Lewis & Short

‡ ulter, tra, trum, adj. (comp. ulterior, us; sup. ultimus) [cf.: uls, ollus, olim; and the advv. ultra, ultro], prop. that is beyond or on the other side. The posit. is not found, but the comp. and sup. are very freq.

  1. I. Comp.: ultĕrĭor, ĭus, farther, on the farther side, that is beyond, ulterior: quis est ulterior? Ter. Phorm. 4, 2, 10: quorum alter ulteriorem Galliam decernit cum Syriā, alter citeriorem, i. e. transalpine, Cic. Prov. Cons. 15, 36: Gallia, id. Att. 8, 3, 3; Caes. B. G. 1, 7: portus, id. ib. 4, 23: Hispania, Suet. Caes. 7; 18; 56: pars urbis, Liv. 34, 20, 5: ripa, Verg. A. 6, 314; Vell. 2, 107, 1: ulterius medio spatium sol altus habebat, Ov. M. 2, 417.
    1. B. As subst.
      1. 1. ul-tĕrĭōres, um, m. (sc. homines), the more remote, or more distant persons, those beyond: cum ab proximis impetrare non possent, ulteriores tentant, Caes. B. G. 6, 2: recurritur ex proximis locis; ulteriores non inventi, Liv. 3, 60, 7: proximi ripae neglegenter, ulteriores exquisitius, Tac. G. 17.
      2. 2. ultĕrĭōra, um, n. (sc. loca or negotia).
          1. (α) Of places, the more remote parts or regions, the districts beyond: Mosellae pons, qui ulteriora coloniae annectit, Tac. H. 4, 77.
          2. (β) In gen., of things, that which is beyond, things beyond, farther, or in addition; things future: ulteriora mirari, praesentia sequi, Tac. H. 4, 8: ut dum proxima dicimus, struere ulteriora possimus, things beyond, what is to come, Quint. 10, 7, 8; cf.: pudor est ulteriora loqui, Ov. F. 5, 532; id. A. A. 3, 769: semper et inventis ulteriora petit, id. Am. 2, 9, 10.
      3. 3. Rarely sing.: ultĕrĭus, ōris, n., something more, any thing further: cujus (fero, tuli) praeteritum perfectum et ulterius non invenitur, Quint. 1, 6, 26.
  2. II. Sup.: ultĭmus, a, um, that is farthest beyond, i. e. the farthest, most distant, most remote, the uttermost, extreme, last; often to be rendered as a subst., the farthest or most distant part of any thing, etc. (opp. to citimus, while extremus is opp. to intimus).
    1. A. Lit., of space: illa minima (luna) quae ultima a caeio, citima terris luce lucebat alienā, Cic. Rep. 6, 16, 16: partes, id. ib. 6, 20, 20: in ultimam provinciam se conjecit, id. Att. 5, 16, 4: devehendum in ultimas maris terrarumque oras, Liv. 21, 10, 12: orae, Plaut. Most. 4, 3, 3; Hor. C. 3, 3, 45; Liv. 5, 37, 2: campi, Plaut. Rud. 4, 3, 95: Hesperia, Hor. C. 1, 36, 4: Africa, id. ib. 2, 18, 4: Geloni, id. ib. 2, 20, 18: in plateā ultimā, Plaut. Curc. 2, 2, 28; id. Mil. 3, 1, 15: in ultimis aedibus, Ter. Heaut. 5, 1, 29: spelunca draconis, Phaedr. 4, 18, 3: cauda, i. e. the end of, Plin. 9, 5, 4, § 11: mors ultima linea rerum est, Hor. Ep. 1, 16, 79.
      1. 2. Subst.
          1. (α) ultĭmi, ōrum, m. (sc. homines), the farthest or most remote people: recessum primis ultimi non dabant, Caes. B. G. 5, 43.
          2. (β) ultĭma, ōrum, n. (sc. negotia), the farthest or most remote things: praeponens ultima primis, Hor. S. 1, 4, 59: ultima signant, the goal, Verg. A. 5, 317.
          3. (γ) Rarely sing.: ultĭmum, i, n., the last, the end: caelum ipsum, quod extremum atque ultimum mundi est, Cic. Div. 2, 43, 91.
    2. B. Transf.
      1. 1. Of time or order of succession, the remotest, earliest, oldest, first; the last, latest, final: ultimi et proximi temporis recordatio, Cic. Prov. Cons. 18, 43: tam multis ab ultimā antiquitate repetitis, id. Fin. 1, 20, 65: tempora, id. Leg. 1, 3. 8: initium, Auct. Her. 1, 9, 14: principium, Cic. Inv. 2, 2, 5: memoria pueritiae, id. Arch. 1, 1: memoria saeculorum, Just. 12, 16, 3: vetustas hominum, id. 2, 1, 20: sanguinis auctor, Verg. A. 7, 49: ultima quid referam? Ov. H. 14, 109: scilicet ultima semper Exspectanda dies homini est, last, id .M. 3, 135: aetas est de ferro, id. ib. 1, 127: vox, id. ib. 3, 499: dicta, id. ib. 9, 126: lapis, i. e. a gravestone, Prop. 1, 17, 20: cerae, i. e. a last will, testament, Mart. 4, 70, 2: aetas, Quint. 12, 4, 2: senectus, id. 11, 1, 10: virtute pares, necessitate, quae ultimum ac maximum telum est, superiores estis, Liv. 4, 28, 5: decurritur ad illud extremum atque ultimum senatus consultum, Caes. B. C. 1, 5.
        As subst.: ultĭma, ōrum, n.: perferto et ultima exspectato, final events, the end, Cic. Fam. 7, 17, 2: ultima vitae, Calp. Ecl. 3, 91.
        Rarely sing.: matrem ultimo aetatis affectam, Aus. Vict. Or. Gent. Rom. 10.
        Adverb.: si fidem ad ultimum fratri praestitisset, to the last, Liv. 45, 19, 17; 3, 64, 8; 3, 64, 11; also (more freq.) at last, lastly, finally, = ad extremum, ad postremum, postremo: si qualis in cives, talis ad ultimum in liberos esset, Liv. 1, 53, 10; 5, 10, 8; 3, 10, 3: ne se ad ultimum perditum irent, id. 26, 27, 10; so, ultimo, Suet. Ner. 32 fin.; Petr. 20, 139; and, ultimum, for the last time, Liv. 1, 29, 3; Curt. 5, 12, 8; App. M. 2, p. 126.
      2. 2. Of degree or rank, and denoting the highest as well as the lowest extreme of either.
        1. a. The utmost, extreme, the highest, first, greatest, = summus, extremus: summum bonum, quod ultimum appello, Cic. Fin. 3, 9, 30: ultimae perfectaeque naturae, id. N. D. 2, 12, 33: ut absit ab ultimis vitiis ipse praeceptor ac schola, Quint. 2, 2, 15: ultimae causae cur perirent, etc., Hor. C. 1, 16, 18: scelus, Curt. 5, 12, 17: rex ad ultimum periculum venit, id. 7, 6, 22: facinus, id. 8, 8, 2; 6, 3, 13; 6, 9, 11: necessitas, id. 9, 12, 6; Liv. 2, 43, 3; 3, 4, 9; Sen. Clem. 1, 12, 5: ad ultimam inopiam adducere, Liv. 6, 3, 4; 37, 31, 2: ad ultimos casus servari, id. 27, 10, 11: dedecus, Curt. 9, 5, 11: exsecrationes, Just. 24, 2, 8: ultimum supplicium, extreme (i. e. capital) punishment, Caes. B. C. 1, 84; so, poena, Liv. 3, 58, 10; Plin. Ep. 2, 11, 8: desperatio, Tac. H. 2, 48; 2, 44; Curt. 10, 8, 9; Liv. 42, 66, 1; Sen. Contr. 4, 29, 2: discrimen ultimum vitae et regni, Liv. 37, 53, 16; 23, 21, 2: ad ultimam perductus tristitiam, Petr. 24.
          Esp., as subst.: ultĭ-ma, ōrum, n.: omnia ultima pati, every extremity, the worst, Liv. 37, 54, 2: ultima pati, Ov. M. 14, 483; id. Tr. 3, 2, 11; Curt. 3, 1, 6: ultima audere, Liv. 3, 2, 11: priusquam ultima experirentur, id. 2, 28, 9.
          Rarely sing.: paene in ultimum gladiorum erupit impunitas, Vell. 2, 125, 2: ad ultimum inopiae adducere, to the last degree. Liv. 23, 19, 2; 31, 38, 1: ad ultimum periculi pervenire, Curt. 8, 1, 15.
          Trop.: ut in pecude, nisi quae vis obstitit, videmus naturam suo quodam itinere ad ultimum pervenire, Cic. N. D. 2, 13, 35.
          Adverb.: ad ultimum pro fide morituri, Curt. 3, 1, 7: consilium sceleratum, sed non ad ultimum demens, in the extreme, utterly, to the last degree, Liv. 28, 28, 8.
        2. b. The lowest, meanest (very rare): qui se Philippum regiaeque stirpis ferebat, cum esset ultimae, Vell. 1, 11, 1: principibus placuisse viris non ultima laus est, Hor. Ep. 1, 17, 35: ultima sit laudes inter ut illa tuas, Auct. Cons. ad Liv. 17: ultima pistoris illa uxor, the worst, App. M. 9, p. 224, 26.
          Subst.: ut vigiliis et labore cum ultimis militum certaret (consul), Liv. 34, 18, 5: in ultimis laudum, id. 30, 30, 4: in ultimis ponere, the lowest, meanest things, Plin. 17, 12, 18, § 91.