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dē-fendo, di, sum
(
- I. infin. pass. parag.: defendier, Verg. A. 8, 493: Juv. 15, 157.
Part. gen. plur. sync.: defendentum, Verg. A. 11, 886), 3, v. a. [arch.: FENDO; cf. Sanscr. han (ghan), to smite; Gr. θείνω; hence, also offendo, infensus, infestus, mani-festus; cf. fustis], to fend or ward off any thing hostile or injurious; to repel, avert, keep off: propulsando arcere (for syn. cf.: tueor, tutor, servo, conservo. propugno, protego, vindico, caveo—freq. and class.); regularly constr. with acc. alone (so in Cic. and Caes.); very rarely aliquid (aliquem) ab aliquo, and in poets also aliquid alicui; cf. Zumpt. Gr. § 469.
- (α) Aliquid (aliquem): ut tu morbos calamitates intemperiasque prohibessis, defendas averruncesque, Cato R. R. 141, 2: serva cives, defende hostes, cum potes defendere, Enn. ap. Non. 277, 21; cf. bellum (opp. inferre), Caes. B. G. 1, 44, 13; 2, 29 fin.: ad defendendos ictus ac repellendos, id. B. C. 2, 9, 3; cf.: ignis jactus et lapides, id. ib. 2, 2, 4: frigus et solem, Cato R. R. 48, 2; cf.: nimios solis ardores, Cic. de Sen. 15, 53; and frigus, Hor. S. 1, 3, 14; also: sitim fonte et purā lymphā, to quench, Sil. 7, 170: qui non defendit injuriam neque propulsat, Cic. Off. 3, 18, 74; so, injuriam, id. Rosc. Am. 1: noxiam, Ter. Phorm. 1, 4, 48: imperatoris sui tribunorumque plebis injurias, Caes. B. C. 1, 7 fin.: vim suorum, id. ib. 3, 110, 4; cf.: vim illatam vi, Cic. Mil. 4: pericula, id. Mur. 3; Tac. A. 13, 56: hunc furorem, Verg. A. 10, 905: dedecus manu, Sil. 13, 99 et saep.: crimen, to answer, defend against an accusation, Liv. 42, 48, 2.
- (β) With ab: (milites) a pinnis hostes defendebant facillime, Quadrig. ap. Gell. 9, 1, 1; cf. ib. 8: hostem a fossa, Hirt. B. G. 8, 9: ignem a tectis, Ov. R. Am. 625.
- (γ) Aliquid alicui (cf. arceo, no. II. d.): iniuriam foribus, Plaut. Most. 4, 2, 20: solstitium pecori, Verg. E. 7, 47; cf.: aestatem capellis, Hor. Od. 1, 17, 3; Prop. 1, 20, 11: tela misero, Sil. 17, 432: dedecus morti, id. 5, 490: senium famae, Stat. Th. 9, 318.
- (δ) Absol., to put a stop (to a fire), to check the flames: nec quisquam defendere audebat, crebris minis restinguere prohibentium, Tac. A. 15, 38; cf.: urbem incendere, feris in populum immissis, quo difficilius defenderentur, Suet. Ner. 43.
- II. Transf., like prohibere, with acc. of that from which any thing is warded off or averted, to defend, guard, protect, cover.
- A. In gen. (so most freq. in all perr. and species of composition), constr. with acc. alone; with acc. and ab aliquo (contra aliquid), or merely ab aliquo; and absol.
- (α) With simple acc.: Aeduos ceterosque amicos populi Rom., Caes. B. G. 1, 35 fin.: eos, id. ib. 2, 10, 4; id. B. C. 1, 6, 2: se armis, id. B. G. 6, 34: se manu, id. ib. 5, 7, 8; 6, 40, 6 et saep.: castra, id. ib. 3, 3 fin.; id. B. C. 3, 67, 5; 3, 94, 6 (with tueri): oppidum, id. B. G. 3, 16, 3 et saep.: eum defendo, quem tu accusas, Cic. Sull. 17: aliquem apud praetores, id. Clu. 45, 126: aliquem de ambitu, id. Sull. 2, 6: cf. causam, id. Clu. 27, 74; id. Sull. 31, 86; id. Lael. 25, 96 et passim: d. ac tegere scelus, id. Sull. 31, 86; cf. with protegere, id. ib. 18, 50: justitiam, id. Lael. 7, 25: communem salutem, id. Rep. 1, 1; id. Mur. 2 fin. et saep.: locum, to preserve, maintain, id. Quint. 13, 43; cf.: vicem modo rhetoris atque poëtae, to sustain, Hor. S. 1, 10, 12: actorum partes, id. A. P. 194: aedes Vestae vix defensa est (sc. ab incendio), preserved, Liv. 26, 27.
- (β) Aliquid (aliquem) ab aliquo: Aedui cum se suaque ab iis defendere non possent, Caes. B. G. 1, 11, 2: se a finitimis, id. ib. 2, 31, 5; id. B. C. 1, 75, 3; Sall. C. 45, 4 et saep.: Galliam omnem ab Ariovisti injuria, Caes. B. G. 1, 31 fin.; so, aliquem ab injuria, id. ib. 5, 20, 3; Sall. C. 35 fin.; cf. Caes. B. C. 1, 22, 5: se regnumque suum ab Romanorum avaritia, Sall. J. 49, 2: provinciam non modo a calamitate, sed etiam a metu calamitatis, Cic. de Imp. Pomp. 6, 14: Italiam a vastatione, Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 15 fin.: vitam ab inimicorum audacia telisque, Cic. Mil. 2 fin.: libertatis causam ab regio praesidio, Liv. 39, 24 et saep.: teneras myrtos a frigore, Verg. E. 7, 6: frondes ab acutae vulnere falcis, a pecoris morsu, Ov. M. 9, 384 et saep.
- (γ) With ab aliquo: quod et ab incendio lapis et ab ariete materia defendit, Caes. B. G. 7, 23, 5; so id. B. C. 1, 25 fin.; 3, 63, 7.
- (δ) Aliquem (aliquid) contra, or adversus aliquem: me scio a te contra iniquos meos solere defendi, Cic. Fam. 11, 27, 7: sese adversus populum Romanum defendere, id. Phil. 1, 6, 13: me adversus Abrupolim, Liv. 42, 41, 10; Just. 2, 4, 32; Suet. Caes. 71; Liv. 5, 35, 4: auctoritatem contra invidiam, Cic. Phil, 8, 4; 13, 11; id. Fam. 5, 2, 6; id. Sest. 67, 141; 23, 51; 52, 111; id. Phil. 2, 18, 45.
(ε) Absol.: filii qui et sentire et defendere possent, Cic. Rosc. Am. 23, 64 fin.: cum jam defenderet nemo, Caes. B. G. 2, 33, 6: defendentibus civibus Romanis, id. B. C. 3, 40, 6; cf. in the abl. absol., id. B. G. 2, 12, 3; id. B. C. 3, 68 fin.; Cic. Lael. 25, 96 et saep.: quibus eae partes ad defendendum obvenerunt, Caes. B. G. 7, 81 fin.
- B. In partic.
- 1. Of speech, to defend, support, maintain; to bring forward, allege in defence (so repeatedly in Cic.; elsewhere rare).
- (α) With acc.: (Carneades) nullam umquam in illis suis disputationibus rem defendit, quam non probarit, Cic. de Or. 2, 38 fin.; cf. id. Fam. 4, 14: me id maxime defendisse, ut, etc., have chiefly striven for, id. Rosc. Am. 47; id. Verr. 2, 3, 37; 2, 5, 58.
- (β) With acc. and inf.: gravissimeque et verissime defenditur, numquam aequitatem ab utilitate posse sejungi, etc., Cic. Fin. 3, 21, 71; id. Verr. 2, 3, 90 fin.; id. Tull. 13, 32: ille nihil ex his sponte susceptum sed principi paruisse defendebat, Tac. A. 13, 43: sed id solitum esse fieri defendebat, Gell. 10, 19; so with verb pass. and inf., Cic. Inv. 2, 32 init.
- (γ) With a relative clause: (quae turpitudines) cur non cadant in sapientem, non est facile defendere, Cic. Fin. 2, 35, 117.
- 2. In the later jurid. Lat., to claim, vindicate, or prosecute at law: quia libertatem et hereditatem ex testamento sibi defendebat, Dig. 5, 3, 7: si patris mortem defendere necesse habuerit, i. e. legally to avenge his death, ib. 38, 2, 14, § 7; 48, 2, 11.
dēfensa, ae, f. [defendo], defence, Tert. adv. Marc. 2, 18, 1.