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† turba, ae, f. [= τύρβη; cf. Sanscr. turāmi, to hasten; turas, hasty; Lat. turma],

  1. I. a turmoil, hubbub, uproar, disorder, tumult, commotion, disturbance, of a crowd of people (syn. tumultus): praetor ait: cujus dolo malo in turbā damnum quod factum esse dicetur … Turbam appellatam Labeo ait ex genere tumultūs, idque verbum ex Graeco tractum ἀπὸ τοῦ θορυβεῖν. Turbam autem ex quo numero admittimus? Si duo rixam commiserint, utique non accipiemus in turbā id factum, quia duo turba non proprie dicentur. Enimvero si plures fuerint, decem aut quindecim homines, turba dicentur. Quid ergo, si tres aut quattuor? Turba utique non erit. Et rectissime Labeo inter turbam et rixam multum interesse ait; namque turbam multitudinis hominum esse turbationem et coetum, rixam etiam duorum, Dig. 47, 8, 4: turba et confusio rerum, Cic. Fam. 6, 6, 13; cf.: ut exsistat ex populo turba et confusio, id. Rep. 1, 45, 69: vis belli ac turba, id. Rosc. Am. 32, 91: multitudo ac turba fugientium, Caes. B. C. 2, 35: turbā atque seditionibus sine curā aluntur, Sall. C. 37, 3.
    Plur.: seditiones turbaeque populares, Quint. 2, 16, 2; cf. Tac. H. 4, 1 fin.: efficere turbas in castris, Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 12, § 31: turba est nunc apud aram, Plaut. Poen. 1, 2, 53: inter Officium turbamque sacri vocesque precantūm, Ov. M. 12, 33: festaque confusā resonabat regia turbā, id. ib. 12, 214 et saep.
  2. II. Transf.
    1. A. In gen., for a disturbance made by a few or a single person, a brawl, confusion, disturbance, quarrel (in good prose rare): non vides, quam turbam quosve fluctus concites? Att. ap. Non. 524, 26: turba atque rixa, Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 66, § 149: fugiam intro, ne quid hic turbae fiat itidem, Plaut. Aul. 2, 9, 9: Amphitruo actutum uxori turbas conciet, id. Am. 1, 2. 14: quas mihi filius turbas turbet, id. Bacch. 4, 10, 1: ebrius turbam aliquam dare, Caecil. ap. Non. 525, 4: jam tum inceperat Turba inter eos, Ter. Eun. 4, 4, 59; 4, 1, 2; 4, 3, 11; id. Heaut. 1, 2, 16; 5, 2, 17.
    2. B. Concr., a crowd, throng, multitude, mob; a band, train, troop, etc.
      1. 1. Of persons (freq. and class.; cf.: multitudo, vulgus): in foro turbāque, Cic. Rep. 1, 17, 28: domus praetoria turbā referta, id. Verr. 2, 1, 52, § 137: ut te eripias ex eā, quam ego congessi in hunc sermonem, turbā patronorum, id. Brut. 97, 332: admiratio vulgi atque turbae, id. Fam. 7, 1, 13: cum ex hac turbā et colluvione discedam, id. Sen. 23, 85: videt in turbā Verrem, id. Verr. 1, 7, 19: turbae carmina, Manil. 2, 136.
        With gen.: Iliadum turbā comitata, Verg. A. 2, 580: omnis Circi, Quint. 1, 6, 45: hominum ejus aetatis, id. 1, 2, 2: discipulorum, id. 10, 5, 21: omnis eum stipata tegebat Turba ducum, Verg. A. 11, 13: scriptorum, Prop. 3 (4), 1, 12: Dario majorem turbam hominum esse, virorum sibi, Just. 11, 14, 10: forensem turbam in quattuor tribus conjecit, Liv. 9, 46, 14: consul alter velut unus, militaris turba erat, id. 22, 42, 3: conferta turba iter reliquum clauserat, id. 39, 49, 9: Quiritium, Hor. C. 1, 1, 7: clientium, id. ib. 3, 1, 13: poëtarum seniorum, id. S. 1, 10, 67: pauperiorum, id. ib. 1, 1, 111: mea turba, Liv. 6, 15, 10.
        Esp., the common crowd, = vulgus: turba patronorum, Cic. Brut. 97, 332.
      2. 2. Without the notion of a crowd or confusion, a great number, multitude: quid tibi de turbā narrem numeroque virorum? Ov. H. 15 (16), 181: plebes, turbā conspectior cum dignitates deessent, Liv. 22, 40, 4.
      3. 3. Of other things, animate or inanimate, a crowd, throng, troop, multitude, number: turba ignotorum deorum, Cic. N. D. 1, 15, 39: praeter vulgum turbamque animantum, Lucr. 2, 920: ferarum, Ov. M. 11, 44: canum, id. ib. 4, 722: volucrum, id. ib. 10, 144: luporum, Sil. 7, 129: materiaï, Lucr. 1, 1113; 2, 127: refertis itineribus agrestium turbā pecorumque, Liv. 26, 10, 8; cf. Ov. M. 10, 106: rotarum, id. ib. 6, 219: jaculorum, id. P. 4, 7, 35: vulnerum, Plin. 11, 37, 61, § 162: castrensium negotiorum, Plin. Ep. 9, 25, 1.
        Of a speech: mediocria in mediam turbam atque in gregem coiciantur, Cic. de Or. 2, 77, 314: inanium verborum, Quint. 8, 2, 17: argumentorum, id. 4, 2, 82; cf. id. 6, 1, 1; 4, 5, 7; 5, 13, 12.

1. turbo, āvi, ātum, 1, v. a. (fut. perf. turbassit, for turbaverit, Cic. Leg. 3, 4; al. turbassitur) [turba], to disturb, agitate, confuse, disorder; to throw into disorder or confusion (freq. and class.; syn.: confundo, misceo, agito).

  1. I. Lit.: ventorum vi agitari atque turbari mare, Cic. Clu. 49, 138: aequora ventis, Lucr. 2, 1: hibernum mare, Hor. Epod. 15, 8; Ov. M. 7, 154; 14, 545 al.: eversae turbant convivia mensae, id. ib. 12, 222; cf. in a poet. transf.: ancipiti quoniam bello turbatur utrimque, Lucr. 6, 377: ne comae turbarentur, quas componi vetuit, Quint. 11, 3, 148: ne turbet toga mota capillos, Ov. Am. 3, 2, 75: capillos, id. M. 8, 859; id. Am. 3, 14, 33; cf. in a Greek construction: turbata capillos, id. M. 4, 474: ceram, the seal, Quint. 12, 8, 13: uvae recentes alvum turbant, Plin. 23, 1, 6, § 10.
    Absol.: instat, turbatque ruitque, Ov. M. 12, 134.
    Reflex.: cum mare turbaret (sc. se), Varr. R. R. 3, 17, 7 Schneid. ad loc. (al. turbaretur).
    1. B. In partic.
      1. 1. Milit. t. t., to throw into disorder, break the line of battle, disorganize: equitatus turbaverat ordines, Liv. 3, 70, 9: aciem peditum, id. 30, 18, 10.
        Absol.: equites eruptione factā in agmen modice primo impetu turbavere, Liv. 38, 13, 12: turbantibus invicem copiis, Flor. 4, 2, 49: hic rem Romanam, magno turbante tumultu, sistet, Verg. A. 6, 857.
      2. 2. Of water, to trouble, make thick or turbid: lacus, Ov. M. 6, 364: fons quem nulla volucris turbarat, id. ib. 3, 410: flumen imbre, id. ib. 13, 889: limo aquam, Hor. S. 1, 1, 60: aquas lacrimis, Ov. M. 3, 475; cf.: pulvis sputo turbatus, Petr. 131.
  2. II. Trop.: non modo illa permiscuit, sed etiam delectum atque ordinem turbavit, Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 50, § 123: qui omnia inflma summis paria fecit, turbavit, miscuit, id. Leg. 3, 9, 19: Aristoteles quoque multa turbat, a magistro Platone non dissentiens, id. N. D. 1, 13, 33: quantas res turbo! Plaut. Mil. 3, 2, 1: quas meus filius turbas turbet, id. Bacch. 4, 9, 1; cf.: quae meus filius turbavit, id. ib. 5, 1, 5; id. Cas. 5, 2, 6: ne quid ille turbet vide, Cic. Q. Fr. 3, 1, 7, § 24: haec, quae in re publicā turbantur, id. ib. 3, 9, 3: cum dies alicui nobilium dicta novis semper certaminibus contiones turbaret, Liv. 3, 66, 2: ne incertā prole auspicia turbarentur, id. 4, 6, 2: milites nihil in commune turbantes, Tac. H. 1, 85: turbantur (testes), Quint. 5, 7, 11; cf. id. 4, 5, 6; 5, 14, 29; 10, 7, 6: spem pacis, Liv. 2, 16, 5.
    Absol.: Ph. Ea nos perturbat. Pa. Dum ne reducam, turbent porro, quam velint, Ter. Hec. 4, 4, 12 (cf. I. B. 1. supra): repente turbare Fortuna coepit, Tac. A. 4, 1: si una alterave civitas turbet, id. ib. 3, 47: M. Servilius postquam, ut coeperat, omnibus in rebus turbarat, i. e. had deranged all his affairs, Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 8, 2.
    Impers. pass.: nescio quid absente nobis turbatum’st domi, Ter. Eun. 4, 3, 7: totis Usque adeo turbatur agris, Verg. E. 1, 12: si in Hispaniā turbatum esset, Cic. Sull. 20, 57.
    Hence, turbātus, a, um, P. a., troubled, disturbed, disordered, agitated, excited.
    1. A. Lit.: turbatius mare ingressus, more stormy, Suet. Calig. 23: turbatius caelum, id. Tib. 69.
    2. B. Trop.: hostes inopinato malo turbati, Caes. B. C. 2, 12: oculis simul ac mente turbatus, Liv. 7, 26, 5: turbatus religione simul ac periculo, Suet. Ner. 19; cf.: turbatus animi, Sil. 14, 678: placare voluntates turbatas, Cic. Planc. 4, 11: seditionibus omnia turbata sunt, Sall. Or. Phil. contr. Lepid. 1: turbata cum Romanis pax, Just. 18, 2, 10: omnia soluta, turbata atque etiam in contrarium versa, Plin. Ep. 8, 14, 7; cf.: quae si confusa, turbata, permixta sunt, etc., id. ib. 9, 5, 3.
      Hence, adv.: turbātē, confusedly, disorderly: aguntur omnia raptim atque turbate, in confusion, Caes. B. C. 1, 5, 1.