Lewis & Short

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dē-sum, fŭi, esse (ee in deest, deesse, deerit, etc., in the poets per synaeresin as one syll., Lucr. 1, 44; Cat. 64, 151; Verg. G. 2, 233; id. A. 7, 262; 10, 378; Hor. Ep. 1, 12, 24; Ov. M. 15, 354 et saep.; praes. subj., desiet, Cato R. R. 8; perf., defuerunt, trisyl., Ov. M. 6, 585; fut. inf., commonly defuturum esse, as Cic. Div. in Caecil. 1, 2, etc.; also defore, id. Fam. 13, 63; Caes. B. G. 5, 56; Sil. 9, 248; imperf. subj., deforent, Ambros. Hexaem. 3, 13), v. n., to be away, be absent; to fail, be wanting (for syn. cf.: absum, deficio, descisco, negligo; freq. in all periods).

  1. I. In gen.
          1. (α) Absol.: non ratio, verum argentum deerat, Ter. Ph. 2, 1, 69: frigore enim desunt ignes ventique calore Deficiunt, Lucr. 6, 360: cf. id. 3, 455; Cato R. R. 8: omnia deerant, quae, etc., Caes. B. G. 4, 29 fin.: semper paullum ad summam felicitatem defuisse, id. ib. 6, 43, 5: ibi numquam causas seditionum et certaminis defore, Liv. 45, 18: quod non desit habentem, etc., Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 52 et saep.: non desunt qui, for sunt qui, Quint. 4, 5, 11; 8, 3, 85; Plin. 2, 109, 112, § 248.
          2. (β) With dat. (so most freq.): metuo mihi in monendo ne defuerit oratio, Plaut. Bac. 1, 1, 3 and 4: cui nihil desit, quod, etc., Cic. Rep. 1, 17; cf. id. Lael. 14, 51: sive deest naturae quippiam, sive abundat atque affluit, id. Div. 1, 29, 61: quantum alteri sententiae deesset animi, tantum alteri superesse, Caes. B. C. 2, 31; so, opp. superesse, Cic. Fam. 13, 63; cf. opp. superare, Sall. C. 20, 11: neu desint epulis rosae, Hor. Od. 1, 36, 15; id. Ep. 1, 1, 58 et saep.: hoc unum ad pristinam fortunam Caesari defuit, Caes. B. G. 4, 26 fin.; cf. id. B. C. 3, 2, 2; 3, 96, 2.
          3. (γ) With in: ut neque in Antonio deesset hic ornatus orationis, neque in Crasso redundaret, Cic. de Or. 3, 4 fin.; id. Rep. 2, 33: in C. Laenio commendando, id. Fam. 13, 63 al.
          4. (δ) With inf. (poet. and in postAug. prose): et mihi non desunt turpes pendere corollae, Prop. 1, 16, 7; Sil. 6, 10; Tac. H. 4, 1 al.
            (ε) With quominus: duas sibi res, quominus in vulgus et in foro diceret, defuisse, Cic. Rep. 3, 30 fin. (ap. Non. 262, 23); Tac. A. 14, 39.
            (ζ) With quin: nihil contumeliarum defuit, quin subiret, Suet. Ner. 45.
            (η) With ut: non defuit, ut, etc., Capitol. Gord. III. 31.
  2. II. Pregn., to fail, be wanting in one’s duty, as in rendering assistance, etc.; not to assist or serve, to desert one, to neglect a person or thing.
          1. (α) With dat.: tantum enitor, ut neque amicis neque etiam alienioribus opera, consilio, labore desim, Cic. Fam. 1, 9, 17; cf. id. Mur. 4 fin.: ne tibi desis, that you be not wanting to yourself, neglect not your own advantage, id. Rosc. Am. 36, 104; id. Fam. 5, 12, 2; cf. Hor. S. 1, 9, 56; 2, 1, 17; 1, 4, 134: senatu reique publicae, Caes. B. C. 1, 1, 3 sq.: communi saluti nulla in re, id. B. G. 5, 33, 2: Timotheo de fama dimicanti, Nep. Timoth. 4, 3: huic rei, Caes. B. C. 3, 93, 2: negotio, id. ib. 2, 41, 3: decori vestro, Cic. Rep. 6, 24: officio et dignitati meae, id. Att. 7, 17, 4; Liv. 3, 50: tempori, id. 21, 27; cf.: occasioni temporis, Caes. B. C. 3, 79 et saep.
          2. (β) Without dat.: non deest reipublicae consilium … nos, nos, dico aperte, consules desumus, Cic. Cat. 1, 1 fin.; id. Rep. 3, 21: qui non deerat in causis, id. Brut. 34, 130: nec deerat Ptolemaeus, Tac. H. 1, 22 fin.
    1. B. To fall short of, miss, fail to obtain: ne quis desit gratiae Dei, Vulg. Heb. 12, 15.

dĕus, i (voc. sing. deus, Vulg. Psa. 22, 3 al.; but, dee, Tert. adv. Marc. 1, 29; Prud. Hamart. 931; cf. Prob. Inst. Art. 532, p. 340. The nom. plur. is di and dei; dii is freq. in MSS., but prob. indicates only the length of the ī. Di alone is found in Verg. and Hor.; di and dei indifferently in post-Aug. poets.
Gen.: deōrum and deum.
Poet. also, divum or divom, Enn. ap. Varr. L. L. 5, 10, 65; Cic. N. D. 2, 2, 4; Ter. Ad. 4, 7, 28; Verg. A. 1, 46 et saep.; Hor. Od. 1, 2, 25 al.
Dat.: dis or diis, usually monosyl.; and, deis, mostly postAug.; also, DIBVS, Inscr. Orell. 1307; 1676; 3091; 3413; and DIIBVS, ib. 2118; 4608.
As monosyllable, deus, Plaut. Am. prol. 53: deorum, dissyl. id. ib. 45; but dĭī, Luc. 4, 493: dĕī, id. 4, 519: dĕīs, Val. Fl. 7, 29), m. [root in Sanscr.: dī, div- (dyu-), to gleam: dyāus (Gr. ζεύς), heaven: dévas, God; cf. Gr. διος, εὐδία; but not θεός, Curt. Gr. etym. 503 sqq.]. a god, a deity (for syn. cf.: divus, numen).

  1. I. Prop., Cic. N. D. 1, 22 sq.; id. Tusc. 1, 26, 65 sq.; Plin. 2, 7, 5, § 14: qualem te patriae custodem di genuerunt, etc., Enn. ap. Cic. Rep. 1, 41 (Ann. v. 116 sq. ed Vahl.): ab Jove ceterisque dis deabusque immortalibus … deorum immortalium numen, Cic. Rab. perd. 2, 5 et innum. al.
    1. B. Special combinations.
      1. 1. Forms of ejaculation: di, Ter. And. 1, 4, 5; id. Phorm. 5, 1, 13: di boni, id. And. 2, 2, 1; id. Eun. 2, 1, 19; Cic. Att. 6, 6 fin. al.: di immortales, Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 299; id. Ep. 5, 1, 21; Ter. Eun. 2, 2, 1; Cic. Fin. 2, 28 fin. et saep.; cf.: pro di immortales, Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 190; Ter. Ad. 3, 4, 1: di magni, Ov. F. 6, 187: di deaeque, Plin. H. N. prooem. § 24: di vostram fidem, Plaut. Poen. 4, 2, 78; id. Trin. 2, 4, 190; Ter. And. 4, 3, 1; 4, 4, 5 al. (for which in full: di, obsecro vostram fidem, Plaut. Am. 5, 1, 78); cf.: pro deum atque hominum fidem, Ter. And. 1, 5, 2; id. Hec. 2, 1, 1 al.; and ellipt.: pro deum immortalium, Ter. Ph. 2, 3, 4.
      2. 2. Forms of wishing (well or ill), greeting, asseveration, etc.: di bene vortant, Plaut. Trin. 2, 4, 101; Ter. Ad. 4, 7, 10; and in the order: di vortant bene, Ter. Eun. 2, 3, 98; id. Hec. 1, 2, 121: utinam di faxint ut, ne, etc., Plaut. Am. 2, 1, 85; Ter. Heaut. 1, 1, 109; cf.: ita di deaeque faxint, id. Hec. 1, 2, 27: di faciant, ut, ne, etc., Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 35; 2, 5, 13: di prohibeant, Ter. And. 3, 3, 36; cf.: di averruncent, Att. ap. Cic. Att. 9, 2 A, 1; and: quod di omen avertant, the gods forbid, Cic. Phil. 3, 14, 35: di melius faciant, Plaut. Ps. 1, 3, 81; cf.: di melius duint, Ter. Ph. 5, 8, 16: di meliora ferant, Tib. 3, 4, 1: di meliora velint, Ov. M. 7, 37; also ellipt.: di meliora, God forbid! Cic. Phil. 8, 3, 9; id. de Sen. 14, 47; Liv; 39, 10 et saep.; and di melius, Ov. H. 3, 125; Sen. Ep. 98 med.: dent tibi di multa bona, Plaut. Poen. 1, 1, 80; cf. id. ib. 3, 3, 54; id. Trin. 5, 2, 28; Ter. Ad. 5, 9, 21: di te servassint, Plaut. As. 3, 3, 64; id. Trin. 2, 2, 103 et saep.: di me servatum volunt, Plaut. Men. 5, 9, 61; id. Trin. 4, 3, 69 et saep.: di te perduint (perdant), Plaut. As. 2, 4, 61; id. Ps. 4, 7, 129; Ter. Eun. 2, 3, 10 al.; cf.: di te eradicent, Ter. And. 4, 4, 22; id. Heaut. 3, 3, 28; and: di tibi male faciant, id. Phorm. 2, 3, 47; Cic. Fam. 11, 21 al.: di te ament (amabunt), as a form of greeting, God bless you! Plaut. Most. 1, 4, 27; 3, 2, 28; id. Men. 2, 2, 6 al.: ita me di ament (amabunt), so help me the gods! Plaut. Poen. 1, 3, 30; Ter. And. 5, 4, 44 et saep.; cf.: ita me di bene ament, id. Eun. 4, 1, 1; id. Phorm. 1, 3, 13: per deos immortales, by the immortal gods! Cic. Phil. 3, 14: per deos, id. Off. 2, 2 al.: cum dis volentibus, by the gods’ help, Enn. in Cic. Off. 1, 12, 38 (Ann. v. 207 ed. Vahl.); Plaut. Mil. 4, 8, 41; id. Pers. 3, 1, 4; cf.: dis volentibus, God willing, Sall. 3, 14, 19: si dis placet, if it please the gods, Plaut. Capt. 2, 3, 94; for which: si di volent, id. Poen. 4, 2, 88; more freq.: si dis placet, ironically or contemptuously, an’t please the gods; if you please; forsooth, Ter. Eun. 5, 3, 10; Cic. Pis. 16 fin.; Liv. 6, 40; 34, 32; Quint. 8, 3, 44; Flor. 3, 4, 1 al.: di hominesque, i. e. all the world, every body, Cic. Fam. 1, 9, 19; Sall. C. 15, 4; Liv. 3, 17; 3, 19 al.: dis hominibusque invitis, in spite of every body, Cic. Vatin. 16, 38; id. Q. Fr. 3, 2, 1.
    2. C. Esp.
      1. 1. In poets sometimes a goddess; cf. Gr. θεός: ducente deo (sc. Venere), Verg. A. 2, 632: audentes deus ipse juvat (sc. Fortuna), Ov. M. 10, 586; Macr. Sat. 3, 8; cf. of Aurora, Cat. ap. Cic. N. D. 1, 28 fin.; of Alecto, Verg. A. 7, 498 (but in all these passages, some regard deus as absol., = τὸ θεῖον, the divinity, Heyne ad Verg. A. 2, 632).
      2. 2. Of Bacchus, Verg. A. 9, 337; 1, 636.
    3. D. In eccl. Lat., esp. the God of the Hebrews and Christians, God: Deus summus, Lact. 1, 1: omnipotens, Vulg. Gen. 17, 1 et passim. Also of the Son of God, God the Son, Christ: Deus pater et Deus filius, Lact. 4, 29, 1; Vulg. Johan. 1, 1 al.
  2. II. Transf., of highly distinguished or fortunate persons: te in dicendo semper putavi deum, Cic. Or. 1, 23, 106; cf. id. ib. 2, 42, 179: facio te apud illum deum, Ter. Ad. 4, 1, 19: audiamus Platonem quasi quendam deum philosophorum, Cic. N. D. 2, 12; cf.: deus ille noster Plato, id. Att. 4, 16, 3: ubi nunc nobis deus ille magister, Eryx, Verg. A. 5, 392: deos quoniam propius contingis (i. e. Augustus and Maecenas), Hor. S. 2, 6, 52: deus sum, si hoc ita est, Ter. Hec. 5, 4, 3; cf.: sum deus, Plaut. Curc. 1, 3, 11; esp. of great patrons or protectors, a guardian god: Lentulus consul, parens deus, salus nostrae vitae, Cic. post Red. ad Quir. 5, 11: Lentulus, cujus pater deus ac parens nominis mei, id. Sest. 69, 144.
    Hence freq. in inscriptions and on coins of the period of the empire, as an epithet of the emperors: DEO AUG., Inscr. Orell. 609 et saep.; cf. Nem. Venat. 71; Calp. Ecl. 7.