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mūnĭa (archaic form moenia: moenia praeter aedificia significant etiam et munia, hoc est officia, Paul. ex Fest. p. 151 Müll.), ōrum (class. only in the form munia, nom. and acc.), n. [Sanscr. root mū, bind; that to which one is bound; cf. Gr. ἀμύνω; also moenia, murus, munus, immunis, etc.], duties, functions, esp. official or professional duties (class.; syn.: officia, munera): munia candidatorum, Cic. Mur. 35, 73: qui suis cervicibus tanta munia atque rem publicam sustinent, id. Sest. 66, 138: cuncti omnium ordinum extrema munia sequi, Sall. Fragm. ap. Non. 137, 12: belli pacisque munia facere, Liv. 1, 42: senatūs, magistratuum, legum in se trahere, Tac. A. 1, 2; cf.: munia consulatūs obire, id. ib. 2, 26: munia ducis implere, id. H. 1, 62: vitae servare munia, Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 131.
Post-class. forms, gen.: OB HAEC INSIGNIA GENERA MVNIORVM, Inscr. Spon. Miscell. Antiq. p. 36 (A. D. 394), but gen. muniūm, Tert. Cor. Mil. 11.
Dat. munibus, Claud. Laud. Stil. 3, 76: muniis, Amm. 31, 2, 20; Serv. Verg. A. 12, 559; Cod. Just. 8, 10, 8 al.

‡ mūnĭca, pro communicas dicebant, Paul. ex Fest. p. 152 Müll.

mūnĭ-ceps, ĭpis

    (
  1. I. gen. plur., municipium for municipum, Tab. Heracl. ap. Mazoch. line 71), comm. [munia-capio, v. infra], an inhabitant of a municipium or free town, a burgher, citizen (class.): municeps, qui in municipio liber natus est. Item, qui ex alio genere hominum munus functus est. Item qui in municipio a servitute se liberavit a municipe. Item municipes erant, qui ex aliis civitatibus Romam venissent, quious non licebat magistratum capere, sed tantum muneris partem, ut fuerunt Cumani, Acerrani, Atellani, qui et cives Romani erant, et in legione merebant, sed dignitates non capiebant, Paul. ex Fest. p. 131 Müll. (v. infra): municipes sunt cives Romani ex municipiis, legibus suis et suo jure utentes: muneris tantum cum populo Romano honorarii participes: a quo munere capessendo appellati videntur, nullis aliis necessitatibus, neque ullā populi Romani lege astricti, nisi, inquam, populus eorum fundus factus est. Primos autem municipes sine suffragii jure Caerites esse factos, accepimus: concessumque illis, ut civitatis Romanae honorem quidem caperent, sed negotiis tamen atque oneribus vacarent, pro sacris bello Gallico receptis custoditisque, Gell. 16, 13, 6: municeps Cosanus, a citizen of (the municipium of) Cosa, Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 62, § 161.
  2. II. Transf.
    1. A. A fellow-citizen, fellowcountryman: municeps noster, our fellowcountryman, Cic. Brut. 70, 246: amavit Glyceram municipem suam, his fellow-countrywoman, Plin. 35, 11, 40, § 125: di municipes, a term applied in contempt to those deities who were confined to particular localities: videmus gentiles deos colere municipes, ut Eleusinios Cererem, Phrygas Matrem, Epidaurios Aesculapium, Min. Fel. Oct. 6.
      Poet., of fishes: vendere municipes siluros, Juv. 4, 33.
      Of inanim. things: municipes Jovis advexisse lagenas, bottles, the countrymen of Jove, i. e. Cretan bottles, Juv. 14, 271.
    2. B. A freedman in a municipium, Dig. 50, 1, 1; so ib. 23 and 27.

mūnĭ-cĭpālis, e, adj. [municipium], of or belonging to a municipium, municipal (class.): est enim ipse, a materno geuere, municipalis, Cic. Sull. 8, 25: homines, id. Att. 8, 13, 2: adulter, Tac. A. 4, 3: dolor, i. e. municipum, Cic. Att. 7, 11, 4.
As the municipia were subordinate to the capital cities, the term is sometimes used in a contemptuous sense, analagous to our provincial: municipalis eques (of Cicero), Juv. 8, 236: municipalis harenae perpetui comites, id. 3, 34: municipales et cathedrarii oratores, Sid. Ep. 4, 3: poëtae, id. Carm. 9, 310: municipalia sacra vocantur, quae ab initio habuerunt ante civitatem Romanam acceptam, quae observare eos voluerunt Pontifices, et eo more facere, quo adfuissent (assuessent) antiquitus, Paul. ex Fest. p. 157 Müll.
Hence, adv.: mūnĭcĭpā-lĭter, in a municipium (post-class.): municipaliter natus, Sid. Ep. 1, 11.

mūnĭcĭpātim, adv. [municipium], by municipia (post-Aug.): municipatim dividendos censuit, Suet. Caes. 14 init.

mūnĭcĭpātĭo, ōnis, f. [municeps], citizenship (eccl. Lat.), Hier. in Psa. 133.

mūnĭcĭpātus, ūs, m. [municeps], citizenship (eccl. Lat.): πολίτευμα, id est municipatus, Tert. adv. Marc. 3, 24; Inscr. Orell. 3702.

mūnĭcĭpĭŏlum, i, n. dim. [municipium], a little municipium (post-class.), Sid. Ep. 3, 1.

mūnĭcĭpĭum, ii, n. [municeps], a town, particularly in Italy, which possessed the right of Roman citizenship (together with, in most cases, the right of voting), but was governed by its own laws; a free town (cf. municeps; syn.: civitas, oppidum): Sex. Roscius, pecuniā sui municipii facile primus, Cic. Rosc. Am. 6, 15: nullum erat Italiae municipium, id. Sest. 14, 32: e municipio antiquissimo Tusculano, id. Planc. 8, 19.
Sometimes for colonia: L. Castronius longe princeps municipii Lucensis, Cic. Fam. 13, 13 init.

mūnĭdător, ōris, m. [munus-dator], a bestower of gifts, Inscr. Afran. ap. Renier, 2928.

mūnĭfex, ĭcis, com. [munia-facio], one who performs service or is on duty (postAug.).

  1. I. Lit., of soldiers: munifices, milites, qui munera facere coguntur, Veg. Mil. 2, 7; cf. Paul. ex Fest. s. v. BENEFICIARII, p. 33 Müll.
  2. II. Transf., of things: munifex mamma, i. e. suckling, Plin. 11, 40, 95, § 234.

mūnĭfĭcē, adv., v. munificus fin.

mūnĭfĭcens, ntis, adj., v. munificus.

mūnĭfĭcentĭa, ae, f. [munificus], bountifulness, munificence, liberality, generosity (class., but not in Cic. or Cæs.): Caesar beneficiis ac munificentiā magnus habebatur, Sall. C. 54, 2: Caesaris, Suet. Caes. 10: naturae, Plin. 27, 1, 1, § 1: liberalitatem et munificentiam exercere, Dig. 39, 5, 1.

mūnĭfĭcĭum, ii, n. [munus-facio], subjection to public burdens (post-class.), Dig. 39, 4, 4, § 1 (al. munificum).

* mūnĭfĭco, 1, v. a. [munificus], to present with any thing: aliquem aliquā re, Lucr. 2, 625.

1. mūnĭfĭcus, a, um, adj. [munusfacio], present-making, i. e. bountiful, liberal, benevolent, generous, munificent (class.; syn.: liberalis, beneficus).

  1. I. Of persons: ut munifica sim bonis, Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 212: in dando munificum esse, Cic. Off. 2, 18, 64: liberalissimus munificentissimusque, id. Rosc. Com. 8, 22.
  2. II. Of things: opes, Ov. P. 4, 1, 24: arca, Mart. 8, 38, 11.
    Comp.: munificior a munifico identidem Cato dixit, cum nunc munificentior dicamus, quamvis munificens non sit in usu, Paul. ex Fest. p. 155 Müll.
    Hence, adv.: mūnĭ-fĭcē, bountifully, munificently (class.): tam munifice et tam large dare, Cic. N. D. 3, 27, 69: adjuvisse, Liv. 22, 37.

2. mūnĭfĭcus, a, um, adj. [munia-facio], doing duty, on duty (post-class.): munifici milites (al. munifices), Dig. 50, 16, 18.

mūnīmen, ĭnis, n. [1. munio], a defence, fortification, rampart, enclosure (poet. and in post-class. prose): munimen ad imbres, a defence against the rains, Verg. G. 2, 352: fossas munimine cingere, Ov. M. 13, 212: narrat esse locum, solidae tutum munimine molis, id. ib. 4, 771: clausae portae, id. Am. 1, 6, 29: horti, a fence, hedge, Pall. 3, 24, 1.

mūnīmentum (moen-, archaic form, Enn. ap. Cic. Fin. 2, 32, 106 B. and K.), i, n. [1. munio], a defence, fortification, intrenchment, rampart, bulwark, protection (class. but not in Cic.).

  1. I. Lit.: ut instar muri hae sepes munimenta praeberent, Caes. B. G. 2, 17: fossa, haud parvum munimentum, a planioribus aditu locis, Liv. 1, 33, 7: sepulcri, Dig. 11, 7, 37.
    Esp., of military fortifications, intrenchments: tenere se munimentis, Tac. A. 13, 36: domūs munimentis septae, id. ib. 15, 38: munimentis se defendere, id. H. 5, 20: coërcere intra munimenta militem, id. ib. 2, 18: munimenta perrumpere, id. A. 12, 17: regni, i. e. flumina, Curt. 4, 5, 4.
    Of a defence or covering for the body: munimentum ipsis equisque loricae plumatae sunt, Just. 41, 2, 10: pingues aliquando lacernas, munimenta togae accipimus, Juv. 9, 28.
  2. II. Trop., defence, protection, shelter: id munimentum (Horatium Coclem) illo die fortuna urbis Romanae habuit, Liv. 2, 10: rati, noctem sibi munimento fore, Sall. J. 97, 3: munimento foret, id. ib. 50, 3: legiones firma imperii munimenta, Tac. H. 4, 52: legum, Val. Max. 6, 3 prooem.; 2, 1, 5.

1. mūnĭo (old form moenio, v. below), īvi or ĭi, ītum, 4 (fut. munibis for munies, Veg. Vet. 1, 10, 5), v. a. [moenia, lit. to wall; hence], to build a wall around, to defend with a wall, to fortify, defend, protect, secure, put in a state of defence (class.).

  1. I. Lit.: arcem ad urbem obsidendam, Nep. Tim. 3, 3: palatium, Liv. 1, 7: locum, Caes. B. G. 1, 24, 3.
    With abl.: Alpibus Italiam munierat ante natura, Cic. Prov. Cons. 14, 34: domum praesidiis, id. Cat. 1, 4, 10: castra vallo fossāque, with palisades and a trench, Caes. B. G. 2, 5: locum muro, id. ib. 29.
    With a homogeneous object, prov.: magna moenis moenia, you are undertaking a great thing, Plaut. Mil. 2, 2, 73: duovir urbis moeniendae, Inscr. Orell. 7142.
    Absol.: quod idoneum ad muniendum putarent, for fortifying, i. e. for use in the fortifications, Nep. Them. 6, 21; Hirt. B. G. 8, 31.
    Also, to surround, guard, for the protection of other things: ignem ita munire ut non evagaretur, Mos. et Rom. Leg. Coll. 12, 7, 7.
    1. B. Transf.
      1. 1. In gen., to defend, guard, secure, protect, shelter: Pergamum divinā moenitum manu, Plaut. Bacch. 4, 9, 2: hortum ab incursu hominum, Col. 11, 3, 2: spica contra avium morsūs munitur vallo aristarum, Cic. Sen. 15, 51: hieme quaternis tunicis et tibialibus muniebatur, he defended, protected, covered himself, Suet. Aug. 82.
      2. 2. To make a road, etc., i. e. to make passable by opening, repairing, or paving it: quasi Appius Caecus viam munierit, Cic. Mil. 7, 17: rupem, Liv. 21, 37: itinera, Nep. Hann. 3, 4: TEMPE MVNIVIT, Inscr. Orell. 587.
  2. II. Trop.
    1. A. To guard, secure, strengthen, support (cf.: fulcio, sustineo): meretriculis Muniendis rem cogere, to maintain, support, Plaut. Truc. 2, 2, 54 (dub.; Speng. moenerandis; v. munero).
      Am strengthening myself: munio me ad haec tempora, Cic. Fam. 9, 18, 2: imperium, to secure, Nep. Reg. 2, 2: muniri adversus fraudes, to secure one’s self, Plin. 37, 13, 76, § 198 (dub. moneri, Jahn): se contra ruborem, Tac. Agr. 45: se multorum benevolentiā, Cic. Fin. 2, 26, 84: se contra perfidiam, id. Fam. 4, 14, 3: aliquid auctoritate, Vell. 2, 127, 2: domum terrore, Plin. Pan. 48, 3.
    2. B. Munire viam, to make or open a way: haec omnia tibi accusandi viam muniebant, prepared the way for your accusation, Cic. Mur. 23, 48: sibi viam ad stuprum, id. Verr. 2, 1, 25, § 64.
      Hence, mūnītus, a, um, P. a., defended, fortified, protected, secured, safe (class.): nullius pudicitia munita contra tuam cupiditatem et audaciam posset esse, Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 15, § 39.
      Neutr. plur. munita as subst.: munita viāi, fortification or breastwork of the mouth (cf. Homer. ἕρκος ὀδόντων), the lips, Lucr. 3, 498.
      Comp.: se munitiorem ad custodiendam vitam suam fore, Cic. Q. Fr. 2, 3, 3.
      Sup.: munitissima castra, Caes. B. G. 4, 55.
      Adv.: mūnītē, securely, safely (ante-class.): munitius, Varr. L. L. 5, § 141. Müll.

(2. munĭo, ōnis, a false reading for nomionem, v. Orell. and Klotz, ad h. l.; Cic. de Or. 1, 59, 251.)

mūnis, e, adj. [cf. munus], ready to be of service or to oblige, obliging (ante-class.): dico ejus pro meritis gratum me et munem fore, Plaut. Merc. prol. 105: munifici munesque viri, Lucil. ap. Non. 23, 15; cf.: munem significare … officiosum: unde e contrario immunis dicitur, qui nullo fungitur officio, Paul. ex Fest. p. 143 Müll.

mūnītē, adv., v. 1. munio, P. a. fin.

mūnītĭo, ōnis, f. [1. munio], a defending, fortifying, protecting (class.).

  1. I. Lit.: milites munitione prohibere, Caes. B. G. 1, 49: oppidi, Suet. Galb. 10: operis, a fortifying, erection of fortifications, Caes. B. G. 1, 8: fluminum, a bridging over, Tac. A. 1, 56: munitionis multa sunt genera, enclosure, fencing, hedging, Pall. 1, 34.
    1. B. Transf.
      1. 1. Concr., a means of fortification or defence, a fortification, rampart, bulwark, intrenchment, walls (syn. munimentum): nisi munitione ac mole lapidum a mari (fons) disjunctus esset, Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 53, § 118: munitiones multiplices Piraei portus, Vell. 2, 23, 3: urbem operibus munitionibusque sepire, Cic. Phil. 13, 9, 20: demoliri, Sall. Fragm. ap. Non. 2, 204: facere, Caes. B. G. 1, 10: incendere, Nep. Eum. 5, 7: per munitionem introire, Sall. J. 38, 6: munitiones in urbem spectantes, Liv. 5, 5: munitiones et castella, Tac. A. 3, 74: multum munitionis, of the walls, Nep. Them. 7, 2.
      2. 2. (Acc. to munio, I. B. 2.) A making passable of roads, by opening, paving, etc.: ex viarum munitione quaestum facere, repairing the roads, work on the roads, Cic. Font. 4, 7: multos ad munitiones viarum condemnavit, Suet. Calig. 27.
  2. II. Trop., a support: aditus ad causam et munitio aut quoddam ornamentum, support to the cause, Cic. de Or. 2, 79, 320 (al. communitio).
    (The gloss. of Fest. is prob. corrupt: munitio morsicatio ciborum, Paul. ex Fest. p. 143 Müll.)

mūnītĭuncŭla, ae, f. dim. [munitio], a little fortification, Vulg. 1 Macc. 16, 15.

* mūnīto, 1, v. freq. a. [1. munio], to make passable, to open a road: viam, Cic. Rosc. Am. 48, 140.

mūnītor, ōris, m. [1. munio], a fortifier, a worker on fortifications, an engineer, miner, etc. (not in Cic. or Cæs.), Tac. A. 1, 64: qui pro munitoribus armati steterant (al. munitionibus), Liv. 7, 23: munitorum numerus, miners, id. 5, 19, 11.
Poet.: Trojae, i. e. Apollo, the builder of the walls of Troy, Ov. H. 5, 139.

mūnītrix, īcis, f. [munitor], a female fortifier, Prisc. 1122 P.

mūnītūra, ae, f. [1. munio], a protection, enclosure (post-class.).

  1. I. Lit.: SARCOPHAGI, Inscr. Grut. 589, 7.
  2. II. Transf., an apron, leathern apron: περιζώματα, quas vulgus etiam munituras vocat, Aug. ap. Jul. Pelag. 2, 6.

mūnītus, a, um, Part. and P. a., v. 1. munio fin.