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arma, ōrum, n. (gen. plur. armūm, Pac. ap. Cic. Or. 46, 155; Att. ap. Non. p. 495, 23, considered by Cic. in the connection armūm judicium as less correct than armorum) [cf. ΑΡΩ, ἀραρίσκω = to fit; ἄρθρον = joint; ἁρμός = armus = joint, shoulder; ἀρτάω = artio, arto = to fit, to fit in closely; ἄρτιος = fit, exact; artus = close, narrow; ars (artis) = the craft of fitting things; artifex, artificium; Goth. arms = O. H. Germ. aram = Engl. arm; Sanscr. ar = to hit upon, attain; aram = fit, fast; īrmas = arm. Curt.].

  1. I. Lit.
  1. A.
    1. 1. What is fitted to the body for its protection, defensive armor, as the shield, coat of mail, helmet, etc.: tot milia armorum, detracta corporibus hostium, Liv. 45, 39: induere arma, id. 30, 31: arma his imperata, galea, clipeum, ocreae, lorica, omnia ex aere, id. 1, 43: pictis et auro caelatis refulgens armis, id. 7, 10.
      1. 2. Specifically, a shield: at Lausum socii exanimem super arma ferebant, on a shield, Verg. A. 10, 841: caelestia arma, quae ancilia appellantur, Liv. 1, 20 (v. ancile); id. 8, 30; 1, 37; cf. Verg. A. 1, 119 Heyne; Tac. G. 11 Rup.; Plin. Ep. 5, 6, 43: Aeneas se collegit in arma, gathered himself under his shield, Verg. A. 12, 491.
        Hence, in a more extended sense,
    2. B. Implements of war, arms, both of defence and offence (but of the latter only those which are used in close contest, such as the sword, axe, club; in distinction from tela, which are used in contest at a distance; hence, arma and tela are often contrasted; v. the foll., and cf. Bremi and Dähne ad Nep. Dat. 11, 3): arma rigent, horrescunt tela, Enn. ap. Macr. S. 6, 4; id. ap. Non. p. 469, 26: arma alia ad tegendum, alia ad nocendum, Cic. Caec. 21: armis condicione positis aut defetigatione abjectis aut victoriā detractis, id. Fam. 6, 2: illum dicis cum armis aureis, Quoius etc., Plaut. Mil. 1, 1, 16: ibi Simul rem et gloriam armis belli repperi, Ter. Heaut. 1, 1, 60: arma antiqua manus, ungues dentesque fuerunt Et lapides, et item, silvarum fragmina, ramei, Lucr. 5, 1283; so, Mutum et turpe pecus (i. e. primeval man), glandem et cubilia propter Unguibus et pugnis, dein fustibus, atque ita porro Pugnabant armis, quae post fabricaverat usus, Hor. S. 1, 3, 100 sqq.: capere, Cic. Rosc. Am. 53, 153; id. Phil. 4, 3, 7; id. Rab. Perd. 6 and 7: sumere, id. Planc. 36, 88 Wund.; id. Tusc. 2, 24, 58; Vulg. Gen. 27, 3; ib. 3 Reg. 22, 30: accipere, ib. Judith, 14, 2: adprehendere, ib. Psa. 34, 2: resumere, Suet. Calig. 48: aptare, Liv. 5, 49: induere, id. 30, 31; Ov. M. 14, 798; id. F. 1, 521; Verg. A. 11, 83; Luc. 1, 126: accingi armis, Verg. A. 6, 184, and Vulg. Jud. 18, 11: armis instructus, ib. Deut. 1, 41; ib. 1 Par. 12, 13: concitare ad arma, Caes. B. G. 7, 42: descendere ad arma, id. ib. 7, 33: vocare ad arma, Cic. Rab. Perd. 7, 21: vocare in arma, Verg. A. 9, 22: ferre contra aliquem, Vell. 2, 56: decernere armis, Cic. Att. 7, 3: armis cum hoste certare, id. Off. 3, 22, 87; so, saevis armis, Verg. A. 12, 890: dimicare armis cum aliquo, Nep. Milt. 1, 2: esse in armis, Caes. B. G. 1, 49; Suet. Caes. 69: ponere, abicere, Cic. Fam. 6, 2: relinquere, Liv. 2, 10: tradere, Nep. Ham. 1, 5; Suet. Vit. 10: amittere, Verg. A. 1, 474: proicere, Vulg. 1 Macc. 5, 43; 7, 44: deripere militibus, Hor. C. 3, 5, 19: dirimere, Luc. 1, 104 et saep.
      Hence, arma virosque, per arma, per viros, etc., Liv. 8, 25; 8, 30 al.; v. Burm. ad Verg. A. 1, 1, and cf. Liv. 9, 24: tela et arma: armorum atque telorum portationes, Sall. C. 42, 2; Liv. 1, 25; Col. 12, 3; Tac. G. 29 and 33: armis et castris, prov. (like remis velisque, viris equisque), with vigor, with might and main, Cic. Off. 2, 24, 84.
  2. II. Trop., means of protection, defence, weapons: tenere semper arma (sc. eloquentiae), quibus vel tectus ipse esse possis, vel, etc., Cic. de Or. 1, 8, 32: prudentiae, id. ib. 1, 38, 172: senectutis, id. Lael. 4. 9: tectus Vulcaniis armis, id est fortitudine, id. Tusc. 2, 14, 33: eloquentiae, Quint. 5, 12, 21: facundiae, id. 2, 16, 10: justitiae, Vulg. Rom. 6, 13; ib. 2 Cor. 6, 7: arma lucis, ib. Rom. 13, 12: horriferum contra Borean ovis arma ministret, i. e. lanas, Ov. M. 15, 471: haec mihi Stertinius arma (i. e. praecepta) dedit, Hor. S. 2, 3, 297; cf. id. Ep. 1, 16, 67: arma militiae nostrae non carnalia sunt, Vulg. 2 Cor. 10, 4.
        1. a. War (once in opp. to pax, v. infra): silent leges inter arma, Cic. Mil. 4, 10; id. Att. 7, 3, 5: arma civilia, civil war, id. Fam. 2, 16, and Tac. A. 1, 9: civilia arma, id. Agr. 16; id. G. 37 (otherwise, bella civilia, Cic. Off. 1, 25, 86, and Tac. Agr. 13): ab externis armis otium erat, Liv. 3, 14; 9, 1; 3, 69 Drak.; 9, 32; 42, 2; Tac. H. 2, 1 al.: a Rubro Mari arma conatus sit inferre Italiae, Nep. Hann. 2, 1 (for which more freq. bellum inferre alicui, v. infero): ad horrida promptior arma, Ov. M. 1, 126: qui fera nuntiet arma, id. ib. 5, 4; 14, 479: compositis venerantur armis, Hor. C. 4, 14, 52. So the beginning of the Æneid: Arma virumque cano; cf. Hor. Ep. 1, 19, 7: melius visum Gallos novam gentem pace potius cognosci quam armis, Liv. 5, 35 fin.; cf.: cedant arma togae, Cic. Off. 1, 22, 76.
          Also for battle, contest: in arma feror, Verg. A. 2, 337; so id. ib. 2, 655.
        2. b. (Abstr. for concr.) The warriors themselves, soldiers, troops: nulla usquam apparuerunt arma, Liv. 41, 12: nostro supplicio liberemus Romana arma, i. e. Romanum exercitum, id. 9, 9; 21, 26: Hispanias armis non ita redundare, Tac. H. 2, 32: expertem frustra belli et neutra arma secutum, neither party, Ov. M. 5, 91: auxiliaria arma, auxiliaries, auxiliary troops = auxiliares (v. auxiliaris, I.), id. ib. 6, 424; cf. id. ib. 14, 528.
  3. III. Transf., poet. (like ὅπλον and ἔντεα in Gr.), implements, instruments, tools, utensils, in gen. Of implements for grinding and baking: Cerealia arma, the arms of Ceres, Verg. A. 1, 177 (cf. Hom. Od. 7, 232: ἔντεα δαιτός).
    Of implements of agriculture, Ov. M. 11, 35: dicendum est, quae sint duris agrestibus arma, Quīs sine nec potuere seri nec surgere messes, Verg. G. 1, 160.
    Of the equipments, tackle of a ship (mast, sails, rudder, etc.): colligere arma jubet validisque incumbere remis, Verg. A. 5, 15; 6, 353.
    Hence used by Ovid for wings: haec umeris arma parata suis, A. A. 2, 50 (cf. in the foll. verse: his patria est adeunda carinis).
    And so of other instruments, Mart. 14, 36.

armo, āvi, ātum, 1, v. a. [arma].

  1. I.
    1. A. Lit., to furnish with weapons, to arm, equip, aliquem or aliquem aliquā re: cum in pace multitudinem hominum coëgerit, armārit, instruxerit, Cic. Caecin. 12: milites armari jubet, Caes. B. C. 1, 28: ut quemque casus armaverat, sparos aut lanceas portabant, Sall. C. 56, 3: copias, id. J. 13, 2: agrestīsque manus armat sparus, Verg. A. 11, 682: quos e gente suorum armet, Ov. M. 14, 464; 12, 614: milites iis armis armare, Pomp. ap. Cic. Att. 8, 12: nunc tela, nunc saxa, quibus eos adfatim locus ipse armabat, etc., Liv. 9, 35: se spoliis, Verg. A. 2, 395: manus ense, Val. Fl. 2, 182: aliquem facibus, Flor. 3, 12, 13: apes aculeis, Plin. 11, 28, 33, § 46; so, aliquid aliquā re: ferrum armare veneno, Verg. A. 9, 773: calamos veneno, id. ib. 10, 140: pontum vinclis, Manil. 5, 657 al.
      Followed by in, contra, adversus: egentes in locupletes, perditi in bonos, servi in dominos armabantur, Cic. Planc. 35; id. Mil. 25; id. Att. 8, 3, 3: delecta juventus contra Milonis impetum armata est, id. Mil. 25; for adversus, v. infra.
      That for which one is armed, with in or ad: unanimos armare in proelia fratres, Verg. A. 7, 335: armate viros ad pugnam, Vulg. Num. 31, 3.
    2. B. Trop.
      1. 1. To arm, equip, furnish: temeritatem concitatae multitudinis auctoritate publicā armare, Cic. Mil. 1: cogitavit, quibus accusatorem rebus armaret, id. Clu. 67: te ad omnia summum ingenium armavit, Caecil. ap. Cic. Fam. 6, 7: Pompeium senatūs auctoritas, Caesarem militum armavit fiducia, Vell. 2, 49: ferae gentes non telis magis quam suo caelo, suo sidere armantur, Plin. Pan. 12, 3: sese eloquentiā, Cic. Inv. 1, 1: se imprudentiā alicujus, Nep. Dion, 8, 3: irā, Ov. M. 13, 544: eā cogitatione armamini, Vulg. 1 Pet. 4, 1: Archilochum proprio rabies armavit iambo, Hor. A. P. 79: nugis armatus, armed with nonsense, id. Ep. 1, 18, 16: armata dolis mens, Sil. 1, 183; cf. id. 11, 6; 15, 682.
      2. 2. To excite, stir up, rouse, provoke; constr. with adversus, ad or in: (Hannibal) regem armavit et exercuit adversus Romanos, Nep. Hann. 10, 1: aliquem ad omnia armare, Cic. Fam. 6, 7: Claudii sententia consules armabat in tribunos, Liv. 4, 6; so id. 3, 57: Quid vos in fata parentis Armat? Ov. M. 7, 347: mixtus dolor et pudor armat in hostes, Verg. A. 10, 398: in exitium rei publicae, Flor. 3, 12, 13; 4, 2, 1.
  2. II. To furnish with something needful, esp. with the munitions of war, to fit out, equip: ea, quae sunt usui ad armandas naves, ex Hispaniā adportari jubet, Caes. B. G. 5, 1: muri propugnaculis armabantur, Liv. 30, 9: Claudius triremes quadriremesque et undeviginti hominum milia armavit, Tac. A. 12, 56.
    Hence, armātus, a, um, P. a., armed, equipped, fitted with armor (opp. inermis, togatus, q. v.); also subst.: armātus, i, m., an armed man, a solier, = miles.
    1. A. Adj.
      1. 1. Lit.: armatos, si Latine loqui volumus, quos appellare vere possumus? opinor eos, qui scutis telisque parati ornatique sunt, Cic. Caecin. 21, 60: cum animatus iero satis armatus sum, Att. ap. Non. p. 233, 18; p. 495, 23: armati pergemus, Vulg. Num. 32, 32; ib. Judith, 9, 6: ab dracontis stirpe armatā exortus, Att. ap. Non. p. 426, 2: armata manus, Lucr. 2, 629; so id. 2, 636; 2, 640; 5, 1297; cf. id. 5, 1292: saepe ipsa plebes armata a patribus secessit, Sall. C. 33, 4: contra injurias armatus ire, id. J. 31, 6: facibus armatus, Liv. 5, 7: armatus falce, Tib. 1, 4, 8: classes armatae, Verg. G. 1, 255: armatus cornu, Plin. 11, 37, 45, § 128.
      2. 2. Meton.: armati anni, i. e. years spent in war, Sil. 11, 591.
        Trop.: excitati, erecti, armati animis, armed, furnished, etc., Cic. Phil. 7, 9, 26.
        In the sup. only twice, and referring to the pos. armatus in connection with it (comp. and adv. never used), Cic. Caecin. 21, 61 (v. the passage in its connection): tam tibi par sum quam multis armatissimis nudi aut leviter armati, Sen. Ben. 5, 4.
    2. B. Subst.: gravidus armatis equus (sc. Trojanus), Enn. ap. Macr. S. 6, 2 (Trag. v. 97 Müll.): armatos educere, id. ap. Non. p. 355, 16: navem triremem armatis ornat, Nep. Dion, 9, 2: decem milia armatorum, id. Milt. 5, 1; so Vulg. Exod. 38, 25: armatis in litora expositis, Liv. 37, 28; 42, 51; 9, 24; Suet. Caes. 30.