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Parca, ae, f. [root πλεκ-; cf. πλέκω, πλοκή; Lat. plecto, plico], one of the goddesses of Fate, whose Latin names are Nona, Decuma, and Morta, Caesell. Vindex ap. Gell. 3, 16, 11 (their Greek names are Clotho, Lachesis, and Atropos, Hyg. Fab. 171).
In sing.: Parca non mendax, Hor. C. 2, 16, 39: tenax veri, Pers. 5, 48: dura, Ov. P. 4, 15, 36.
Plur., the Fates: Parcae, Hesperides, etc.: quos omnes Erebo et Nocte natos ferunt, Cic. N. D. 3, 17, 44: Parcae fatalia nentes Stamina non ulli dissoluenda deo, Tib. 1, 7, 1: immites, Prop. 4 (5), 11, 13: iniquae, Hor. C. 2, 6, 9: veraces, id. C. S. 25: sic placitum Parcis, id. C. 2, 17, 16; Lact. 2, 10, 20; Verg. E. 4, 47; Juv. 12, 64.
parcus, a, um, adj., = παῦρος [v. parco], sparing in any thing, esp. in expenditure; in a good and bad sense, frugal, thrifty, economical; niggardly, penurious, parsimonious (syn.: tenax, restrictus).
- I. Lit.
- (α) Absol.: detrusisti me ad senem parcissimum, Plaut. Aul. 2, 5, 9: patre parco ac tenaci, Cic. Cael. 15, 36: optimus colonus, parcissimus, modestissimus, frugalissimus, id. de Or. 2, 71, 287: parcumque genus patiensque laborum, Ov. M. 7, 656: parcā manu offerre aliquid, Hor. C. 3, 16, 43.
- (β) With gen.: veteris non parcus aceti, Hor. S. 2, 2, 62: donandi parca juventus, id. ib. 2, 5, 79: pecuniae, Tac. H. 1, 49: pecuniae parcus ac tenax, Suet. Tib. 46.
- B. In gen., sparing, chary, moderate in any thing: operā haud fui parcus meā, Plaut. Rud. 4, 2, 14: nimium parcus in largiendā civitate, Cic. Balb. 22, 50: non tam vereor, ne me in laudibus suis parcum, quam ne nimium putet, Plin. Pan. 3, 3: quam modica cultu, quam parca comitatu, id. ib. 83, 7: civium sanguinis parcus, Tac. H. 3, 75: parcissimus somni, Luc. 9, 590: parcissimus vini, Suet. Aug. 77: acies non parca fugae, Sil. 10, 30: beneficiorum parcissimus aestimator, Plin. Pan. 21, 2: parcus Deorum cultor, Hor. C. 1, 34, 1: in libidinem projecti, in cibum parci, Just. 41, 3, 13.
With inf.: parcusque lacessere Martem, Sil. 1, 680: haud parci Martem coluisse, id. 8, 464.
In gen., moderate, not rash nor self-indulgent: somnus sanitatis in homine parco, Vulg. Ecclus. 31, 24.
Comp.: parcior somni, Just. 11, 13, 2.
Sup.: parcissimus somni, Luc. 9, 590.
- II. Transf., spare, scanty, little, small, slight (poet. and in post-Aug. prose): parco sale contingere, Verg. G. 3, 403: tellus, Stat. S. 4, 5, 13: lucerna, Prop. 4 (5), 3, 60: vulnus, Sil. 16, 111: merito parcior ira meo, Ov. P. 1, 2, 98: questaque sum vento lintea parca dari, id. H. 21, 79: optima mors parca quae venit apta die, after a short time, Prop. 3, 3, 40 (Parcae quae venit acta die, id. 3, 4, 18 Müll.): et brevis somnus, Plin. Pan. 49.
Adv., in two forms, parce (class.) and parciter (ante- and post-class.).
- A. Form parcē.
- 1. Sparingly, frugally, thriftily; penuriously, parsimoniously: parce parcus, Plaut. Aul. 2, 4, 35: vivere parce, continenter, severe, sobrie, Cic. Off. 1, 30, 106; cf.: parce ac duriter se habere, Ter. Ad. 1, 1, 20: parce et duriter vitam agere, id. And. 1, 1, 47: nimium parce facere sumptum, id. ib. 2, 6, 19: frumentum parce et paulatim metiri, Caes. B. G. 7, 71: cur id tam parce tamque restricte faciant, Cic. Fin. 2, 13, 42: parce seminat, Vulg. 2 Cor. 9, 6.
Comp.: implet manum parcius, Juv. 6, 546.
- 2. In gen., sparingly, moderately, cautiously: scripsi de te parce et timide, Cic. Fam. 6, 7, 3: parce et molliter aliquem laedere, id. ib. 1, 9, 23: gaudere, Phaedr. 4, 16: mirari, Sil. 10, 474; 15, 756; Plin. Ep. 5, 16, 3; 5, 7, 4.
Comp.: parcius dicere de laude alicujus, Cic. Mur. 13, 29: parcius ista viris tamen obicienda memento, Verg. E. 3, 7: parcius Andromachen vexavit Achaia victrix, Ov. H. 8, 13: parcius quatiunt fenestras, rarely, seldom, Hor. C. 1, 25, 1; Quint. 9, 2, 69.
Sup.: civitatem Romanam parcissime dedit, Suet. Aug. 40: ut parcissime dicam, nemo historicorum commendavit magis, Quint. 10, 1, 101.
- B. Form parcĭter, sparingly, Pompon. ap. Non. 515, 6: praelibare, Claud. Mam. praef.