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Arnŏbĭus, ii, m.

  1. I. An African Church father in the time of Diocletian, c. A. D. 295. His work, Adversus Gentes, is distinguished by strength and purity of diction; cf. Teuffel, Rom. Lit. § 639, 2.
  2. II. Arnŏbĭus (junior), ii, m., a theological author, c. A. D. 460, who wrote a Commentary on the Psalms; cf. Teuffel, Rom. Lit. § 462, 1.

consŭlo, lŭi, ltum, 3, v. n. and a. [from con and root sal-; cf. consul and consilium].

  1. I. To consider, reflect, deliberate, take counsel, reflect upon, consult.
    1. A. Neutr.
      1. 1. In gen.
          1. (α) Absol.: quid nunc? etiam consulis? do you still deliberate, i. e. hesitate? Plaut. Trin. 2, 4, 171; cf. id. Truc. 2, 4, 75 Speng.: ne quid in consulendo adversi eveniat, Cato ap. Gell. 7, 3, 14: consulto opus est, there is need of deliberation, Sall. C. 1, 6: dum tempus consulendi est, Ter. Hec. 5, 1, 19: satis facere consulentibus, Cic. Or. 42, 143: ut omnium rerum vobis ad consulendum potestas esset, Liv. 8, 13, 18: ut tot uno tempore motibus animi turbati trepidarent magis quam consulerent, id. 21, 16, 2: praesidium consulenti curiae, Hor. C. 2, 1, 14 et saep.
          2. (β) With in and acc.: consulere in longitudinem, to take thought for the future, Ter. Heaut. 5, 2, 10: in commune, for the common good, id. And. 3, 3, 16; Liv. 32, 21, 1; Tac. A. 12, 5; id. Agr. 12; Curt. 5, 9, 14; and in the same sense: in medium, Verg. A. 11, 335; Liv. 24, 22, 15; Tac. H. 2, 5; Luc. 5, 46: in unum, Tac. H. 1, 68; 4, 70: in publicum (opp. suscipere proprias simultates), Plin. Ep. 9, 13, 21; Tac. A. 1, 24.
          3. (γ) With de and abl.: bello confecto de Rhodiis consultum est, Sall. C. 51, 5; so, de communibus negotiis, id. J. 105, 1: de salute suorum, Cic. Sull. 22, 63: omnibus de rebus, Tac. A. 4, 40.
          4. (δ) With ut or ne: consulere vivi ac prospicere debemus, ut illorum (liberorum) solitudo munita sit, Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 58, § 153: tu ne qua manus se attollere nobis A tergo possit, custodi et consule longe, Verg. A. 9, 322.
            Impers.: ut urbi … satis esset praesidii, consultum atque provisum est, Cic. Cat. 2, 12, 26: ne deficerent, consulendum esse, Cels. 3, 4, 31.
      2. 2. Esp., consulere alicui or alicui rei, to take care for some person or thing, to be mindful of, take care of, look to, have regard for, to counsel or consult for: tuae rei bene consulere cupio, Plaut. Trin. 3, 2, 9: quid me fiat, parvi pendis, dum illi consulas, Ter. Heaut. 4, 3, 37: qui parti civium consulunt, partem neglegunt, Cic. Off. 1, 25, 85: consulere eorum commodis et utilitati salutique servire, id. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 9, § 27; so, famae, pudicitiae tuae, id. Phil. 2, 2, 3: dignitati meae, id. Fam. 11, 29, 1: suae vitae, Caes. B. G. 7, 12: receptui sibi, id. B. C. 3, 69: reipublicae juxta ac sibi, Sall. C. 37, 8; id. J. 58, 2; Hor. Ep. 1, 17, 1: timori magis quam religioni, Caes. B. C. 1, 67; cf.: magis irae quam famae, Sall. C. 51, 7: qui mi consultum optime velit esse, Ter. Phorm. 1, 3, 1: mi ires consultum male? to counsel evil or badly, Plaut. Bacch. 3, 6, 36; so, male patriae, Nep. Epam. 10, 1; id. Phoc. 2, 2.
        With si: melius consulet (sibi), si, etc., Cels. 1, 3, 55.
    2. B. Act.
      1. 1. Consulere aliquem (or aliquid), to consult with one, to ask his opinion or advice, to ask counsel of, to consult, question (for the sake of advice).
        1. a. In gen.: cum te consuluissem, quid mihi faciendum esse censeres, Cic. Fam. 11, 29, 1: te, qui philosophum audis, id. ib. 9, 26, 1: Apellem tragoedum, uter, etc., Suet. Calig. 33 al.
          Of inanim. objects: speculum suum, Ov. A. A. 3, 136; cf.: spectatas undas, quid se deceat, id. M. 4, 312: nares, an olerent aera Corinthōn, Mart. 9, 60, 11: diem de gemmis, etc., Ov. A. A. 1, 251 sq.: animum nostrum, Quint. 4, 2, 52: aures meas, id. 9, 4, 93: suas vires, id. 10, 2, 18 al.
          With two accs.: ibo et consulam hanc rem amicos, quid faciundum censeant, Plaut. Men. 4, 3, 26: nec te id consulo, Cic. Att. 7, 20, 2: consulere prudentiorem coepi aetates tabularum, Petr. 88.
          Freq.,
        2. b. Esp. as t. t.
          1. (α) In the lang. of religion, to consult a deity, an oracle, omens, etc.: Apollinem de re, Cic. Leg. 2, 16, 40: deum consuluit auguriis, quae suscipienda essent, Liv. 1, 20, 7: deos hominum fibris, Tac. A. 14, 30 fin.: Phoebi oracula, Ov. M. 3, 9; Suet. Vesp. 5: Tiresiam conjectorem, Plaut. Am. 5, 1, 76: haruspicem, Cic. Div. 2, 4, 11; Suet. Tib. 63; Cato, R. R. 5, 4: vates nunc extis, nunc per aves, Liv. 2, 42, 10: Cumaeam anum, Ov. F. 4, 158: avem primum visam augur, id. ib. 1, 180: spirantia exta, Verg. A. 4, 64; so, trepidantia exta, Ov. M. 15, 576: sacras sortes, id. ib. 11, 412: Etrusci haruspices male consulentes, Gell. 4, 5, 5.
            Pass. impers.: si publice consuletur … sin privatim, Tac. G. 10.
            With dependent question: senatus pontificum collegium consuli jussit, num omne id aurum in ludos consumi necessum esset, Liv. 39, 5, 9: consulti per ludibrium pontifices, an concepto necdum edito partu rite nuberet, Tac. A. 1, 10.
          2. (β) In judic. lang., to ask advice of a lawyer, to consult, etc.: quam inanes domus eorum omnium, qui de jure civili consuli solent, Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 46, § 120: consuli quidem te a Caesare scribis: sed ego tibi ab illo consuli mallem, id. Fam. 7, 11, 2: si jus consuleres, peritissimus, Liv. 39, 40, 6: munus hoc eorum qui consuluntur, i. e. who are skilled in the law, Cic. Leg. 1, 4, 14; so id. Quint. 16, 53.
            With dependent question: consulens eum, an seni jam testato suaderet ordinare suprema judicia, Quint. 6, 3, 92.
            The formula usual in asking advice was, licet consulere? Cic. Mur. 13, 28; cf. Hor. S. 2, 3, 192.
          3. (γ) In publicists’ lang., to take counsel with the competent authorities, to consult: Quirites, utrum, etc., Liv. 31, 7, 2; so, senatum, Sall. J. 28, 2: senatum de foedere, id. ib. 39, 2; 62, 10: populum de ejus morte, Cic. Mil. 7, 16: plebem in omnia (tribuni), Liv. 6, 39, 2 al.
      2. 2. Aliquid.
        1. a. To take counsel or deliberate upon something, to consider: est consulere quiddam quod tecum volo, Plaut. Most. 5, 1, 53; id. Pers. 5, 2, 63: rem delatam consulere ordine non licuit, Liv. 2, 28, 2; so, consulere et explorare rem, Cic. Att. 2, 16, 4: consulis rem nulli obscuram, Verg. A. 11, 344 al.: bis repulsi Galli quid agant consulunt, Caes. B. G. 7, 83.
        2. b. To advise something, to give advice: tun’ consulis quicquam? Ter. Ad. 1, 2, 47; id. Phorm. 1, 3, 22.
          Absol.: ab re consulit blandiloquentulus, advises to his hurt, Plaut. Trin. 2, 1, 17.
  2. II. Sometimes meton. (causa pro effectu).
    1. A. To take a resolution, resolve, conclude, determine.
      1. 1. Neutr.; constr. absol. or with de aliquo or in aliquem: de nullis quam de vobis infestius aut inimicius consuluerunt, Liv. 28, 29, 8; so, de perfugis gravius quam de fugitivis, id. 30, 43, 13: in humiliores libidinose crudeliterque consulebatur, id. 3, 36, 7; so, crudeliter in deditos victosque, id. 8, 13, 15; cf. Tac. Agr. 16.
      2. 2. Act.: quid in concilio consuluistis? Plaut. Bacch. 1, 1, 6: animum ego inducam tamen, ut illud, quod tuam in rem bene conducat, consulam, id. Cist. 3, 4: ne quid gravius de salute tuā consulas, Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 16, 1: pessime istuc in te atque in illum consulis, Ter. Heaut. 3, 1, 28: quae reges irā inpulsi male consuluerint, Sall. C. 51, 4: nisi quod de uxore potuit honestius consuli, id. J. 95, 3.
        Pass. impers.: aliter mihi de illis ac de me ipso consulendum est, Cic. Att. 7, 13, 3.
    2. B. With the access. idea of judging, in the connection boni, optimi aliquid consulere, to excuse, take in good part, interpret favorably; be contented, pleased, or satisfied with: sit consul a consulendo vel a judicando: nam et hoc consulere veteres vocaverunt, unde adhuc remanet illud Rogat boni consulas, id est bonum judices, Quint. 1, 6, 32; cf. Paul. ex Fest. p. 41, 8 Müll.: nemo hoc rex ausus est facere, eane fieri bonis, bono genere gnatis boni consulitis? Cato ap. Gell. 10, 3, 17: boni consulendum, Varr. L. L. 7, § 40 Müll.: tu haec quaeso consule missa boni, Ov. P. 3, 8, 24; cf. id. Tr. 4, 1, 106; so, nostrum laborem, Quint. 6, prooem. § 16; Plin. Ep. 7, 12, 3: hoc munus, Sen. Ben. 1, 1, 8; id. Prov. 2, 4; id. Ep. 9, 20; 17, 9; 88, 17: quaerebat argentum avaritia: boni consuluit interim invenisse minium, Plin. 33, prooem. 2, § 4; 8, 16, 17, § 44: boni et optimi consulere, App. M. 8, p. 205, 28.
      Hence,
      1. 1. consultus, a, um, P. a.
    1. A. Well considered or weighed, deliberated upon, maturely pondered: bene consultum consilium surripitur saepissume, si minus, etc., Plaut. Mil. 3, 1, 5 sq.: ipsi omnia, quorum negotium est, consulta ad nos et exquisita deferunt, Cic. de Or. 1, 58, 250: neque eam usquam invenio, neque quo eam, neque quā quaeram consultum’st, I know neither, etc., Plaut. Rud. 1, 4, 6: operā consultā, with mature reflection, Gell. 7 (6), 17, 3; in the same sense, consulto consilio, Paul. Sent. 1, 9, 6: consultius est huic poenalem quoque stipulationem subjungere, it is better. more advantageous, Dig. 2, 15, 15.
    2. B. (Acc. to I. B. 1.) Knowing, skilful, experienced, practised, esp. in law; skilled or learned in the law: non ille magis juris consultus quam justitiae fuit, Cic. Phil. 9, 5, 10: juris atque eloquentiae, Liv. 10, 22, 7: consultissimus vir omnis divini atque humani juris, id. 1, 18, 1; cf. Gell. 1, 13, 10: insanientis sapientiae, Hor. C. 1, 34, 3: universae disciplinae, Col. 11, 1, 12.
      Hence, subst.: consultus, i, m., a lawyer: tu consultus modo rusticus, Hor. S. 1, 1, 17; id. Ep 2, 2, 87; 2, 2, 159; Ov. A. A. 1, 83.
      Esp. with juris, often written as one word, jūrisconsultus, i, m., v. h. v.
      Absol.: ut natura non disciplinā consultus esse videatur, Cic. Caecin. 27, 78: consultorum alterum disertissimum, disertorum alterum consultissimum fuisse, id. Brut. 40, 148: consultiores sibimet videntur Deo, Tert. adv. Marc. 2, 2.
      1. 2. Subst.: consultum, i, n.
    1. A. (Acc. to I. B. 1. b.) A consultation, inquiry of a deity: Sostratus (sacerdos) ubi laeta et congruentia exta magnisque consultis annuere deam videt, etc., Tac. H. 2, 4.
    2. B. (Acc. to II.) A decree, decision, resolution, plan; so first, Senatus consultum, or in one word, Senatusconsul-tum, a decree of the Senate (most freq. in all periods; the senatus consulta were not, like the plebiscita, the supreme law of the republic; but under the emperors, all new laws took this form, v. esp. Sandars, Introd., Just. Inst. § 15; 1, 2, 5), Sall. C. 42, 3; Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 66, § 149: senatus consultum est quod senatus jubet atque constituit, nam cum auctus esset populus Romanus … aequum visum est senatum vice populi consuli, Just. Inst. 1, 2, 5; for which, consulta Patrum, Hor. Ep. 1, 16, 41.
      Of a decree of the Sicilian council: ne senatus consultum Siculi homines facere possent, Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 65, § 146.
      Also in other connections: facta et consulta fortium et sapientium, Cic. Leg. 1, 24, 62; cf.: facta consultaque Alexandri, Sall. H. 3, 7 Dietsch: consulta et decreta, id. J. 11, 5: consulta sese omnia cum illo integra habere, all objects of consultation, plans, id. ib. 108, 2; cf.: ab occultis cavendum hominibus consultisque, plans, Liv. 25, 16, 4; and: approbare collegam consulta, id. 10, 39, 10: dum consulta petis, responses, oracles, divinations, Verg. A. 6, 151: tua magna, decisions, id. ib. 11, 410; so, mollia, Tac. A. 1, 40: mala, id. ib. 6, 6: ex consulto factum, purposely, voluntarily, Auct. Her. 2, 30, 49.
      Hence, adv., considerately, deliberately, designedly, on purpose.
          1. (α) Form consultō (class. in prose and poetry): utrum perturbatione aliquā animi an consulto et cogitata fiat injuria, Cic. Off. 1, 8, 27; Plaut. Poen. 3, 5, 43; Cic. N. D. 1, 31, 85; id. Leg. 1, 8, 25; Caes. B. G. 5, 16; 5, 37; Sall. J. 60, 5; 64, 5; Quint. 8, 4, 19; Tac. A. 4, 16; Suet. Caes. 56; * Hor. S. 1, 10, 14 al.
          2. (β) Form consultē (mostly ante- and post-class.): qui consulte, docte atque astute cavet, Plaut. Rud. 4, 7, 14: caute atque consulte gesta, Liv. 22, 38, 11; Spart. Had. 2.
            Comp., Liv. 22, 24, 3; Tac. H. 2, 24.
            Sup., Capitol. Pert. 7.

Hĭbernĭa, ae, f. (= Ἰουερνία Ptol.), the island now called Ireland, Caes. B. G. 5, 13, 2; Plin. 4, 16, 30, § 103; Tac. Agr. 24.
Also called Iverna, ae, Mel. 3, 6, 6: Ju-verna, ae, Juv. 2, 160; and (acc. to the Gr. form Ἰέρνη Strab.) Ierna, ae, App. de Mundo, p. 60; and Iernē, ēs, Claud. Laud. Stil. 2, 251; IV. Cons. Hon. 33.

† hyoscyămus, i, m., = ὑοσκύαμος, the herb henbane, called also Apollinaris and altercum, Plin. 25, 4, 17, § 35; Cels. 5, 27, 14; Col. 6, 38, 3.
In a corrupted form: jusquiamus, i, m., Pall. 1, 35, 5; Veg. Vet. 2, 12, 5.

Ĭūlēus (Jūl-), v. Iulus.

† 1. ĭūlis, ĭdis, f., = ἰουλίς, a kind of rockfish, Plin. 32, 9, 31, § 94.

2. Iūlis, idis, f., = Ἰουλίς, a city in the island of Ceos, in which Simonides and Bacchylides were born, now Zea, Plin. 4, 12, 20, § 62; Val. Max. 2, 6, 8.

† 1. ĭūlus, i, m., = ἴουλος, the down or woolly part of many plants, a catkin, Plin. 16, 29, 52, § 120.

2. Iūlus (trisyl.) (Jūl-), i, m., = Ἴουλος.

  1. I. The son of Ascanius and grandson of Æneas, whom the gens Julia regarded as their ancestor, Verg. A. 1, 288; Ov. M. 14, 583; Juv. 8, 42.
    Hence,
    1. A. Ĭūlēus, (Jūl-), a, um, adj., named from Iulus, son of Æneas, Iulian: mons, i. e. Albanus, Mart. 13, 108, 2: Iūlēi avi, Ov. F. 4, 124.
    2. B. Originating from Julius Cæsar.
      1. 1. Relating to Cæsar and his family: Iuleae Calendae, the first of July, Ov. F. 6, 797: Iulea carina, the fleet of Augustus, Prop. 4 (5), 6, 17.
      2. 2. Imperial: oliva, the garland of olive boughs given by Domitian, Mart. 9, 36, 9: habenae, the imperial power, id. 9, 102, 15.
  2. II. Jūlus (dissyl.), prænomen of Antonius, son of the triumvir M. Antonius, Hor. C. 4, 2, 2.

1. jŭba, ae, f., the flowing hair on the neck of an animal, the mane.

  1. I. Lit.: equi, Cic. Div. 1, 33, 73: huic equus ille jubam quatiens, Cic. N. D. poet. 2, 43, 111: equorum jubae, Caes. B. G. 1, 48; Plin. 37, 10, 54, § 142: luduntque jubae per colla, per armos, Verg. A. 11, 497.
    1. B. Transf., the hair of the head, Sen. Brev. Vit. 12, 2; the hairy neck of dogs, Val. Fl. 6, 111; the crest of serpents, id. 8, 88; the crest of a helmet, Verg. A. 7, 785; the comb or tuft of feathers on the head of cocks and other birds, Col. 8, 2, 10; the tail of a comet, Plin. 2, 25, 22, § 89; the foliage of trees, id. 6, 22, 24, § 87: mullorum, the beards, Juv. 6, 40.
  2. * II. Trop., of the historic style of writing: hanc (orationem) saepius ossa, musculi, nervi: illam (historiam) tori quidam, et quasi jubae decent, Plin. Ep. 5, 8, 10.

2. Jŭba, ae, m., the name of two Numidian-kings.

  1. I. Juba I., king of Numidia and a part of Mauretania, who joined the party of Pompey, gained a victory over Cæsar’s legate Curio, and put an end to his own life after the battle of Thapsus, Hor. C. 1, 22, 15; Caes. B. C. 2, 25; Suet. Caes. 66; Auct. B. Afr. 25 and 43.
  2. II. Juba II., the son of the former, who, after his father’s death, was brought by Cæsar to Rome, where he received a liberal education, and won himself great reputation by his historical works and works on the history of art. He married the daughter of Antony and Cleopatra, and was afterwards reinstated in his paternal kingdom, Plin. 5, 1, 1, § 16; 6, 27, 31, § 139; Tac. A. 4, 5; 23; Suet. Calig. 26.

jŭbar, ăris (m.: albus jubar, Enn. ap. Prisc. p. 658 P.; Auct. Aetna, 332), n. [1. juba], the radiance of the heavenly bodies, light, splendor, brightness, sunshine.

  1. I. Lit.: it portis jubare exorto delecta juventus, Verg. A. 4, 130; cf.: jubar stella, quam Graeci appellant φωσφόρον vel ἕσπερον, Paul. ex Fest. p. 104 Müll.: quintus ab aequoreis nitidum jubar extulit undis Lucifer. Ov. F. 2, 149: jubar aureus extulerat sol, id. M. 7, 663; cf. Val. Fl. 4, 93; cf. of Aurora, Ov. F. 4, 944: hanc animam interea, caeso de corpore raptam, Fac jubar, make into a constellation, id. M. 15, 840.
  2. II. Transf., a splendid appearance, splendor, glory, radiance: non ille vultus flammeum intendens jubar, Sed fessus ac dejectus, Sen. Troad. 448: purpureum fundens Caesar ab ore jubar, Mart. 8, 65, 4.

jŭbātus, a, um, adj. [1. juba], having a mane or crest, crested: devolant angues jubati deorsum in inpluvium duo, Plaut. Am. 5, 1, 56: stella, Varr. L. L. 6, § 6 Müll.: anguis, Liv. 41, 21 fin.: cervix, id. 41, 21: leones, Plin. 8, 16, 20, § 53.

jŭbĕo, jussi, jussum (jusso for jussero, Verg. A. 11, 467; Sil. 12, 175: justi for jussisti, Ter. Eun. 5, 1, 15.
Inf.: jusse, Ter. Heaut. 5, 2, 48: jussitur for jubetur, Cato, R. R. 14), 2, v. a. [perh. = jus habere, to regard as right, hence], to order one to do something, to bid, tell, command (syn.: mando, impero, praecipio).

  1. I. In gen.: jubesne? jubeo, cogo atque impero, Ter. Eun. 2, 3, 97: ut justi (jussisti), Plaut. Men. 5, 9, 85: defessa jubendo, est saeva Jovis conjux, Ov. M. 9, 198: sic jubeo, stat pro ratione voluntas, Juv. 6, 223.
          1. (α) With an objectclause: jubeto, istos foras exire, Ter. Eun. 2, 3, 16: hae me litterae Dolabellae jubent ad pristinas cogitationes reverti, Cic. Att. 9, 13, 2: Perdicca pueros equos jussit conscendere, Curt. 10, 8, 4: eos suum adventum exspectare jussit, Caes. B. G. 1, 27 so with pass.: deos iratos Tarentinis relinqui jussit, Liv. 27, 16, 8.
          2. (β) With ut or ne: jubet sententiam ut dicat suam, Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 50: jubere ut haec quoque referret, etc., Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 12, § 28; Liv. 28, 36, 2; Curt. 8, 5, 38; 5, 13, 19; Suet. Tib. 22: jussitque ut quae venissent naves Euboeam peterent, Liv. 32, 16; Hor. S. 1, 4, 121.
            Esp. of decrees of the people: senatus decrevit populusque jussit, ut, etc., Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 67, § 161; id. Pis. 29, 72; id. Dom. 17, 44; Gell. 5, 19 (cf. II. B. infra): quod ne fieret, consules jusserunt, Hirt. B. G. 8, 52.
          3. (γ) With subj. alone (ante-class. and postAug., Madv. Gr. § 390): jube, mihi denuo respondeat, Ter. Eun. 4, 4, 24; Liv. 30, 19, 2; 24, 10, 4; cf. esp. Ter. Eun. 3, 27, 3 sq. Weissenb.; 28, 36, 2: rescribat multa jubeto, Ov. Am. 1, 11, 19; id. M. 8, 795: 11, 588 al.
          4. (δ) With dat. pers.: qui scribae … deos iratos Tarentinis relinqui jussit, Liv. 27, 16, 8: Hercules sacrorum custodibus jussit, ne mulierem interesse permitterent, Macr. S. 1, 12, 28: quibus jusserat, ut instantibus resisterent, Tac. A. 13, 40: Britannico jussit, exsurgeret, id. ib. 13, 15: suis rex cultu feminarum abstinere jussit, Curt. 5, 6, 8.
            (ε) With acc. pers. vel rei: jube famulos, rem divinam mihi apparent, Plaut. Stich. 2, 2, 71: litterae non quae te aliquid juberent, sed, etc., Cic. Fam. 13, 26: sed tu jussisses Eurysthea, Mart. 9, 66, 7: neque jubere caedem fratris palam audebat, Tac. A. 13, 15: Nero jussit scelera, id. Agr. 45.
            (ζ) With acc. rei and dat. pers.: tributum iis Drusus jusserat modicum, imposed, Tac. A. 4, 72; cf. II. B. 2. infra: pacem jubebo Omnibus, Stat. Th. 7, 32.
            (η) Pass.: quod jussi sunt faciunt, Caes. B. G. 3, 6: consules jubentur scribere exercitum, Liv. 3, 30: opto ut ea potissimum jubear, quae, etc., Plin. Ep. 9, 26: Germanos non juberi, non regi, Tac. H. 4, 76: jussi sunt aegri deferri, Suet. Tib. 11; cf.: locus lautiaque legatis praeberi jussa, Liv. 28, 39, 19.
  2. II. In partic.
    1. A. To wish, desire, entreat, bid: jubeto habere bonum animum, Plaut. Pers. 2, 5, 2: sperare nos amici jubent, Cic. Fam. 14, 1, 2: valde jubeo gaudere te, id. ib. 7, 2, 3: Caesar te sine cura esse jussit, id. Att. 12, 6, 3: Dionysium jube salvere, salute him for me, id. ib. 4, 14.
      So ellipt.: jubeo Chremetem, Ter. And. 3, 3, 1.
    2. B. In polit. lang.
      1. 1. To order, decree, ratify, approve the introduction of a proposed law: quae scisceret plebs aut quae populus juberet, Cic. Flac. 7, 15; Sall. J. 40, 3: legem populus Romanus jussit de civitate tribuenda, Cic. Balb. 17, 38: dicere apud populum de legibus jubendis aut vetandis, id. de Or. 1, 14, 60.
        Absol. with de: de omnibus his—populum jussisse, Liv. 38, 45.
      2. 2. To designate, appoint, assign: Tullum Hostilium regem populus jussit, Liv. 1, 22, 1 Weissenb.: id modo excepere ne postea eosdem tribunos juberent, id. 3, 30: quem vos imperatorem jussistis, Sall. J. 85, 11: postquam ei provinciam Numidiam populus jussit, allotted, id. ib. 84, 1.
      3. 3. Hence the formula, Velitis, jubeatis, with which the magistrates called upon the people to confirm any thing proposed to them: rogationem promulgavit: vellent, juberent Philippo regi bellum indici, Liv. 31, 6.
    3. C. Med. t. t., to prescribe, order: quod jussi ei dari bibere, date, Ter. And. 3, 2, 4; Petr. 56, 3: aegrotus, qui jussus sit vinum sumere, Cic. N. D. 3, 31, 78.
    4. D. Transf.: qui modo, si volucres habuissem regna jubentes, In populo potui maximus esse meo, Ov. F. 5, 461.

Jŭberna, v. Juverna.

jūbĭlaeus (jūbĕlaeus; jŭb-, incorrectly), i, m. [ἰωβηλαῖος; Hebr. jōbēl], the year of jubilee among the Jews, in which all slaves were set free and all lands reverted to their former possessors; it took place every fifty years: quinquagesimus annus Cum Jubilaeus adest, Arat. Act. Apost. 2, 677; Hier. in Isa. 16, 58, 6 sq.

jūbĭlātĭo, ōnis, f. [jubilo], a shouting, App. M. 8, p. 209, 11.

‡ jūbĭlātus, ὀλολυγμός, κραυγὴ ἀγροίκων, Gloss. Philox.

jūbĭlo, āvi, ātum, 1, v. n. and a. [jubilum], to shout, to raise a shout of joy: quiritare, jubilare, Varr. L. L. 6, § 68 Müll.: aliquem, to call out to a person: io buccol quis me jubilat? Poet. ib.: jubilate Deo, Vulg. Psa. 99, 4: in conspectu regis Domini, id. ib. 99, 6.

jūbĭlum, i, n., a wild cry, shout, shepherd’s song: audivit jubila Cyclops, Sil. 14, 475: montana jubila, Calp. Ecl. 1, 80.

jūcundē, adv., v. jucundus fin.

jūcundĭtas, ātis, f. [jucundus], agreeableness, pleasantness, delight, enjoyment (class.): corporis morbis vitae jucunditas impeditur, Cic. Fin. 1, 18, 59: agri, id. Agr. 2, 29, 79: epistola plena jucunditatis, id. Q. Fr. 2, 10, 2; with delectatio, id. de Or. 3, 38, 155: dare se jucunditati, to give one’s self up to enjoyment, id. Off. 1, 34, 122: vitae, id. ib. 1, 3: jucunditate perfundi, id. Fin. 2, 3, 6: ea est in homine jucunditas, ut, cheerfulness, liveliness, id. de Or. 1, 7, 27.
Plur.: nihil mihi ex plurimis tuis jucunditatibus gratius accidit, quam, etc., good offices, favors, Cic. Att. 10, 8, 9.

jūcundo, āre, v. a. [jucundus], to please, delight; mid., jucundari, to feel delighted, take delight (post-class.): consolationes Dei jucundant animam, Aug. de Gen. ad Litt. 12, 34; ex Psa. 94, 19: quotidie autem jucundabar ante faciem ejus, Lact. 4, 6; ex Prov. 8, 30; Vulg. Apoc. 11, 10 al.

jūcundus (jōcundus), a, um, adj. [jocus], pleasant, agreeable, delightful, pleasing (syn.: gratus, blandus; class.): est mihi jucunda in malis et grata in dolore vestra erga me voluntas, Cic. Cat. 4, 1, 1: comes, id. ib. 4, 6, 11: id vero militibus fuit pergratum et jucundum, Caes. B. C. 1, 86: verba ad audiendum, Cic. de Or. 1, 49, 213: jucunda captat praemia, Hor. Epod. 2, 36: sine amore jocisque nil est jucundum, id. Ep. 1, 6, 66; id. S. 2, 6, 62: Crispi jucunda senectus (i. e. senex jucundus), Juv. 4, 81: aqua potui jucunda, Plin. 6, 32, 37, § 203: agri, Cic. Agr. 2, 16, 40.
Absol.: pro jucundis aptissima quaeque dabunt di, Juv. 10, 349.
Comp.: officia jucundiora, Cic. Fam. 4, 6, 1: bonum jucundius vita, Juv. 13, 180.
Sup.: jucundissimi ludi, Plaut. Poen. 1, 1, 78: conspectus vester est mihi multo jucundissimus, Cic. de Imp. Pomp 1, 1.
Adv.: jūcundē, agreeably, delight fully: vivere, Cic. Cael. 6, 13: cantare et psallere, Suet. Tit. 3: herba jucunde olet, Plin. 20, 17, 69, § 177.
Comp.: bibere jucundius, Cic. Tusc. 5, 34, 97: vivere, id. Fin. 1, 21, 72; 1, 18, 57.
Sup.: vivere, Cic. Fin. 2, 22, 70: loqui, Val. Max. 7, 2, 8 ext.; 6, 2, 11 ext.

Jūda, v. Judas.

Jūdaea (post-Aug.; in inscrr. and coins IVDEA, Cohen, Descr. Hist. Monn. 1, 310 sqq.), ae, f., = Ἰουδαία,

  1. I. the country of the Jews, Judea, Palestine, Plin. 5, 14, 15, § 70; Suet. Tit. 4; Tac. H. 2, 79; 5, 9.
  2. II. Derivv.
    1. A. Jū-daeus, a, um, adj., = Ἰουδαῖος, of or belonging to Judea, Jewish: gens, Plin. 13, 4, 9, § 46: sacra, id. 31, 8, 44, § 95.
      Subst.: Jūdaei, ōrum, m., the Jews, Tac. H. 5, 2 sq.; 12, 23; Just. 36, 2; Hor. S. 1, 5, 100; Juv. 6, 547; 3, 18.
      Jūdaea, ae, f., a Jewess, Juv. 6, 543.
    2. B. Jūdăïcus, a, um, adj., Jewish: aurum, Cic. Fl. 28: superstitio, Quint. 3, 7, 21: jus, Juv. 14, 101: bellum, Tac. H. 2, 4: victoria, over the Jews, id. ib. 2, 78: exercitus, i. e. in Judea, id. ib. 2, 79: panis, unleavened, id. ib. 5, 4.
      Adv.: Jūdăĭcē, in the Jewish manner, superstitiously, Cod. Just. 1, 1; Vulg. 2 Reg. 18, 26.
      In the Hebrew language: exclamare, Vulg. 4 Reg. 18, 28.

Jūdăismus, i, m., Judaism (eccl. Lat.), Tert. adv. Marc. 1, 20.

Jūdăīzo, 1, v. n., to live in the Jewish manner, Vulg. Gal. 2, 14.

Jūdas, ae, or Jūda, indecl. m., = Ἰούδας.

  1. I. Judah, son of Jacob and patriarch of one of the tribes of Israel: istae sunt familiae Juda, Vulg. Num. 1, 26: dixit Judas fratribus suis, id. Gen. 37, 26.
    1. B. Transf., the tribe of Judah, descendants of Judah: in diebus illis salvabitur Juda, Vulg. Jer. 23, 6.
      Of the land inhabited by the tribe, Vulg. Judic. 10, 9 al.
  2. II. Jude or Judas, one of Christ’s apostles, Vulg. Jud. 1, 1; id. Matt. 13, 55.
  3. III. Judas Iscariot, Sedul. Carm. 5, 38; Vulg. Matt. 10, 4; Juvenc. 4, 428.
  4. IV. Judas Machabæus, Vulg. Macc. 2, 4 et saep.

jūdex, ĭcis, com. (f.: et sumus, ut fateor, tam saevā judice sontes, Luc. 10, 368; cf. 227; Ov. M. 2, 428; 8, 24; Cic. Ac. 2, 28, 91; Petr. poët. 122, v. 174 al.) [jus-, 2. dico], a judge (class.).

  1. I. Lit.: judex, quod judicat acceptā potestate, Varr. L. L. 6, § 61 Müll.: verissimus judex, Cic. Rosc. Am. 30, 84: nequam et levis, id. Verr. 2, 2, 12, § 30: sanctissimus et justissimus plurimarum rerum, id. Planc. 13, 32: severissimi atque integerrimi, id. Verr. 1, 10, 30: apud judices causam agere, id. de Or. 2, 48, 199: habere aliquem judicem de re quapiam, id. Caecin. 17, 48: sedere judicem in aliquem, id. Clu. 38, 105: esse judicem de re pecuniaria, id. ib. 43, 120: aequum se judicem rei alicui praebere, id. Fam. 5, 2, 10: judici litem committere, Petr. 80: judicem ferre alicui, to offer or propose a judge to any one, which was done by the plaintiff: ni ita esset, multi privatim ferebant Volscio judicem, Liv. 3, 24: cum ei M. Flaccus, multis probris objectis, P. Mucium judicem tulisset, Cic. de Or. 2, 70, 285: judicem dicere, to name a judge, which was done by a defendant who was willing to submit the cause to a trial, Liv. 3, 56: dare judicem, to grant a judge, this was done by the prætor, who proposed the judges from whom the parties made their selection, Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 12, § 30; Plin. Ep. 2, 11, 5; Dig. 4, 4, 18: judices petere, to solicit judges, i. e. to ask that the cause be tried, not before the Senate, but before the ordinary judges, Plin. Ep. 2, 11, 2.
    Sometimes judex stands for consul: omnes Quirites, ite ad conventionem huc ad judices, Varr. L. L. 6, § 88 Müll.
  2. II. Trop., a judge, decider, umpire in any matter: cape, opsecro hercle, una cum eo judicem, Plaut. Most. 3, 1, 30, Lorenz ad loc.: aequissimus eorum studiorum existimator et judex, Cic. Fin. 3, 2, 6: non ego Daphnim Judice te metuam, Verg. E. 2, 27; cf.: judice me, in my judgment, Juv. 8, 188: se judice, id. 13, 3: judice te non sordidus auctor, Hor. C. 1, 28, 14: grammatici certant et adhuc sub judice lis est, id. A. P. 78: bonus atque fidus, id. C. 4, 9, 41: sermonum candide, id. Ep. 1, 4, 1: judex morum, i. e. a censor, Juv. 4, 12.

jūdĭcābĭlis, e, adj. [judico], that may be judged of (post-class.), Mart. Cap. 5, § 461; also judicial, befitting a judge: judicabili vigore et censoria auctoritate, Ambros. in Psa. 37.

jūdĭcātĭo, ōnis, f. [judico].

  1. I. A judging, investigating (class.): longi subsellii, Cic. Fam. 3, 9, 2; hence, an inquiry into an accusation, a judicial examination of a cause, id. Inv. 1, 13, 18: consilium est ratio quaedam habens in se et inventionem et judicationem, Quint. 6, 5, 3.
  2. II. In gen., a judgment, opinion, Cic. Tusc. 4, 11, 26: arbitralis, Macr. S. 7, 1, 7: poetarum et carminum, a critical estimate, Mart. Cap. 4, § 338.

jūdĭcātō, adv., v. judico, P. a. fin.

‡ jūdĭcātōrĭum, δικαστήριον, Gloss. Philox.

jūdĭcātōrĭus, a, um, adj. [judicator], of or pertaining to a judge, judicial (eccl. Lat.): rigor, Aug. Ep. 54.

jūdĭcātrix, īcis, f. [judicator], she that judges or decides (post-Aug.): ars inventrix, et judicatrix, Quint. 2, 15, 21.

jūdĭcātum, i, n., v. judico, P. a.

1. jūdĭcātus, a, um, Part. and P. a., v. judico fin.

2. jūdĭcātus, ūs, m. [judico], a judgeship, the office of a judge (rare but class.): isti ordini judicatus lege Julia non patebit, Cic. Phil. 1, 8, 20: judicatu illo solvi, Gell. 14, 2, 25.

jūdĭcĭālis, e, adj. [judicium], of or belonging to the courts of justice, judicial: jus, Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 47, § 103: annus, i. e. the year in which Pompey altered the form of trials, id. Brut. 69, 243: molestia, id. Att. 13, 6, 3: genus, rhetorical speeches containing an accusation or a defence, id. Inv. 1, 5, 7: porta judicialis, where justice is administered, Vulg. 2 Esdr. 3, 31.
Adv.: jūdĭ-cĭālĭter, judicially (post-class.), Sid. Ep. 5, 156.

jūdĭcĭārĭus, a, um, adj. [judicium], of or belonging to the courts, judiciary (class.): lex, Cic. Pis. 39, 94: quaestus, id. Clu. 26, 72: controversia, id. Verr. 2, 1, 2, § 5: leges, Suet. Aug. 56: Lex Julia judiciaria, Gai. Inst. 4, 104.

jūdĭcĭŏlum, i, n. dim. [judicium], a weak or feeble judgment (post-class.): juste, an secus, non judicioli est nostri, Amm. 27, 11, 1; 28, 4, 14.

jūdĭcĭum, ii, n. [judex], a judgment, i. e. a judicial investigation, trial; a judicial sentence (class.).

  1. I. Lit.: omnia judicia aut distrahendarum controversiarum aut puniendorum maleficiorum causā reperta sunt, Cic. Caecin. 2: dignitatis meae, concerning, id. Brut. 1, 1: praetor judicium prius de probro, quam de re fieri maluit, id. Quint. 2: de alicujus meritis judicia facere, id. Or. 41, 140: de mea fide, id. Fam. 11, 29, 2: de se, Caes. B. G. 1, 41, 2: inter sicarios, for assassination, Cic. Rosc. Am. 5, 11: adducere causam aliquam in judicium, id. Opt. Gen. Or. 7, 18: judicio aliquid defendere, id. Quint. 20, 62: agere, to settle a dispute, Plin. 9, 35, 58, § 120: ferre, to give his vote; of a judge (different from sententiam ferre, to pass sentence), Cic. Tog. Cand. p. 525 Orell.: exercere, id. Q. Fr. 2, 16, 3: vocare aliquem in judicium, to summon before court, id. Balb. 28, 64: judicio quempiam arcessere, to sue, id. Fl. 6, 14: sistere in judicium, to set before the court, Dig. 2, 5, 4: dare, to allow, grant a trial, of the prætor who proposes the judges: in Lurconis libertum judicium ex edicto dedit, Cic. Fl. 35, 88: judicium accipere, suscipere, to undertake a legal trial, id. Quint. 20, 62; Dig. 5, 3, 7: pati, to submit to, Cic. Quint. 20, 63: damnatus inani judicio Marius, Juv. 1, 48.
  2. II. Transf.
    1. A. A court of justice: at ille in judicium venit, Nep. Ep. 8: judicium clauserat militibus armatis, Quint. 4, 2, 25.
    2. B. Beyond the legal sphere, a judgment, decision, opinion with regard to any thing: meum semper judicium fuit, omnia nostros invenisse per se sapientius quam, etc., Cic. Tusc. 1, 1, 1: decima legio per tribunos militum ei gratias egit, quod de se optimum judicium fecisset, Caes. B. G. 1, 41: judicium facere, quanti quisque sibi faciendus esset, to judge, decide, Cic. Fam. 13, 29, 1: meo judicio, in my judgment, according to my opinion, id. Brut. 8, 32; Quint. 9, 3, 59: ex alicujus judicio, Cic. Rosc. Am. 37, 108: de quo homine vos tanta et tam praeclara judicia fecistis, i. e. by conferring honors on him, id. de Imp. Pomp. 15, 43.
    3. C. The power of judging, judgment, discernment: studio optimo, judicio minus firmo praeditus, Cic. Or. 7, 24; id. Fam. 9, 6, 4: intellegens, id. Opt. Gen. Or. 4, 11: subtile, Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 242: si quid mei judicii est, if I can judge of it, Cic. Fin. 2, 12, 36: videor id judicio facere, i. e. with discretion, good judgment, id. Q. Fr. 3, 1, 5, § 18; so Caes. B. G. 5, 27; Cic. Div. 2, 13, 30 dub.: adhibere, Tac. H. 1, 83: acri judicio perpendere aliquid, Lucr. 2, 1042.
    4. D. Judicial harangues, speeches in court: illa mala judicia, Quint. 10, 1, 70.

jūdĭco, āvi, ātum, 1 (judicassit for judicaverit, Cic. Leg. 3, 3, 6), v. a. [judex], to examine judicially, to judge, be a judge, pass judgment, decide (syn.: judicium facio, reddo; class.).

  1. I. Lit.: si recte et ordine judicaris, Cic. Rosc. Am. 48, 138: cum magistratus judicassit, id. Leg. 3, 3, 6: ordo alius ad res judicandas postulatur, id. Div. in Caecil. 3, 8: aliquid contra aliquem, id. Fl. 4, 11: judicare, deberi viro dotem, id. Caecin. 25 fin.: homo in rebus judicandis spectatus et cognitus, id. Verr. 1, 10, 29: judicantem vidimus Aeacum, Hor. C. 2, 13, 22: ad judicandum evocari, Suet. Galb. 14: ne aut spoliaret fama probatum virum, si contra judicavisset, Cic. Off. 3, 19, 77: de bene meritis civibus potestas judicandi, id. Mil. 2, 4: res, id. Phil. 1, 8, 20; id. Verr. 2, 2, 31, § 76: ex aequo et bono, id. Caecin. 23, 63: mihi tris hodie litis judicandas dicito, Plaut. Merc. 2, 2, 10.
    With kindred acc.: inclytum judicium, Poët. ap. Cic. Div. 1, 50, 114.
    Esp.,
    1. B. To condemn = damnare; quo jam diu sum judicatus, Plaut. Men. 1, 1, 20: judicati atque addicti, Liv. 6, 34, 2; 6, 14, 10: judicatum pecuniae, id. 6, 14, 3: quoad vel capitis vel pecuniae judicasset privato, id. 26, 3, 8: quique judicati pecuniae in vinculis essent, id. 23, 14, 3: judicare aliquem pecuniae, to fine, Gell. 20, 1, 47: alicui perduellionem judicare, Liv. 1, 26.
  2. II. Transf. beyond the legal sphere.
    1. A. To judge, judge of a thing: aliquid oculorum fallacissimo sensu, Cic. Div. 2, 43, 91: quod egomet multis argumentis jam antea judicāram, id. Fam. 3, 4, 1: sic statuo et judico, neminem, etc., id. de Or. 2, 28, 22.
    2. B. To declare, proclaim a person to be any thing: judicetur non verbo sed re, non modo non consul, sed etiam, hostis Antonius, Cic. Phil. 3, 6, 14: Deiotarum unum fidelem populo Romano, id. ib. 11, 13, 34: cujus rei exemplum pulcherrimum judicarem, Caes. B. G. 7, 77.
    3. C. To determine, resolve, conclude: de itinere ipsos brevi tempore judicaturos, Caes. B. G. 1, 40.
    4. D. To adjudge, make over to a person: nam ego ad Menaechmum nunc eo, cui jam diu Sum judicatus (al. quo), Plaut. Men. 1, 1, 20: judicata pecunia, Val. Max. 4, 1, 8.
      Hence, jūdĭ-cātus, a, um, P. a., decided, determined: mihi judicatum est deponere illam personam, I am determined, Cic. Fam. 7, 33, 2: res judicata, a decided matter taken as a precedent for other cases, id. Top. 5, 28; Quint. 5, 2, 1: infirmatio rerum judicatarum, Cic. Agr. 2, 3, 8.
      Also, sentenced, condemned: judicatum duci, Cic. de Or. 2, 63.
      Hence, subst.: jūdĭcātum, i, n., a matter judged or decided; a decision, judgment, precedent, authority: judicatum est id, de quo sententia lata est, aut decretum interpositum, Auct. Her. 2, 13, 19: judicatum est, de quo ante jam sententia alicujus … constitutum est, Cic. Inv. 2, 22, 68; id. Flac. 20, 48: quamvis postea judicatum fiat, tamen actio data non intercidit, Dig. 27, 3, 21.
    5. B. An award, a fine: solvere, Cic. Quint. 13, 44; 7, 29.
      Adv.: jūdĭcātō, deliberately (post-class.), Gell. 14, 1.

jŭgābĭlis, e, adj. [jugo], that may be joined together (post-class.): competentia, Macr. Somn. Scip. 1, 6, 24.

jŭgālis, e, adj. [jugum], of or belonging to a yoke, yoked together.

  1. I. Lit.: equi jumentaque, Curt. 9, 10, 22: equi et currus jugalis, Macr. S. 5, 17, 2.
    Subst.: jŭgāles, a team: gemini, Verg. A. 7, 280.
  2. II. Transf.
    1. A. ŎS, a bone above the ear, near the temple, Cels. 8, 1.
    2. B. Fastened to the loom: tela, Cato, R. R. 10, 5.
    3. C. Matrimonial, nuptial: ne cui me vinclo vellem sociare jugali, Verg. A. 4, 16: lectus, id. ib. 4, 496: foedus, Val. Fl. 8, 222: dona, Ov. M. 3, 309: amor, Sen. Agm. 239: anni, Mart. 10, 38.
      Subst.: jŭgālis, a husband, spouse, Ven. Carm. 6, 2, 76.

jŭgālĭtas, ātis, f. [jugalis], union (postclass.), Fulg. Myth. 1, 15.

jŭgāmento, jŭgāmentum, v. jugumento, etc.

jŭgārĭus, a, um, adj. [jugum],

  1. I. yoked together, Hyg. Fab. 183: Vicus Jugarius, a place in Rome where stood an altar to the foundress of marriage, Liv. 35, 21, 6; 27, 37, 13.
  2. II. Subst.: jŭgārĭus, ii, m., an ox-herd, Col. 1, 6, 6.

Jŭgātīnus, i, m. [jugo], the god of marriage, Aug. Civ. Dei, 6, 9.

jŭgātĭo, ōnis, f. [jugo],

  1. I. a binding (e. g. of a vine) to rails, Varr. R. R. 1, 8; Cic. de Sen. 15, 53.
  2. II. A kind of land-measure, Cod. Th. 10, 48, 1.

jŭgātor, ōris, m. [jugo], one who yokes (post-class.): boum, Arn. 5, 174.

jūge, adv., v. 2. jugis fin.

jūgĕrālis, e, adj. [jugerum], of or belonging to an acre, acre- (post-class.): tabula, Pall. 3, 9, 9.

jŭgĕrātim, adv. [jugerum], per acre (postAug.), Col. 3, 3, 3.

jūgĕrātĭo, ōnis, f. [jugerum].

  1. I. A dividing of land into acres, Front. Col. p. 146.
  2. II. A measure of land, Cod. Th. 12, 1, 33.

jūgĕrum, i (in sing. acc. to the second, in plur. mostly acc. to the third declension; gen. plur. always jugerum; cf. Lachm. in Rhein. Mus. 1845, pp. 609-612), n., an acre, or rather juger of land, measuring 28,800 square feet, or 240 feet in length by 120 in breadth (whereas the English acre measures 43,560 square feet): in Hispania ulteriore metiuntur jugis, in Campania versibus, apud nos in agro Romano ac Latino jugeris, Varr. R. R. 1, 10: ex jugero decumano, Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 47, § 113: is partes fecit in ripa, nescio quotenorum jugerum, id. Att. 12, 33: donare clientem Jugeribus paucis, Juv. 9, 60; 14, 163.

jūgĭflŭus, a, um, adj. [2. jugis-fluo], ever-flowing (post-class.), Paul. Nol. Carm. 35, 439.

1. jūgis, e, adj. [jungo], joined together: auspicium, marred auspices, occasioned by a yoke of oxen dunging at the same time, Cic. Div. 2, 36, 77; cf. Serv. Verg. A. 3, 537.

2. jūgis, e (gen. plur. jugerum for jugium, Lucil. ap. Charis. p. 40 P.; with the first syll. short, Sedul. 1, 18), adj., continual, perpetual; esp. of running water, always flowing, perennial (class.): thesaurus jugis, Plaut. Ps. 1, 1, 82: ex puteis jugibus aquam calidam trahi, Cic. N. D. 2, 10: aqua, Sall. J. 89, 6: concordia, Gell. 12, 8: holocaustum juge, Vulg. Num. 28, 6: convivium juge, id. Prov. 15, 15: jugi sanguine, id. Lev. 15, 33: scabiem jugem, id. ib. 21, 20.
Adv. in two forms.

  1. A. jūge, continually, always, ever (post-class.): juge durans (anima), Prud. στεφ. 10, 472.
  2. B. jū-gĭter, continually, perpetually; immediately, instantly (post-class.), App. de Mund. p. 71: jugiter atque perpetuo, Cod. Th. 16, 7, 3; Aus. Ep. 19, 9; Vulg. Exod. 29, 38; id. 1 Par. 9, 33.

jūgĭtas, ātis, f. [2. jugis], continuance, duration (post-class.): lacrimarum, Marc. Emp. 8: temporis, Cod. 5, 17, 7; 12, 1, 186.

jūgĭter, adv., v. 2. jugis fin.

jūglans, glandis, f. [i. q. Jovis glans = Gr. Διὸς βάλανος], a walnut; a walnut-tree: haec glans optima, et maxima, ab Jove et glande juglans appellata est, Varr. L. L. 5, § 102 Müll.: juglandium putamina, Cic. Tusc. 5, 20, 58: juglandium umbra, Plin. 17, 12, 18, § 89.
Also with nux: nuces juglandes, Plin. 15, 22, 24, § 86.

1. jŭgo, āvi, ātum, 1, v. a. [jugum], to bind to laths or rails.

  1. I. Lit.: furcas vel palos perticis jugare, Col. 12, 39; 12, 15, 1: vineam, id. 4, 26, 1.
  2. II. Transf., to marry (poet.): cui pater intactam dederat, primisque jugarat Ominibus, Verg. A. 1, 345.
    1. B. In gen., to join, connect: sol vagus igneas habenas Immittit propius, jugatque terrae, Naev. ap. Macr. S. 1, 18.
      Hence, jŭ-gātus, a, um, P. a.
    1. A. Joined, connected: virtutes inter se nexae et jugatae sunt, Cic. Tusc. 3, 8, 17.
    2. B. Jugata verba, derived from one another (as justus, justitia, juste), Quint. 6, 3, 66; cf. 5, 10, 94.

2. jugo, ĕre, v. n., to utter the note of the kite (milvus), Varr. ap. Non. 179, 2; cf. Paul. ex Fest. p. 104 Müll., and jugit ικτὶν βοᾷ, Gloss. Philox.

jŭgōsus, a, um, adj. [jugum], mountainous (poet.): silvae, Ov. Am. 1, 1, 9; id. H. 4, 85.

Jŭgŭla, ae, and Jŭgŭlae, ārum, f. [jugulus],

  1. I. the three stars which form Orion’s belt; also, the whole constellation Orion, Varr. L. L. 7, § 50 Müll.: neque Jugulae neque Vesperugo neque Vergiliae occidunt, Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 119.
  2. II. Two stars in the constellation Cancer, otherwise called Aselli: nunc Cancro vicina canam, cui parte sinistra Consurgunt Jugulae, Manil. 5, 175.

jŭgŭlātĭo, ōnis, f. [jugulo], a cutting of one’s throat, a killing, murdering, Auct. B. Hisp. 16; 18; 22.

jŭgŭlātor, ōris, m. [jugulo], a cutthroat, slayer, murderer (late Lat.), Salv. ad Eccl. 3; cf. jugulator, φονεύς, σφάκτης, Gloss. Philox.

jŭgŭlo, āvi, ātum, 1, v. a. [jugulum], to cut the throat, to kill, slay, murder (class.).

  1. I. Lit.: cum jugulatur sus, Cic. Tusc. 5, 40, 116: cives optimos jugulari jussit, id. Phil. 3, 2, 4: se alicui tradere jugulandum, id. Mil. 11, 31: hominem crudeliter, Cels. 1 praef. § 70: qui unum hominem jugulat, Lact. 1, 18, 10.
    Com. of hunger: ita mi auctores fuere, ut egomet me hodie jugularem fame, Plaut. Stich. 4, 2, 3.
    Also of diseases: quartana neminem jugulat, Cels. 3, 15: id genus acutum est, et celeriter jugulat, id. 3, 20, 3.
    In a pun: cur non Hunc Regem jugulas? Hor. S. 1, 7, 35.
    Pregn.: tum rite sacratas in flammam jugulant pecudes, slaughter and throw, Verg. A. 12, 214.
  2. II. Trop., to confute, convict, silence: aliquem factis decretisque, Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 26, § 64: jugulari sua confessione, id. ib. 2, 5, 64, § 166: jugulari suo gladio, suoque telo, to be beaten with one’s own weapons, foiled with one’s own devices, Ter. Ad. 5, 8, 35: gladio plumbeo, i. e. to overcome without difficulty, Cic. Att. 1, 16, 2: Falernum, to adulterate, spoil, Mart. 1, 19, 5: curas, to drive away, banish, id. 8, 51, 26.

jŭgŭlum, i, n., and jŭgŭlus, i, m. [jug, jungo],

  1. I. the collar-bone, which joins together the shoulders and the breast, Cels. 8, 1, § 70: uni homini juguli, humeri: ceteris armi, Plin. 11, 43, 98, § 243.
  2. II. Transf., hence, the hollow part of the neck above the collar-bone: quod jugula concava non haberet, Cic. Fat. 5, 10.
    1. B. The throat: jugulum perfodere, Tac. A. 3, 15: resolvere, Ov. M. 1, 227: recludere stricto ense, id. ib. 7, 285: tenui jugulos aperire susurro, Juv. 4, 110: demittere gladium in jugulum, Plaut. Merc. 3, 4, 28: dare or praebere, to present the throat, sc. to be cut, as was done by conquered gladiators, Cic. Mil. 11: offerre alicui, Tac. H. 1, 41: porrigere, Hor. S. 1, 3, 89.
  3. III. Trop.
    1. A. A slaughter, murder: Electrae jugulo se polluere, Juv. 8, 218.
    2. B. Petere, to aim at the throat, i. e. to attack the main point of one’s argument, Quint. 8, 6, 51: jugulum causae premere, Plin. Ep. 1, 20, 14.

jŭgum, i, n. [kindred to Sanscr. yuga from yug-, jungere; Gr. ζυγόν; v. jungo], a yoke for oxen, a collar for horses.

  1. I. Lit.: nos onera quibusdam bestiis, nos juga imponimus, Cic. N. D. 2, 60, 151: leones jugo subdere, et ad currum jungere, Plin. 8, 16, 21, § 55: (bos) juga detractans, Verg. G. 3, 57: tauris solvere, id. E. 4, 41: frena jugo concordia ferre, id. A. 3, 542; Ov. M. 12, 77: jugum excutere, Curt. 4, 15, 16.
    1. B. Transf.
      1. 1. A yoke, pair, team of draught-cattle: ut minus multis jugis ararent, Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 51, § 120; a pair of horses, Verg. A. 5, 147: aquilarum, a pair, Plin. 10, 4, 5, § 16.
        Plur.: nunc sociis juga pauca boum, Juv. 8, 108; also for the chariot itself, Verg. A. 10, 594; Sil. 7, 683: curtum temone jugum, Juv. 10, 135.
      2. 2. A juger of land: in Hispania ulteriore metiuntur jugis: jugum vocant, quod juncti boves uno die exarare possint, Varr. R. R. 1, 10 (but in Plin. 18, 3, 3, § 9, the correct reading is jugerum; v. Sillig ad h. l.).
      3. 3. A beam, lath, or rail fastened in a horizontal direction to perpendicular poles or posts, a cross-beam, cross-rail: palmes in jugum insilit, Plin. 17, 22, 35, § 175: vineam sub jugum mittere, Col. 4, 22.
      4. 4. Esp. as the symbol of humiliation and defeat, a yoke, consisting of two upright spears, and a third laid transversely upon them, under which vanquished enemies were made to pass: cum male pugnatum apud Caudium esset, legionibus nostris sub jugum missis, Cic. Off. 3, 30, 109: exercitum sub jugum mittere, Caes. B. G. 1, 12; 1, 7; Quint. 3, 8, 3; Liv. 1, 26, 13; 2, 34, 9 al.; also, sub jugo mittere, id. 3, 28 fin.
      5. 5. The constellation Libra: Romam, in jugo cum esset luna, natam esse dicebat, Cic. Div. 2, 47, 98.
      6. 6. The beam of a weaver’s loom: tela jugo vincta est, Ov. M. 6, 55.
      7. 7. A rower’s bench, Verg. A. 6, 411.
      8. 8. A height or summit of a mountain, a ridge; also, a chain of mountains: in immensis qua tumet Ida jugis, Ov. H. 5, 138: montis, Verg. E. 5, 76; Caes. B. C. 1, 70: suspectum jugum Cumis, Juv. 9, 57; 3, 191.
  2. II. Trop., yoke, bonds of slavery, matrimony, etc.: Pa. Jamne ea fert jugum? Ph. Tam a me pudicast quasi soror mea, Plaut. Curc. 1, 1, 50: cujus a cervicibus jugum servile dejecerant, Cic. Phil. 1, 2, 6: Venus Diductos jugo cogit aëneo, Hor. C. 3, 9, 18: accipere, Just. 44, 5, 8: exuere, to shake off, Tac. Agr. 31: excutere, Plin. Pan. 11: nondum subacta ferre jugum valet Cervice, the yoke of marriage, Hor. C. 2, 5, 1.
    Of misfortune: ferre jugum pariter dolosi, Hor. C. 1, 35, 28: pari jugo niti, to work with equal efforts, Plin. Ep. 3, 9, 9: calamitates terroresque mortalium sub jugum mittere, to subjugate, Sen. de Prov. 4 init.: felices, qui ferre incommoda vitae, nec jactare jugum vita didicere magistra, Juv. 13, 22.

jŭgūmento (jŭgāmento), 1, v. a. [1. jugo], to fasten together, Vitr. 2, 1.

jŭgūmentum (jŭgām-), i, n. [1. jugo], a cross-beam, lintel, threshold (ante-class.), Cato, R. R. 14.

Jŭgurtha, ae, m.,

  1. I. the nephew and successor of Micipsa, king of Numidia, conquered by Marius in the war with the Romans; v. Sall. J. 5 sqq.; Flor. 3, 1.
    Hence,
  2. II. Jŭgurthīnus, a, um, adj., of or belonging to Jugurtha, Jugurthan: conjuratio, Cic. N. D. 3, 30: bellum, Hor. Epod. 9, 23: triumphus, Ov. P. 4, 3, 45.

jŭgus, a, um, adj. [1. jugo], belonging together (ante-class.): vasa, Cato, R. R. 10.

Jūlĕus, v. Iuleus.

Juliacum, i, n., a city of Gallia Belgica, now Juliers, Amm. 17, 4.

1. Jūlĭānus, a, um, adj. [Julius], of or belonging to Julius Cæsar, Julian: vectigalia, i. e. which were introduced by Julius Cæsar, M. Anton. ap. Cic. Phil. 13, 15, 31: gladiatores, id. Ep. ad Oet. 9.
Subst.: Jūlĭā-ni, ōrum, m., i. e. soldiers who were on the side of Cæsar in the civil war, Suet. Caes. 75.

2. Jūlĭānus, i, m., Julian, a Roman proper name.

  1. I. M. Didius Severus Julianus Augustus, a Roman emperor, who was put to death after a reign of 66 days, A. D. 193.
  2. II. Julianus Augustus Apostata, an emperor who turned from Christianity to paganism.

Jūlĭas, adis, f., a town in Galilee, Plin. 5, 15, 15, § 71.

Jūlĭensis, e, adj. [Julius], of or belonging to Julius, Julian, an appellation given to cities or colonies, Plin. 3, 3, 4, § 23; 3, 5, 8, § 52; 3, 19, 23, § 130.

Jūlĭō̆brĭga, ae, f., a town in Hispania Tarraconensis, Plin. 3, 3, 4, § 27.
Hence, Jūlĭō̆brĭgensis, is, m., an inhabitant of Juliobriga, Plin. 4, 20, 34, § 110.

jūlis (iūlis), ĭdis, f., a kind of rockfish, Plin. 32, 9, 31, § 94.

Jūlĭus (in poets also Ĭūlĭus, quadrisyll.), a,

  1. I. adj., name of a Roman gens; especially celebrated, C. Julius Cæsar and his adopted son, C. Julius Cæsar (Octavianus) Augustus: unde domus Teucros Julia tangit avos, Ov. F. 4, 40: templa, i. e. curia Julia, id. P. 4, 5, 21: leges, Cic. Balb. 8; id. Sest. 64: edicta, decrees and laws of Augustus, Hor. C. 4, 15, 22: sidus, id. ib. 1, 12, 47.
  2. II. Transf.: Julius mensis (or, absol., Julius), the month of July, which was previously called Quinctilis: fervens Julius, Mart. 10, 62.

Jūlus, i, v. 2. Iulus.

jūmentārĭus, a, um, adj. [jumentum], of or belonging to draught-cattle (postclass.): mola, worked by draught-cattle, Dig. 33, 7, 26, § 1: contubernium, App. M. 10, p. 222, 34.

jūmentum, i, n. [contr. from jugimentum, from jungo]:

  1. I. jumenta ducunt, Plaut. Ep. 2, 2, 27; a beast used for drawing or carrying, draught-cattle, a beast of bur- den, esp. a horse, mule, or ass (class.): cum illam curru vehi jus esset, morarenturque jumenta, Cic. Tusc. 1, 47, 113; Caes. B. C. 1, 60: jumento nihil opus est, i. e. equo, Cic. Att. 12, 32: sarcinaria, beasts of burden, Caes. B. C. 1, 81: non jumenta solum, sed elephanti etiam, Liv. 21, 37: vectus jumentis junctis, Nep. Tim. 4: servi ut taceant, jumenta loquentur, Juv. 9, 103.
    Freq. opp. boves: jumenta bovesque, Col. 6, 19; cf. Amm. 16, 12, 22; 35: jumentis legatis boves non continentur, Paul. Sent. 3, 6, 74.
    Sing. collect.: vultur, jumento et canibus relictis, etc., Juv. 14, 77.
  2. II. A carriage, vehicle, XII. Tab. ap. Gell. 20, 1, 28.

juncētum, i, n. [juncus], a place full of rushes, Varr. R. R. 1, 8, 3.

juncĕus, a, um, adj. [juncus].

  1. I. Made of rushes, rush-: sporta, Col. 12, 6: vincula, Ov. F. 4, 870: cratis, Plin. 21, 14, 49, § 84.
    Comically: nam mihi jam intus potione junceā onerabo gulam, with a rush-drink, i. e. with a rope of rushes, Plaut. Stich. 4, 2, 56.
  2. II. Like a rush: herba caule junceo pedali, Plin. 25, 8, 47, § 85.
    1. B. Transf., slim, slender: tam etsi bona’st natura, reddunt curatura junceam, Ter. Eun. 2, 3, 25 (Fleck.): pectora, Prud. στεφ. 3, 132: proceritas columnarum, Cassiod. Var. 7, 15.

juncĭnus, a, um, adj. [juncus], made from rushes, rush-: oleum, Plin. 15, 7, 7, § 30.

juncōsus, a, um, adj. [juncus], full of rushes: ager, Plin. 18, 6, 8, § 46: litora, Ov. M. 7, 231.

junctim, adv., v. jungo fin.

* junctio, ōnis, f. [jungo], a joining, uniting, union, Cic. Tusc. 1, 29, 71.

junctor, ōris, m. [jungo], a harnesser, Dig. 50, 16, 203 fin.

junctūra, ae, f. [jungo], a joining, uniting; a juncture, joint (poet. and post-Aug.).

  1. I. Lit.: boum, Col. 2, 2 22: genuum, Ov. M. 2, 823: ut umor teneat juncturas, i. e. the commissures, joints, Plin. 16, 40, 79, § 214: quadrato saxo murus ducatur juncturis quam longissimis, Vitr. 5, 12, 6: laterum juncturas fibula mordet, the two ends of the girdle which meet, Verg. A. 12, 274.
    1. B. Transf.
      1. 1. Plur., trappings, mountings (post-class.): data et vehicula cum mulabus, et mulionibus, cum juncturis argenteis, Capitol. Ver. 5.
      2. 2. A team (postclass.): carruca cum junctura legata, Paul. Sent. 3, 6, 91.
  2. II. Trop., a connection: generis, i. e. relationship, consanguinity, Ov. H. 4, 135.
    1. B. In partic.
      1. 1. Rhet.: in omni compositione tria sunt necessaria, ordo, junctura, numerus, Quint. 9, 4, 32.
      2. 2. Gram., a joining together, compounding: dixeris egregie, notum si callida verbum Reddiderit junctura novum, Hor. A. P. 47.

1. junctus, a, um, Part. and P. a., from jungo.

2. junctus, ūs, m. [jungo], a joining (ante-class.): Carinarum, Varr. L. L. 5, § 47, Müll.

juncus, i, m., a rush.

  1. I. Lit.: murteta juncis circumvincire, Plaut. Rud. 3, 4, 27: palustres, Ov. M. 8, 336: acutā cuspide junci, id. ib. 4, 299.
  2. II. A twig resembling a rush, Plin. 26, 8, 46, § 72.

jungo, nxi, nctum, 3, v. a. [Sanscr. jug, junagmi, to unite; juk, joined; Goth. juk; O. H. Germ. joh, joch; Gr. ζυγ, ζεύγνυμι, ζυγός, ζυγόν], to join or unite together, connect, attach, fasten, yoke, harness.

  1. I. Lit.
    1. A. In gen.
      1. 1. With acc.: Narcissum et florem anethi, Verg. E. 2, 48: pontes et propugnacula, id. A. 9, 170: nemoris carentia sensu robora, Claud. B. G. 17: gradus, to close the ranks, Sil. 4, 372: montes, to heap up, Val. Fl. 1, 198: ostia, to shut, Juv. 9, 105; cf.: junctas quatere fenestras, Hor. C. 1, 25, 1: oscula, to exchange, Ov. M. 2, 357; cf. id. Am. 2, 5, 59; Petr. 67: da jungere dextram, to clasp, Verg. A. 6, 697: cur dextrae jungere dextram non datur, id. ib. 1, 408; cf.: quas junximus hospitio dextras, id. ib. 3, 83; 11, 165: duos sinus, Plin. 5, 29, 31, § 116: juncto ponte milites transmittit, Tac. A. 1, 49.
        So with abl. of means or manner: Ticinum ponte, to span, Liv. 21, 45, 1: amnem ponte, Plin. 5, 24, 21, § 86: ratibus flumen, to bridge, Liv. 21, 47, 2; cf.: qui biduo vix locum rate jungendo flumini inventum tradunt, id. 21, 47, 6: eo omnia vallo et fossa, id. 38, 4, 6: plumbum nigrum albo, Plin. 33, 5, 30, § 94; cf.: nam calamus cera jungitur, Tib. 2, 5, 32: illos defendit numerus junctaeque umbone phalanges, Juv. 2, 46: erga juncta est mihi foedere dextra, Verg. A. 8, 169: Pompei acies junxerat in seriem nexis umbonibus arma, Luc. 7, 453.
      2. 2. With dat. of indir. object: hoc opus ad turrim hostium admovent, ut aedificio jungatur, Caes. B. C. 2, 10 fin.: humano capiti cervicem equinam, Hor. A. P. 2: mortua corpora vivis, Verg. A. 8, 485; cf.: his tignis contraria duo juncta, Caes. B. G. 3, 17, 5: se Romanis, Liv. 24, 49, 1: exercitum sibi, Vell. 2, 80, 1: socia arma Rutulis, Liv. 1, 2, 3: victores Germani juncturi se Pannoniis, Suet. Tib. 17: cervicem meam amplexui, Petr. 86 dub. (Büch., vinxit amplexu): dextra dextrae jungitur, Ov. M. 6, 447; cf. Verg. A. 1, 408 supra: aeri aes plumbo fit uti jungatur ab albo, Lucr. 6, 1079: juncta est vena arteriis, Cels. 2, 10: Comius incensum calcaribus equum jungit equo Quadrati, drives against, Hirt. B. C. 8, 48.
      3. 3. With inter se: tigna bina inter se, Caes. B. G. 3, 17, 3: maxime autem corpora inter se juncta permanent, cum, etc., Cic. N. D. 2, 45, 115: disparibus calamis inter se junctis, Ov. M. 1, 712: saltus duo alti inter se juncti, Liv. 9, 2, 7.
      4. 4. With cum: cum Bruto Cassioque vires suas, Vell. 2, 65, 1: legiones se cum Caesare juncturae, id. 2, 110, 1: erat cum pede pes junctus, Ov. M. 9, 44: lecto mecum junctus in uno, id. H. 13, 117: digitis medio cum pollice junctis, id. F. 5, 433: lingua cum subjecta parte juncta est, Cels. 7, 12, 4.
    2. B. Esp.
      1. 1. To harness, yoke, attach.
          1. (α) Of animals: angues ingentes alites juncti jugo, Pac. ap. Cic. Inv. 1, 19, 27 (Trag. v. 397 Rib.): junge pares, i. e. in pairs, Verg. G. 3, 169; Grat. Cyneg. 263: nec jungere tauros norant, Verg. A. 8, 316: currus et quatuor equos, id. G. 3, 114: grypes equis, id. E. 8, 27 Forbig.: curru jungit Halaesus Equos, id. A. 7, 724: leones ad currum, Plin. 8, 16, 21, § 54: mulis e proximo pistrino ad vehiculum junctis, Suet. Caes. 31.
          2. (β) Of a vehicle (rare): reda equis juncta, Cic. Att. 6, 1, 25: neve (mulier) juncto vehiculo veheretur, Liv. 34, 1, 3: juncta vehicula, pleraque onusta, mille admodum capiuntur, id. 42, 65, 3.
      2. 2. Of wounds, etc., to join, bring together, unite, heal: ego vulnera doctum jungere Etiona petam, Stat. Th. 10, 733: parotidas suppuratas, Scrib. Comp. 206: oras (tumoris), Cels. 7, 17, 1: oras vulneris, id. 5, 4, 23 al.
      3. 3. Of lands, territories, etc.: juncta pharetratis Sarmatis ora Getis, adjoining, Ov. Tr. 4, 10, 110; cf.: juncta Aquilonibus Arctos, id. M. 2, 132: quibus (campis) junctae paludes erant, Front. Strat. 2, 5, 6; Vell. 2, 110, 4: fundos Apuliae, to add, join to, Petr. 77: longos jungere fines agrorum, Luc. 1, 167.
      4. 4. To connect in time, cause to follow immediately: cum diei noctem pervigilem junxisset, Just. 12, 13, 7: somnum morti, Petr. 79: vidit hic annus Ventidium consularem praetextam jungentem praetoriae, Vell. 2, 65, 3: nulla natio tam mature consino belli bellum junxit, id. 2, 110, 5: junge, puer, cyathos, atque enumerare labora, Stat. S. 1, 5, 10: laborem difficilius est repetere quam jungere, to resume than to continue, Plin. Ep. 4, 9, 10.
        So of pronunciation: si jungas (opp. interpunctis quibusdam), Quint. 9, 4, 108.
      5. 5. Milit. t. t., of troops, an army, etc., to join, unite: cum juncti essent, Liv. 25, 35; 25, 37: exercitum Pompei sibi, Vell. 2, 80, 1: junctis exercitious, Vell. 2, 113, 1: cum collegae se junxisset, Front. Strat. 1, 1, 9; so, exercitum, id. ib. 1, 2, 9: Ajacem naves suas Atheniensibus junxisse, Quint. 5, 11, 40.
      6. 6. To add, give in addition: commoda praeterea jungentur multa caducis, Juv. 9, 89.
      7. 7. In mal. part.: corpora, Ov. M. 10, 464: turpia corpora, id. H. 9, 134: tu mihi juncta toro, id. F. 3, 511; id. R. Am. 408: si jungitur ulla Ursidio, Juv. 6, 41; 6, 448; cf. Venerem, Tib. 1, 9, 76; Ov. H. 353; id. R. Am. 407.
  2. II. Transf.
    1. A. In gen., of abstract things, to bring together, join, unite: cum hominibus nostris consuetudines, amicitias, res rationesque jungebat, Cic. Deiot. 9, 27: omnem naturam, quae non solitaria sit … sed cum alio juncta atque conexa, etc., id. N. D. 2, 11, 29: an virtus et voluptas inter se jungi copularique possint, id. de Or. 1, 51, 122: sapientiam junctam habere eloquentiae, id. ib. 3, 35, 142: indignationem conquestioni, id. Inv. 2, 11, 36: insignis improbitas et scelere juncta, id. de Or. 2, 58, 237: plura crimina junguntur, are combined, Quint. 4, 4, 5.
    2. B. Esp.
      1. 1. Of persons, to join, unite, bring together, associate, in love, marriage, relationship, etc.: cum impari, Liv. 1, 46: cum pare, Ov. F. 4, 98: alicujus filiam secum matrimonio, Curt. 5, 3, 12: si tibi legitimis pactam junctamque tabellis non es amaturus, Juv. 6, 200: juncta puella viro, Ov. A. A. 1, 682; id. Tr. 2, 284.
        Of animals, etc.: Appulis jungentur capreae lupis, Hor. C. 1, 33, 8: variis albae junguntur columbac, Ov. H. 15, 37: unaque nos sibi operā amicos junget, Ter. Hec. 5, 2, 32: ut quos certus amor junxit, Ov. M. 4, 156: amicos, Hor. S. 1, 3, 54: Geminum mecum tua in me beneficia junxerunt, Plin. Ep. 10, 26, 1: puer puero junctus amicitia, Ov. P. 4, 3, 12.
        Esp., of a treaty, alliance, etc.: si populus Romanus foedere jungeretur regi, Liv. 26, 24; Just. 15, 4, 24.
      2. 2. Of things, to make by joining, enter into: pacem cum Aenea, deinde adfinitatem, Liv. 1, 1: nova foedera, id. 7, 30: cum Hispanis amicitiam, Just. 43, 5, 3: societatem cum eo metu potentiae ejus, id. 22, 2, 6: foedus cum eo amicitiamque, Liv. 24, 48; 23, 33: juncta societas Hannibali, id. 24, 6: foedera, id. 7, 30: jungendae societatis gratia, Just. 20, 4, 2.
      3. 3. Of words, etc., to join, unite.
          1. (α) Esp., gram. t. t.: verba jungere, to make by joining, to compound: jungitur verbum ex corrupto et integro, ut malevolus, Quint. 1, 5, 68: in jungendo aut in derivando, id. 8, 3, 31; so, juncta verba, Cic. Or. 56, 186; id. Part. Or. 15, 53.
          2. (β) To connect so as to sound agreeably: quantum interest … verba eadem qua compositione vel in textu jungantur vel in fine claudantur, Quint. 9, 4, 15.
            Hence, P. a.: junc-tus, a, um, joined, united, connected, associated: in opere male juncto, Quint. 12, 9, 17.
            Comp.: causa fuit propior et cum exitu junctior, Cic. Fat. 16, 36.
            Sup.: junctissimus illi comes, most attached, Ov. M. 5, 69: principum prosperis et alii fruantur: adversae ad junctissimos pertineant, their nearest of kin, Tac. H. 4, 52.

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