. Off. 2, 5, 18: multā et poenā multare aliquem, id. Balb. 18, 42: poena falsarum litterarum, id. Fl. 17, 39: reticentiae poena, id. Off. 3, 16, 65: poenas acquas irroget peccatis, Hor. S. 1, 3, 118: mediocrium delictorum poenae, Paul. Sent. 5, 17, 3: poena nummaria, a fine, Mos. et Rom. Leg. Coll. 14, 2, 2; so, pecuniaria, Gai. Inst. 4, 111.
    1. B. Poena, the goddess of punishment or vengeance; in plur.: Poenae, the goddesses of vengeance, sometimes identified by the poets with the Furiae: o Poena, o Furia sociorum! Cic. Pis. 37, 91; cf.: saeva sororum Poena parens, Val. Fl. 1, 796; so in sing., Stat. Th. 8, 25; in plur., Cic. Clu. 61, 171; Luc. 6, 695; Varr. ap. Non. 390, 9; Val. Fl. 7, 147.
  2. II. Transf., hardship, torment, suffering, pain, etc. (postAug.): frugalitatem exigit philosophia, non poenam, Sen. Ep. 5, 4; Plin. 23, 2, 28, § 59: captivitatis, Just. 11, 14, 11.
    In plur.: in tantis vitae poenis, Plin. 2, 7, 5, § 27: balaenae pariendi poenis invalidae, id. 9, 6, 5, § 13: longa poenarum patientia, Just. 3, 5, 2: ebrius qui nullum forte cecidit, dat poenas, is in anguish, Juv. 3, 279.

Poeni, ōrum, m., the Phœnicians, i. e. the Carthaginians (descended from the Phœnicians): Poeni stipendia pendunt, Enn. ap. Varr. L. L. 5, § 182 Müll. (Ann. v. 269 Vahl.); id. ap. Fest. p. 249 ib. (Ann. v. 278 Vahl.); Cic. Rep. 2, 4, 9: Poeni foedifragi, id. Off. 1, 12, 38: Poenorum crudelitas, id. N. D. 3, 32, 80: ponuntque ferocia Poeni Corda, Verg. A. 1, 302.
Gen. plur.: Poenūm, Sil. 7, 714; 17, 311.
In sing.: Poenus, i, m., a Carthaginian: Poenus plane est, he is a true Carthaginian, i. e. full of cunning, trickish, Plaut. Poen. prol. 113.
Pregn., for Hannibal, Cic. de Or. 2, 18, 77.
Collectively: si uterque Poenus Serviat uni, i.e. Carthaginians in Africa and Spain, Hor. C. 2, 2, 11.
Hence,

  1. A. Poenus, a, um, adj., Punic, Carthaginian (poet.): leones, Verg. E. 5, 27: columnae, Prop. 2, 23 (3, 29), 3: sermo, Stat. S. 4, 5, 45: vis saeva, Sil. 6, 338: miles, Juv. 10, 155.
    Comp.: est nullus me hodie Poenus Poenior, better versed in the Carthaginian tongue, Plaut. Poen. 5, 2, 31.
  2. B. Pūnĭ-cus (Poen-), a, um, adj., Punic, Carthaginian (the classical form): CLASEIS. POENICAS OM(nes devicit), Inscr. Column. Rostr.: regna, Verg. A. 1, 338: lingua, Plin. 4, 22, 36, § 120: litterae, Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 46, § 103: laterna, Plaut. Aul. 3, 6, 30: bellum primum, secundum, tertium, Cic. Off. 1, 13, 39; id. Brut. 14, 57; id. Verr. 2, 4, 33, § 73: fides, i. e. bad faith, perfidy, treachery (because the Romans considered the Carthaginians perfidious), Sall. J. 108, 3; cf. Liv. 21, 4 fin.; 42, 47; Flor. 2, 2, 6 and 17; Val. Max. 7, 4, ext. 4; so, ars, Liv. 25, 39: Punicum malum, or simply Punicum, i, n., a pomegranate, Plin. 13, 19, 34, § 112; 15, 11, 11, § 39; 15, 28, 34, § 112 et saep.: arbos, i. e. a pomegranate-tree, Col. poët. 10, 243: cera, exceedingly white, Plin. 21, 14, 49, § 83.
    1. 2. Poet., transf., of the Phœnician color, purple color, purple-red: punicarum rostra columbarum, Prop. 3, 3 (4, 2), 32: rostra psittaci, Ov. Am. 2, 6, 22: punico Lugubre mutavit sagum, Hor Epod. 9, 27.
      Hence, adv.: Pūnĭcē (Poen-), in the Punic or Carthaginian manner or language: adibo hosce atque appellabo Punice, Plaut. Poen. 5, 2, 22: loqui, in Punic, id. ib. 5, 2, 23: salutare, id. ib. 5, 2, 40.

poenĭo, īre, v. punio init.

1. Poenus, i, v. Poeni.

2. Poenus, a, um, v. Poeni, A.

pūnĭo or (in archaic form) poenĭo, īvi or ii, ītum, 4 (sync. imp. poenibat, Lucr. 6, 1238), v. a., and pūnĭor (poen-), ītus, 4, v. dep. a. [poena].

  1. I. To inflict punishment upon, to punish (syn.: castigo, animadverto, plecto, multo).
          1. (α) In act. form: peccata punimus, Cic. Inv. 2, 22, 66: punire sontes, id. Off. 1, 24, 82: Philemonem morte puniit, Suet. Caes. 74: alio punito, id. Calig. 30: lex omnis aut punit aut jubet, etc., Quint. 7, 5, 5; cf. id. 7, 1, 48.
            Pass.: tergo ac capite puniri, Liv. 3, 55 fin.; Ov. M. 9, 778.
          2. (β) In dep. form: qui punitur aliquem, Cic. Off. 1, 25, 88: inimicos puniuntur, id. Tusc. 1, 44, 107: hominum necem, id. Phil. 8, 2, 7: crudelius poeniri quam erat humanitatis meae postulare, id. Mil. 13, 33; id. Inv. 2, 27, 80; 2, 28, 83; Quint. 9, 3, 6; Gell. 20, 1, 7: punita sum funestum praedonem, App. M. 8, p. 207, 17.
          3. (γ) In indeterm. form: ipse se puniens, Cic. Tusc. 3, 27, 65: prohibenda autem maxime est ira in puniendo, id. Off. 1, 25, 89 fin.
  2. II. To take vengeance for, to avenge, revenge, = ulcisci (rare): Graeciae fana punire, Cic. Rep. 3, 9, 15: iracundia est cupiditas puniendi doloris, id. de Or. 1, 51, 220: meam domum a judicibus puniendam putavit, Cic. Har. Resp. 8, 16.
    Dep.: ut clarissimorum omnium crudelissimam puniretur necem, Cic. Phil. 8, 2, 7.