Lewis & Short

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cognōmen, ĭnis, n. [co-nomen].

  1. I. A name added to the nomen (or name of the gens), usu. the third word in order in the full name of each citizen; sometimes followed by a fourth, the agnomen, but in the class. per. including the agnomen, a Roman surname, family name, epithet (e. g. Cicero, Scipio, etc., Africanus, Asiaticus, etc.; cf. Quint. 7, 3, 27; freq. and class.): T. Manlius, qui Galli torque detracto cognomen (sc. Torquati) invenit, Cic. Off. 3, 31, 112; cf. id. Fin. 1, 7, 23: duo isti T. Roscii, quorum alteri Capitoni cognomen est, id. Rosc. Am. 6, 17; so with dat., Liv. 2, 33, 5; 32, 2, 7; Suet. Caes. 59; id. Aug. 7; id. Vit. 18; id. Claud. 26; Hor. S. 1, 3, 58; cf. Plaut. Pers. 1, 2, 8: sapientis habere, Cic. Lael. 2, 6: Augusti, Suet. Aug. 7: Arabiae felicis dare, Plin. 12, 13, 30, § 51: Felicem addere, id. 22, 6, 6, § 12: P. Crassus cum cognomine Dives, Cic. Off. 2, 16, 57: cognomen ex contumeliā traxerit, id. Phil. 3, 6, 16; so, ex vero dictum cognomen, Hor. S. 2, 2, 56: imponere alicui, id. ib. 2, 3, 26: Aristides … cognomine Justus sit appellatus, Nep. Arist. 1, 2: sumere ex aliquā re, Cic. Phil. 6, 4, 11: uti, id Clu. 26, 72.
  2. II. Meton., poet., or in post. Aug. prose sometimes, in gen. for nomen, a name: cognomina prisca locorum, Prop. 4 (5), 1, 69; so Verg. A. 1, 530; 3, 133; 3, 163; 3, 334; 3, 350; 8, 48; 8, 331 al.; Claud. B. Get. 555; Gell. 10, 12, 6.

cognōmĭnis, e (abl. cognomine, v. the foll.; cf.: bimestris, coelestis al.), adj. [cognomen], like-named, of the same name (mostly poet. or in post-Aug. prose); with gen., dat., or absol.: duae germanae meretrices cognomines, Plaut. Bacch. 1, 1, 5: cognomine Insubribus pago Haeduorum, Liv. 5, 34, 9 Weissenb. ad loc.: flumen Absarrum cum castello cognomine, Plin. 6, 4, 4, § 12: mox Asiacae cognomines flumini, id. 4, 12, 26, § 82: eorum, id. 6, 2, 2, § 5; Suet. Vit. 2: gaudet cognomine terrā, Verg. A. 6, 383 Forbig. ad loc. (Rib. terrae); Suet. Fragm. ap. Serv. ad Verg. A. 6, 383: cognominem patriae suae Salamina constituit, Vell. 1, 1, 1: sibi, Suet. Oth. 1.