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penna or pinna (old forms, pesna, petna, Fest. p. 205, 209 Müll.), f. [orig. different words, penna for petna; root petor pat-; Sanscr. patāmi, to fly; Gr. πέτομαι, prop. a wing: pinna for pitna; cf. Sanscr. pitu; Gr. πίτυς, the pine-tree; Lat. pinus; cf.: spiculum, spina; prop. a sharp point or end. To a late period an effort was made to distinguish them: nec miretur (puer), cur … fiat a pinno quod est acutum, securis utrimque habens aciem bipennis, ne illorum sequatur errorem, qui, quia a pennis duabus hoc esse nomen existimant, pennas avium dici volunt, Quint. 1, 4, 12 Halm: pinnum enim antiqui acutum dicebant, Isid. Orig. 19, 19, 11 dub. (v. 1. pennus): pinnas murorum, pennas avium dicimus, Flav. Cap. p. 2243 P. This dictum of the old grammar we have to retain, although the distinction is neither etymologically sound nor is it always practically true; cf. bipennis, Bramb. Lat. Orthog. p. 118. In MSS. and edd. the two forms have mostly been used indiscriminately in all meanings except II. D. E. F. infra, in which pinna only is found; cf. esp. Wagn. Orth. Verg. p. 465; Rib. prol. Verg. p. 441 sq.; Corss. Ausspr. 2, p. 270 sq.], a feather on the body of a winged creature (syn. pluma).

  1. I. Lit.
          1. (α) Form penna: sine pennis volare haud facile est: meae alae pennas non habent, Plaut. Poen. 4, 2, 48: pennarum tuarum nitor, Phaedr. 1, 13, 6: maduere graves aspergine pennae, Ov. M. 4, 728.
          2. (β) Form pinna: (aves) pullos pinnis fovent, Cic. N. D. 2, 52, 129: pinnarum caules omnium cavi, Plin. 11, 39, 34, § 97; Sen. Ep. 42, 4: ova parire solet genus pinnis condecoratum, Enn. ap. Varr. L. L. 5, § 59 Müll. (Ann. v. 10 Vahl.): conveniebat corvos ex albis album pinnis jactare colorem, Lucr. 2, 823 Munro: galli salaces, frequentibus pinnis, Varr. R. R. 3, 9, 5; Col. 8, 2, 10: nam his rebus plumam pinnasque emundant, id. ib. 9, 14, 7: ut statim per somnum hianti pinna in os inderetur, Suet. Claud. 33.
  2. II. Transf.
    1. A. In plur.: pennae (pinnae), a wing (syn. ala).
          1. (α) Form pennae: age tu, sis, sine pennis vola, Plaut. As. 1, 1, 80: quatere in aëre, Ov. M. 4, 676: pennis resumptis, id. ib. 4, 664: vertere, to fly away, Prop. 2, 24, 22 (3, 19, 6): penna, collect. for the wings, Ov. M. 2, 376.
          2. (β) Form pinnae: geminis secat aëra pinnis, Cic. Arat. 48 (282): pinnas explicare, Ov. Am. 2, 6, 55: o Fides alma, apta pinnis, Enn. ap. Cic. Off. 3, 29, 104 (Trag. v. 410 Vahl.): densis ales pinnis obnixa, id. ap. Prob. ad Verg. E. 6, 31 (Ann. v. 148 ib.): (aquila) praepetibus pinnis (B. and K.; al. pennis), Cic. poët. Div. 1, 47, 106.
            Of bees: pinnis coruscant, Verg. G. 4, 73.
            Of locusts: pinnarum stridor, Plin. 11, 29, 35, § 104.
            Of gnats: pinnae culicis, Plin. 11, 2, 1, § 3.
            Prov.: pinnas incidere alicui, to clip one’s wings, i. e. to deprive one of power or rank, Cic. Att. 4, 2, 5; so, decisis humilis pinnis, with clipped wings, i. e. with disappointed hopes, Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 50; cf. the opp.: extendere pinnas, to spread out one’s wings, i. e. to attempt great things, id. ib. 1, 20, 21.
        1. b. Poet., a flying, flight.
          1. (α) Form penna: felicibus edita pennis, i. e. with a happy omen from the flight of birds, Prop. 3, 10 (4, 9), 11; Sil. 3, 344; Val. Fl. 1, 231.
          2. (β) Form pinna: pinnā veras dare notas, Ov. F. 1, 448.
    2. B. A feather on an arrow (poet.).
      1. 1. Form penna: per jugulum pennis tenus acta sagitta est, Ov. M. 6, 258.
        Hence,
      2. 2. Meton., an arrow (poet.).
          1. (α) Form penna: cervos pennā petere, Val. Fl. 6, 421.
          2. (β) Form pinna: olor trajectus pinnā, Ov. F. 2, 110.
    3. C. In late Lat., a pen.
      Form penna: instrumenta scribae, calamus et penna: sed calamus arboris est, penna avis, Isid. Orig. 6, 14.
    4. D. A fin.
      Form pinna, Plin. 9, 13, 15, § 42.
    5. E. A pinnacle.
      Form pinna: turres contabulantur, pinnae loricaeque ex cratibus attexuntur, Caes. B. G. 5, 39; 7, 72: milites Metelli … a pinnis hostis defendebant facillime funditore, Quadrig. ap. Gell. 9, 1, 1; Verg. A. 7, 159: templi, Vulg. Luc. 4, 9.
  3. F. In mechanics.
      1. 1. A float or bucket of a water-wheel.
        Form pinna, Vitr. 10, 10.
      2. 2. A stop or key of a water-organ.
        Form pinna, Vitr. 10, 13.

Pĕta, ae, f. [peto], the goddess of praying or entreaty, Arn. 4, 131.‡ † pĕtălum, i, n., = πέταλον, a metal plate: petalum, aurea lamina in fronte pontificis, quae nomen Dei tetragrammaton Hebraicis litteris habebat scriptum, Isid. Orig. 29, 21.

pĕtămĭnārĭus, ii, m. [πετάμενος], a tumbler, rope-dancer (post-class.), Firm. Math. 8, 15; Salv. Gub. D. 6, 3.

pĕtăsātus, a, um, adj. [petasus], with a travelling-cap on, i. e. ready for a journey (class.): petasati veniunt, Cic. Fam. 15, 17, 1; Varr. ap. Non. 4, 319; Suet. Aug. 82; Hier. prooem. in Zachar. 1, 2.

† pĕtăsĭo and pĕtăso, ōnis, m., = πετασών, a leg or pestle of pork, esp. the shoulder (opp. perna, the ham): e Galliā apportantur Romam pernae tomacinae et taniacae, et petasiones, Varr. R. R. 2, 4, 10: pulpam dubio de petasone voras, i. e. that has already begun to turn, Mart. 3, 77, 6.

1. pĕtăsuncŭlus, i, m. dim. [petaso], a little leg or pestle of pork: siccus petasunculus, Juv. 7, 119.

2. pĕtăsuncŭlus, i, m. dim. [petasus], a small travelling-cap, Arn. 6, 198.

† pĕtăsus, i, m., = πέτασος, a travelling hat or cap, with a broad brim (cf.: pileus, cucullus).

  1. I. Lit., Plaut. Ps. 2, 4, 45; 4, 7, 90; id. Am. prol. 143; Arn. 6, 197.
  2. II. Transf., something in the shape of a cap, placed on a building, a cap, cupola, Plin. 36, 13, 19, § 92.

† pĕtaurista and -es, ae, m., = πεταυριστής, a tumbler, vaulter, rope-dancer.

  1. I. Lit.: petauristae a veteribus dicebantur qui saltibus vel schemis levioribus moverentur, et haec proprietas a Graecā nominatione descendit, ἀπὸ τοῦ πετᾶσθαι, Non. 56, 26; Varr. ap. Non. 1. 1.; cf.: petauristas Lucilius a petauro appellatos existimare videtur. At Aelius Stilo, quod in aëre volent, Fest. p. 206 Müll.
  2. II. Transf., of animals that leap very high, Plin. 11, 33, 39, § 115.

† pĕtauristārĭus, ii, m. [petaurista], a tumbler, rope-dancer (post-Aug.), Petr. 53; 60; Firm. Math. 8, 15.

† pĕtaurum, i, n., = πέταυρον, a stage or spring-board used by tumblers and rope-dancers, Lucil. ap. Fest. s. v. petauristae, p. 206 Müll.; Mart. 2, 86, 8; 11, 21, 3; Juv. 14, 265; Manil. 5, 434; Petr. Fragm. 13.

pĕtax, ācis, adj. [peto], catching at, striving after, greedy for any thing; with gen. (post-class.): ornatūs petax, Fulg. Myth. 2, 1: potentiae petax, id. ib. 2, 3.
Hence, adv. comp.: pĕtācĭus, more greedily, Avien. Progn. 432.

Pĕtēlĭa (also Pĕtīlĭa and Pĕtellĭa), ae, f., = Πετηλία

  1. I. A very ancient town in the Bruttian territory, north of Croton, colonized by Lucanians, near the mod. Strongoli, Liv. 23, 30; Verg. A. 3, 402; Mel. 2, 4, 8; Plin. 3, 10, 15, § 96.
    Hence,
    1. B. Pĕtēlī-nus (Pĕtellīn-), a, um, adj., Petelian: Petelinus lucus, near Rome, Liv. 6, 20: Petelina fides, Val. Max. 6, 6 fin.
      Subst.:       Pĕtēlīni, ōrum, m., the inhabitants of Petelia, the Petelians, Inscr. Orell. 3678.
  2. II. A city on the western coast of Lucania, between Paestum and Velia, Val. Max. 9, 8, ext. 1.
    Hence,
    1. B. ‡ Pĕtēlīni, ōrum, m., the Petelians, Inscr. Orell. 137; 3939.

Pĕtēlīnus (Pĕtell-), a, um, v. Petelia, I. B. and II. B.

Pĕtĕōn, ōnis, f., = Πετεών, a town in Bœotia, Stat. Th. 7, 333; Plin. 4, 7, 12, § 26.

pĕtesso and pĕtisso, ĕre, v. intens. a. [peto], to strive after or seek for repeatedly or eagerly, to pursue; with acc. (rare but class.): petissere antiqui pro petere dicebant. Sed, ut mihi videtur, cum significabant saepius petere, Fest. p. 206 Müll.; cf.: petissere petere, Paul. ex Fest. p. 212 ib.: pugnam caedesque petessit, Lucr. 3, 648: auras petessens, id. 5, 810: laudem, Cic. Tusc. 2, 26, 62.

pĕtībĭlis, e, adj. [peto], capable of being demanded (eccl. Lat.), Possid. Vita, Aug. 20.

pĕtīgĭnōsus, a, um, adj. [petigo], full of scabs or eruptions, scabby (post-class.), Theod. Prisc. 1, 12.

pĕtīgo, ĭnis, f., a scab, an eruption (anteclass.): petigo genus morbi. Lucilius, lib. XXX.: illuvies, scabies . . . petigo, Non. 160, 17 sq. (others read, deque petigo; so in Cato, R. R. 157 fin., Schneid. reads depetigini).

Pĕtīlĭa, ae, v. Petelia.

Pĕtīlĭānus, a, um, v. Petilius, B.

pĕtīlĭum, ii, n., an autumnal flower, otherwise unknown, Plin. 21, 8, 25, § 49.

Pĕtīlĭus, a, name of a Roman gens.
Hence,

  1. A. Pĕtīlĭus, a, um, adj., of or belonging to a Petilius, Petilian: lex, Liv. 38, 55.
  2. B. Pĕtīlĭānus, a, um, adj., Petilian: regna, i. e. the villa of a certain Petilius, otherwise unknown, Mart. 12, 57, 19.

pĕtīlus, a, um, adj., thin, slender (anteclass.): petilum tenue et exile, Non. 149, 7 sq.; Lucil. and Plaut. ap. Non. 1. 1.: petilam suram, siccam et substrictam vulgo interpretantur: Scaevola ait, ungulam albam equi ita dici, Fest. p. 205 Müll.

pĕtĭmen, ĭnis, n., perh. a sore on the shoulder of beasts of burden or draught (ante-class.): petimina in umeris jumentorum ulcera: eo nomine autem et inter duos armos suis quod est aut pectus solitum appellari, testatur Naevius, Fest. p. 209 Müll.; cf.: petimina in umeris jumentorum ulcera, Paul. ex Fest. p. 208 ib.

Petīna, ae, f., Ælia, a wife of the emperor Claudius, whom he divorced before marrying Messalina, Suet. Claud. 26.

pĕtĭŏlus, i, m. dim. [pes], a little foot, little leg (post-Aug.).

  1. I. Lit.: nudus, Afr. ap. Non. 160, 16; Cels. 2, 18, 31: in petiolis capitulisque haedorum et vitulorum et agnorum, id. 2, 22, 2.
  2. II. Transf., a stem or stalk of fruits: petioli, quibus mala pendent, Col. Arb. 23, 2; of the olive, id. 12, 49, 8.

Petisĭus, a, am, adj., Petisian: mala, a small sort of apple, paradise-apples, Plin. 15, 14, 15, § 50.

pĕtisso, ĕre, v. petesso.

pĕtītĭo, ōnis, f. [peto].

  1. I. Lit., an attack, a blow, thrust, pass: tuas petiti ones effugi, Cic. Cat. 1, 6, 15; cf.: petitiones proprie dicimus impetus gladiorum, Serv. Verg. A. 9, 439.
    1. B. Trop., an attack made in words before a court of justice, Cic. Or. 68, 228; or in debate, id. Cat. 1, 6, 15; cf.: novi omnis hominis petitiones rationesque dicendi, methods of attack, Cic. Div. in Caecil. 14, 44; id. de Or. 3, 54, 206.
  2. II. In gen., a requesting, beseeching; a request, petition for any thing (postAug.), Plin. 29, 4, 19, § 66: huic quoque petitioni tuae negare non sustineo, Traj. ap. Plin. Ep. 10, 7 (23); Gell. 11, 16, 8 al.
      1. 2. Esp. (eccl. Lat.), a request offered to God, a prayer: impleat Dominus omnes petitiones tuas, Vulg. Psa. 19, 6; id. Phil. 4, 6; id. 1 Johan. 5, 15: petitionem offerre Domino Deo, Mos. et Rom. Leg. Coll. 16, 1, 4.
    1. B. In partic.
      1. 1. An applying or soliciting for office, an application, solicitation, candidacy, Cic. Att. 1, 1, 1: petitioni se dari, to become a candidate for office, id. Fam. 13, 10, 2: consulatus, Caes. B. C. 1, 22: pontificatūs, Sall. C. 49, 2: regni, Just. 1, 10, 17: tribunatūs et aedilitatis, Val. Max. 6, 9, 14: dare alicui petitionem consulatūs, to admit one as a candidate for the consulship, Suet. Caes. 26: abstinere petitione honorum, Tac. A. 2, 43; Suet. Caes. 28: petitioni se dare, to solicit an office, Cic. Fam. 13, 10.
      2. 2. A laying claim to any thing, a suit, petition, in private or civil cases (opp. the accusatio, in criminal cases): petitio pecuniae, Quint. 4, 4, 6: hereditatis, Dig. 44, 5, 3: integram petitionem relinquere, Cic. Rosc. Com. 18, 56.
      3. 3. A right of claim, a right to bring an action of recovery: cavere, neminem, cujus petitio sit, petiturum, Cic. Brut. 5, 18; Dig. 2, 14, 56.

‡ pĕtītĭuncŭla, ae, f. dim. [petitio], a little petition: petitiuncula, δεησίδιον, Gloss. Philox.

pĕtītor, ōris, m. [peto].

  1. I. In gen., a seeker, striver after any thing (poet.): famae, Luc. 1, 131.
  2. II. In partic.
    1. A. Polit. t. t., an applicant or candidate for an office (very rare for candidatus; not in Cic.), Scip. Afric. ap. Macr. S. 2, 10: e petitoribus non alios adjuvare aut ad honorem pati pervenire, Suet. Caes. 23: hic generosior Descendat in campum petitor, Hor. C. 3, 1, 10.
    2. B. Judicial t. t., a claimant, plaintiff, in private or civil suits (whereas he who prefers the complaint in a criminal case is termed accusator; class.): quis erat petitor? Fannius: quis reus? Flavius, Cic. Rosc. Com. 14, 42: petitoris personam capere, accusatoris deponere, id. Quint. 13, 45; Gai. Inst. 4, 94 et saep.
    3. C. A suitor, wooer (post-class.), App M. 4, p. 309 Oud.; Sen. Fragm. § 39 Haas; Cod. Th. 3, 7, 1; Ambros. in Luc. 8, 70 fin.
    4. D. In late Lat.: MILITIAE, a recruiting officer, Inscr. Grut. 531, 10; ib. Murat. 788, 7; 794, 7.

pĕtītōrĭus, a, um, adj. [petitor].

  1. I. In gen., of or belonging to solicitation (post-class.): artes petitorias exercere, Mamert. Grat. Act. ad Jul. 16, 2.
  2. II. In partic., of or belonging to the prosecution of a judicial claim, petitory (post-class.): judicium, Dig. 6, 1, 36: formula, Gai. Inst. 4, 91 sq.
    Hence, subst.: pĕtītōrĭum, ii, n., the complaint or declaration in a private action, Cod. Th. 10, 10, 29, § 1.

pĕtītrix, īcis, f. [petitor]

  1. I. A female applicant or candidate for office (post-Aug.), Auct. Quint. Decl. 252.
  2. II. Judicial t. t., a female claimant or plaintiff (post-class.): contra petitricem pronuntiavit, Dig. 36, 1, 74 fin.

pĕtītum, i, n., v. peto, II. B. 2. b.

pĕtītŭrio, īre, v. desid. a. [peto], to desire to sue for office, to long to become a candidate (rare but class.): video hominem valde petiturire, Cic. Att. 1, 14, 7.

1. pĕtītus, a, um, Part., from peto.

2. pĕtītus, ūs, m. [peto].

  1. I. An inclining towards any thing (poet.): terrae petitus, Lucr. 3, 172.
  2. II. A desire, request (post-class.) jussit eum consensu petituque omnium sententiam dicere, Gell. 18, 3, 6: petitu tuo adesse, App. Mag. 45 al.

pĕto, īvi and ĭi, ītum, 3 (perf. petīt, Verg. A. 9, 9; Ov F. 1, 109: petisti, Cic. Cat. 1, 5, 11; Verg. A. 4, 100; 12, 359: petistis, Auct. Her. 4, 15, 22: petissem, Cic. Verr. 1, 55, 145; Ov. M. 5, 26; Liv. 30, 25, 2: petisse, Cic. Quint. 11, 37; id. Verr. 2, 4, 63, § 140; Ov. M. 9, 623; cf. Neue, Formenl. 2, 516 sq.), v. a. [Sanscr. root pat-, to fall upon, fly, find; Gr. πετ- in πίπτω (πι-πέτω), to fall; cf. Lat. impetus and in πέτομαι, to fly; cf. Lat. penna, acci-pit-er, etc.; the root of πίπτω, and therefore orig. to fall, fall upon; hence, to endeavor to reach or attain any thing].

  1. I. To fall upon any thing.
    1. A. Lit.
      1. 1. In a hostile sense, to rush at, attack, assault, assail; to let fly at, aim a blow at, thrust at, etc. (class.; cf.: invado, aggredior): gladiatores et vitando caute, et petendo vehementer, Cic. Or. 68, 228: cujus latus mucro ille petebat, id. Lig. 3, 9: non latus aut ventrem, sed caput et collum petere, to thrust at, id. Mur. 26, 52: aliquem spiculo infeste, Liv. 2, 20: aliquem mālo, to throw an apple at any one, Verg. E. 3, 64: alicui ungue genas, Ov. A. A. 2, 452: aliquem saxis, id. de Nuce, 2: aprum jaculis, Suet. Tib. 72: aëra disco, Hor. S. 2, 2, 13: bello Penatìs, Verg. A. 3, 603: armis patriam, Vell. 2, 68, 3.
      2. 2. Without the notion of hostility: petere collum alicujus amplexu, to fall upon one’s neck, to embrace one, M. Cael. ap. Quint. 4, 2, 124.
        Esp. freq., to seek, to direct one’s course to, to go or repair to, to make for, travel to a place: grues loca calidiora petentes, Cic. N. D. 2, 49, 125: Cyzicum, id. Fam. 14, 4, 3: Dyrrhachium, id. Planc. 41, 97: naves, to seek, take refuge in their ships, Nep. Milt. 5, 5: caelum pennis, to fly, Ov. F. 3, 457: Graiis Phasi petite viris, visited by the Greeks, id. P. 4, 10, 52: Metellus Postumium ad bellum gerendum Africam petentem, … urbem egredi passus non est, attempting to go, starting, Val. Max. 1, 1, 2.
        Transf., of things, to proceed or go towards: campum petit amnis, Verg. G. 3, 522: mons petit astra, towers toward the stars, Ov. M. 1, 316: aliquem, to seek, go to a person: reginam, Verg. A. 1, 717: ut te supplex peterem, et tua limina adirem, id. ib. 6, 115: aliquid in locum or ad aliquem, to go to a place or person for something, to go in quest of, go to fetch: visum est tanti in extremam Italiam petere Brundisium ostreas, to go to Brundisium for oysters, Plin. 9, 54, 79, § 169: myrrham ad Troglodytas, id. 12, 15, 33, § 66: harena ad Aethiopas usque petitur, id. 36, 6, 9, § 51: collis, in quem vimina petebantur, id. 16, 10, 15, § 37: quaeque trans maria petimus, fetch, id. 19, 4, 19, §§ 58, 52.
  2. II. Trop.
    1. A. To attack, assail one with any thing (class.): aiiquem epistulā, Cic. Att. 2, 2, 2: aliquem fraude et insidiis, Liv. 40, 55: aliquem falsis criminibus, Tac. A. 4, 31.
    2. B. To demand, seek, require (cf. posco).
      1. 1. In gen.: ita petit asparagus, Varr. R. R. 1, 23: ex iis tantum, quantum res petet, hauriemus, Cic. de Or. 3, 31, 123: aliquem in vincula, Quint. 7, 1, 55: aliquem ad supplicium, id. 7, 6, 6: poenas ab aliquo, to seek satisfaction from or revenge one’s self on any one. ut poenas ab optimo quoque peteret sui doloris, Cic. Att. 1, 16, 7: ut merito ab eā poenas liberi sui petere debuerint, Quint. 3, 11, 12.
      2. 2. In partic.
        1. a. To demand or claim at law, to bring an action to recover, to sue for any thing (syn.: postulo): causam dicere Prius unde petitur … Quam ille qui petit, Ter. Eun. prol. 11: qui per se litem contestatur, sibi soli petit, Cic. Rosc Com. 18, 53: aliquando cum servis Habiti furti egit; nuper ab ipso Habito petere coepit, id. Clu. 59, 163: qui non calumniā litium alienos fundos, sed castris, exercitu, signis inferendis petebat, id. Mil. 27, 74.
        2. b. To beg, beseech, ask, request, desire, entreat (syn.: rogo, flagito, obsecro); constr with ab and abl. of pers. (cf. infra); ante- and postclass., with acc. of pers.: vos volo, vos peto atque obsecro, Plaut. Curc. 1, 2, 60; freq. with ut: a te etiam atque etiam peto atque contendo, ut, etc., Cic. Fam. 13, 1, 5: peto quaesoque, ut, etc., id. ib. 5, 4, 2: peto igitur a te, vel, si pateris, oro, ut, id. ib. 9, 13, 3: petere in beneficii loco et gratiae, ut, id. Verr 2, 3, 82, § 189: petere precibus per litteras ab aliquo, ut, id. Sull. 19, 55: pacem ab aliquo, Caes. B. G. 2, 13: opem ab aliquo, Cic. Tusc. 5, 2, 5: vitam nocenti, Tac. A. 2, 31: petito, ut intrare urbem liceret, Just. 43, 5, 6.
          Also, with id or illud, and ut, etc.: illud autem te peto, ut, etc., Dolab. ap. Cic. Fam. 9, 9, 2.
          With obj.-clause (mostly poet.): arma umeris arcumque animosa petebat Ferre, Stat. Achill. 1, 352; cf.: cum peteret (solum) donari quasi proprio suo deo, Suet. Aug. 5: petit aes sibi dari εις ἄρτους, Gell. 9, 2, 1.
          De aliquo (for ab aliquo), to beg or request of one (post-class.): si de me petisses, ut, etc., Dig. 13, 6, 5.
          Ab aliquo aliquid alicui, to beg a thing of one person for another (class.): M. Curtio tribunatum a Caesare petivi, Cic. Q. Fr. 2, 15, 3: ab aliquo pro aliquo petere, to intercede for: in eorum studiis, qui a te pro Ligario petunt, Cic. Lig. 10, 31.
          With ex and abl. pers. (v. infra d.): eum petit litteris, ut ad Britanniam proficisceretur, Capitol. Pertin. 3, 5; Eutr. 2, 24.
          Hence, pĕtītum, i, n., a prayer, desire, request, entreaty, Cat. 68, 39.
          1. (β) Polit. t. t., to apply or solicit for an office, to be a candidate for office (different from ambire, to go about among the people to collect their votes, to canvass, which took place after the petitio): nemo est ex iis, qui nunc petunt, qui, etc., Cic. Att. 1, 1, 2: consulatum, id. Phil. 2, 30, 76: praeturam, id. Verr. 1, 8, 23; Liv. 1, 35.
        3. c. To solicit a person, to seek to possess, to woo: libidine sic accensa (Sempronia) ut viros saepius peteret quam peteretur, Sall. C. 25, 3: cum te tam multi peterent, tu me una petisti, Prop. 3, 13, 27: formosam quisque petit, id. 3, 32, 4: multi illam petiere, Ov. M. 1, 478; cf.: quae tuus Vir petet, cave, ne neges; Ne petitum aliunde eat, Cat. 61, 151.
        4. d. To endeavor to obtain or pursue, to seek, strive after any thing, Plaut. Ep. 1, 2, 40: fugā salutem petere, Nep. Hann. 11, 4: praedam pedibus, Ov. M. 1, 534: gloriam, Sall. C. 54, 5: eloquentiae principatum, Cic. Or. 17, 56: sanguinis profusio vel fortuita vel petita, intentional, designed, produced by artificial means, Cels. 2, 8.
          With inf.: bene vivere, Hor. Ep. 1, 11, 29: victricemque petunt dextrae conjungere dextram, Ov. M. 8, 421; 14, 571: conubiis natam sociare Latinis, Verg. A. 7, 96: aliquem transfigere ferro, Mart. 5, 51, 3.
          With ex and abl., over, in the case of: ex hostibus victoriam petere, Liv. 8, 33, 13: supplicium ex se, non victoriam peti, id. 28, 19, 11: imperium ex victis hostibus populum Romanum petere, id. 30, 16, 7.
        5. e. To fetch any thing: qui argentum petit, Plaut. Ep. 1, 1, 53: cibum e flammā, Ter. Eun, 3, 2, 38: altius initium rei demonstrandae, Cic. Caecin. 4, 10: aliquid a Graecis, id. Ac. 1, 2, 8: a litteris exiguam doloris oblivionem, to obtain, id. Fam. 5, 15, 4: suspirium alte, to fetch a deep sigh, Plaut. Cist. 1, 1, 57; cf.: latere petitus imo spiritus, Hor. Epod. 11, 10; and: gemitus alto de corde petiti, Ov. M. 2, 622: haec ex veteri memoriā petita, Tac. H. 3, 5, 1.
        6. f. To take, betake one’s self to any thing: iter a Vibone Brundisium terrā petere contendi, Cic. Planc. 40, 96: diversas vias, Val. Fl. 1, 91: alium cursum, to take another route, Cic. Att. 3, 8, 2: aliam in partem petebant fugam, betook themselves to flight, fled, Caes. B. G. 2, 24.
        7. g. To refer to, relate to (poet.): Trojanos haec monstra petunt, Verg. A. 9, 128.

†† pĕtōrĭtum or pĕtorrĭtum, i, n. [Celtic petor, four, and rit, wheel], an open, four- wheeled carriage, of Gallic origin: petoritum et Gallicum vehiculum esse, et nomen ejus dictum existimant a numero quattuor rotarum: alii Osce, quod hi quoque petora quattuor vocent: alii Graece, sed αιολικῶς dictum, Fest. p. 206 Müll.; Gell. 15, 30, 1; Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 192; id. S. 1, 6, 104; cf. also Plin. 34, 17, 48, § 163; Aus. Ep. 5, 35; 8, 5.

Pĕtŏsīris, ĭdis, m., = Πετόσιρις, a celebrated Egyptian mathematician and astrologer, Plin. 2, 23, 21, § 88; 7, 49, 50, § 160; Firm. Math. 4, praef.
Hence, transf., a great mathematician, astrologer, in gen., Juv. 6, 580.

Petovĭo or Poetovĭo, ōnis, f., a city in Pannonia, the modern Pettau, Tac. H. 3, 1; Inscr. Orell. 3592.

† 1. pē̆tra, ae, f., = πέτρα, a rock, a crag, stone (pure Lat. saxum; cf.: rupes, scopulus): petrarum genera sunt duo, quorum alterum naturale saxum prominens in mare; alterum manufactum ut docet Aelius Gallus: Petra est, qui locus dextrā ac sinistrā fornicem expletur usque ad libramentum summi fornicis, Fest. p. 206 Müll. (of the latter signif. there is no other example known): petris ingentibus tecta, Enn. ap. Fest. 1. 1. (Ann. v. 366); Sen. Herc. Oet. 804: aquam de petrā produxit, Vulg. Isa. 48, 21 et saep.: gaviae in petris nidificant, Plin. 10, 32, 48, § 91: alga, quae juxta terram in petris nascitur, id. 32, 6, 22, § 66; 34, 12, 29, § 117; Curt. 7, 11, 1.

2. Pē̆tra, ae, f., = Πέτρα, the name of several cities.

  1. I. A city in Arabia Petrœa, now the ruins of Wadi Musa, Plin. 6, 28, 32, § 144; Vulg. Jer. 48, 28.
    Hence,
    1. B. Pē̆traeus, a, um, adj., Petrean: balanus, Plin. 12, 21, 46, § 102: hypericon, id. 12, 25, 54, § 119.
  2. II. A city in Pieria, Liv. 29, 26.
  3. III. A city in Thrace, Liv. 40, 22.
  4. IV. A city in Umbria, called Petra Pertusa, now Il Furlo, Aur. Vict. Epist. in Vespas. 17.
  5. V. A hill near Dyrrachium, Caes. B. C. 3, 42.

3. Petra, ae, m., a Roman proper name, Tac. A. 11, 4.

‡ petrăbŭlum, i, n., = πετρόβολον, a stone-thrower, catapult, Not. Tir. p. 179.

† 1. petraeus, a, um, adj., = πετραῖος, that grows among rocks, rock- (post-Aug.) brassica, Plin. 20, 9, 36, § 92.

2. Pĕtraeus, a, um, v. 2. Petra, I. B.

petrālis, e, adj. [petra], stony (eccl. Lat.), Cassiod. in Psa. 39, 2.

Petrēĭus, i, m., name of a Roman gens.
So, esp, a lieutenant of Pompey in the civil war, Caes. B. C. 1, 38; 63; cf. Cic. Att. 8, 2, 3. He is probably the same person with M. Petrejus, lieutenant of the consul C. Antonius, who defeated the followers of Catiline at Fœsulœ, A. U. C. 692; Cic. Sest. 5, 12; Sall. C. 59, 5 sq.
Hence,

  1. A. Petrēius, a, um, adj., Petreian; here prob. belongs: petreia vocabatur, quae pompam praecedens in coloniis aut municipiis imitabatur anum ebriam, ab agri vitio, scilicet petris, appellata, Paul. ex Fest. p. 243, 5 Müll.; cf. Fest. p. 242, 14 ib.
  2. B. Petrēiānus, a, um, adj., of or belonging to Petreius, Petreian: auxilium, Auct. B. Afr. 19.

Petrenses, ĭum, m., the inhabitants of the city of Petra, in Sicily, Sol. 5.

petrensis, e, adj. [1. petra], found among rocks or stones (post-class.): pisces, Cael. Aur. Tard. 2, 1, 26.

Petrĕus, a, um, adj. [1. petra or Petrus], Petrean (eccl. Lat.): istae spinae, Petra et Petro transeunte, petreis pedibus tritae sunt, of rock or stone, or pertaining to the Apostle Peter, Aug. Serm. 297, 2 fin.

Petrīni, ōrum, m., the inhabitants of the city of Petra, in Sicily, the Petreans, Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 39, § 90; Plin. 3, 8, 14, § 91.

Petrīnum, i, n., a villa near Sinuessa, in Campania, Hor. Ep. 1, 5, 5; Cic. Fam. 6, 19, 1.

† petrĭnus, a, um, adj., = πέτρινος, of stone, stone- (eccl. Lat.): acies, Tert. adv. Marc. 3, 16.

† petrītes, ae, m., = πετρίτης (οἶνος), a kind of wine, perh. from the city of Petra, in Arabia, Plin. 14, 7, 9, § 75.

1. pē̆tro, ōnis, m. [1. petra].

  1. I. A rustic: petrones rustici fere dicuntur, etc., Fest. p. 206, 23 Müll.; cf.: petrones rustici a petrarum asperitate et duritiā dicti, Paul. ex Fest. p. 207, 6 ib.
  2. II. An old wether, whose flesh is as hard as a stone (anteclass.), Plaut. Capt. 4, 2, 40.

2. Petro, ōnis, m. [1. petra], a Roman surname, Suet. Vesp. 1.

Petrŏcŏrĭi, ōrum, m., a Gallic tribe in Aquitania, in the mod. Périgueux, Caes. B. G. 7, 75; Plin. 4, 19, 33, § 109; sing., Inscr Maff. Mus. Ver 450, 8.

Pē̆trōnĭa, ae, v. 2. Petronius.

Pē̆trōnĭānus, a, um, adj., v. 2. Petronius, B.

1. pē̆trōnĭus, a, um, adj. [1. petra], rock-, crag-, mountain- (very rare): canes, Grat. Cyneg. 202.

2. Pē̆trōnĭus, i, m., name of a Roman gens.
So, esp.: Petronius Arbiter, a Roman knight, a favorite of the emperor Nero, perh. the same person with Petronius, the author of a Latin romance which is preserved in a fragmentary state, Tac. A. 16, 17 sq.
In fem.: Pē̆trōnĭa, ae, the first wife of the emperor Vitellius, Tac. H. 2, 64; Suet. Vit. 6.
Hence,

  1. A. Pē̆trōnĭus, a, um, adj., of or belonging to a Petronius, Petronian: Petronia amnis est in Tiberim profluens, quam magistratus auspicato transeunt, cum in campo quid agere voluntquod genus auspicii peremne vocatur, Fest. p. 250 Müll.: Petronia lex, respecting slaves: post legem Petroniam et senatusconsulta ad eam legem pertinentia, dominis, potestas ablata est ad bestias depugnandas suo arbitrio servos tradere, Dig. 48, 8, 11, § 3; ib. 40, 1, 24.
  2. B. Pē̆trōnĭānus, a, um, adj., of or belonging to a Petronius, Petronian: Petroniana Albucia, Fulg. Myth. praef. 1.

† petrŏsĕlīnon (-īnum), i, n., = πετροσέλινον, rock-parsley, Plin. 20, 12, 47, § 118; Pall. 5, 3.

petrōsus, a, um, adj. [1. petra], full of rocks, rocky (post-Aug.): loca, Plin. 9, 31, 50, § 96.
Subst.: petrōsa, ōrum, n., rocky places: maritima, Plin. 26, 8, 29, § 46; Ambros. Laps. Virg. 7, 29: aliud cecidit super petrosa, Vulg. Marc. 4, 5; id. Matt. 13, 5.

‡ pē̆trōtos, on, adj. [πετρόω], stony, petrified: quae modicos calices duos quos appellabant petrotos HS. V[dibreve]I = . venderet, Plin. 36, 26, 66, § 195 Jan. (dub.; al. pterotos).

Pettălus, i, m., the mythic name of a hero who sought to attack Perseus at the court of Cepheus, Ov. M. 5, 115.

pĕtŭlans, antis, adj. [prop. part. of the obsol. petulo, from peto, qs. falling upon or assailing in jest, i. e.], forward, pert, saucy, impudent, wanton, freakish, petulant.

  1. I. In gen. (class.; syn.: protervus, lascivus, procax): petulantes et petulci etiam appellantur, qui protervo impetu, et crebro petunt laedendi alterius gratiā, Fest. p. 206 Müll.: homo, Cic. de Or. 2, 75, 305: effuse petulans, id. Pis. 5, 10: animalia, Gell. 17, 20, 8: pictura, Plin. 35, 11, 40, § 140: petulans et furiosum genus dicendi, Cic. Brut. 68, 241: Tarentum, Juv. 6, 297.
    Comp., Arn. 4, 151.
    Sup.: imitatio petulantissima, Petr. 92.
  2. II. In partic., wanton, lascivious (class.): si petulans fuisset in aliquā generosā nobili virgine, Cic. Par. 3, 1, 20.
    Adv.: pĕtŭlanter, pertly, wantonly, impudently, petulantly (class.): in aliquem invehi, Cic. Att. 2, 19, 3: vivere, id. Cael. 16, 38.
    Comp.: petulantius, Cic. Cael. 3, 6.
    Sup.: petulantissime, Cic. Att. 9, 19, 1.

pĕtŭlantĭa, ae, f. [petulans].

  1. I. Lit., sauciness, freakishness, impudence, wantonness, petulance (class.; syn. lascivia): itaque a petendo petulantia, a procando, id est poscendo, procacitas nominata est, Cic. Fragm. ap. Non. 23, 18: petulantia et libido magis est adulescentium quam senum, id. Sen. 11, 36: petulantia et audacia, id. Caecin. 35, 103; cf.: te non ulla meae laesit petulantia linguae, Prop. 1, 16, 37.
    In plur.: Naevius … cum ob assiduam maledicentiam et probra in principes civitatis … in vincula conjectus esset … in his fabulis, delicta sua et petulantias dictorum, quibus multos ante laeserat, diluisset, insolent language, libels, Gell. 3, 3, 15.
    1. B. In a milder sense, carelessness, heedlessness (ante-class.): linguae, Suet. Tib. 61; Plaut. Cist. 4, 2, 3.
  2. II. Transf.
    1. A. Of animals, viciousness: cornuti fere perniciosi sunt propter petulantiam, Col. 7, 6, 4.
    2. B. Of things, exuberance, luxuriance: ramorum, Plin. 16, 30, 53, § 124: morbi, violence, Gell. 12, 5, 9.

pĕtulcus, a, um, adj. [peto; cf. petulans init.], butting, apt to butt, with the horns or head (poet. and post-Aug.).

  1. I. Lit.: agni, Lucr. 2, 368: haedi, Verg. G. 4, 10: caper velaries, Col. 7, 3, 5.
  2. II. Transf., frisky, wanton: haedi petulci dicti ab appetendo: unde et meretrices petulcas vocamus, Serv. Verg. G. 4, 10.