ef-fundo (or ecf-), fūdi, fūsum, 3, v. a., to pour out, pour forth, shed, spread abroad (class.; esp. freq. in the transf. and trop. signif.).
- I. Lit.: vinum in barathrum (i. e. ventrem), Plaut. Curc. 1, 2, 28; cf. Cic. Pis. 10: aquam oblatam in galea, Front. Strat. 1, 7, 7: humorem, Cels. 7, 15: lacrimas, Lucr. 1, 126; Cic. Planc. 42, 101: imbrem (procella), Curt. 8, 13: se in oceanum (Ganges), Plin. 2, 108, 112, § 243: Sangarius flumen in Propontidem se effundit, Liv. 38, 18, 18; cf. pass. in mid. force: mare neque redundat umquam neque effunditur, Cic. N. D. 2, 45, 116; v. also under P. a.
- B. Transf., of non-liquid bodies.
- 1. In gen., to pour out, pour forth, drive out, cast out, send out (mostly poet. and in postAug. prose; a favorite word of Vergil): saccos nummorum, Hor. S. 2, 3, 149: frumentum in flumen, Dig. 9, 2, 27, § 19: ei oculus effunditur, is knocked out, put out, ib. 19, 2, 13, § 4: tela, i. e. to shoot in great numbers, Verg. A. 9, 509; Liv. 27, 18: auxilium castris apertis, to send forth, Verg. A. 7, 522: equus consulem lapsum super caput effudit, threw, Liv. 22, 3, 11; so id. 10, 11; 27, 32; Plin. 8, 42, 65, § 160; Curt. 8, 14, 34; Verg. A. 10, 574; 893; cf. Val. Fl. 8, 358: (quae via) Excutiat Teucros vallo atque effundat in aequum, Verg. A. 9, 68: sub altis portis, id. ib. 11, 485; cf.: aliquem solo, id. ib. 12, 532: caput in gremium, Cels. 7, 7, 4.
Poet.: carmina molli numero fluere, ut per leve severos Effundat junctura ungues, i. e. lets it slip over smoothly, Pers. 1, 65.
- 2. In partic.
- a. With se, or mid. of persons, to pour out in a multitude, to rush out, spread abroad (a favorite expression with the historians): omnis sese multitudo ad cognoscendum effudit (sc. ex urbe), Caes. B. C. 2, 7, 3; so, se, id. ib. 2, 7, 3; Liv. 26, 19; 34, 8; 33, 12, 10; 35, 39, 5; Val. Max. 7, 6, 6; Vell. 2, 112, 4; Suet. Calig. 4 fin.; id. Caes. 44 et saep. (but not in Caes. B. G. 5, 19, 2, where the better reading is: se ejecerat, v. Schneider ad h. l.): omnibus portis effunduntur, Liv. 38, 6; so mid., Tac. A. 1, 23; Liv. 40, 40, 10; and esp. freq. in the part. effusus, Sall. J. 55, 4; 69, 2; Liv. 1, 14; 9, 31; Tac. A. 4, 25 fin.; 12, 31; 15, 23; Verg. A. 6, 305 et saep.
Ellips. of se: ubi se arctat (mare) Hellespontus vocatur; Propontis, ubi expandit; ubi iterum pressit, Thracius Bosporus; ubi iterum effundit, Pontus Euxinus, spreads out, widens, Mel. 1, 1, 5.
- b. With the accessory notion of producing, to bring forth, produce abundantly: non solum fruges verum herbas etiam effundunt, Cic. Or. 15, 48; cf.: fruges (auctumnus), Hor. C. 4, 7, 11: copiam, Cic. Brut. 9, 36.
- c. Of property, to pour out, i. e. to lavish, squander, waste, run through: patrimonium per luxuriam effundere atque consumere, Cic. Rosc. Am. 2, 6; so, patrimonium, id. Phil. 3, 2: aerarium, id. Agr. 1, 5, 15; id. Tusc. 3, 20, 48: sumptus, id. Rosc. Am. 24, 68: opes, Plin. 7, 25, 26, § 94: omnes fortunas, Tac. A. 14, 31: reditus publicos non in classem exercitusque, sed in dies festos, Just. 6, 9, 3; and absol.: effundite, emite, etc., Ter. Ad. 5, 9, 34.
- II. Trop.
- A. In gen.: effudi vobis omnia, quae sentiebam, i. e. have freely imparted, Cic. de Or. 1, 34 fin.; cf. id. Att. 16, 7, 5; id. Fl. 17, 41; Quint. 2, 2, 10; 10, 3, 17; Val. Fl. 7, 434: procellam eloquentiae, Quint. 11, 3, 158: totos affectus, id. 4, 1, 28: tales voces, Verg. A. 5, 723: questus, id. ib. 5, 780: carmina, Ov. H. 12, 139 al.: vox in coronam turbamque effunditur, Cic. Fl. 28 fin.; cf.: questus in aëra, Ov. M. 9, 370: omnem suum vinulentum furorem in me, Cic. Fam. 12, 25, 4: iram in aliquem, Liv. 39, 34: omne odium in auxilii praesentis spem, id. 31, 44, 2: indignationem, Vulg. Ezech. 20, 8 et saep.
- B. In partic. (acc. to I. B. 2. a. and c.).
- 1. With se, or mid., to give one’s self up to, to give loose to, yield to, indulge in: qui se in aliqua libidine effuderit, Cic. Par. 3, 1, 21: se in omnes libidines, Tac. A. 14, 13: (Pompeius) in nos suavissime hercule effusus, has treated me with the most flattering confidence, Cic. Att. 4, 9; more freq., mid.: in tantam licentiam socordiamque, Liv. 25, 20, 6: in venerem, id. 29, 23, 4: in amorem, Tac. A. 1, 54; Curt. 8, 4, 25: in laetitiam, Just. 12, 3, 7; Curt. 5, 1, 37: in jocos, Suet. Aug. 98: in cachinnos, id. Calig. 32: in questus, lacrimas, vota, Tac. A. 1, 11: in lacrimas, id. ib. 3, 23; 4, 8; id. H. 2, 45; for which, lacrimis, Verg. A. 2, 651; cf.: ad preces lacrimasque, Liv. 44, 31 fin.: ad luxuriam, id. 34, 6: terra effunditur in herbas, Plin. 17, 8, 4, § 48; cf.: quorum stomachus in vomitiones effunditur, id. 23, 1, 23, § 43.
- 2. To cast away, give up, let go, dismiss, resign: collectam gratiam florentissimi hominis, Cic. Fam. 2, 16, 1: odium, id. ib. 1, 9, 20: vires, Liv. 10, 28; Ov. M. 12, 107: curam sui, Sen. Ira, 2, 35: verecundiam, id. Ep. 11: animam, Verg. A. 1, 98; cf. vitam, Ov. H. 7, 181; Macr. Somn. Scip. 1, 1, 9; cf. id. ib. 1, 11, 25: spiritum, Tac. A. 2, 70.
- 3. To relax, loosen, slacken, let go: manibus omnis effundit habenas, Verg. A. 5, 818: sive gradum seu frena effunderet, Stat. Th. 9, 182: irarum effundit habenas, Verg. A. 12, 499.
Hence, effūsus, a, um, P. a.
- I. (Effundo, I. B. 1.) Poured out, cast out; hence, plur. as subst.: effusa, ōrum, n., the urine: reliquias et effusa intueri, Sen. Const. Sap. 13, 1.
- II. (Effundo, I. B. 2.) Spread out, extensive, vast, broad, wide (not freq. till after the Aug. per.).
Lit.
- 1. In gen.: effusumque corpus, Lucr. 3, 113; cf.: late mare, Hor. Ep. 1, 11, 26: loca, Tac. G. 30: effusissimus Hadriatici maris sinus, Vell. 2, 43: incendium, Liv. 30, 5; cf. caedes, id. 42, 65: cursus, id. 2, 50; Plin. 9, 33, 52, § 102: membra, i. e. full, plump, Stat. Th. 6, 841.
- 2. Esp., relaxed, slackened, loosened, dishevelled: habenis, Front. Strat. 2, 5, 31; cf.: quam posset effusissimis habenis, Liv. 37, 20: comae, Ov. H. 7, 70; id. Am. 1, 9, 38 et saep.; cf. also transf.: (nymphae) caesariem effusae nitidam per candida colla, Verg. G. 4, 337.
- 3. Of soldiers or a throng of people, etc., straggling, disorderly, scattered, dispersed: effusum agmen ducit, Liv. 21, 25, 8: aciem, Luc. 4, 743: huc omnis turba effusa ruebat, Verg. A. 6, 305: sine armis effusi in armatos incidere hostis, Liv. 30, 5, 8.
- III. Trop.
- 1. Profuse, prodigal, lavish: quis in largitione effusior? Cic. Cael. 6, 13: munificentiae effusissimus, Vell. 2, 41.
- 2. Extravagant, immoderate: licentia, Liv. 44, 1; cf. laetitia, id. 35, 43 fin.: cursus, Plin. Ep. 6, 20, 11 et saep.
Comp.: cultus in verbis, Quint. 3, 8, 58.
Sup.: laudationes, Petr. 48, 7: studium, Suet. Ner. 40.
Adv.: effūse.
- 1. (Acc. to I.) Far spread, far and wide, widely.
- a. In gen.: ire, Sall. J. 105, 3; cf. fugere, Liv. 3, 22; 40, 48: persequi, id. 43, 23; Curt. 9, 8: vastare, Liv. 1, 10; 44, 30; cf.: effusius praedari, id. 34, 16 et saep.: spatium annale effuse interpretari. in a wide sense, Cod. Just. 7, 40, 1.
- b. Esp., profusely, lavishly: large effuseque donare, Cic. Rosc. Am. 8 fin.; cf. vivere, id. Cael. 16 fin.: liberalem esse, Aug. ap. Suet. Aug. 71: affluant opes, Liv. 3, 26.
In the comp., Tac. A. 4, 62.
- 2. (Acc. to II.) Extravagantly, immoderately: cum inaniter et effuse animus exsultat, Cic. Tusc. 4, 6, 13: amare, Plin. Ep. 6, 26, 2.
Comp.: dicere, Plin. Ep. 1, 20, 20: fovere, id. ib. 7, 24, 4: excipere, Suet. Ner. 22: favere, Tac. H. 1, 19.
Sup.: diligere, Plin. Ep. 7, 30, 1; id. Pan. 84, 4.