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ănĭma, ae, f. (gen. animāï, Lucr. 1, 112; 3, 150 et saep.; cf. Neue, Formenl. I. p. 12; Lachm. ad Lucr. 1, 29; dat. and abl. plur. regul. animis, Cic. Fam. 14, 14; Lact. Inst. 6, 20, 19; 7, 2, 1; Arn. 2, 18; 2, 30; 2, 33; Aug. Civ. Dei, 13, 18; 13, 19; id. Ver. Relig. 22, 43: animabus, only in eccl. and later Lat., Vulg. Exod. 30, 12; ib. Psa. 77, 18; ib. Matt. 11, 29; ib. Heb. 13, 17 et saep.; Tert. adv. Marc. 4, 34; id. Anim. 33 al.; Aug. Civ. Dei, 19, 23; Prud. c. Symm. 1, 531; Aus. Rer. Odyss. 11; Serv. ad Verg. A. 6, 136 al.; Neue, Formenl. I. p. 29) [v. animus], pr. that which blows or breathes; hence,

  1. I. Lit., air, a current of air, a breeze, wind (mostly poet.): ne quid animae forte amittat dormiens, Plaut. Aul. 2, 4, 23 sq.: vela ventorum animae immittere, Att. ap. Non. p. 234, 9 (Trag. Rel. p. 137 Rib.): aurarum leves animae, Lucr. 5, 236: prece quaesit Ventorum pavidus paces animasque secundas, he anxiously implores a lull in the winds and a favoring breeze, id. 5, 1229: impellunt animae lintea, Hor. C. 4, 12, 2: Ne dubites quin haec animaï turbida sit vis, Lucr. 6, 693: Quantum ignes animaeque valent (of the wind in the workshop of Vulcan), Verg. A. 8, 403.
    Also of a flame of fire (blowing like the air): noctilucam tollo, ad focum fero, inflo; anima reviviscit, Varr. ap. Non. p. 234, 5.
  2. II. Transf.
    1. A. In gen., the air, as an element, like fire, water, and earth (mostly poet.): aqua, terra, anima et sol, Enn. ap. Varr. R. R. 1, 4, 1: qui quattuor ex rebus posse omnia rentur, Ex igni, terrā atque animā, procrescere et imbri, Lucr. 1, 715: ut, quem ad modum ignis animae, sic anima aquae, quodque anima aquae, id aqua terrae proportione redderet. Earum quattuor rerum etc., Cic. Tim. 5: utrum (animus) sit ignis, an anima, an sanguis, id. Ac. 2, 39, 124: si anima est (animus), fortasse dissipabitur, id. Tusc. 1, 1, 24; 1, 25, 6: si deus aut anima aut ignis est, idem est animus hominis, id. ib. 1, 26, 65: animus ex inflammatā animā constat, ut potissimum videri video Panaetio, id. ib. 1, 18, 42: Semina terrarumque animaeque, Verg. E. 6, 32.
    2. B. The air inhaled and exhaled, breath (concr.); while spiritus denotes orig. breathing (abstr.; very freq. in prose and poetry); cf. Cic. N. D. 2, 54, 136: excipiat animam eam, quae ducta sit spiritu, Plaut. As. 5, 2, 44: animam compressi, aurem admovi, Ter. Phorm. 5, 6, 28 Ruhnk.: animam recipe, take breath, id. Ad. 3, 2, 26: cum spiritus ejus (sc. Demosthenis) esset angustior, tantum continendā animā in dicendo est assecutus, ut, etc., Cic. de Or. 1, 61, 261: ne circuitus ipse verborum sit longior quam vires atque anima patiatur, id. ib. 3, 49, 191; 3, 46, 181; id. N. D. 2, 54, 136: fetida anima nasum oppugnat, Titin. ap. Non. p. 233, 5 (Com. Rel. p. 136 Rib.); Caecil. ib. 9: qui non modo animum integrum, sed ne animam quidem puram conservare potuisset, Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 58: animas et olentia Medi Ora fovent illo, with this the Medes correct their breath, etc., Verg. G. 2, 134: respiramen iterque Eripiunt animae, Ov. M. 12, 143; cf. id. F. 1, 425: animae gravitas, bad smell of the breath, Plin. 20, 9, 35, § 91; cf. id. 11, 37, 72, § 188; 22, 25, 64, § 132 al.: artavit clusitque animam, Luc. 4, 370; so Tac. A. 6, 50: spes illorum abominatio animae, Vulg. Job, 11, 20.
      Of breath exhaled: inspirant graves animas, Ov. M. 4, 498.
      Of the air breathed into a musical instrument, a breath of air, Varr. ap. Non. p. 233. 13.
      Since air is a necessary condition of life,
  3. C.
    1. 1. The vital principle, the breath of life: animus est, quo sapimus, anima, quā vivimus, Non. p. 426, 27 (hence anima denotes the animal principle of life, in distinction from animus, the spiritual, reasoning, willing principle; very freq. in Lucr. and class.): Mater est terra, ea parit corpus, animam aether adjugat, Pac. ap. Non. p. 75, 11 (Trag. Rel. p. 88 Rib.): tunc cum primis ratione sagaci, Unde anima atque animi constet natura, videndum, whence spring life and the nature of the mind, Lucr. 1, 131; 3, 158 sq.; so id. 3, 417 sq.; 3, 565; 3, 705; 2, 950; 4, 922; 4, 944; 4, 959; 6, 798; 6, 1223; 6, 1233 et saep.: deus totus est sensuus, totus visuus, totus audituus, totus animae, totus animi, totus sui, Plin. 2, 7, 5, § 14 Jan: quaedam (animantia) animum habent, quaedam tantum animam, Sen. Ep. 58: anima omnis carnis in sanguine est, Vulg. Lev. 17, 14 al.
      Hence,
      1. 2. In gen., life: cum anima corpus liquerit, Att. Trag. Rel. p. 214 Rib.: Animae pauxillulum in me habet, Naev. Com. Rel. p. 14 Rib.: Date ferrum, quī me animā privem, Enn. ap. Non. p. 474, 31 (Trag. Rel. p. 37 Rib.): me dicabo atque animam devōvo (i. e. devovero) hostibus, Att. ap. Non. p. 98, 12 (Trag. Rel. p. 283 Rib.): conficit animam vis volneris, Att. Trag. Rel. p. 209 Rib.: adimere animam, Plaut. Mil. 3, 1, 137; so id. Men. 5, 5, 7: exstinguere, Ter. Ad. 3, 2, 16: relinquere, id. ib. 3, 4, 52: edere, Cic. Sest. 38: de vestrā vitā, de conjugum vestrarum ac liberorum animā judicandum est, id. Cat. 4, 9, 18: si tibi omnia sua praeter animam tradidit, id. Rosc. Am. 50: libertas et anima nostra in dubio est, Sall. C. 52, 6: pauci, quibus relicta est anima, clausi in tenebris, etc., id. J. 14, 15; cf. retinere, id. ib. 31, 20: de manu viri et fratris ejus requiram animam hominis, Vulg. Gen. 9, 5; ib. Matt. 2, 20; ib. 1 Cor. 14, 7: animam agere, to give up the ghost, to die, Cic. Tusc. 1, 9, 19; so also efflare, to expire, id. ib.; id. Mil. 18 fin.; Suet. Aug. 99; so, exhalare, Ov. M. 15, 528; and, exspirare, id. ib. 5, 106 (cf. in Gr. θυμὸν ἀποπνέειν, ψυχὴν ἐκπνέειν, βίον ἀποψύχειν, etc.): deponere, Nep. Hann. 1, 3: ponere, Vulg. Joan. 10, 17; 13, 27: amittere, Lucr. 6, 1233: emittere, Nep. Epam. 9, 3 Br. (so in Gr. ἀφιέναι τὴν ψυχήν): proicere, Verg. A. 6, 436: purpuream vomit ille animam, said of a wounded man, id. ib. 9, 349.
        In Vulg. Matt. 16, 25 and 26, anima in v. 25 seems to pass to the higher meaning, soul, (cf. infra, II. D.) in v. 26, as ἡ ψυχή in the original also can do.
        Poet.: anima amphorae, the fumes of wine, Phaedr. 3, 1: Ni ego illi puteo, si occepso, animam omnem intertraxero, draw up all the life of that well, i. e. draw it dry, Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 41.
        Trop.: corpus imperii unius praesidis nutu, quasi animā et mente, regeretur, Flor. 4, 3: accentus quasi anima vocis est, Pompon. p. 67 Lind.
        Prov.: animam debere, to owe life itself, of one deeply in debt: quid si animam debet? Ter. Phorm. 4, 3, 56 (Graecum proverbium: καὶ αὐτὴν τὴν ψυχὴν ὀφείλει, Don.).
        Metaph., applied to plants and other things possessing organic life, Sen. Ep. 58; so Plin. 17, 21, 35, § 152; 31, 1, 1, § 3; 14, 1, 3, § 16 al.
      2. 3. Meton., a creature endowed with anima, a living being: ova parere solet genu’ pennis condecoratum, non animam, Enn. ap. Varr. L. L. 5, 10, 18: hi (deos) fibris animāque litant, Stat. Th. 2, 246; Vulg. Gen. 2, 7; ib. Josh. 11, 11; ib. Luc. 9, 56; ib. Act. 2, 43 et saep.: animae rationis expertes, Lact. 3, 8.
        So esp. of men (as we also say souls for persons; poet. or in post-Aug. prose): egregias animas, quae sanguine nobis Hanc patriam peperere suo, etc., Verg. A. 11, 24: animae quales nec candidiores, etc., Hor. S. 1, 5, 41; Luc. 5, 322: vos Treveri et ceterae servientium animae, ministering spirits, Tac. H. 4, 32.
        So in enumerations in eccl. Lat.: hos genuit Jacob sedecim animas, Vulg. Gen. 46, 18; 46, 22; ib. Act. 2, 41; 7, 14.
        Of slaves (eccl. Lat.): merces animarum hominum, Vulg. Apoc. 18, 13 (after the use of ἡ ψυχή and [??]).
        Hence, also, souls separated from the body, the shades of the Lower World, manes: Unde (ex Averno) animae excitantur, Enn. ap. Cic. Tusc. 1, 16, 37: tu pias laetis animas reponis Sedibus, Hor. C. 1, 10, 17; cf. id. S. 1, 8, 29: animamque sepulcro Condimus, Verg. A. 3, 67; Ov. M. 7, 612; so id. ib. 8, 488; 10, 41; 14, 411; 15, 158; Suet. Caes. 88; so, vita: tenuīs sine corpore vitas volitare, Verg. A. 6, 292.
        So in eccl. Lat. of departed spirits: timete eum, qui potest animam et corpus perdere in Gehennam, Vulg. Matt. 10, 28 bis: non derelinques animam meam in Inferno, ib. Act. 2, 27; ib. Apoc. 6, 9; 20, 4.
      3. 4. As expressive of love: vos, meae carissimae animae, my dearest souls, Cic. Fam. 14, 14; 14, 18: Pro quā non metuam mori, Si parcent animae fata superstiti, the dear surviving life, Hor. C. 3, 9, 12; cf.: animae dimidium meae, id. ib. 1, 3, 8: meae pars animae, id. ib. 2, 17, 5.
    2. D. Sometimes for animus, as the rational soul of man.
        1. a. The mind as the seat of thought (cf. animus, II. A.): anima rationis consiliique particeps, Cic. N.D.1, 31, 87: causa in animā sensuque meo penitus affixa atque insita, id. Verr. 2, 5, 53: ingenii facinora, sicut anima, immortalia sunt, Sall. J. 2, 2.
          So often in eccl. Lat.: ad te Domine, levavi animam meam, Vulg. Psa. 24, 1; 102, 1; 118, 129: magnificat anima mea Dominum, ib. Luc. 1, 46; ib. Act. 15, 24 al.
        2. b. As the seat of feeling (cf. animus, II. B.): sapimus animo, fruimur animā: sine animo anima est debilis, Att. ap. Non. p. 426, 29 (Trag. Rel. p. 175 Rib.): desiderat anima mea ad te, Deus, Vulg. Psa. 41, 2: tristis est anima mea, ib. Matt. 26, 38; ib. Joan. 10, 27 et saep.
    3. E. For consciousness (cf. animus, II. A. 3. and conscientia, II. A.): cum perhibetur animam liquisse, Lucr. 3, 598; in this phrase animus is more common.

ănĭmo, āvi, ātum, 1, v. a. and n. [anima and animus].

  1. I. Act.
    1. A. To fill with breath or air (cf. anima, I. and II.): duas tibias uno spiritu, to blow upon, App. Flor. 3, p. 341, 25: bucinas, Arn. 6, p. 196.
      More freq.,
    2. B. To quicken, animate (cf. anima, II. C.): quicquid est hoc, omnia animat, format, alit, auget, creat, Pac. ap. Cic. Div. 1, 57; Lucr. 2, 717: vitaliter esse animata, id. 5, 145: formare, figurare, colorare, animare, Cic. N. D. 1, 39, 110. stellae divinis animatae mentibus, id. Rep. 6, 15; Plin. 7, 15, 13, § 66.
    3. C. To endow with, to give, a particular temperament or disposition of mind (cf. animus, II. B. 1. b.): utcumque temperatus sit aër, ita pueros orientes animari atque formari, ex eoque ingenia, mores, animum fingi, Cic. Div. 2, 42, 89: Mattiaci ipso terrae suae solo ac caelo acrius animantur, i. e. ferociores redduntur, are rendered more spirited, * Tac. G. 29.
    4. D. In Ovid in a pregnant signif.: aliquid in aliquid animare, to transform a lifeless object to a living being, to change into by giving life (cf. anima, II. C. 3.): guttas animavit in angues, Ov. M. 4, 619: in Nymphas animatā classe marinas, id. ib. 14, 566.
    5. E. Trop., of colors, to enliven: si quid Apellei gaudent animāsse colores, Stat. S. 2, 2, 64.
      Of torches, to light or kindle: animare ad crimina taxos, Claud. Rapt. 3, 386.
      Sometimes = recreare, to refresh, revive: cibo potuque animavit, Hyg. Fab. 126: florem, Plin. 11, 23, 27, § 77; so Pall. 4, 10; or in gen., to encourage, help: ope animari, Cod. Th. 6, 4, 21, § 3: copiis, ib. 14, 4, 10, § 5.
      And with inf. = incitare, to move, incite to: Ut hortatu vestro Eustathius, quae de scommate paulo ante dixerit, animetur aperire, Macr. S. 7, 3.
      Hence, ănĭmātus, a, um, P. a.
        1. a. Animated (cf. anima, II. C.): virum virtute verā vivere animatum addecet, Enn. ap. Gell. 7, 17.
        2. b. (Acc. to C.) Brought or put into a particular frame of mind, disposed, inclined, minded, in some way (freq. and class.): hoc animo decet animatos esse amatores probos, Plaut. Men. 1, 3, 20: avi et atavi nostri, quom allium ac caepe eorum verba olerent, tamen optime animati erant, Varr. ap. Non. p. 201, 7 (where the play upon olere and animati is to be noticed): animatus melius quam paratus, better disposed than prepared, Cic. Fam. 6, 6: socii infirme animati, id. ib. 15, 1: sic animati esse debetis, ut si ille adesset, id. Phil. 9, 5: ut quem ad modum in se quisque, sic in amicum sit animatus, id. Am. 16, 57: insulas non nullas bene animatas confirmavit, well affected, Nep. Cim. 2, 4; Liv. 29, 17: male animatus erga principem exercitus, Suet. Vit. 7: circa aliquem, Just. 14, 1: hostili animo adversus rem publicam animatus, Dig. 48, 4, 1: animatus in necem alicujus, Macr S. 1, 11.
          In Plaut. with inf.: si quid animatus es facere, Truc. 5, 74.
        3. c. Endowed with courage, courageous, stouthearted (cf. animus, II. 2. a. and animosus; only in ante-class. poetry): milites armati atque animati probe, Plaut. Bacch. 4, 9, 18: cum animatus iero, satis armatus sum, Att. ap. Non. p. 233, 18: hostis animatus, id. ib. p. 233, 18.
          * Sup. Auct. Itin. Alex. 13.
          Adv. not used.
  2. II. Neutr., to be animate, living (cf. anima, II. C.); so only ănĭ-mans, antis (abl. com. animante, but animanti in Cic. Tim. 6; gen. plur. animantium in Cic., animantum in Lucr., Manil. 4, 374, and App. Mag. 64, p. 536),
        1. a. P. a., animate, living: quos (deos) Vitellius ne animantes quidem esse concedat, Cic. N. D. 3, 4, 11: mundum ipsum animantem sapientemque esse, id. ib. 1, 10, 23: animans composque rationis mundus est, id. ib. 2, 8, 22.
          Hence,
        2. b. Subst., any living, animate being; an animal (orig. in a wider sense than animal, since it included men, animals, and plants; but usu., like that word, for animals in opp. to men. The gender varies in the best class. writers between masc., fem., and neutr. When it designates man, it is masc.; brutes, com. fem.; in its widest sense, it is neutr.): sunt quaedam, quae animam habent, nec sunt animalia, etc., Sen. Ep. 58, 10 sq.; Lucr. 2, 669; 2, 943: genus omne animantum, id. 1, 4; so id. 1, 194; 1, 350; 1, 1033; 1, 1038; 2, 78; 2, 880; 2, 921; 2, 943; 2, 1063; 2, 1071; 3, 266; 3, 417; 3, 720; 5, 431; 5, 855; 5, 917: animantium genera quattuor, Cic. Tim. 10; 11 fin.: animantium aliae coriis tectae sunt, aliae villis vestitae, etc., id. N. D. 2, 47, 121: cum ceteras animantes abjecisset ad pastum, solum hominem erexit, id. Leg. 1, 9, 26: animantia, quae sunt nobis nota, id. Tim. 4.
          Of animals, living beings, as opp. to plants: Jam vero vites sic claviculis adminicula tamquam manibus adprehendunt atque ita se erigunt, ut animantes, Cic. N. D. 2, 47, 120.
          Of man: hic stilus haud petet ultro Quemquam animantem, * Hor. S. 2, 1, 40.
          Comp., sup., and adv. not used.