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spĕcĭālis, e, adj. [species], not general, individual, particular, special (post-Aug. for singularis, proprius): genera specialia, Sen. Ep. 58, 9: illud generale … hoc speciale, Quint. 5, 10, 43: quaestiones, id. 3, 5, 9: status, id. 3, 6, 22: tractatus, id. 5, 7, 35: nomen speciale cognationis, Dig. 38, 20, 10: quod speciale semper habuerunt, proper, peculiar, Treb. XXX. Tyr. 14.
Adv.: spĕ-cĭālĭter, particularly, specially, specifically (cf.: singillatim, nominatim, proprie): generatim atque specialiter aliquid disponere, Col. 12, 2, 3: distinctae, id. 3, 19; opp. generaliter, Quint. 5, 10, 43; Cels. 5, 24, 4: exprimere, Dig. 44, 4, 2: facere, ib. 45, 1, 58.

spĕcĭālĭtas, ātis, f. [specialis], particularity, peculiarity, Anton. Gramm. ap. Front. Diff. Verb. p. 2197 P.; Tert. adv. Marc. 5, 8; Isid. 2, 25, 6.

spĕcĭālĭter, adv., v. specialis fin.

‡ spĕcĭārĭa, ae, f. [species], perh. a female spice-dealer, Inscr. Orell. 4302.

(spĕcĭārĭus, a, um, a false read., Caes. B. C. 3, 53 fin.)

spĕcĭātim, adv. [species], in particular, specially (post-class.); opp. generatim, Mart. Cap. 9, § 939.

* spĕcĭātus, a, um, adj. [species], shaped, formed, Tert. adv. Herm. 40.

spĕcĭes, ēi (gen. sing. specie or specii, Matius ap. Gell. 9, 14, 15; gen. and dat. plur. were not in use in Cicero’s time, but formarum, formis were used instead; cf. Cic. Top. 7, 30.
At a later period were introduced: specierum, Pall. Oct. 14, 15; Cod. Just. 1, 2, 10; Cael. Aur. Tard. 1, 5, § 151; cf. Charis. p. 18 P.; and Diom. p. 281 P.: speciebus, App. ad Asclep. p. 92, 25; Cod. Just. 11, 9, 1 al.; Dig. 28, 2, 29, § 10), f. [specio].

  1. I. Act., a seeing, sight, look, view (rare; cf. aspectus): speciem quo vortimus, Lucr. 4, 242; so id. 4, 236 (for which, a little before, visus); 5, 707; 5, 724; Vitr. 3, 2 fin.; 5, 9: si tantis intervallis nostra species potest id animadvertere, id. 9, 4: qui sensus nostros specie primā acerrime commovent, Cic. de Or. 3, 25, 98: qui doloris speciem ferre non possunt, id. Tusc. 2, 23, 54.
  2. II. Pass., prop. that which is seen in a thing, i. e. the outward appearance, outside, exterior; shape, form, figure, mien, etc. (freq. and class.; syn. forma).
    1. A. Lit.: praeter speciem stultus, Plaut. Most. 4, 2, 49: quod speciem ac formam similem gerit ejus imago, Lucr. 4, 52; cf.: quae species formaque pugnae, qui motus hominum non ita expictus est, ut, etc., outlines, contours, Cic. Tusc. 5, 39, 114: esse aliquem humanā specie et figurā, id. Rosc. Am. 22, 63: hominis esse specie deos confitendum est, id. N. D. 1, 18, 48: edepol specie lepida mulier! Plaut. Rud. 2, 4, 2; cf.: bellan’ videtur specie mulier? id. Bacch. 4, 7, 40; id. Most. 1, 3, 23; id. Mil. 4, 2, 10; 4, 6, 20: urbis speciem vidi, id. Pers. 4, 4, 2; so, species praeclara oppidi, Cic. Rep. 3, 32, 44; id. Verr. 2, 4, 58, § 129: sphaerae (Archimedeae), etc., id. Rep. 1, 14, 21: navium, Caes. B. G. 4, 25; cf.: nova atque inusitata, id. ib. 2, 31: horribilis, id. ib. 7, 36: agro bene culto nihil potest esse specie ornatius, Cic. Sen. 16, 57: horum hominum species est honestissima, id. Cat. 2, 8, 18: ad speciem magnifico ornatu, as to outward appearance, id. Verr. 2, 1, 22, § 58: populi, id. Rep. 3, 33, 45: nec ulla deformior species est civitatis, quam illa, in quā opulentissimi optimi putantur, id. Rep. 1, 34, 51: speciem honesti habere, the look or semblance of what is right, id. Off. 3, 2, 7: turba majorem quam pro numero speciem ferens, Curt. 3, 2, 3; cf.: fallaces sunt rerum species, quibus credimus, Sen. Ben. 4, 34, 1.
      1. 2. Something seen, a spectacle, sight, appearance: ponite itaque ante oculos miseram quidem illam ac flebilem speciem, Cic. Phil. 11, 3: non tulit hanc speciem furiatā mente Coroebus, Verg. A. 2, 407 (cf. I. supra).
      2. 3. Trop., that which is seen by the mind, an idea, notion: hanc illi ἰδέαν appellabant: nos recte speciem possumus dicere, Cic. Ac. 1, 8, 30; cf. id. Top. 7, 30: insidebat in ejus mente species eloquentiae, id. Or. 5, 18: excellentis eloquentiae speciem et formam adumbrabimus, id. ib. 14, 43: species, forma et notio viri boni, id. Off. 3, 20, 81; cf.: prima sit haec forma et species et origo tyranni, id. Rep. 2, 29, 51: qui species alias veri scelerisque capiet, Hor. S. 2, 3, 208: utinam non inanes species anxio animo figuraret, Curt. 7, 1, 36.
    2. B. In partic.
      1. 1. A look, show, seeming, appearance, semblance, pretence, cloak, color, pretext, etc. (opp. that which is real, actual, etc.).
        1. a. In gen.: obiciuntur saepe formae, quae reapse nullae sunt, speciem autem offerunt, Cic. Div. 1, 37, 81: ista securitas specie quidem blanda sed reapse, etc., id. Lael. 13, 47: cujus rei species erat acceptio frumenti, Sall. J. 29, 4: fraudi imponere aliquam speciem juris, Liv. 9, 11: specie liberā … re verā, etc., id. 35, 31; cf.: litteras inanis vanā specie libertatis adumbratas esse, id. 33, 31, 2 Weissenb. ad loc.: plurimi ibi a fallaci equitum specie agasonibusque excepti sunt, id. 7, 15, 7: si dux primam speciem adpropinquantis terroris sustinuisset, id. 44, 6, 6 Weissenb. ad loc.: quae (nomina) primā specie admirationem, re explicatā risum movent, Cic. Fin. 4, 22, 61: quaedam humanitatis habent primam speciem ut misericordia, id. Tusc. 4, 14, 32: similitudinem quandam speciemque sapientium gerere, id. Off. 3, 4, 16: si speciem utilitatis voluptas habere dicetur, id. ib. 3, 33, 120.
          Hence,
        2. b. Esp. with gen. of that which is assumed or pretended, under pretext of, under pretence of, etc.
          1. (α) With abl.: fortis viros specie quādam virtutis adsimulatae tenebat, Cic. Cael. 6, 14.
          2. (β) With sub: sub specie tutelae liberūm ejus invasisse regnum, Curt. 9, 2, 7; 10, 6, 21; Liv. 44, 24, 4.
          3. (γ) With per: per speciem celebrandarum cantu epularum, Liv. 9, 30, 8: per speciem auxilii Byzantiis ferendi, re ipsā, etc., id. 39, 35, 4; 40, 13, 8; 42, 52, 8.
          4. (δ) With in: si quis in speciem refectionis (viae) deteriorem viam facit, Dig. 43, 11, 1, § 2.
            Adverb.: in speciem, for a show, as a pretence: haud dubio in speciem consensu fit ad Poenos deditio, Liv. 24, 1, 8: dilatā in speciem actione, re ipsā sublatā, id. 3, 9, 13; so, ad speciem tabernaculis relictis, Caes. B. C. 2, 35 fin.; id. B. G. 1, 51; Quint. Cic. Pet. Cons. 5, 18 al.
      2. 2. Also with gen.: in speciem, after the manner, in the fashion, like (cf. tamquam; poet.): inque chori ludunt speciem, Ov. M. 3, 685: in montis speciem curvari, id. ib. 15, 509; cf.: scorpiones vermiculos ovorum specie pariunt, Plin. 11, 25, 30, § 86.
      3. 3. Pregn., like the Engl. show, for ornament, display, splendor, beauty (cf.: dignitas, venustas): ut in usum boni sint et in speciem populo, Plaut. Most. 1, 2, 42: fuit pompa, fuit species, fuit incessus saltem Seplasiā dignus et Capuā, Cic. Pis. 11, 24: adhibere quandam in dicendo speciem atque pompam, id. de Or. 2, 72, 294: speciem candoremque caeli, id. Tusc. 1, 28, 68; cf. id. N. D. 2, 37; 2, 39: specie et motu capere homines, id. Brut. 62, 224: triumpho praebere speciem, Liv. 34, 52, 10: addere speciem, id. 37, 40; 9, 40: si fortunatum species et gratia praestat, Hor. Ep. 1, 6, 49; cf. id. ib. 2, 2, 203: ducit te species, id. S. 2, 2, 35: speciem Saturnia vaccae probat, Ov. M. 1, 612: juvenis, Juv. 10, 310: corporis, Curt. 7, 9, 19; Vitr. 3, 2.
    3. C. Transf.
      1. 1. Concr. (for simulacrum, i. q. εἴδωγον).
        1. a. An appearance in sleep, a vision, apparition (mostly poet.), Lucr. 1, 125: repetit quietis Ipsa suae speciem, Ov. M. 9, 473: voce suā specieque viri turbata soporem Excutit, id. ib. 11, 677: in quiete utrique consuli eadem dicitur visa species viri, etc., Liv. 8, 6: per nocturnas species, id. 26, 19; cf.: mirabundi velut ad somni vanam speciem, id. 33, 32, 7; Sil. 13, 394; Curt. 3, 6, 7.
        2. b. A likeness, image, statue: tum species ex aere vetus concidit … Et divum simulacra peremit fulminis ardor … Sancta Jovis species … Haec tardata diu species tandem celsā in sede locata, Cic. poët. Div. 1, 12, 21.
      2. 2. Reputation, honor: o speciem dignitatemque populi Romani, quam reges pertimescant, Cic. Dom. 33, 89.
      3. 3. The particular thing among many to which the looks are turned; hence, a particular sort, kind, or quality, a species: species pars est generis, App. Asclep. p. 78, 26: harum singula genera minimum in binas species dividi possunt, etc., Varr. R. R. 3, 3, 3; cf.: genus est id, quod sui similes communione quādam, specie autem differentes, duas aut plures complectitur partes, Cic. de Or. 1, 42, 189: primum illud genus quaerimus, ex quo ceterae species suspensae sunt … Homo species est, ut Aristoteles ait, canis species: commune his vinculum animal, Sen. Ep. 58, 7; Varr. R. R. 1, 9, 4; id. L. L. 10, § 18; Cic. Inv. 1, 27, 40; id. Or. 10, 33; id. Top. 18, 68; Quint. 3, 6, 26; 3, 10, 2; 5, 10, 90 al.: codicillis multas species vestis, argenti specialiter reliquit, many kinds or sorts, Dig. 34, 2, 19; cf. ib. 41, 1, 7.
        1. b. In later jurid. lang., a special case: proponitur apud eum species talis: Sutor puero discenti cervicem percussit, etc., Dig. 9, 2, 5 fin.; 31, 1, 85.
        2. c. In late Lat., goods, wares (that are classed together; cf. assortment); publicae, Cod. Just. 1, 2, 10: annonariae, ib. 11, 73, 3: vendenda sit species, i. e. wine, Pall. Oct. 14, 3.
          Esp., spices, drugs, etc., Macr. S. 7, 8 med.; Dig. 39, 4, 16, § 7; Pall. Oct. 14 fin.

* spĕcillātus, a, um, adj. [specillum, dim. of speculum], furnished with little mirrors: patina argentea, Vop. Prob. 4, § 5.

spĕcillum, i, n. [specio], a surgical instrument for examining diseased parts of the body, a probe, Cic. N. D. 3, 22, 57; Cels. 5, 28, 12; 7, 8; 6, 9 med.; Plin. 7, 53, 54, § 183; 32, 7, 24, § 75.

spĕcĭmen, ĭnis, n. [specio], that by which a thing is seen, known, or recognized.

  1. I. Lit., a mark, token, proof, example, indication, evidence, sign (class.; used only in sing.; cf.: exemplum, exemplar): nunc specimen specitur, nunc certamen cernitur, Plaut. Cas. 3, 1, 2; cf. id. Bacch. 3, 2, 15: tum Specimen cernitur, quo eveniat aedificatio, id. Most. 1, 2, 52: hoc specimen verum esse videtur, Quam celeri motu rerum simulacra ferantur, Lucr. 4, 209: ingenii specimen est quoddam transilire ante pedes posita, Cic. de Or. 3, 40, 160: ingenii, ingenui hominis, id. Fragm. Pis. 1, 2: popularis judicii, id. Brut. 50, 188: eximium consilii specimen, Liv. 8, 7, 18: anticum specimen animorum, id. 38, 17, 20: securitatis, Plin. 7, 55, 56, § 196: Solis avi, Verg. A. 12, 164: tellus Tale dabit specimen, id. G. 2, 241: matris Horae, Val. Fl. 6, 57: specimen dare alicui in aliquā re, to furnish proof, Cic. Div. in Caecil. 8, 27; cf.: Romanae fidei specimen gentibus dare, Liv. 38, 58, 6; 25, 36, 16: virtutis, id. 5, 26, 10 Weissenb. ad loc.: ad specimen virtutis ostendendum, id. 28, 21, 3.
  2. II. Transf., a pattern, model, example, ideal (so a favorite word with Cic.): specimen sationis et insitionis origo Ipsa fuit Natura, Lucr. 5, 1361; cf. id. 5, 186: specimen humanitatis, salis, suavitatis, leporis, Cic. Tusc. 5, 19, 55: temperantiae prudentiaeque specimen est Q. Scaevola, id. N. D. 3, 32, 80: innocentiae, id. Pis. 39, 95: is ordo ceteris specimen esto, id. Leg. 3, 3, 10: num dubitas, quin specimen naturae capi deceat ex optumā quāque naturā? id. Tusc. 1, 14, 32: unicum antiquitatis specimen, Tac. A. 3, 4.
    1. B. An ornament, honor: antiquum imperii, Sen. Thyest. 223: egregium, id. Phoen. 80: summum, Amm. 23, 6, 23: tibi specimen gloriosum arrogaris, App. M. 1, p. 112 fin.

spĕcĭo (spĭcĭo, v. infra), spexi, 3, v. a. [Sanscr. spac-, see; Gr. σκέπ-τομαι, σκοπός; Lat.: specto, speculum, etc.], to look, look at, behold (ante-class.): quod nos cum praepositione dicimus aspicio apud veteres sine praepositione spicio dicebatur, Fest. s. v. auspicium, p. 2 Müll.: spectare dictum ab specio antiquo, quo etiam Ennius usus: vos epulo postquam spexit, et quod in auspiciis distributum est, qui habent spectionem, qui non habeant; et quod in auguriis etiam nunc augures dicunt avem specere … Speculum, quod in eo specimus imaginem, etc., Varr. L. L. 6, § 82 Müll. (Vahl. has restored the verse of Ennius, Ann. 402, in this way: quos ubi rex populos spexit de cantibus celsis; cf. infra, Fest. p. 330 Müll.); cf.: posteaquam avim de templo Anchisa spexit, Naev. B. Pun. 1, 10: spicit quoque sine praepositione dixerunt antiqui. Plautus (Mil. 3, 1, 100): flagitium est, si nihil mittetur, quo supercilio spicit. Et spexit, Ennius, l. VI.: quos ubi rex … spexit de montibu’ celsis, Fest. p. 330 Müll.; cf. Cato ib. s. v. spiciunt, p. 344: nunc specimen specitur, nunc certamen cernitur, Plaut. Cas. 3, 1, 2; id. Bacch. 3, 2, 15: nisi mihi credis, spece, id. Truc. 5, 8.

spĕcĭōsē, adv., v. speciosus fin.

spĕcĭōsĭtas, ātis, f. [speciosus], good looks, beauty (eccl. Lat.): naturalis, Tert. Cult. Fem. 2 fin.; Ambros. de Isaac, 7, § 60 al.; Vulg. 1 Macc. 1, 27.

spĕcĭōsus, a, um, adj. [species] (acc. to species, II. B. 3.), good-looking, showy, handsome, beautiful, splendid, brilliant (not freq. till after the Aug. period; syn.: venustus, pulcher, formosus, spectabilis).

  1. A. Lit. (not so in Cic.): hunc speciosum pelle decorā, Hor. Ep. 1, 16, 45: femina, Quint. 5, 10, 47: puer, Petr. 41, 6: corpora, Quint. 11, 3, 26: nec id speciosum fieri putabo, id. 5, 12, 19: in certaminibus speciosa atque robusta, id. 11, 3, 26: ministerium, Vell. 2, 111, 3: familia, id. 2, 59, 2.
    Comp.: familiam nemo speciosiorem producit, Sen. Ep. 87, 6: si plenior aliquis et speciosior et coloratior factus est, Cels. 2, 2.
    Sup.: homo (Alcibiades), Quint. 8, 4, 23: corpus, id. 2, 15, 9: filia, Petr. 140, 2.
  2. B. Trop.: reversionis has speciosas causas habes, well-sounding, plausible, specious, Cic. Att. 16, 7, 6; cf.: specioso titulo uti vos, Romani, Graecarum civitatium liberandarum video, Liv. 35, 16: dictu speciosa, id. 1, 23: gerentis bellum Romanos speciosum Graeciae liberandae tulisse titulum, id. 42, 52, 15; 36, 17, 13; cf. Quint. 8, 6, 8: magis necessarium quam speciosum, ministerium, Liv. 4, 8, 6: dicere aliquod speciosum, Quint. 1, 5, 3: speciosum dicendi genus, id. 10, 1, 127: vocabula rerum, Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 116: miracula, id. A. P. 144: speciosa locis morataque recte Fabula, id. ib. 319: speciosa nomina culpae Imponis, Ov. M. 7, 69: specioso eripe damno, from this splendid misery, id. ib. 11, 133.
    Comp.: cum speciosius quid dicendum est, Quint. 11, 3, 84: speciosior rhetorice quam dialectice, id. 2, 20, 7: speciosiore stili genere, id. 7, 1, 54: gestarum rerum ordinem sequi speciosius fuit, id. 3, 7, 15.
    Sup.: longe speciosissimum genus orationis, Quint. 8, 6, 49.
    Adv.: spĕcĭōsē, showily, handsomely, splendidly.
    1. 1. Lit.: vehi, i. e. in a painted or ornamented vessel, Plin. 35, 7, 31, § 49.
      Comp.: speciosius instratus equus quam uxor vestita, Liv. 34, 7: tractet arma, Hor. Ep. 1, 18, 52: quo speciosius ingrediantur sublimes, Col. 2, 2, 22.
      Sup.: contorta hasta (with optime emissa), Quint. 9, 4, 8.
    2. 2. Trop.: dictum, Quint. 9, 4, 14: translatum, id. 2, 5, 9.
      Sup.: usus est, Quint. 8, 6, 18.

spectābĭlis, e, adj. [specto].

  1. I. In gen., that may be seen, visible: corpus caeli, Cic. Univ. 8 (al. aspectabile); so, corpus, Ov. Tr. 3, 8, 35: purus ab arboribus, spectabilis undique campus, i. e. open, id. M. 3, 709.
  2. II. Pregn., that is worth seeing, notable, admirable, remarkable (only poet. and in post-Aug. prose): Niobe Vestibus intexto Phrygiis spectabilis auro, Ov. M. 6, 166: quod sit roseo spectabilis ore, id. ib. 7, 705: heros, id. ib. 7, 496: mons topiario naturae opere, Plin. 4, 8, 15, § 29: flumen portu, id. 5, 1, 1, § 13: texenda spectabili subtilitate, id. 16, 37, 68, § 174: pulchra et spectabilis victoria, Tac. Agr. 34 fin.: mater spectabile tela duxit opus, Val. Fl. 1, 429.
    1. B. Under the emperors: Spectabilis, a title of high officers: apud virum Spectabilem proconsulem, Cod. Just. 2, 7, 11 fin.: judices, ib. 7, 62, 32: praefectus vigilum, Dig. 1, 15, 3.

spectābĭlĭtas, ātis, f. [spectabilis, II. B.], the office or dignity of a Spectabilis (late Lat.), Cod. Just. 9, 27, 5; 12, 26, 1 al.

spectācŭlum (contr. spectāclum, Prop. 4 (5), 8, 21 and 56), i, n. [specto], a show, sight, spectacle (class.).

  1. I. In gen.: lepidum spectaculum, Plaut. Poen. 1, 1, 81: superarum rerum atque caelestium, Cic. N. D. 2, 56, 140: bis terque mutatae dapis, Hor. Epod. 5, 34: potius quam hoc spectaculum viderem, Cic. Mil. 38, 103: capere oblatae spectacula praedae, Ov. M. 3, 246; cf. id. ib. 7, 780: scorti procacis, Liv. 39, 43: Euripi, id. 45, 27: non hoc ista sibi tempus spectacula poscit, Verg. A. 6, 37: spectaclum ipsa sedens, i. e. exposed to public view, in the sight of all, Prop. 4 (5), 8, 21: neque hoc parentes Effugerit spectaculum, Hor. Epod. 5, 102.
    Esp. in the phrases: spectaculum (alicui) praebere, spectaculum (spectaculo) esse alicui: circuitus solis et lunae spectaculum hominibus praebent, Cic. N. D. 2, 62, 155; so, praebere, Liv. 45, 28: praebent spectacula capti, Ov. A. A. 2, 581: o spectaculum illud hominibus luctuosum, cedere e patriā servatorem ejus, manere in patriā perditores! Cic. Phil. 10, 4, 8; cf. id. Corn. 1, § 19: homini non amico nostra incommoda spectaculo esse nolim, id. Att. 10, 2, 2: insequitur acies ornata armataque, ut hostium quoque magnificum spectaculum esset, Liv. 10, 40 fin.
  2. II. In partic.
    1. A. Lit., in the theatre, circus, etc., a public sight or show, a stageplay, spectacle (cf.: munus, ludi, fabula): spectacula sunt tributim data, Cic. Mur. 34, 72: apparatissimum, id. Phil. 1, 15, 36: gladiatorium, Liv. 39, 42: gladiatorum, id. 28, 21 fin.; Plin. 2, 26, 25, § 96: circi, Liv. 7, 2: scenae, Ov. A. A. 3, 351: ludorum, Suet. Aug. 14: athletarum, id. ib. 44; id. Ner. 12: naumachiae, id. Caes. 44: nondum commisso spectaculo, Liv. 2, 36, 1: interesse spectaculo, id. 2, 38, 4: inter matutina harenae spectacula, Sen. Ira, 3, 43, 2: meridianum, id. Ep. 7, 3.
    2. B. Transf., the place whence plays are witnessed, the seats of the spectators, seats, places in the theatre, the amphitheatre: spectacula ruunt, Plaut. Curc. 5, 2, 47: ex omnibus spectaculis plausus est excitatus, Cic. Sest. 58, 124: resonant spectacula plausu, Ov. M. 10, 668: loca divisa patribus equitibusque, ubi spectacula sibi quisque facerent, Liv. 1, 35, 8: spectaculorum gradus, Tac. A. 14, 13: spectaculis detractus et in harenam deductus, Suet. Calig. 35; id. Dom. 10.
      1. 2. In gen., the theatre: ingressum spectacula, Suet. Calig. 35: in caelum trabibus spectacula textis surgere, Calp. Ecl. 7, 23.
      2. 3. The spectators: spectacula tantum este, viri, Sil. 2, 230: virtutis, id. 8, 556.
    3. C. A wonder, miracle: spectacula septem, the seven wonders of the world: in septem spectaculis nominari, Vitr. 2, 8, 11: numerari inter septem omnium terrarum spectacula, Gell. 10, 18, 4.

spectāmen, ĭnis, n. [specto].

  1. * I. = specimen, a mark, sign, proof: spectamen bono servo id est, Ut absente ero rem sui eri diligenter Tutetur, Plaut. Men. 5, 6, 1.
  2. II. = spectaculum, a sight, scene, spectacle (Appuleian): miserum funestumque spectamen aspexi, App. M. 4, p. 151, 35: novum et memorandum, id. ib. 7, p. 193, 23.

‡ spectāmenta sunt quae spectantur, Front. Diff. Voc. p. 2203 P.

spectātē, adv., v. specto fin.

spectātĭo, ōnis, f. [specto], a looking, beholding, contemplation of a thing, a sight, view (rare but class.).

  1. I. Lit.
    1. A. In gen., absol.: homo ad artificem suum (deum) spectat: quam spectationem Trismegistus θεωρίαν rectissime nominavit, Lact. 7, 9 med.: apparatūs spectatio, Cic. Fam. 7, 1, 2: animum levare spectatione, id. Att. 13, 44, 2.
      Plur.: quae scenicis moribus ad spectationes populo comparantur, Vitr. 10 praef.
    2. * B. In partic., an examining, proving, testing of money: pecuniae, Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 78, § 181.
  2. * II. Trop., respect, regard, consideration: Macedonicum bellum nomine amplius quam spectatione gentis fuit, Flor. 2, 7, 3.

spectātīvus, a, um, adj. [specto], contemplative, speculative: thesin a causā sic distinguunt, ut illa sit spectativae partis, haec activae, Quint. 3, 5, 11: opp. actualis, Isid. 2, 24, 9.

spectātor, ōris, m. [specto], a looker-on, beholder, observer, spectator (class.).

  1. I. In gen.: sunt homines quasi spectatores superarum rerum atque caelestium, Cic. N. D. 2, 56, 140: unicus caeli siderumque (Ar chimedes), Liv. 24, 34, 2: testis et spectator, Cic. de Or. 1, 24, 112: spectator laudum tuarum, id. Fam. 2, 7, 2: Leuctricae calamitatis, id. Off. 2, 7, 26: certaminis, Liv. 1, 28; Quint. 10, 5, 19; Mart. 10, 51, 9.
  2. II. In partic.
    1. A. A spectator in a theatre, at games, etc.: nunc, spectatores, clare plaudite, Plaut. Am. 5, 3, 3; so id. ib. prol. 66; id. Cas. grex 1; id. Cist. 4, 2, 9; id. Ps. 2, 4, 30; id. Stich. 5, 3, 1; Cic. Har. Resp. 11, 22.
    2. B. An examiner, judge, critic: spectator probator, ut pecuniae spectatores dicuntur, Don. Ter. Eun. 3, 5, 18 (cf. specto, I. B. 3., and spectatio, I. B.): elegans formarum spectator, critic, connoisseur, Ter. Eun. 3, 5, 18: proprii ponderis, Claud. Laud. Stil. 1, 147: acrior virtutis, Liv. 42, 34, 7.

spectātrix, īcis, f. [spectator].

  1. I. She that looks at or observes a thing, Plaut. Merc. 3, 4, 12; 5, 2, 1; Sen. Cons. ad Marc. 18 med.; Ov. Am. 2, 12, 26: scelerum, Luc. 3, 129.
  2. II. She that judges or tries: incorrupta praeteritorum (posteritas), Amm. 30, 8, 1: humanorum, id. 22, 3, 12: spectatrix dijudicatrixque omnium rerum, App. Dogm. Plat. 2, p. 15, 23.

spectātus, a, um, Part. and P. a. of specto.

spectĭle, v. spetile.

spectĭo, ōnis, f. [specio], in the lang. of augurs, an observing of the auspices; hence, also, the right of observing them (which belonged to the magistrates), Varr. L. L. 6, § 82 Müll.; Cic. Phil. 2, 32, 81; Fest. s. h. v. p. 333.

specto, āvi, ātum, 1, v. freq. a. [specio], to look at, behold; to gaze at, watch, observe, etc. (freq. and class.; syn.: adspicio, speculor, conspicor, contueor).

  1. I. Lit.
    1. A. In gen.
          1. (α) With acc.: speculum a speciendo, quod ibi se spectant, Varr. L. L. 5, § 129 Müll.; cf. id. ib. 6, § 82 ib.: si vis videre ludos jucundissimos … amores tuos si vis spectare, Plaut. Poen. 1, 1, 81: spectare aliquid et visere, Cic. Tusc. 1, 19, 44: taceas, me spectes, Plaut. As. 3, 3, 90: quid illas spectas? id. Rud. 3, 4, 54; id. Am. 1, 1, 268: ere, ne me spectes, Ter. Eun. 5, 5, 18: corpora, Lucr. 4, 1102: ingentes acervos, Hor. C. 2, 2, 24: gaude quod spectant oculi te mille loquentem, id. Ep. 1, 6, 19: cum modo me spectas oculis protervis, Ov. H. 16 (17), 77: spectari tergo, id. A. A. 3, 774: Zoroaster primus siderum motus diligentissime spectasse dicitur, Just. 1, 1, 9.
          2. (β) With rel.clause: tacitus te sequor, Spectans quas tu res hoc ornatu geras, Plaut. Bacch. 1, 2, 2: specta quam arcte dormiunt, id. Most. 3, 2, 144; cf.: saepe tui, specto, si sint in litore passus, Ov. H. 18 (19), 27.
          3. (γ) Absol.: vise, specta tuo arbitratu, Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 106: Am. Sosia, age me huc aspice. So. Specto, id. Am. 2, 2, 119: quam magis specto, minus placet mihi hominis facies, id. Trin. 4, 2, 19: alte spectare, Cic. Rep. 6, 23, 25: populo spectante, Hor. Ep. 1, 6, 60.
          4. (δ) With ad, in, per, or adv. of place: spectare ad carceris oras, Enn. Ann. 1, 102: quaeso huc ad me specta, Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 149; so, ad me, Afran. ap. Isid. Orig. 12, 8, 16: ad dexteram, Plaut. Poen. 3, 4, 1: tota domus, quae spectat in nos solos, Cic. Off. 1, 17, 58: ego limis specto Sic per flabellum clanculum, Ter. Eun. 3, 5, 53: quoquo hic spectabit, eo tu spectato simul, Plaut. Ps. 3, 2, 69.
            (ε) Impers. pass. with subj. or final clause: cum plausu congregari feros (pisces) ad cibum assuetudine, in quibusdam vivariis spectetur, Plin. 10, 70, 89, § 193: spectandum ne quoi anulum det, Plaut. As. 4, 1, 33.
            (ζ) With inf.: spectet currere Gangem, Sen. Herc. Oet. 629: minaces ire per caelum faces specta, id. ib. 325.
    2. B. In partic.
      1. 1. To look at or see (a play or an actor) as a spectator, to look on: fabulam, Plaut. Bacch. 2, 2, 37: Megalesia, Cic. Har. Resp. 11, 22; Hor. A. P. 190: ludos, id. S. 2, 6, 48; 2, 8, 79; id. Ep. 2, 1, 203; Suet. Aug. 40; 53 al.: Circenses, id. ib. 45; id. Claud. 4: pugiles, id. Aug. 45: artifices saltationis, id. Tit. 7 al.
        With inf.: spectavi ego pridem Comicos ad istum modum Sapienter dicta dicere atque is plaudier, Plaut. Rud. 4, 7, 23: matronae tacitae spectent, tacitae rideant, id. Poen. prol. 32: jam hic deludetur (Amphitruo), spectatores, vobis spectantibus, id. Am. 3, 4, 15; cf. id. ib. prol. 151.
        Hence, very often in inscrr. and tesseris: GLADIATORIIS SP., i. e. spectatus, of a gladiator who had stood the first public fight, Inscr. Orell. 2561 sq.; cf.: Morcelli delle tessere degli spettacoli Roma, Becker, Antiq. 4, p. 562.
      2. 2. Of localities, to look, face, lie, be situated towards any quarter (syn.: prospicio, vergo); constr. usu. with ad, in, inter, etc., or an adv. of place; less freq. with acc.: (hujus insulae) alter angulus ad orientem solem, inferior ad meridiem spectat, Caes. B. G. 5, 13; so, ad orientem solem, id. ib. 7, 69: ad fretum, Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 66, § 169: ager, qui in ventum Favonium spectet, Varr. R. R. 1, 24, 1: in urbem … in Etruriam, Liv. 5, 5; v. also infra: Aquitania spectat inter occasum solis et septentriones, is situated to the north-west, Caes. B. G. 1, 1 fin.: quare fit, ut introversus et ad te Spectent atque ferant vestigia se omnia prorsus, Lucil. ap. Non. 402, 7; cf.: ut ora eorum deorsum spectent, Col. 12, 16, 4: vestigia Omnia te adversum spectantia, nulla retrorsum, Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 75: quo (villae) spectent porticibus, Varr. R. R. 1, 4, 4: Creta altior est, quā spectat orientem, Sall. ap. Serv. Verg. A. 6, 23 (H. 3, 58 Dietsch): Acarnania solem occidentem et mare Siculum spectat, Liv. 33, 17, 5: mediterranea regio est, orientem spectat, id. 25, 9, 10; 30, 25, 11: quae et Tanaim et Bactra spectant, Curt. 7, 7, 4; Plin. Ep. 5, 6, 15; Vell. 1, 11, 3: ab eo latere, quo (Gadis) Hispaniam spectat, Plin. 4, 21, 36, § 120; 6, 17, 20, § 53.
        Transf., of nations: Belgae spectant in septentriones et orientem solem, Caes. B. G. 1, 1, 6: Masaesyli in regionem Hispaniae spectant, Liv. 28, 17.
      3. 3. To examine, try, test: (argentum) dare spectandum, Plaut. Pers. 3, 3, 35: ut fulvum spectatur in ignibus aurum, Tempore sic duro est inspicienda fides, Ov. Tr. 1, 5, 25; cf.: qui pecuniā non movetur … hunc igni spectatum arbitrantur, as having stood the test of fire, Cic. Off. 2, 11, 38; cf. spectatio, I. B., and spectator, I. B.
  2. II. Trop.
    1. A. In gen., to look at, behold, see, regard, consider (very rare): specta rem modo! Plaut. Bacch. 4, 6, 14: audaciam meretricum specta, Ter. Eun. 5, 5, 24: importunitatem spectate aniculae, id. And. 1, 4, 4: suave, E terrā magnum alterius spectare laborem, Lucr. 2, 2: caeli signorum admirabilem ordinem spectat, Cic. Fragm. ap. Non. 402, 17: ad te unum omnis mea spectat oratio, Cic. Deiot. 2, 5.
    2. B. In partic.
      1. 1. To look to a thing, as to an end or guide of action; hence, to have in view, bear in mind; to aim, strive, or endeavor after; to meditate; to tend, incline, refer, pertain, or have regard to a thing (freq. and class.; syn.: contendo, pertineo, tendo): juvenes magna spectare et ad ea rectis studiis debent contendere, Cic. Off. 2, 13, 45: nec commune bonum poterant spectare, Lucr. 5, 958: rem, non hominem, spectari oportere, Auct. Her. 1, 6, 9: nihil spectat nisi fugam, Cic. Att. 8, 7, 1: Pompeius statuisse videtur, quid vos in judicando spectare oporteret, id. Mil. 6, 15: nos ea, quae sunt in usu vitāque communi, non ea quae finguntur aut optantur spectare debemus, id. Lael. 5, 18: ingenti consensu defectionem omnes spectare, Liv. 22, 22, 21: arma et bellum, id. 3, 69, 2: Romani, desperatā ope humanā, fata et deos spectabant, id. 5, 16, 8; Curt. 9, 7, 2; Just. 13, 1, 8: tota domus quae spectat in nos solos, relies on, Cic. Off. 1, 17, 58: in philosophiā res spectatur, non verba penduntur, id. Or. 16, 51: mores, id. Off. 2, 20, 69; so (with sequi) id. de Or. 2, 50, 204: quem locum probandae virtutis tuae spectas? do you seek? Caes. B. G. 5, 44: noli spectare, quanti homo sit, Cic. Q. Fr. 1, 2, 4, § 14: me spectasse semper, ut tibi possem quam maxime esse conjunctus, id. Fam. 5, 8, 3: ad imperatorias laudes, id. Vatin. 10, 24: ad suam magis gloriam quam ad salutem rei publicae, id. Sest. 16, 37: ad vitulam, Verg. E. 3, 48: cum plebes Nolana de integro ad defectionem spectaret, Liv. 23, 16, 2; so id. 23, 6, 4: ab scelere ad aliud spectare mulier scelus, id. 1, 47, 1; 34, 56, 10.
        Of subjects not personal: et prima et media verba spectare debent ad ultimum, Cic. Or. 59, 200: ad arma rem spectare, id. Fam. 14, 5, 1; cf.: rem ad seditionem spectare, Liv. 25, 3, 19: ad vim spectare res coepit, id. 1, 9, 6; cf.: si ad perniciem patriae res spectabit, Cic. Off. 2, 23, 90: aliquid anquirunt, quod spectet et valeat ad bene beateque vivendum, id. ib. 2, 2, 6: ea non tam ad religionem spectant, quam ad jus sepulcrorum, belong to, concern, id. Leg. 2, 23, 58: quoniam de eo genere beneficiorum dictum est, quae ad singulos spectant: deinceps de iis, quae ad universos pertinent, disputandum est, id. Off. 2, 21, 72; cf. id. ib. 1, 3, 7: artem negabat esse ullam, nisi quae cognitis et in unum exitum spectantibus, Cic. de Or. 1, 20, 92: nostra consilia sempiternum tempus spectare debent, id. ib. 2, 40, 169: solvendi necessitas debitorem spectat, Dig. 2, 14, 42: res eo spectat, ut eā poenā non videamini esse contenti, Cic. Lig. 5, 13: hoc eo spectabat, ut eam (Pythiam) a Philippo corruptam diceret, id. de Div. 2, 57, 118: summa judicii mei spectat huc, ut meorum injurias ferre possim, Anton. ap. Cic. Phil. 13, 20, 46: quo igitur haec spectat oratio? Cic. Att. 8, 2, 4; cf. id. Phil. 13, 20, 46: quorsum haec omnis spectat oratio? id. ib. 7, 9, 26 et saep.: quia quicquid ad corpus spectat, et immortalitatis est expers, vanum sit, Lact. 3, 12, 33.
      2. 2. (Acc. to I. B. 3.) To judge of; to try, test (syn. probo): nemo illum ex trunco corporis spectabat, sed ex artificio comico aestimabat, Cic. Rosc. Com. 10, 28: alicujus animum ex animo suo, Ter. And. 4, 1, 22: non igitur ex singulis vocibus philosophi spectandi sunt, sed ex perpetuitate atque constantiā, Cic. Tusc. 5, 10, 31: ex meo otium tuum specto, id. Att. 12, 39: quod ego non tam fastidiose in nobis quam in histrionibus spectari puto, id. de Or. 1, 61, 258: ubi facillime spectatur mulier, quae ingenio’st bono? Plaut. Stich. 1, 2, 59; cf.: hominem in dubiis periclis, Lucr. 3, 55: beneficium a deteriore parte, Sen. Ben. 2, 28, 2.
        Hence, spectātus, a, um, P. a. (acc. to II. B. 2.).
    1. A. Tried, tested, proved (syn.: probatus, cognitus): tuam probatam et spectatam maxime adulescentiam, Lucil. ap. Non. 437, 14: homines spectati et probati, Cic. de Or. 1, 27, 124: fides spectata et diu cognita, id. Div. in Caecil. 4, 11; Ov. P. 2, 7, 82: pietas spectata per ignes, id. F. 4, 37: integritas, Liv. 26, 49, 16; cf.: homo in rebus judicandis spectatus et cognitus, Cic. Verr. 1, 10, 29: spectata ac nobilitata virtus, id. Fl. 26, 63: spectata multis magnisque rebus singularis integritas, id. Phil. 3, 10, 26: rebus spectata juventus, Verg. A. 8, 151: utebatur medico ignobili, sed spectato homine, Cleophanto, id. Clu. 16, 47: mores, Plaut. Pers. 2, 1, 4: ni virtus fidesque vestra spectata mihi forent, Sall. C. 20, 2.
      Sup.: id cuique spectatissimum sit, quod occurrerit, etc., let that be the best test of each, Liv. 1, 57, 7.
      With subject-clause: mihi satis spectatum est, Pompeium malle principem volentibus vobis esse quam, etc., Sall. H. 3, 61, 23 Dietsch.
    2. B. In gen., looked up to, respected, esteemed, worthy, excellent: fecere tale ante alii spectati viri, Plaut. Merc. 2, 2, 47: in perfecto et spectato viro, Cic. Lael. 2, 9: homines, id. Div. in Caecil. 7, 24: castitas, Liv. 1, 57, 10.
      Comp.: quo non spectatior alter, Sil. 1, 440.
      Sup.: auctoritas clarissimi et spectatissimi viri atque in primis probati, Cic. Fam. 5, 12, 7: spectatissima femina, id. Rosc. Am. 50, 147.
      Of things (Plinian): paeninsula spectatior (with flumen clarum), Plin. 4, 18, 32, § 107: spectatius artificium, id. 11, 1, 1, § 1: spectatissima laurus, id. 15, 30, 40, § 134.
      Hence, adv.: spectātē, splendidly, excellently: spectatissime florere, Plin. 21, 1, 1, § 2: spectatissime ministrere, Amm. 28, 3, 9.

spectrum, i, n. [specio], an appearance, form, image of a thing; an apparition, spectre, the Gr. εἴδωλον (much less freq. than simulacrum and species): spectra Catiana … nam quae Democritus εἴδωλα, Catius Insuber Epicureus spectra nominat, Cic. Fam. 15, 16, 1 sq.: spectra Catiana, Cass. ap. Cic. Fam. 15, 19, 1.

* spectus, ūs, m. [specio], look, appearance, aspect: spectu sine praepositione Pacuvius in Duloreste usus est, cum ait: spectu protervo ferox, Fest. s. h. v. p. 330 Müll.; Pac. Fragm. Trag. v. 147 Rib.

1. spĕcŭla, ae, f. [specio].

  1. I. A high place from which to look out, a look-out, watch-tower: specula, de quo prospicimus, Varr. L. L. 6, § 82 Müll.: praedonum adventum significabat ignis e speculā sublatus, Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 35, § 93: dat signum speculā ab altā, Verg. A. 3, 239; Luc. 6, 279: tamquam ex aliquā speculā prospexi tempestatem futuram, Cic. Fam. 4, 3, 1; id. Phil. 7, 7, 19; Col. 7, 3 fin. al.
    Plur., Liv. 29, 23’ specularum significationem Sinon invenit, Plin. 7, 56, 57, § 202; Stat. Th. 6, 547; App. de Mundo, p. 69, 40.
    1. * B. Trop., a watchtower: stetit Caesar in illā amicitiae speculā, Plin. Pan. 86, 4.
  2. II. In gen.
    1. A. In speculis esse, to be on the watch or lookout: nunc homines in speculis sunt, observant, quemadmodum sese unusquisque vestrum gerat, Cic. Verr. 1, 16, 46; cf. id. Deiot. 8, 22: in speculis omnis Abydos erat, Ov. H. (17), 18, 12: in speculis atque insidiis relicti, Cic. Mur. 37, 79: diem unum in speculis fuit, Liv. 34, 26: gentis paratas pendere in speculis, Claud. B. Get. 569.
    2. B. Poet., like σκοπιά, a high place, height, eminence: in speculis summoque in vertice montis Planities ignota jacet, Verg. A. 11, 526; so of the summits of mountains, id. E. 8, 59; id. A. 10, 454; of the high walls of a city, id. ib. 11, 877; 4, 586.

2. spēcŭla, ae, f. dim. [spes; cf. recula, from res], a slight hope (rare but class.): estne quid in te speculae? Plaut. Pers. 2, 5, 9; id. Cas. 2, 4, 27: ulla nec specula est, id. Rud. 3, 3, 3; Cic. Clu. 26, 72: oblectabar speculā, id. Fam. 2, 16, 5: cassae speculae renuntias fortiter, App. M. 6, p. 175, 17: tenui speculā solabar clades ultimas, id. ib. 10, p. 253, 5.

* spĕcŭlābĭlis, e, adj. [speculor], that may be seen, visible: Sunion, Stat. Th. 12, 624.

spĕcŭlābundus, a, um, adj. [speculor], on the look-out, on the watch; watching for any thing (post-Aug.): Festus Hadrumeto, ubi speculabundus substiterat, etc., Tac. H. 4, 50: ab ostio speculabunda, Mart. Cap. 2, § 112.
With acc.: speculabundus ex altissimā rupe identidem signa, Suet. Tib. 65.

* spĕcŭlāmen, ĭnis, n. [speculor], a looking at, observing: glaucum, Prud. Apoth. 88.

spĕcŭlar, āris, v. specularis, II. fin.

spĕcŭlāris, e, adj. [speculum].

  1. I. In gen., of or belonging to a mirror, like a mirror (post-Aug.): speculari ratione, in the manner of a mirror, Sen. Q. N. 1, 5, 9.
  2. II. In partic.: specularis lapis, a kind of transparent stone, muscovy-glass, isinglass-stone, mica, Plin. 36, 22, 45, § 150 sqq.; 9, 35, 56, § 113; Petr. 68; Lact. Opif. Dei, 8 med.
    Hence, spĕcŭlārĭa, ōrum, n., window panes, a window, Sen. Ep. 90, 25; 86, 11; id. Prov. 4, 9; id. Q. N. 4, 13, 7; Plin. 19, 5, 23, § 64; Plin. Ep. 2, 17, 4 and 21; Mart. 8, 14; Juv. 4, 21; Col. 11, 3, 52; Pall. 1, 20, 1 al.
    In sing.: per corneum specular, Tert. Anim. 53 med.

spĕcŭlārĭus (contr. collat. form SPECLARIVS, Inscr. Orell. 4284), ii, m. [speculum], a mirror-maker, Dig. 50, 6, 6; Cod. Th. 13, 4, 2; Cod. Just. 10, 64, 1; Inscr. Orell. 6296.
Called also ‡ SPECVLARIARIVS (or contr. SPECLARIA), Inscr. Orell. 6351 sq.

spĕcŭlātĭo, ōnis, f. [speculor].

  1. I. A spying out, exploration, observation (late Lat.): speculationibus fidis doctus, Amm. 26, 10, 4; 27, 2, 4: turris speculationis, Greg. Mag. in Job, 31, 85.
  2. II. A contemplation, speculation, Boëth. Consol. Phil. 4, 1; 5, 2; Aus. Mos. 326.

spĕcŭlātīvus, a, um, adj. [speculor], speculative (late Lat.): philosophia, Boëth. ap. Porphyr. Dial. 1, p. 2.
Hence, subst.: spĕcŭlātīva, ae, f., = contemplativa (sc. philosophia), Cassiod. Var. 1, 45.

spĕcŭlātor (also written spĭcŭl-), ōris, m. [speculor], in milit. lang., a looker-out, spy, scout, explorer, éclaireur (syn. explorator).

  1. I. Lit.: speculator, quem mittimus ante, ut respiciat quae volumus, Varr. L. L. 6, § 82 Müll.: repentinus, Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 63, § 164; Caes. B. G. 2, 11; 5, 49 fin.; Cic. N. D. 2, 56, 140; Sall. J. 101, 1; 106, 2; Liv. 3, 40, 13; 22, 33, 1; 28, 2, 2 al.
    These scouts formed a special division in each legion, Auct. B. Hisp. 13; Tac. H. 1, 25; Inscr. Orell. 1222; 3518 al.
    Under the emperors they were employed as special adjutants, messengers, and body-guards of a general, Suet. Calig. 44; Tac. H. 2, 73; Suet. Aug. 74; id. Claud. 35; id. Galb. 18; id. Oth. 5; Tac. H. 1, 24 Lips.; 2, 11; 2, 33; Sen. Ira, 1, 16, 15; id. Ben. 3, 25; Vulg. Marc. 6, 27 (where the Greek has also σπεκουλάτωρ) al.
  2. II. Transf., in gen., a searcher, explorer, investigator, examiner: physicus, id est speculator venatorque naturae, Cic. N. D. 1, 30, 83; id. Div. in Caecil. 16, 51: ad has excipiendas voces speculator ex convivis Persei missus, Liv. 40, 7: Cleonis fuisse publice praepositos χαλαζοφύλακας, speculatores futurae grandinis, Sen. Q. N. 4, 6, 1: quo tu matutinus speculator amicae? Prop. 2, 29 (3, 27), 31: apes consumptis in proximo floribus speculatores ad pabula ulteriora mittunt, Plin. 11, 8, 8, § 19: Fabius cautā speculator mente futuri, Sil. 1, 679.

spĕcŭlātōrĭus, a, um, adj. [speculator], of or belonging to spies or scouts: navigia, spy-boats, vessels of observation, Caes. B. G. 4, 26; also called speculatoriae naves, Liv. 30, 10, 14; 35, 26, 9; 36, 42, 8; and caliga, worn by spies or scouts, Suet. Calig. 52.
Hence, subst.: spĕcŭlātōrĭa, ae, f.

  1. A. (Sc. navis.) A spy-boat, Liv. 22, 19, 5; 22, 36, 42.
  2. B. (Sc. caliga.) A boot worn by spies or scouts, Tert. Cor. Mil. 1.

spĕcŭlātrīx, īcis, f. [speculor], she that spies or watches, a (female) spy, watcher.

  1. I. Lit.: furiae deae sunt speculatrices, credo, et vindices facinorum et scelerum, * Cic. N. D. 3, 18, 46; Sen. Contr. 1, 6 med.: mens boni speculatrix consiliorum suorum est, Ambros. Ep. 67, 5; App. Doctr. Plat. 2, p. 16, 1: Caucasiis speculatrix Juno resedit rupibus, Val. Fl. 7, 190: SPECVLATRIX ET PROPVGNATRIX MEORVM PERICVLORVM, Inscr. Orell. 4859.
  2. II. Transf.: speculatrix villa profundi, i. e. that looks towards the sea, Stat. S. 2, 2, 3: aestuosi maris alto e tumulo speculatrix statua, Val. Max. 9, 8, ext. 1.

1. spĕcŭlātus, a, um, Part. of speculor.

* 2. spĕcŭlātus, a, um, adj. [speculum], furnished or adorned with mirrors: cubiculum, Gloss. ap. Suet. Vit. Hor.

spĕcŭlor, ātus, 1, v. dep. a. [1. specula], to spy out, watch, observe, examine, explore (class.; cf.: specto, conspicio): quo mox furatum veniat, speculatur loca, Plaut. Trin. 4, 2, 22: St. Quid hic speculare? Pa. Nihil equidem speculor, id. Cas. 4, 2, 12: omnia speculari et perscrutari ante, Cic. Tusc. 5, 20, 59: multorum te oculi et aures speculabuntur atque custodient, id. Cat. 1, 2, 6: Rostra, id. fl. 24, 57: jam vacuo laetam (avem) caelo speculatus, having caught sight of, descried, Verg. A. 5, 515: praemissus speculatum Bocchi consilia, Sall. J. 108, 1; so, consilia, Liv. 42, 17: dicta factaque alicujus, id. 42, 25, 8: abditos ejus sensus, id. 40, 21, 11: eventum Bellovacorum, to look for, i. e. await, Hirt. B. G. 8, 23: regni eventus, Just. 25, 3, 7: opportunitatem, to watch for, Tac. H. 3, 38; Vell. 2, 120, 4; cf.: noctem incustoditam, Tac. A. 2, 40: obitus et ortus signorum, Verg. G. 1, 257: aquas et nubila caeli (apes), id. ib. 4, 166: locum, id. A. 7, 477.
With interrog.-clause: nunc speculabor, quid ibi agatur, Plaut. Truc. 4, 1, 10: ut specularetur, quae in laevā parte suorum fortuna esset, Liv. 33, 10: huc hinc speculabor procul, Unde advenienti sarcinam imponam seni, Plaut. Most. 2, 1, 82.
Absol.: speculabor, ne quis hinc venator assit, Plaut. Mil. 3, 1, 13: quid ad se venirent? an speculandi causā? Caes. B. G. 1, 47 fin.: speculandi gratiā remissi, Hirt. B. G. 8, 7: imprudenter speculatus, Vell. 2, 118, 2: montis sublime cacumen Occupat, unde sedens partes speculetur in omnes, he can look around, Ov. M. 1, 667.

spĕcŭlum, i, n. [specio; hence, that in which one sees himself].

  1. I. Lit., a looking-glass, mirror (usually made of polished metal): speculum a speciendo, quod ibi se spectant, Varr. L. L. 5, § 129 Müll.; cf.: speculum, quod in eo specimus imaginem, id. ib. 6, § 82: homines sibi habere speculum, ubi os contemplarent suom, etc., Plaut. Ep. 3, 3, 2: quid opu’st speculo tibi, quae tute speculo speculum es maximum? id. Most. 1, 3, 94; cf. id. Men. 5, 9, 3: speculi imago, Lucr. 4, 279; cf. id. 4, 331: speculis apparent simulacra, id. 4, 98: speculorum levitas, Cic. Univ. 14: quotiens te in speculo videris alterum, Hor. C. 4, 10, 6: ut in speculo rugas aspexit aniles, Ov. M. 15, 232: se in speculo contemplari, App. Mag. p. 283, 4: cava specula, id. ib. p. 284, 2 et saep.
    On the material and use of mirrors, v. Plin. 33, 9, 45, § 128; 34, 17, 48, § 160; 37, 5, 16, § 64; 37, 7, 25, § 97; Stat. S. 3, 4, 94; Sen. Q. N. 1, 17.
    With tanquam, ut, etc.: inspicere, tamquam in speculum, in vitas omnium, Ter. Ad. 3, 3, 61; 3, 3, 74; Cic. Pis. 29, 71; id. Fin. 5, 22, 61; id. Rep. 2, 42, 69.
    1. B. Poet., transf., of the mirror-like smoothness of water: lympharum in speculo, Phaedr. 1, 4, 3.
  2. II. Trop., a mirror, copy, imitation (rare; more freq. connected with tamquam or ut, etc.; v. supra, I.): futuri temporis, Lucr. 3, 974; 4, 166: infantes et bestias putat specula esse naturae, Cic. Fin. 2, 10, 32; cf. corresp. with imago, Plaut. Men. 5, 9, 3: omne opus Vergilianum de quodam Homerici operis speculo formatum est, Macr. S. 5, 2 med.

spĕcus, ūs (abl. plur. specibus, Sen. Cons. ap. Front. Aquaed. 125; on the various forms found only in the grammarians, v. Neue, Formenl. 1, 569 sq.), m. (f. and n. v. infra) [perh. root spec-; v. specio, and so orig. a hole, aperture; but cf. σπέος].

  1. I. Lit., a cave, cavern, grot, den; a cavity, chasm, natural or artificial; of the latter kind, a ditch, drain, canal, channel, covered water-course, a pit in mines, etc. (cf. spelunca).
          1. (α) Masc. (class. and freq.): inferum vastos specus, Enn. ap. Non. 222, 32 (Trag. v. 218 Vahl.): specus tenebricosus, Varr. ib. 222, 31: fons ex opaco specu, Liv. 1, 21; so abl. sing., id. 1, 56, 10; 10, 10, 1: forum medium ferme specu vasto collapsum dicitur, id. 7, 6; so sing., Ov. M. 3, 29; 7, 409; 11, 235; id. F. 4, 495; Liv. 10, 1, 5; Tac. A. 16, 1, 3; 16, 4, 59.
            Plur.: quos agor in specus? Hor. C. 3, 25, 2: paucos specus in extremo fundo, et eos quidem subterraneos, * Cic. Att. 15, 26, 4; so of drains, ditches, Varr. R. R. 3, 17 fin.; Cat. 61, 28; Liv. 39, 13, 13; Tac. A. 12, 57; id. G. 16; Sen. Med. 741 al.
          2. (β) Fem. (ante- and post-class.): concava specus, Enn. ap. Non. 222, 23 (Ann. v. 420 Vahl.); cf. Serv. Verg. A. 7, 568; Pac. ap. Non. 223, 2 Müll. (Trag. p. 91 Rib.); id. ap. Fest. p. 343 Müll. (l. l. p. 73 Rib.): specum quandam nactus remotam latebrosamque, in eam me penetro et recondo, Gell. 5, 14, 18; Sil. 6, 276.
          3. (γ) Neutr. (anteclass. and poet.): hic specus horrendum, Verg. A. 7, 568; Serv. ad loc.: invisum caelo specus, Sil. 13, 425; Ps.-Quint. Decl. 10, 19.
          4. (δ) Acc. to the second declension: speca apposita, Cato ap. Prisc. p. 713 P.: altis claudere specis, Att. ap. Non. 487, 25 (Fragm. Trag. v. 63 Rib.).
  2. II. Transf., a hollow, cavity of any kind (poet.): specus atri vulneris, Verg. A. 9, 700 Serv.: quos Capacis alvi mersit tartareo specu, Phaedr. 4, 6, 10; of a snake’s belly, Sil. 6, 276; cf. of the belly of the Trojan horse, Petr. poët. 89, 2, 7.
    In mal. part., Auct. Priap. 83, 34.

spegma, ătis, v. psegma.

† spēlaeum (spēlēum), i, n., = σπήλαιον, a cave, cavern, den (poet. and in postclass. prose; syn. antrum): in silvis, inter spelaea ferarum, * Verg. E. 10, 52; so, spelaea metuenda ferarum, Claud. B. Get. 354: emptum millibus (ab Abraham), Prud. Tetr. Vet. Test. 5: cum initiatur in spelaeo, Tert. Cor. Mil. fin.: HOC SPELEVM CONSTITVIT, Inscr. Grut. 34, 5; 34, 7; 34, 9.

spelta, ae, f., spelt: totidem speltas, i. e. grains of spelt, Rhemn. Fann. Pond. 10; Hier. in Ezech. 1, 4, 9.

† spēlunca, ae, f., = σπήλυγξ, gen. γγος.

  1. I. A cave, cavern, den (class.; syn. specus): Philocteta jam decimum annum in speluncā jacet, Cic. Fin. 2, 29, 94; id. Verr. 2, 4, 48, § 107; id. Fat. 3, 6; id. Fl. 17, 39; Verg. G. 2, 469; 3, 145; 4, 364; id. A. 1, 60: viridis, Prop. 3, 3 (4, 2), 27: pumice pendens, Ov. Am. 3, 1, 3; Val. Fl. 4, 177 al.
  2. II. Spelunca, name of a country-seat of Tiberius, near Terracina, Tac. A. 4, 59; Suet. Tib. 39; Plin. 3, 5, 9, § 59.

* spēluncōsus, a, um, adj. [spelunca], full of caves or caverns: loca, Cael. Aur. Acut. 2, 37, 191.

spēra, ae, v. sphaera init.

* spērābĭlis, e, adj. [spero], that may be hoped for: cum nulla vitae meae salus sperabilis’t, Plaut. Capt. 3, 3, 3.

spērātus, a, um, Part. and P. a. of spero.

Sperchēos (-ēus) or Sperchīus (-īos, v. Neue, Formenl. 1, 127 sq.), i, m., = Σπερχεῖος, a river of Thessaly, rising on Mount Pindus, now the Ellada; form -eos, Verg. G. 2, 487; Rib., Forb. (al. Sperchius); form -eus, Liv. 36, 14, 15 Weissenb.; 37, 4, 10; form -ios, Mel. 2, 3, 6; Plin. 4, 7, 23, § 28 (v. C. infra), Ov. M. 1, 579; form -ius, Stat. Th. 4, 838.
Hence,

  1. A. Sperchēïs, ĭdis, adj. f., of or belonging to the Spercheos: undae, Ov. M. 7, 230: ripae, id. ib. 2, 250.
  2. B. Sperchīŏnĭdes, ae, m., a dweller by the Spercheos, Ov. M. 5, 86.
  3. C. Sperchiae, ārum f. (Sperchios, Plin. 4, 7, 13, § 28 dub.; Jahn, Sparthos), a town of Thessaly, on the Spercheos, Liv. 32, 13, 10.

spēres, v. spes init.

† sperma, ătis, n., = σπέρμα, seed, semen, sperm, Sulp. Sev. Hist. Sacr. 1, 11.

† spermătĭcus, a, um, adj., = σπερματικός, of or relating to seed, seminal, spermatic: pori, Cael. Aur. Acut. 3, 18, 180.

spernax, ācis, adj. [sperno], despising, showing contempt, contemptuous (post-Aug. and very rare): viri spernaces mortis, Sil. 8, 465: in admittendo consilio spernax, Sid. Ep. 4, 9.

sperno, sprēvi, sprētum, 3

    (
  1. I. perf. sync. sprērunt, Prud. Dittoch. 31), v. a. [root spar-, to part; Sanscr. spar-itar, enemy; cf. Lat. parcus; Germ. sperren], to sever, separate, remove (syn.: segrego, separo; perh. only in the foll. passages): jus atque aequom se a malis spernit procul, Enn. ap. Non. 399, 10 (Trag. v. 224 Vahl.): nunc spes, opes auxiliaque a me segregant spernuntque se, Plaut. Capt. 3, 3, 2 Brix ad loc.: ille illas spernit segregatque ab se omnis extra te unam, id. Mil. 4, 6, 17 Lorenz ad loc.
  2. II. Transf., subject., to despise, contemn, reject, scorn, spurn (the class. signif.; esp. freq. after the Aug. period; syn.: contemnere, despicere; pro nihilo putare, etc.; opp. colere): meam speciem spernat (a little later: se contemnit), Plaut. Mil. 4, 6, 20: spernitur orator bonus, horridus miles amatur, Enn. ap. Gell. 20, 10 (Ann. v. 273 Vahl.): non respondit, nos sprevit et pro nihilo putavit, Cic. Phil. 13, 9, 21; id. Rep. 1, 43, 67: cum spernerentur ab iis, a quibus essent coli soliti, id. Sen. 3, 7: sperni ab iis veteres amicitias, indulgeri novis, id. Lael. 15, 54; Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 98: me animo non spernis, Verg. E. 3, 74: comitemne sororem Sprevisti moriens, id. A. 4, 678: quis tam inimicus nomini Romano est, qui Ennii Medeam spernat, Cic. Fin. 1, 2, 4: veritas auspiciorum spreta est, id. N. D. 2, 3, 9: aliorum judicia, id. Or. 13, 41: prodigus et stultus donat quae spernit et odit, Hor. Ep. 1, 7, 20 et saep.: doctrina deos spernens, Liv. 10, 40, 10: conscientia spretorum (deorum), id. 21, 63, 7; 30, 40, 5: ab eo quoque spretum consulis imperium est, id. 41, 10, 9; so, imperium, id. 8, 30, 11: litteras praetoris, id. 30, 24, 3: consilium, Ov. M. 6, 30; Curt. 3, 2, 18: voluptates, Hor. Ep. 1, 2, 55: dulces amores, id. C. 1, 9, 16: cibum vilem, id. S. 2, 2, 15: (genus orationis) spretum et pulsum foro, Cic. Or. 13, 42: haudquaquam spernendus auctor, Liv. 30, 45, 5; cf. Col. 1, 1, 4: haud spernendos falsi tituli testes, Liv. 4, 20, 11: neque morum spernendus, Tac. A. 14, 40: spernens dotis, App. Mag. p. 332.
    Poet. with inf.: nec partem solido demere de die Spernit, Hor. C. 1, 1, 21: obsequio deferri spernit aquarum, Ov. M. 9, 117.

* spernor, āri, v. dep. a. [sperno; cf. aspernor], to despise: pietatem, Front. Eloq. p. 227 Mail.

spēro, āvi, ātum, 1, v. a.

  1. I. To hope (something desirable), to look for, trust, expect; to promise or flatter one’s self (the predom. signif. of the word; syn.: confido, exspecto).
          1. (α) Absol.: spero, si speres quicquam prodesse potes sunt, Enn. ap. Fest. p. 333 Müll. (Ann. v. 410 Vahl.): quoad Pompeius in Italiā fuit, sperare non destiti, Cic. Att. 9, 10, 3: sperat animus, Plaut. Bacch. 1, 2, 36: ut neque accusator timere neque reus sperare debuerit, Cic. Clu. 7, 20: jubes bene sperare et bono esse animo, id. Deiot. 14, 38: Attica nostra quid agat, scire cupio: etsi tuae litterae recte sperare jubent, id. Att. 13, 17: tu jam, ut spero et ut promittis, aderis, id. ib. 16, 3, 4: omnia experiar et, ut spero, assequar … Sed, ut spero, valebis, id. ib. 7, 2, 6: ut mihi detis hanc veniam accommodatam huic reo, vobis, quemadmodum spero, non molestam, id. Arch. 2, 3: Argyrippus exorari spero poterit, ut sinat, etc., Plaut. As. 5, 2, 67; cf.: Ch. Non usus veniet, spero. Sy. Spero hercle ego quoque, Ter. Heaut. 3, 2, 42: interea fiet aliquid, spero, id. And. 2, 1, 14: salvus sit; spero, id. Ad. 3, 3, 57.
          2. (β) With acc.: his omnibus victoriam sperantibus pacis nomen adferemus, Cic. Phil. 12, 5, 10: consulatum, id. ib. 12, 6, 14: gloriam sperabit a latronum gregibus, id. ib. 12, 10, 26: magis adversos rerum exitus metuens quam sperans secundos, id. Fam. 6, 14, 1: id ego et speraram prudentiā tuā fretus, et, ut confiderem, fecerunt tuae litterae, id. ib. 12, 18: a quo nihil speres boni rei publicae, quia non vult; nihil metuas mali, quia non audet, id. Att. 1, 13, 2: a quo genere hominum victoriam sperasset, Caes. B. C. 3, 96 fin.: omnia ex victoriā et ex suā liberalitate sperarent, id. ib. 3, 6; cf. id. ib. 3, 60: quibus (tormentis) ipsi magna speravissent, id. ib. 2, 16 fin.: spero meliora, Cic. Att. 14, 16, 3: aliquid sibi, id. Tusc. 1, 36, 86; Sall. C. 37, 6: bona alicuius, Cic. Phil. 11, 6, 13: hoc sperans, ut, etc., Caes. B. C. 3, 85: sperare victoriam ab aliquo, id. B. C. 3, 96: quod sapienter speravimus, perseveranter consectari, have expected, Col. praef. § 29: sperata gloria (opp. parta), Cic. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 15; Liv. 28, 41, 6: sperata praeda, Caes. B. G. 6, 8: spem speratam quom optulisti, Plaut. Merc. 5, 2, 2: civitatem optandam magis quam sperandam quam minimam posuit, Cic. Rep. 2, 30, 52; Liv. 4, 15, 5: exitum malis sperare, Sall. C. 40, 2: amicitiam, regnum, id. J. 24, 5: mortem honestam, id. H. 2, 41, 2 Dietsch: salutem, id. C. 58, 16: spes, Curt. 5, 10, 1: mali poenam, Lact. de Ira, 16, 8: perpetuam felicitatem, Suet. Aug. 94; id. Vesp. 12; Sen. Ira, 3, 31, 2; Just. 21, 2, 5: sperat infestis, metuit secundis Alteram sortem bene praeparatum Pectus, Hor. C. 2, 10, 13: grata superveniat, quae non sperabitur hora, id. Ep. 1, 4, 14 et saep.: dis sum fretus, deos sperabimus, we will hope or trust in the gods, Plaut. Cas. 2, 5, 38; cf. id. Mil. 4, 5, 10; id. Cist. 2, 3, 52.
          3. (γ) With obj.-clause (so most freq.; usually with inf. fut.; less freq. but class. with inf. pres. or perf.).
            With inf. fut.: ego me confido liberum fore, tu te numquam speras, Plaut. Pers. 2, 4, 15; Cic. Rep. 1, 20, 33: ex quibus sperant se maximum fructum esse capturos, id. Lael. 21, 79: quod amicitiae nostrae memoriam spero sempiternam fore, etc., id. ib. 4, 15: tu fac animo forti magnoque sis, speresque fore, ut, etc., id. Fam. 1, 5, 6 fin.; cf.: spero fore, ut contingat id nobis, id. Tusc. 1, 34, 82 et saep.
            With inf. pres.: qui istoc te speras modo Potesse dissimulando infectum hoc reddere, Plaut. Most. 4, 3, 22: spero me habere, qui hunc excruciem, Ter. Eun. 5, 3, 11: sperat se a me avellere, id. ib. 3, 3, 14: totius Galliae sese potiri posse sperant, Caes. B. G. 1, 3: spero, quae tua prudentia est, et hercule, ut me jubet Acastus, confido te jam, ut volumus, valere, Cic. Att. 6, 9, 1: sperabam tuum adventum appropinquare, id. Fam. 4, 6, 3: speremus, nostrum nomen volitare et vagari latissime, id. Rep. 1, 17, 26: spero te mihi ignoscere, si, etc., id. Fam. 1, 6, 2: spero esse, ut volumus, id. Att. 12, 6 b, 4: ita quiddam spero nobis profici, cum, etc., id. ib. 1, 1; Sall. H. 4, 61, 2 Dietsch: speramus carmina fingi posse, Hor. A. P. 331: neque ego hanc abscondere furto Speravi, ne finge, fugam, I did not hope or expect, Verg. A. 4, 338.
            So esp. when used like Engl. hope, in the sense trust, believe: spero nostram amicitiam non egere testibus, Cic. Fam. 2, 2: id enim deos immortalis spero aequissimum judicare, id. Phil. 11, 15, 39; cf. infra, II. fin.
            With inf. perf.: speravi miser Ex servitute me exemisse filium, Plaut. Capt. 3, 5, 99: me ejus spero fratrem propemodum Jam repperisse, Ter. Eun. 1, 2, 123: sperabam jam defervisse adulescentiam, id. Ad. 1, 2, 72: spero tibi me causam probasse; cupio quidem certe, Cic. Att. 1, 1, 4: spero cum Crassipede nos confecisse, id. Q. Fr. 2, 4, 2: et tum mirifice sperabat se esse locutum, Cat. 84, 3: sperasse libertatem se civium suorum emisse, Liv. 4, 15, 6: sperabam ita notata me reliquisse genera, etc., Cic. Fam. 7, 32, 1; id. Att. 2, 21, 2; 10, 7, 3.
            Ellipt.: qui semper vacuam, semper amabilem Sperat (sc. te fore), Hor. C. 1, 5, 11.
          4. (δ) With ut and subj.: quoniam, ut salvum vellent tyrannum, sperare non poterat, Liv. 34, 27, 3: ut patiatur … nec sperandum ulli nec concupiscendum est, Sen. ad Polyb. 18, 6; Just. 5, 3, 3.
            ( ) In a Greek construction, with fut. part.: visura et quamvis numquam speraret Ulixen, etc. (for se visuram esse), Prop. 2, 9, 7 Paley ad loc.
            (ζ) With de (very rare): neque de otio nostro spero jam, Cic. Att. 9, 7, 5; id. Verr. 2, 1, 2, § 6: de eo bene sperare (with obj.clause, cf. γ supra), Nep. Milt. 1, 1.
  2. II. To look for, expect, apprehend that which is undesired, ἐλπίζω (rare, and mostly poet.; in Cic. only with non, and ironically): nam quod tu speres, propulsabo facile, Ter. And. 2, 3, 21: mihi non hoc miserae sperare jubebas, Sed conubia laeta, Cat. 64, 140: haec merui sperare? dabis mihi, perfida, poenas, Prop. 2, 5, 3: hunc ego si potui tantum sperare dolorem, Et perferre, soror, potero, Verg. A. 4, 419 (cf. Quint. 8, 2, 3); cf. Flor. 3, 1, 1: haec adeo ex illo mihi jam speranda fuerunt Tempore, cum, etc., Verg. A. 11, 275: mene efferre pedem, genitor, te posse relicto Sperasti? id. ib. 2, 658; cf. Suet. Caes. 60: si genus humanum et mortalia temnitis arma, At sperate deos memores fandi atque nefandi, expect, fear, Verg. A. 1, 543: exstinguine mea Speravi te posse manu, Val. Fl. 3, 295: aliquod in Africā bellum, Flor. 3, 1, 1: jam quartanam sperantibus aegris, Juv. 4, 57.
    With a negative particle: Sc. Moneo ego te: te deseret ille aetate et satietate. Ph. Non spero. Sc. Insperata accidunt magis saepe quam quae speres, Plaut. Most. 1, 3, 40: id quod non spero, Afran ap. Charis. p. 195 P.: sin a vobis, id quod non spero, deserar, Cic. Rosc. Am. 4, 10: te tam mobili in me meosque esse animo non sperabam, Q. Metell. ap. Cic. Fam. 5, 1, 2: non speravi te sequi, Stat. Th. 6, 139.
    Ironically: quoniam haec satis spero vobis molesta videri, Cic. de Or. 3, 13, 51.
    Hence, spērātus, a, um, P. a., that is hoped or longed for; as subst.: spērātus, i, m.; spērāta, ae, f., a betrothed, intended, a lover; a bride (ante- and post-class.): curre et nuntia Venire me et mecum speratum adducere, Afran. ap. Non. 174, 31: sperata, salve, Plaut. Poen. 5, 4, 97; so, sperata, id. Fragm. ap. Varr. L. L. 6, 7, 71; Afran. ap. Non. 174, 33; Arn. 4, 140; Hyg. Fab. 31; 33.
    Once also of a wife not seen for a long time: Amphitruo uxorem salutat laetus speratam suam, Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 53.

spes, spēi (gen. spe, Liv. 1, 40, 7 dub.; Weissenb. spei; plur. nom. and acc. speres, Enn. ap. Fest. p. 333 Müll., or Ann. v. 410 and 132 Vahl.; gen. sperum, Eum. Paneg. Const. 15; abl. speribus, Varr. ap. Non. 171, 27 and 30: spebus, Sid. Apollin. Ep. 3, 6; Sulp. Sev. Dial. 3, 10; Paul. Nol. Carm. 18, 243; Hilar. in Psa. 119; cf. Neue, Formenl. 1, 570), f. [perh. root spa-, to draw out; Gr. σπάω; cf.: prosper, spondeo; v. spatium].

  1. I. Lit.
    1. A. In gen., the expectation of something desired, hope (the predom. signif. of the word; syn. exspectatio).
          1. (α) Absol.: si spes est exspectatio boni, mali exspectationem esse necesse est metum, Cic. Tusc. 4, 37, 80: bona spes cum omnium rerum desperatione confligit, id. Cat. 2, 11, 25: ut aegroto, dum anima est, spes esse dicitur; sic, etc., id. Att. 9, 10, 3: nolite nimiam spem habere, Cat. ap. Gell. 13, 17, 1: spem habere in fide alicujus, Cic. Inv. 1, 39, 71; cf.: nostros tantum spei habere ad vivendum, quantum accepissent ab Antonio, id. Att. 15, 20, 2: miserum est nec habere ne spei quidem extremum, id. N. D. 3, 6, 14: in quīs plurimum habebat spei, Curt. 3, 3, 1: spem sibi aliquam proponere, Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 16, § 41: spem reliquorum in vestrā potestate positam esse, id. Fl. 1, 3: spem ponere in armis, Verg. A. 2, 676: spem deponere, abandon, Hor. S. 2, 5, 26; but: spem salvis in alicujus morte deponere, to place, Curt. 10, 9, 7: spem alicujus alere, Cic. Cat. 1, 12, 30; cf.: auxerat meam spem, quod, etc., id. Phil. 12, 1, 2: aliquem in spem adducere, id. Att. 3, 19, 2: quae (salus nostra) spe exiguā extremāque pendet, id. Fl. 2, 4: ut eos homines spes falleret, id. Div. in Caecil. 2, 4: quantā de spe decidi, Ter. Heaut. 2, 3, 9: hac spe lapsus Indutiomarus, Caes. B. G. 5, 55: nostris militibus spem minuit, id. ib. 5, 33: Helvetii eā spe dejecti, id. ib. 1, 8: ab hac spe repulsi Nervii, id. ib. 5, 42; cf.: de spe conatuque depulsus, Cic. Cat. 2, 7, 14: pro re certā spem falsam domum retulerunt, id. Rosc. Am. 38, 110: non solum spe, sed certā re jam et possessione deturbatus est, id. Fam. 12, 25, 2: spei nostrae finem inponere, Liv. 5, 4, 10: morando spem destituere, id. 1, 51, 5: dolor tantae ad inritum cadentis spei, id. 2, 6, 1: spes ad inritum redacta, id. 28, 31, 1: Philippus, magnā spe depulsus, id. 31, 25, 11: Tyrii ab ingenti spe destituti erant, Curt. 4, 3, 20: tantā spe destituti, id. 8, 6, 20: spem pro re ferentes, Liv. 36, 40, 7: hominem sine re, sine fide, sine spe, etc., Cic. Cael. 32, 78: sunt omnia, sicut adulescentis, non tam re et maturitate quam spe et exspectatione laudata, id. Or. 30, 107: ego jam aut rem aut ne spem quidem exspecto, id. Att. 3, 22, 4: nemo umquam animo aut spe majora suscipiet, qui, etc., id. Lael. 27, 102: multa praeter spem scio multis bona evenisse, Plaut. Rud. 2, 3, 69; so, praeter spem evenit! Ter. And. 2, 6, 5; 4, 1, 55; id. Heaut. 4, 1, 51: repente praeter spem dixit, etc., Cic. Fam. 4, 4, 3: cetera contra spem salva invenit, Liv. 9, 23, 17: omnia bona in spe habere, Sall. C. 31, 7.
            Plur.: ubi sunt spes meae? Plaut. Curc. 2, 3, 28: si mihi mulierculae essent salvae, spes aliquae forent, id. Rud. 2, 6, 69; id. Capt. 2, 3, 85: in quo nostrae spes omnesque opes sitae Erant, Ter. Ad. 3, 2, 33; id. Phorm. 3, 1, 6; cf.: omnes Catilinae spes atque opes concidisse, Cic. Cat. 3, 7, 16; so often: spes opesque, Sall. J. 107, 4: (cadus) Spes donare novas largus, Hor. C. 4, 12, 19 al.
          2. (β) With gen. obj.: spem istoc pacto nuptiarum omnem eripis, Ter. Heaut. 4, 3, 35: spe mercedis adducti, Cic. Lael. 9, 31: spes dignitatis suae, id. de Or. 1, 7, 25: spes diuturnitatis atque imperii, id. Rep. 2, 3, 5: nec in praemiis humanis spem posueris rerum tuarum, id. ib. 6, 23, 25; cf. id. de Or. 1, 7, 25: quoniam me tui spem das, id. Rep. 1, 10, 15: ni mihi esset spes ostensa Hujusce habendae, Ter. Phorm. 5, 4, 7: spes amplificandae fortunae fractior, Cic. Lael. 16, 59: ut reo audaci spem judicii corrumpendi praeciderem, id. Verr. 2, 1, 7, § 20: Antiochus a spe societatis Prusiae decidit, Liv. 37, 26, 1: hoc conloquium abstulit spem Hannibali recipiendae Nolae, id. 33, 44, 3: exulanti Amyandro spes recuperandi regni facta est, id. 38, 1, 3; Tac. Or. 14 fin.: spe templi capiendi, Liv. 31, 25, 2: spem suae mortis conceperat, Ov. M. 6, 554.
          3. (γ) With obj.-clause: spes est, eum melius facturum, Plaut. Stich. 1, 1, 22; id. Ep. 3, 1, 11; Auct. Her. 2, 17, 25: magna me spes tenet, explicare, etc., Cic. Clu. 3, 7: in spem maximam adducti, hunc ipsum annum salutarem civitati fore, id. Mil. 28, 78: ne spes quidem ulla ostenditur, fore melius, id. Att. 11, 11, 1: magnam in spem veniebat, fore, uti, etc., Caes. B. G. 1, 42: magnam se habere spem, Ariovistum finem injuriis facturum, id. ib. 1, 33: injecta est spes patri, Posse illam extrudi, Ter. Phorm. 4, 4, 11: si qui vestrum spe ducitur, se posse, etc., Cic. Agr. 1, 9, 27: in spem venio, appropinquare tuum adventum, id. Fam. 9, 1, 1: magna me spes tenet, bene mihi evenire, quod mittar ad mortem, id. Tusc. 1, 41, 97: ad Aetolos legatum misit, magis ut nudaret animos, quam spe impetrari posse, Liv. 34, 24, 7: a spe scalis capi urbem posse, id. 6, 9, 9: spe castra eo die se oppugnaturos, id. 40, 31, 6.
          4. (δ) With ut: quae te ratio in istam spem induxit, ut eos tibi fidelis putaris fore? Cic. Off. 2, 15, 53: si spem afferunt, ut … fructus appareat, id. Lael. 19, 68: spes mihi certa fuit ut, etc., Aus. Idyll. 2, 46: irritā spe agitari, ut, etc., Tac. A. 16, 26.
            (ε) With de: spes est de argento, Plaut. Most. 3, 1, 40; Cic. Lael. 3, 11: de flumine transeundo spem se fefellisse, Caes. B. G. 2, 10: quam spem tunc ille de me concepit, Plin. Ep. 1, 10, 3: nato filio pater spem de illo quam optimam capiat, Quint. 1, 1, 1.
            (ζ) With ad and gerund.: postea vero quam vidi nostros tantum spei habere ad vivendum, Cic. Att. 15, 20, 2: spem habere ad ejus salutem exstinguendam, id. Mil. 2, 5: Gallis ad temptanda ea defuit spes, Liv. 21, 25, 10 Weissenb. ad loc.: cum spei ad resistendum nihil esset, id. 43, 18, 10; 43, 19, 9.
      1. 2. In partic.
        1. a. The hope of being appointed heir (rare): leniter in spem Arrepe officiosus, ut et scribare secundus Heres, Hor. S. 2, 5, 47: in spem secundam nepotes pronepotesque (assumebantur), Tac. A. 1, 8.
        2. b. Spes, a Roman divinity who had several temples in Rome, Plaut. Bacch. 4, 8, 52; id. Ps. 2, 4, 19; id. Cist. 4, 1, 18; Cic. Leg. 2, 11, 28; id. N. D. 2, 23, 61; 3, 18, 47; Liv. 2, 51, 2; 25, 7, 6; 40, 51, 6; Tac. A. 2, 49; Plin. 2, 7, 5, § 14; Tib. 1, 1, 9 (19); Ov. A. A. 1, 445; Aus. Idyll. 12, 9; cf. Hartung, Relig. d. Röm. 2, p. 264.
    2. B. Transf, concr., like the Engl. hope, of that in which hope is placed, or which is hoped for (poet. and in postAug. prose).
      1. 1. In gen.: puppes, Spes vestri reditus, Ov. M. 13, 94; cf.: vestras spes uritis, Verg. A. 5, 672: spes o fidissima Teucrum (of Aeneas), id. ib. 2, 281: spem suam (i. e. exta) circumvolat alis (milvus), Ov. M. 2, 719; cf.: spe (i. e. re speratā) potitur, id. ib. 11, 527.
      2. 2. In partic., of hopeful children, and, by analogy, of the young of animals, or of the fruits of the earth: devovit nati spemque caputque parens, Ov. H. 3, 94 Ruhnk.; cf. also in plur., of one child: per spes surgentis Iuli, Verg. A. 6, 364; 10, 524; 4, 274; cf.: tuosne ego, o meae spes inanes, labentis oculis vidi, Quint. 6, prooem. § 12: (capella) gemellos, Spem gregis, silice in nudā connixa reliquit, Verg. E. 1, 15; cf. id. G. 4, 162: (sus) quia semina pando Eruerit rostro spemque interceperit anni, Ov. M. 15, 113.
        1. b. In gen., as a term of endearment, hope: spes mea, Plaut. Rud. 1, 4, 27: o spes mea, o mea vita, o mea voluptas, salve, id. Stich. 4, 2, 5: o salutis meae spes, id. Rud. 3, 3, 17: et mea carissima filiola, et spes reliqua nostra, Cicero, Cic. Fam. 14, 4, 6.
  2. II. An anticipation or apprehension of something not desired, ἐλπίς (very rare): si meam spem vis improborum fefellerit atque superaverit, Cic. Cat. 4, 11, 23: mala res, spes multo asperior, Sall. C. 20, 13: Metellus contra spem suam laetissimis animis excipitur, id. J. 88, 1: id (bellum) quidem spe omnium serius fuit, Liv. 2, 3, 1: omnium spe celerius, id. 21, 6, 5: in malā jam spe, id. 22, 48: in spe Hannibali fuit defectio Tarentinorum, id. 25, 7: dum spes nulla necis, Stat. Th. 9, 129; cf.: naufragii spes omnis abit, Luc. 5, 455.

‡ spētĭle (or spectĭle) vocatur infra umbilicum suis, quod est carnis, proprii cujusdam habitus, exos, quā etiam antiqui per se utebantur. Plautus enumerandis suillis obsoniis in Carbonaria sic: ego pernam, sumen sueris, spectile, etc., Fest. p. 330 Müll.

Speusippus, i, m., = Σπεύσιππος, a nephew of Plato, and his successor in the Academy, Cic. Ac. 1, 4, 17; id. N. D. 1, 13, 32; id. de Or. 3, 18, 67 al.

† speustĭcus, a, um, adj., = σπευστικός. hastily made: panes, a kind of bread, Plin. 18, 11, 27, § 105.

spīca, ae (vulg. spēca: rustici, ut acceperunt antiquitus, vocant specam, Varr. R. R. 1, 48, 2.
Neutr. collat. form spī-cum, Varr. ap. Non. 225, 30; Cic. Sen. 15, 51, acc. to Non. 225, 29; Cic. poët. N. D. 2, 42, 110.
Masc. collat. form spīcus, Poët. ap. Fest. s. v. spicum, p. 333 Müll.), f. [root spi-, to be sharp; Gr. σπίλος, rock; σπινός, lean].

  1. I. Prop., a point; hence, in partic., of grain, an ear, spike (syn. arista), Varr. R. R. 1, 48; 1, 63, 2; Cic. Fin. 5, 30, 91; 4, 14, 37; Plin. 18, 7, 10, § 56; Cat. 19, 11: Cererem in spicis intercipit, Ov. M. 8, 292; 9, 689: distendet spicis horrea plena Ceres, Tib. 2, 5, 84: spicas hordaceas gerenti, App. M. 7, p. 191.
    Prov.: his qui contentus non est, in litus harenas, In segetem spicas, in mare fundat aquas, Ov. Tr. 5, 6, 44.
  2. II. Transf., of things of a similar shape.
    1. A. A top, tuft, head of other plants, Cato, R. R. 70, 1; Col. 8, 5, 21; Plin. 21, 8, 23, § 47; 22, 25, 79, § 161; Prop. 4 (5), 6, 74; Ov. F. 1, 76.
    2. B. The brightest star in the constellation Virgo, Cic. poët. N. D. 2, 42, 110; German. Arat. 97; Col. 11, 2, 65; Plin. 18, 31, 74, § 311; Manil. 5, 269.
    3. C. Spica testacea, a kind of brick for pavements, laid so as to imitate the setting of the grains in an ear of corn, Vitr. 7, 1 fin.; cf. spicatus, under spico.
    4. D. Spicus crinalis, a hair-pin, Mart. Cap. 9, § 903 (al. spicum crinale, al. crinale spiclum; but in Lucr. 3, 198, the better reading is spiritus acer, v. Lachm. ad h. l.).