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pendo, pĕpendi, pensum, 3 (pendissent, for pependissent, Liv. 45, 26 fin.: penderit for pependerit, Paul. Nol. Carm. 14, 122), v. a. and n. [etym. dub.; cf. root σφαδ-, σφενδόνη, a sling; Lat. funda].
Lit., to cause to hang down, to suspend; esp. of scales in weighing.
- I. Act., to weigh, weigh out.
- A. Lit. (very rare: syn. penso, expendo): unumquodque verbum staterā aurariā pendere, Varr. ap. Non. 455, 21: da pensam lanam, Titin. ap. Non. 369, 21; Plin. 19, 3, 15, § 39, read repensum: aere gravi cum uterentur Romani, penso eo, non numerato debitum solvebant, Fest. s. v. pendere, p. 208 Müll.: pensas examinat herbas, Ov. M. 14, 270.
- 2. Transf., to pay, pay out (because, in the earliest times, payments were made by weighing out the metals; v. in the preced. the passage from Fest.; class.): militis stipendia ideo, quod eam stipem pendebant, Varr. L. L. 5, § 182 Müll.: Achaei ingentem pecuniam pendunt L. Pisoni quotannis, Cic. Prov. Cons. 3, 5; id. Att. 12, 25, 1: vectigal populo Romano, Caes. B. G. 5, 23: vectigal, Liv. 25, 8: tributum pro navibus, Tac. A. 13, 51: pretium, id. ib. 2, 87: coria boum in usus militares, id. ib. 4, 72: mercedem alicui, Juv. 3, 15.
Absol.: pro pabulo pendunt, pay, Plin. 12, 14, 32, § 65.
Impers. pass.: iterumque imperii nostri publicanis penditur, Plin. 12, 14, 32, § 65.
As punishments consisted of fines in money or cattle: pendere poenas, supplicia, etc., signified to pay, suffer, undergo a penalty: pendere poenas solvere significat, Fest. p. 268 Müll.: Syrus mihi tergo poenas pendet, Ter. Heaut. 4, 4, 6: maximas poenas pendo temeritatis meae, Cic. Att. 11, 8, 1: satis pro temeritate unius hominis suppliciorum pensum esse, Liv. 34, 61: capitis poenas, Ov. F. 3, 845: poenas violatae religionis sanguine et caedibus, Just. 8, 2, 4: magna supplicia perfidiae, id. 11, 4, 2: crimen, culpam, Val. Fl. 4, 477.
Rarely in this signif. absol., to suffer any thing (poet.): tuis nam pendit in arvis Delius, Val. Fl. 1, 445.
- B. Trop.
- 1. To weigh mentally, to ponder, consider, deliberate upon, decide (class.; syn.: pensito, trutinor): vos eam (rem) suo, non nominis pondere penditote, Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 1, § 1: in philosophiā res spectatur, non verba penduntur, id. Or. 16, 51: causam ex veritate, id. Quint. 1, 5: rem levi conjecturā, id. Rosc. Am. 22, 62.
- b. To value, esteem, regard a thing; with gen. of the value (mostly ante-class. and poet.): neque cum me magni pendere visum’st, Plaut. Curc. 2, 2, 12: aliquem, Ter. Ad. 5, 4, 25: quem tu vidisse beatus Non magni pendis, Hor. S. 2, 4, 93: nec jam religio divum neque numina magni Pendebantur, Lucr. 6, 1277: unice unum plurimi pendit, Plaut. Bacch. 2, 2, 29: te volturium vocant: Hostisne an civis comedis, parvi pendere, id. Trin. 1, 2, 64 sq.: nequam hominis ego parvi pendo gratiam, lightly esteem, id. Bacch. 3, 6, 29; so, parvi, Ter. And. 3, 2, 46; id. Heaut. 4, 3, 37; id. Hec. 3, 5, 63: minoris pendo tergum illorum, quam meum, care less for, Plaut. Most. 4, 1, 29: aliquem minoris, id. ib. 1, 3, 58: aliquem nihili, id. ib. 1, 3, 88: nihili, id. Men. 5, 7, 4; id. Trin. 3, 1, 6; Ter. Ad. 3, 4, 6; cf.: non flocci pendere, Ter. Eun. 3, 1, 21: sese experturum, quanti sese penderem, Plaut. Truc. 2, 4, 44: tu illum numquam ostendisti quanti penderes, Ter. Heaut. 1, 1, 103.
- 2. (Acc. to A. 2.) To pay, render (poet.): dignas pendere grates, Stat. Th. 11, 223.
- II. Neutr., to weigh (poet. and in post-Aug. prose): tantundem pendere par est, Lucr. 1, 361: talentum ne minus pondo octoginta Romanis ponderibus pendat, Liv. 38, 38, 13; Plin. 9, 15, 17, § 44; id. 30, 48 fin., § 93; id. 18, 7, 12, § 66; id. 31, 6, 31, § 58 (in Sen. Ep. 66, 30, read pendent).
Hence, pensus, a, um, P. a., lit. weighed; hence, trop., esteemed, valued, prized, dear (as P. a. not in Cic. or Cæs.): utra condicio pensior, Virginemne an viduam habere? Plaut. Stich. 1, 2, 61: ut nihil quicquam esset carius pensiusque nobis quam nosmetipsi, Taurus ap. Gell. 12, 5, 7.
Esp., as subst.: pensum, i, n., something weighed.
- A. Weight, consideration, scruple, importance, only in gen. sing.: nihil pensi habere aliquid, to lay no weight or stress upon a thing, to attach no value to, be indifferent to, care nothing about: sua parvi pendere, aliena cupere, … nihil pensi neque moderati habere, Sall. C. 12, 2: nihil pensi neque sancti habere, id. J. 41, 9: neque id quibus modis assequeretur, quicquam pensi habebat, id. C. 5, 6: prorsus neque dicere, neque facere quicquam pensi habebat, id. ib. 23, 2: nihil pensi habuit, quin, etc., Suet. Dom. 12; id. Ner. 34: ut neque fas neque fidem pensi haberet, Tac. A. 13, 15: aliquid ratum pensumque habere, Att. Capitol. ap. Gell. 13, 12, 2.
So, non pensi ducere (very rare), Val. Max. 2, 9, 3.
Also, non adest or est alicui pensi: nec mihi adest tantillum pensi jam, quos capiam calceos, I don’t care in the least, am perfectly indifferent, Plaut. Truc. 4, 2, 52: sed illis nec quid dicerent, nec quid facerent, quicquam umquam pensi fuisse, they never cared at all, Liv. 34, 49: quibus si quicquam pensi umquam fuisset, non ea consilia de republicā habuissent, if they had ever had regard for any considerations, Sall. C. 52, 34.
- B. Prop., the wool weighed out to a slave to spin in a day; hence, a day’s work in spinning, and, in gen., spinning, a spinner’s task.
- 1. Lit. (mostly ante-class. and poet.): pensum facere, Plaut. Merc. 2, 3, 63; id. Men. 5, 2, 45: nocturna carpentes pensa puellae, Verg. G. 1, 391: carmine quo captae dum fusis mollia pensa Devolvunt, etc., id. ib. 4, 348: famulasque ad lumina longo Exercet penso, id. A. 8, 412; Prop. 3, 15, (4, 14), 15: castrensia, i. e. for military garments, id. 4 (5), 3, 33: pensa manu ducunt, Juv. 12, 65: lanificam revocas ad sua pensa manum, Ov. Am. 1, 13, 24; id. H. 3, 75; Just. 1, 3, 2.
Poet., a thread spun by the Fates: durae peragunt pensa sorores, Sen. Herc. Fur. 181: jamque in fine dies et inexorabile pensum Deficit, Stat. S. 3, 3, 172: mortale resolvere, to unbind his mortal thread, i. e. to make him immortal, Calp. Ecl. 4, 137.
- 2. Trop., a charge, duty, office (so in Cic.; cf.: ministerium, munus, officium): pensum meum lepide accurabo, Plaut. Bacch. 5, 2, 33; cf.: meum confeci, id. Pers. 2, 4, 1: absolvere, to perform one’s duty, Varr. R. R. 2, 2: me ad meum munus pensumque revocabo, Cic. de Or. 3, 30, 119; id. Verr. 2, 3, 46, § 109: nominis familiaeque, Liv. 4, 52: operis sui peragere, Col. 3, 10, 7.
Hence, adv.: pensē, carefully, considerately (post-class.): pensius, Flav. ap. Symm. Ep. 2, 34.
‡ pensa, ae, f. [pendo], a day’s provisions, a ration for a day, Edict. Diocl. p. 19.
penso, āvi, ātum, 1, v. freq. a. [pendo], to weigh or weigh out carefully (not freq. till after the Aug. per.; not in Cic., for in Off. 2, 19, 68, conpensandum is the correct reading. Neither is it found in Plaut., Ter., Lucr., or Cæs.; syn.: pendo, expendo).
- I. Lit.: aurum, Liv. 38, 24; Sil. 4, 153; Col. 12, 51, 2: C. Gracchi caput auro pensatum, paid for with its weight in gold, Flor. 3, 15, 6: odores ac purpurae et auro pensanda, worth their weight in gold, Sen. Ep. 73, 5.
Prov.: pensare aliquem eādem trutinā, to weigh one in the same balance, judge one by the same standard, Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 29.
- II. Transf.
- A. To counterbalance with any thing, to compensate, recompense, repay, make good, requite; for the usual compensare: exiguā turis impensā tanta beneficia pensaturi, Curt. 8, 5, 10: beneficia beneficiis, Sen. Ben. 3, 9, 3; Suet. Aug. 25: praematuram mortem immortali nominis sui memoriā, Vell. 2, 88, 3: vulnera et sanguis aviditate praedae, Tac. H. 3, 26 fin.; cf. id. ib. 4, 74; id. A. 2, 26: vicem alicujus, to supply the place of a thing, to compensate for a thing, Plin. 31, 8, 44, § 97; transmarinae res quādam vice pensatae, Liv. 26, 37: iter, to shorten the way, Luc. 9, 685.
- B. To pay, repay, punish with any thing: nece pudorem, Ov. H. 2, 143: omnia uno ictu, Sen. Oedip. 936: nefarium concubitum voluntariā morte, Val. Max. 1, 8, 3.
- 2. To purchase with any thing: vitam auro, Sil. 2, 35: victoriam damno militis, Vell. 2, 115, 4.
- C. To exchange for any thing: palatia caelo, Calp. Ecl. 4, 141: laetitiam moerore, Plin. 7, 40, 41, § 132.
- D. To allay, quench: sitim, Calp. Ecl. 5, 111.
- E. To weigh, ponder, examine, consider: ex factis, non ex dictis, amicos pensare, Liv. 34, 49: ad consilium pensandum temporis opus esse, id. 22, 51, 3; Curt. 3, 6, 3; 8, 2, 14; 7, 33, 2: singula animi consulta, id. 7, 8, 1: stat pensata diu belli sententia, Sil. 7, 223.