Lewis & Short

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supplex (subpl-), ĭcis (abl. supplĭci, but also -ĭce freq. in dactyl. and anap. verse, Hor. C. 3, 14, 8; Tib. 1, 2, 14; Ov. M. 2, 396 al.;

  1. I. and always when used subst., Verg. A. 3, 667; Ov. M. 8, 261; Curt. 5, 3, 14; or to denote a temporary attitude or relation, not a permanent characteristic, Cic. Scaur. 2, 35; Luc. 8, 287; 8, 346; cf. Neue, Formenl. 2, 46; gen. plur. supplicium, Liv. 24, 30; 29, 16; 35, 34), adj. [sup-plico, bending the knees, kneeling down; hence], humbly begging or entreating; humble, submissive, beseeching, suppliant, supplicant (class.; syn.: humilis, submissus).
          1. (α) Absol.: supplex te ad pedes abiciebas, Cic. Phil. 2, 34, 86; cf. id. Lig. 5, 13: ad alios se reges supplicem contulisse, id. Imp. Pomp. 8, 21: et genua amplectens effatur talia supplex, Verg. A. 10, 523: vobis supplex manus tendit patria communis, Cic. Cat. 4, 9, 18; cf. infra II.: se supplicem pro aliquo profiteri, id. Pis. 32, 80: supplex ad aliquem venire, id. Att. 16, 16, C, § 10: ad opem judicum supplices confugere, id. Font. 15, 33 (11, 23): do manus Supplex, Hor. Epod. 17, 2: supplex populi suffragia capto, id. Ep. 2, 2, 103: tibi quo die Portus Alexandrea supplex patefecit, id. C. 4, 14, 35: supplex rogabo, Stat. Achill. 1, 50.
          2. (β) With dat.: ut tibi fierem supplex, Plaut. Ps. 5, 2, 20: judicibus supplex, Cic. Tusc. 1, 29, 71; id. de Or. 1, 53, 229: ego me plurimis pro te supplicem abjeci, id. Mil. 36, 100; Plaut. Bacch. 4, 9, 101; id. Cist. 1, 1, 34; id. Pers. 2, 3, 18; id. Stich. 2, 1, 18; Ter. Phorm. 5, 6, 47; Cic. Planc. 8, 21; Ov. H. 12, 185 al.: cum Alcibiades Socrati supplex esset, ut, etc., Cic. Tusc. 3, 32, 77.
          3. (γ) As subst.: supplex, ĭcis, m., a suppliant, humble petitioner: in miseros ac supplices misericordiā uti, Caes. B. G. 2, 28: et nos jacentis ad pedes supplicum voce prohibebis? Cic. Lig. 5, 13: tu supplice digno dignior, Val. Fl. 7, 290: paternus, Sen. Troad. 315; so with a pron. possess. or gen.: vester est supplex, judices, Cic. Mur. 40, 86; so, vester, id. Clu. 70, 200: tuus, Hor. C. 3, 10, 16: supplex vestrae misericordiae, Cic. Cael. 32, 79: dei, Nep. Paus. 4, 5; id. Ages. 4, 8: tui numinis, Sen. Agam. 343: domus inimicae, Quint. Decl. 9, 1.
  2. II. Transf., of things: manus supplices, Cic. Font. 21, 48 (17, 38): manu supplice, Ov. M. 11, 279: dextra, Val. Fl. 4, 11: vitta, Hor. C. 3, 14, 8: dona, Verg. A. 3, 439: libelli, Mart. 8, 31, 3: vota, Verg. A. 8, 61: verba, Cic. Att. 12, 32, 1: vox, Sall. C. 31, 7; Ov. M. 2, 396; Liv. 30, 12; Curt. 4, 6, 28: voce supplex, Tac. A. 1, 57: oliva, Val. Fl. 3, 424: querelae, Tib. 1, 4, 72: lacrimae, Prop. 1, 16, 4: causa, Quint. 11, 1, 3.
    Hence, adv.: sup-plĭcĭter, humbly, submissively, suppliantly: suppliciter demisseque respondere, Cic. Fl. 10, 21; id. de Or. 1, 20, 90; Caes. B. G. 1, 27; Suet. Aug. 13; id. Tib. 10; Verg. A. 1, 481; 12, 220; Hor. S. 1, 8, 32; Ov. F. 2, 438; id. P. 1, 10, 44.

supplĭcĭum (subpl-), ii, n. [supplex; prop. a kneeling down, either as a suppliant or to receive punishment].

  1. I. As a suppliant.
    1. A. In relig. lang., humiliation, a public prayer or supplication, an act of worship (mostly ante-Aug. and in prose after the Aug. period; not in Cic. or Cæs.; syn.: supplicatio, obsecratio): nunc pergam, ut suppliciis placans caelitum aras expleam, Att. ap. Non. 398, 19; cf.: deos suppliciis, sumptu, votis, donis, Precibus plorans, obsecrans, Afran. ib. 398, 22: suppliciis votisque fatigare deos, Liv. 27, 50, 5: non votis neque suppliciis muliebribus auxilia deorum parantur, Sall. C. 52, 29.
      1. 2. Esp., a sacrificing, offering: nihil ei (Jovi) acceptum est a perjuris supplicii, offering, sacrifice, Plaut. Rud. prol. 25: in suppliciis deorum magnifici, Sall. C. 9, 2; id. J. 55, 1: precibus suppliciisque deos placare, Liv. 22, 57, 5; cf.: quos (boves) ad deorum servant supplicia, Varr. R. R. 2, 5, 10: tum supplicia dis ludique magni ab senatu decernuntur, Tac. A. 3, 64 Nipperd. ad loc.: vannos onustas aromatis et hujuscemodi suppliciis congerunt, App. M. 11, p. 265, 3; id. Dogm. Plat. 2, p. 16, 5: supplicia veteres quaedam sacrificia a supplicando vocabant, Fest. pp. 308 and 309 Müll.
    2. B. Transf., out of the relig. sphere, an humble entreaty or petition, a supplication in gen. (very rare): Vagenses fatigati regis suppliciis, Sall. J. 66, 2: igitur legatos ad consulem cum suppliciis mittit, qui tantummodo ipsi liberisque vitam peterent, id. ib. 46, 2.
  2. II. To receive punishment; hence, punishment, penalty, torture, torment, pain, distress, suffering (class. and freq.; usu. of the penalty of death; syn. poena).
          1. (α) Sing.: dabitur pol supplicium mihi de tergo vestro, Plaut. As. 2, 4, 75 sq.; cf.: illi de me supplicium dabo, Ter. Heaut. 1, 1, 86; id. Eun. 1, 1, 24; Cat. 116, 8; Nep. Paus. 5, 5: de homine nobili virgis supplicium crudelissime sumere, Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 37, § 91; 2, 5, 45, § 117: sumere (de aliquo), Plaut. Pers. 5, 2, 72; id. Merc. 5, 4, 31; Ter. And. 3, 5, 17; Cic. Inv. 2, 28, 84; id. Rep. 3, 33, 45; Caes. B. G. 1, 39; Liv. 2, 5, 5; 3, 18, 10: aliquem hostibus ad supplicium dedere, Caes. B. G. 7, 26: aliquem tradi ad supplicium jubere, Tac. A. 11, 35: rapi, Cic. de Or. 2, 59, 138: supplicio affici, to be put to death, Caes. B. G. 1, 27: ne ad ultimum supplicium progredi necesse habeant, to take their own lives, id. B. C. 1, 84: aliquem vinculis ac verberibus atque omni supplicio excruciatum necare, Cic. Imp. Pomp. 5, 11: summo cruciatu supplicioque perire, id. N. D. 3, 33, 81: gravissimum ei rei supplicium cum cruciatu constitutum est, Caes. B. G. 6, 17: talis improborum consensio supplicio omni vindicanda (est), Cic. Lael. 12, 43: satis supplicii tulisse, Caes. B. C. 1, 84: supplicio culpa reciditur, Hor. C. 3, 24, 34: suā manu supplicium persolvere, Tac. A. 6, 32 (26): luere, Just. 2, 5, 6; Tac. A. 15, 60: supplicium redimere opimā mercede, Amm. 26, 3, 4.
          2. (β) Plur.: ad exquisita supplicia proficisci, Cic. Off. 3, 27, 100: semper iis (improbis) ante oculos judicia et supplicia versentur, id. Rep. 3, 16, 26: ad innocentum supplicia descendunt, Caes. B. G. 6, 17: supplicia annua pendere, Plin. 29, 4, 14, § 57: subire, Cic. Ep. ad Brut. 1, 12, 1: suppliciis delicta coërcere, Hor. S. 1, 3, 79: subplicia in post futuros conposuit, Sall. H. 1, 41, 6 Dietsch: domant impios saeva supplicia, Sen. Herc. Fur. 749: supplicia haurire, Verg. A. 4, 383.