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hūmānus (old form: HEMONA humana et HEMONEM hominem dicebant, Paul. ex Fest. p. 100 Müll.; cf. homo init.), a, um, adj. [homo], of or belonging to man, human.

  1. I. In gen.: esse aliquem humana specie et figura, qui tantum immanitate bestias vicerit, ut, etc., Cic. Rosc. Am. 22, 63: simulacra, id. Rep. 3, 9: caput, a human head, Hor. A. P. 1; Flor. 1, 7, 8: succidiae, Cato ap. Gell. 13, 24, 12: Cyclopis venter … Carnibus humanis distentus, human flesh, Enn. ap. Prisc. p. 870 P. (Ann. v. 327 Vahl,): humana qui dape pavit equas, Ov. H. 9, 68: Athenas obsidione et fame ad humanos cibos compulit, Flor. 3, 5, 10: hostiae, human sacrifices, Cic. Font. 10 21; Tac. G. 9; Plin. 8, 22, 34, § 82; Flor. 1, 16, 7: lac, human milk, Plin. 28, 9, 33, § 123: nec distare humana carne suillam, Juv. 14, 98: carnibus humanis vesci, id. 15, 13: societas generis humani, of the human race, Cic. Lael. 5, 20; cf.: eos (deos) non curare opinor quid agat humanum genus, Enn. ap. Cic. Div. 2, 50, 104 (Trag. v. 354 Vahl.); v. genus: ubi remissa humana vita corpus requiescat malis, Enn. ap. Cic. Tusc. 1, 44, 107 (Trag. v. 416 ib.); cf.: humanae vitae varia reputantes mala, Poët. ap. Cic. Tusc. 1, 48, 115; and Cic. Rep. 6, 18; in the comp.: ergo hercules vita humanior sine sale non quit degere, Plin. 31, 7, 41, § 88: omnium divinarum humanarumque rerum, Cic. Lael. 6, 20; v. divinus: amor, id. ib. 21, 81: natura, id. Rep. 1, 14: virtus, id. ib. 1, 7 fin.: casus, id. Lael. 2, 7: cultus, id. de Or. 1, 8, 33: humanissima voluptas, id. Ac. 2, 41, 127: ignes, i. e. which men daily use, Plin. 2, 107, 111, § 239: dapes, i. e. human excrements, id. 17, 9, 6, § 51: memoria, Tac. A. 11, 14: ultra modum humanum, id. ib. 11, 21: humanum facinus factumst, customary, Plaut. Truc. 2, 1, 8: nec quisquam dixerit, in eo qui obdormivit, rem eum humanam et naturalem passum, Mos. et Rom. Coll. 12, 7, 7: major imago humana, of superhuman size, Juv. 13, 222: humanum sacrificium dicebant, quod mortui causa fiebat, Paul. ex Fest. p. 103 Müll.: scelus, committed against men, Liv. 3, 19 fin.; 29, 18 fin.: si quid mihi humanum contigerit, if any thing should happen to me, i. e. if I should die, Dig. 16, 3, 26 (for which, humanitus, q. v.): persuasit nox, amor, vinum, adulescentia: Humanum’st, Ter. Ad. 3, 4, 25: metum virgarum navarchus pretio redemit: humanum est; alius, ne condemnaretur, pecuniam dedit: usitatum est, Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 44, § 117; cf. Ter. Hec. 4, 1, 38; id. Ad. 3, 4, 25: humano quodam modo, Quint. 10, 3, 15: res humani juris, property (opp. res divini juris, things sacred or religious), Gai. Inst. 2, 2; 9 sqq.; 3, 97: ne vinum … esse sacrum incipiat et ex usibus eripiatur humanis, Arn. adv. Gent. 7, 31.
    As substt.
    1. A. hūmāni, ōrum, m., men, mortals, Lucr. 3, 80; 837: natura humanis omnia sunt paria, Varr. ap. Non. 81, 10.
    2. B. hūmānum, i, n., that which is human, mortal, etc.: ignem magnum hic faciam. Dae. Quine ut humanum exuras tibi? Plaut. Rud. 3, 4, 62: non hercle humanust ergo: nam volturio plus humani credost, id. Mil. 4, 2, 53: si quicquam in vobis non dico civilis sed humani esset, Liv. 5, 4, 9: pulcher et humano major trabeaque decorus Romulus, Ov. F. 2, 503 (but in Cic. Att. 13, 21, 5, homo is the true reading): homo sum: humani nihil a me alienum puto, Ter. Heaut. 1, 1, 25: Satyris praeter effigiem nihil humani, Mela, 1, 8, 10: si in Pompeio quid humani evenisset, Sall. H. Fragm. 5, 16 Dietsch.
    3. C. Plur.: hūmā-na, ōrum, n., human affairs, the concerns of men, events of life: qui omnia humana, quaecumque accidere possunt, tolerabilia ducat, Cic. Tusc. 5, 6, 17; cf.: despicientem omnia humana, id. Rep. 1, 17; and: haec caelestia semper spectato, illa humana contemnito, id. ib. 6, 19: si quicquam humanorum certi est, Liv. 5, 33, 1: deos esse et non neglegere humana, id. 3, 56, 7.
      Comp. (very rare): respiratio humanior, i. e. freer, Cael. Aur. Acut. 2, 1, 2.
  2. II. In partic.
    1. A. Humane, philanthropic, kind, gentle, obliging, polite (syn.: comis, urbanus): te esse humano ingenio existumo, Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 127: Cyrum minorem Persarum regem et ceteris in rebus communem erga Lysandrum atque humanum fuisse, Cic. de Sen. 17, 59; cf.: homo facillimus atque humanissimus, id. Att. 16, 16, C, 12: humani ingeni Mansuetique animi officia, Ter. And. 1, 1, 86; cf.: quod ipse moderatissimi atque humanissimi fuit sensus, Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 24, 5: Catonis (praeceptum) humanissimum utilissimumque, Plin. 18, 6, 8, § 44 (cf. Cato, R. R. 4).
    2. B. Of good education, well-informed, learned, polite, refined: gentem quidem nullam video neque tam humanam atque doctam neque tam immanem atque barbaram, quae non significari futura posse censeat, Civ. Div. 1, 1, 2; cf.: homo doctissimus atque humanissimus, id. Verr. 2, 4, 44, § 98: homines periti et humani, id. ib. 2, 5, 28, § 70: haec ego non possum dicere non esse hominis quamvis et belli et humani, id. Fin. 2, 31, 102: Praxiteles nemini est paulum modo humaniori ignotus, Varr. ap. Gell. 13, 16, 3 (eruditiori doctiorique, Gell.; see the entire chap.): humanissimussermo, Cic. Q. Fr. 2, 10, 2.
      Hence, adv. in two forms: hūmānē and hūmānĭter.
      1. 1. (Acc. to I.) Humanly, agreeably to human nature, in a manner becoming humanity.
          1. (α) Form humane: vix humane patitur, Ter. Ad. 1, 2, 65: intervalla vides humane commoda, i. e. exceedingly, charmingly commodious, Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 70: morbos toleranter atque humane ferunt, Cic. Tusc. 2, 27, 65.
          2. (β) Form humaniter: docebo profecto, quid sit humaniter vivere, Cic. Fam. 7, 1, 5: sin aliter acciderit, humaniter feremus, id. Att. 1, 2, 1.
        1. b. Comp.: si qui forte, cum se in luctu esse vellent, aliquid fecerunt humanius, aut si hilarius locuti sunt, Cic. Tusc. 3, 27, 64.
      2. 2. In partic. (acc. to II. A.), humanely, pleasantly, courteously, kindly, gently, politely, etc.
          1. (α) Form humane: Hirtium aliquid ad te συμπαθῶς de me scripsisse facile patior: fecit enim humane, Cic. Att. 12, 44, 1.
          2. (β) Form humaniter: invitus litteras tuas scinderem: ita sunt humaniter scriptae, Cic. Fragm. ap. Non. 509, 21: fecit humaniter Licinius, id. Q. Fr. 2, 1, 1.
        1. b. Sup.: quod se sua voluntate erga Caesarem humanissime diligentissimeque locutus esses, Cic. Q. Fr. 3, 1, 6, § 20: quam humanissime scribere, id. Fam. 2, 17, 6; 5, 20, 8; cf. Cic. Fil. ap. Cic. Fam. 16, 21, 3: ducem se itineris humanissime promisit, Petr. 8.