Lewis & Short

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incendĭum, ĭi, n. [incendo], a burning, fire, conflagration.

  1. I. Lit. (freq. and class.; equally common in sing. and plur.): incendium facere, to set fire to, Cic. Par. 4, 2, 31; Caes. B. G. 5, 19 fin.: excitare, restinguere, Cic. Mur. 25, 51 (v. under II.): in ipso urbis incendio, Caes. B. C. 1, 5, 3: frumentum flumine atque incendio corruperunt, id. B. G. 7, 55, 8: omnia incendiis vastare, Hirt. B. G. 8, 25, 1; cf.: nihil cogitant nisi caedes, nisi incendia, nisi rapinas, Cic. Cat. 2, 5, 10: si incendium in arce fuerit, Quint. 7, 7, 4: si janua tenebitur incendio, id. 2, 13, 16: cunctos qui proelio superfuerant, incendium hausit, Tac. H. 4, 60 fin.: neglecta solent incendia sumere vires, Hor. Ep. 1, 18, 85; cf. Verg. A. 5, 680: Aetna nocturnis mirus incendiis, Plin. 3, 8, 14, § 88: vivendum est illic, ubi nulla incendia, Juv. 3, 197: incendia praedandi causa facere, Paul. Sent. 5, 20, 1: fortuita incendia, id. ib. 5, 20, 3.
    1. B. Transf.
      1. 1. In gen., fire, burning, heat (poet. and in post-Aug. prose): siderum, Plin. 2, 68, 68, § 172: Auster Africae incendia cum serenitate affert, id. 18, 33, 76, § 329: stomachi, Lucr. 4, 872.
      2. 2. Concr., a firebrand, torch (poet.), Verg. A. 9, 71; Ov. M. 14, 539.
  2. II. Trop., fire, flame, heat, glow, vehemence (class.; a favorite trope of Cic.).
    1. A. In gen.: si quod esset in suas fortunas incendium excitatum, id se non aquā sed ruinā restincturum, Cic. Mur. 25, 51 fin.; cf. id. Rep. 1, 1: miseriarum, id. Tusc. 4, 32, 69: invidiae incendio conflagrare, id. Cat. 1, 11, 29: incendio alieni judicii conflagrare, Liv. 39, 6, 4: res cogit, huic tanto incendio succurrere omnes, qui, etc., Asin. Poll. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 33, 5: populare, Liv. 22, 40, 3: annonae, a raising of the price of corn, Manil. 4, 168; Ps.-Quint. Decl. 12, 4.
    2. B. Esp., the fire of passion: ita mihi in pectore atque in corde facit amor incendium, Plaut. Merc. 3, 4, 3: cupiditatum incendiis inflammatus, Cic. Fin. 5, 24, 70: restinctis jam animorum incendiis, id. Or. 8, 27: oratione concitare, id. de Or. 2, 47, 197: abstruso pectus ejus flagravit incendio (i. e. dolore), Vell. 2, 130, 4: militaris tumultus, id. 2, 125, 4: aliae Satyris incendia mitia praebent, enkindle, inflame, Ov. F. 1, 411: movere, id. A. A. 2, 301.

incendo, di, sum, 3 (archaic form of the perf. subj. incensit = incenderit, sicut incepsit = inceperit, Paul. ex Fest. p. 107 Müll.), v. a. [in-candeo; cf.: accendo and succendo], to set fire to, to kindle, burn (freq. and class.; syn. inflammare).

  1. I. Lit.: cupas taedā ac pice refertas incendunt, Caes. B. C. 2, 11, 2: tus et odores, Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 37, § 77; cf. odores, id. Tusc. 3, 18, 43: lychnos, Verg. A. 1, 727: oppida sua omnia, vicos, reliqua privata aedificia incendunt, Caes. B. G. 1, 5, 2: aedificia vicosque, id. ib. 6, 6, 1: tabularium, Cic. N. D. 3, 30, 74: Capitolium, Sall. C. 47, 2: naves omnes, Cic. Att. 9, 6, 3: tamquam ipse suas incenderit aedes, Juv. 3, 222: classem inflammari incendique jussit, id. Verr. 2, 5, 35, § 91: urbem, id. Cat. 3, 4, 10; cf. Liv. 9, 9, 6: quod primo incendendum Avaricum censuerat, Caes. B. G. 7, 3, 2: agros, Verg. G. 1, 84: vepres, id. ib. 1, 271: cum ipse circumsessus paene incenderere, wast consumed, Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 33, § 85.
    Absol.: nec incendit nisi ignis, Quint. 6, 2, 28.
    1. B. Transf.
      1. 1. To light up with fire, to make a fire upon: aras votis, i. e. in pursuance of vows, Verg. A. 3, 279: altaria, id. ib. 8, 285.
      2. 2. To heat, make hot: diem, Luc. 4, 68: igne et tenuibus lignis fornacem incendemus, will heat, warm, Col. 12, 19, 3.
      3. 3. To make bright or shining, to brighten, illumine: ejusdem (solis) incensa radiis luna, Cic. N. D. 1, 31, 87; Ov. P. 2, 1, 41: maculosus et auro Squamam incendebat fulgor, Verg. A. 5, 88: vivis digitos incendere gemmis, to make brilliant, i. e. to adorn, Stat. S. 2, 1, 134.
  2. II. Trop.
    1. A. To kindle, inflame, set on fire; to fire, rouse, incite, excite; to irritate, incense (esp. freq. in pass.): ut mihi non solum tu incendere judicem, sed ipse ardere videaris, Cic. de Or. 2, 45, 188: iidem hominem perustum etiamnum gloria volunt incendere, id. Fam. 13, 15, 2: me ita vel cepit vel incendit, ut cuperem, etc., id. ib. 5, 12, 1: aliquem morando, Sall. J. 25, 10: (aliquem) querelis, Verg. A. 4, 360: in minime gratum spectaculum animo incenduntur, Liv. 1, 25, 2: Tyndariden incendit amor, Val. Fl. 6, 207: plebem largiundo atque pollicitando, Sall. C. 38, 1: juventutem ad facinora, id. ib. 13, 4: bonorum animos, Cic. Att. 2, 16, 1: animum cupidum inopiā, Ter. Heaut. 2, 3, 126: cupiditatem alicujus, Cic. Fam. 15, 21, 1: odia improborum in nos, id. Att. 9, 1, 3: tum pudor incendit vires et conscia virtus, inflames, Verg. A. 5, 455: illam incendentem luctus, id. ib. 9, 500: clamore incendunt caelum, set on fire with, i. e. fill with, id. ib. 10, 895: regiam repentino luctu, Just. 38, 8 fin.: rabie jecur incendente feruntur Praecipites, Juv. 7, 648: quibus incendi jam frigidus, aevo Laomedontiades possit, id. 6, 325.
      In pass.: nimis sermone hujus irā incendor, Plaut. Ps. 1, 2, 66; id. As. 2, 4, 14; cf.: incendor irā, esse ausam facere haec te injussu meo, Ter. Hec. 4, 1, 47: hisce ego illam dictis ita tibi incensam dabo, ut, etc., id. Phorm. 5, 7, 81: amore sum incensus, Cic. Q. Fr. 3, 1, 5, § 18: (mulier) incensa odio pristino, id. Clu. 64, 181: incendor quotidie magis non desiderio solum sed etiam incredibili fama virtutum admirabilium, id. Or. 10, 33: incensus studio, id. Rosc. Am. 17, 48: iratus iste vehementer Sthenio et incensus hospitium renuntiat, id. Verr. 2, 2, 36, § 89: omnes incenduntur ad studia gloriā, id. Tusc. 1, 2, 4; cf. id. ib. 1, 19, 44: imperator incensus ad rem publicam bene gerendam, id. Prov. Cons. 14, 35: Caesar ab eo (Crasso) in me esset incensus, id. Fam. 1, 9, 9: nulla mens est tam ad comprehendendam vim oratoris parata, quae possit incendi, nisi inflammatus ipse ad eam et ardens accesseris, id. de Or. 2, 45, 190 fin.: inimicitiis incensa contentio, id. Opt. Gen. Or. 7, 22: incensus calcaribus equus, Hirt. B. G. 8, 48, 5.
      Absol.: loquarne? incendam; taceam? instigem, Ter. Phorm. 1, 4, 9: dumque petit petitur pariterque incendit et ardet, Ov. M. 3, 425.
    2. * B. To enhance, raise: annonam (the price of corn), to produce a dearness or scarcity (shortly before: excandefaciebant), Varr. R. R. 3, 2, 16 (cf. incendium, II. A.).
    3. C. To destroy, ruin, lay waste: si istuc conare … tuum incendes genus, Plaut. Trin. 3, 2, 49: campos, Stat. Th. 1, 631.
      Hence, incensus, a, um, P. a., inflamed, burning, hot: profuit incensos aestus avertere ( = vehementissimos ardores febris), Verg. G. 3, 469 Forbig. ad loc.
      In comp.: aether, Claud. Rapt. Pros. 3, 201.