Lewis & Short

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văcŭus, a, um, adj. [vaco], empty, void, free, clear, devoid of, without something (freq. and class.; cf. inanis.)

  1. I. In gen.
    1. A. Lit., in material sense.
          1. (α) Absol.: spatium vacuum, Lucr. 1, 523; cf. id. 1, 394; 1, 509: vacua castra, Caes. B. G. 7, 45: perque domos Ditis vacuas et inania regna, Verg. A. 6, 269: atria, id. ib. 7, 379; 2, 528: porticus, id. ib. 2, 761: videntur Aëra per vacuum ferri, id. G. 3, 109: Acerrae, unpeopled, id. ib. 2, 225: Cumae, Juv. 3, 2: Ulubrae, id. 10, 102: agri, Verg. G. 2, 54: aurae, id. A. 12, 592: caelum, id. ib. 5, 515: oppida, Auct. B. Afr. 9: aliquam partem aedium vacuam facere, Liv. 39, 14, 2: aër, Hor. C. 1, 3, 34: theatrum, id. Ep. 2, 2, 130: aula, id. C. 4, 14, 36: tabellae, Quint. 10, 3, 32: numerus peditum in vicem prolapsorum equitum vacuos capientium ad pugnam equos, Liv. 44, 26, 3: lectus, Prop. 2, 2, 1: Ov. M. 11, 471: per vacuum locum inruperunt, Liv. 25, 3, 18: manus, Quint. 11, 2, 42: ossa vacuis exsucta medullis, Juv. 8, 90: si vacuo ventre mulier fuit, not pregnant (opp. plenus), Dig. 29, 2, 84: vultus, without eyes, Sen. Oedip. 1012.
          2. (β) With abl.: nihil igni vacuum videri potest, Cic. Univ. 4: gladium vaginā vacuum in urbe non vidimus, id. Marcell. 6, 17: moenia defensoribus, Liv. 42, 63, 6: viae occursu hominum, id. 5, 41, 5: cultoribus agri, Ov. M. 7, 653: ense ebur, id. ib. 4, 148: arvum arboribus, Col. 3, 11, 3: loca fetu in vite, id. 3, 10, 5: pectus velamine, Stat. Th. 1, 593.
          3. (γ) With ab and abl.: Messana ab his rebus … vacua ac nuda est, Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 2, § 3: oppidum vacuum ab defensoribus, without, Caes. B. G. 2, 12: pars Galliae ab exercitu, Hirt. B. G. 8, 46: vacuum ab hostibus mare, Liv. 37, 13, 6.
          4. (δ) With gen. (rare; mostly poet.): ager aridus et frugum vacuus, Sall. J. 90, 1: Romana urbs annonae, Mamert. Grat. Act. ad Julian. 14.
        1. b. Subst.: vă-cŭum, i, n., an empty space, an open or vacant place, a void, vacuity: vacuum minus intus habere, Lucr. 1, 367: in vacuum poterunt se extendere rami, Verg. G. 2, 287: ne per vacuum incurreret hostis, Hor. S. 2, 1, 37: libera per vacuum posui vestigia princeps, Hor. Ep. 1, 19, 21.
    2. B. Transf., free from, clear, devoid of, without.
          1. (α) With abl.: animus per somnum sensibus et curis vacuus, Cic. Div. 2, 11, 27: molestiis, id. Fam. 4, 4, 2: cupiditate et timore, id. Fin. 2, 10, 30: consilium periculo, id. Att. 10, 16, 2: cum vacui curis etiam quid in caelo fiat scire avemus, id. Fin. 2, 14, 46: vacui negotiis vivere possimus, id. ib. 4, 5, 12: his rebus mens vacua, id. Tusc. 3, 4, 9: vacuus duellis Janus, Hor. C. 4, 15, 8: crimine nox vacua est, Ov. F. 4, 581: ille metu vacuus, id. M. 3, 582: nullum tempus sterile et vacuum beneficio, Plin. Pan. 56, 2: aemulatione, Tac. A. 12, 2: curā domesticā vacuus, id. H. 1, 88: tali culpā, id. A. 6, 16: tributo, id. ib. 12, 61: vacuam laboribus egi vitam, Ov. Tr. 5, 3, 9.
          2. (β) With ab and abl.: Mamertini soli vacui, expertes, soluti ac liberi fuerunt ab omni sumptu, molestiā, munere, Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 10, § 23: a securibus et tributis, Tac. A. 12, 34; 12, 61: hora nulla vacua a furto, a scelere, crudelitate, flagitio reperietur, Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 12, § 34: nullus dies ab exercitationibus oratoriis, id. Brut. 90, 309: animus a talibus factis vacuus et integer, id. Inv. 2, 7, 24: cum ab omni molestiā vacuus esses, id. Fam. 11, 16, 1: domus a suspitione religionis vacua atque pura, id. Har. Resp. 6, 11: ab odio, amicitiā, irā atque misericordiā, Sall. C. 51, 1: a culpa, id. ib. 14, 4: censores vacui ab operum locandorun; curā, Liv. 24, 18, 1.
          3. (γ) With gen.: vacuas caedis habete manus, Ov. A. A. 1, 642: operum vacuus, Hor. S. 2, 2, 119: vacuas habuissem criminis umbras, Ov. M. 6, 541: composuit ad Caesarem litteras, quasi confecto bello verbis magnificas, rerum vacuas, Tac. A. 15, 8.
          4. (δ) With dat. of that for which room or a vacancy exists or is made: Aruns Tarquinius et Tullia minor, prope continuatis funeribus cum domos vacuas novo matrimonio fecissent, junguntur, Liv. 1, 46, 9: necato filio vacuam domum scelestis nuptiis fecisse, Sall. C. 15, 2: quanto molimine circumspectemus vacuam Romanis vatibus aedem (Apollinis), Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 94.
            Subst.: văcŭum, i, n., leisure: aliquid invenire vacui, Quint. 10, 6, 1.
  2. II. In partic. (cf. vaco, II.).
    1. A. Free from labor or occupation, without business, at leisure, clear, disengaged, unoccupied, idle: quoniam vacui sumus, dicam, Cic. Leg. 1, 4, 13: si es animo vacuo, expone nobis quod quaerimus … hunc elegimus diem, cum te sciremus esse vacuum, id. Brut. 5, 20: animus vacuus ac solutus, id. Verr. 1, 9, 26: aures vacuae atque eruditae, Quint. 10, 1, 32: aures, Hor. Ep. 1, 16, 26; Ov. M. 4, 41; 12, 56: pedibus vacuis terere Porticum, id. A. A. 1, 491: si quid vacui sub umbrā Lusimus, Hor. C. 1, 32, 1: cetera, quae vacuas tenuissent carmine mentes, Verg. G. 3, 3: ne vacuum esse me nunc ad narrandum credas, Ter. And. 4, 2, 23: ut animum vacuum ad res difficiles scribendas afferam, Cic. Att. 12, 38, 3: cum per tot menses vacuā civitate nemo controversiam fecerit, Liv. 3, 40, 10.
      Sup.: nec rursus jubeo, dum sit vacuissima quaeras, Ov. P. 3, 1, 141.
      Poet., transf., of places in which to lounge or enjoy leisure, quiet, peaceful, undisturbed, etc.: Tibur, Hor. Ep. 1, 7, 45: Athenae, id. ib. 2, 2, 81: tonsoris in umbrā, id. ib. 1, 7, 50 (cf.: otiosa Neapolis, id. Epod. 5, 43).
      Rarely of persons, free from care, calm, composed: Rutilius animo vacuus, i. e. careless, without apprehension, Sall. J. 52, 6: haud animi vacuus, quiet, Stat. Th. 5, 644: cantamus vacui, sive quid urimur, Hor. C. 1, 6, 19; so of one free from love, id. ib. 1, 5, 10.
      Of female animals, not bearing young: equa, Col. 6, 37, 10.
      Impers.: vacuum est, with inf., there is leisure, time, Sall. H. 1, 10; Tac. H. 2, 28.
    2. B. Of time, free, vacant, disengaged, leisure: etiam si spatium ad dicendum nostro commodo vacuosque dies habuissemus, Cic. Verr. 1, 17, 56: cum vacui temporis nihil haberem, id. Att. 2, 23, 1: vacuam noctem operi dedere, Liv. 3, 28, 7: tempora, Col. 12, 4, 1; cf. Luc. 3, 26.
    3. C. Of women, free, unmarried, single: ubi mulier vacua fuit, Tac. A. 13, 44: vacuis indicere nuptias, Pseudo-Quint. Decl. 376: Hersilia, i. e. widowed, Ov. M. 14, 831.
    4. D. Of possessions, free, vacant, without an occupant or master: vacuam possessionem regni sperans, Caes. B. C. 3, 112: prudentiae doctrinaeque possessio … quasi caduca atque vacua, Cic. de Or. 3, 31, 122: centuria, id. Tull. § 17: sese praedia vacua filio traditurum, id. Rosc. Am. 9, 26: vacuam rempublicam tradere Hannibali, Liv. 23, 2, 7: ut impetus fiat in vacuam rempublicam, Sall. C. 52, 23: sacerdotia ut vacua contulit in alios, Tac. A. 6, 40; cf.: Syriam provinciam vacuam tum morte Atilii Rufi, id. Agr. 40: vacua Armenia, without a ruler, id. A. 12, 50: bona, Dig. 38, 9, 1, § 12: possessio, ib. 41, 3, 4, § 22; Gai Inst. 4, 131.
      Subst.: văcŭum, i, n.: si quis casus puerum egerit Orco, In vacuum venias, into the vacant property, Hor. S. 2, 5, 50: ut in vacuum lege praeditoriā venalis pependerit, Suet. Claud. 9; cf. Quint. 12, 9, 8.
    5. E. Without value, worthless, useless, empty, vain, unprofitable, = vanus (rare; not anteAug.): si respublica et senatus et populus vacua nomina sunt, Tac. H. 1, 30: rem, Petr. 102: vacua et inanis productio verbi, Gell. 11, 15, 6: tollens vacuum plus nimio Gloria verticem, her empty head, Hor. C. 1, 18, 15: pecunia, unused, unproductive, Dig. 19, 5, 24; cf. ib. 16, 3, 28.