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1. lābor, lapsus (inf. parag. labier, Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 94; part. labundus, Att. ap. Non. 504, 31; Trag. Fragm. v. 570 Rib.), 3, v. dep. n. [cf. lăbo; Sanscr. lamb- (ramb-), to glide, fall], to move gently along a smooth surface, to fall, slide; to slide, slip, or glide down, to fall down, to sink as the beginning of a fall; constr. absol., or with ad, in, inter, per, sub, super, ab, de, ex, or with abl. alone.

  1. I. Lit.
    1. A. In gen.
      1. 1. Of living beings: non squamoso labuntur ventre cerastae, Prop. 3 (4), 22, 27: per sinus crebros et magna volumina labens, Ov. M. 15, 721: pigraque labatur circa donaria serpens, Ov. Am. 2, 13, 13: ille inter vestes et levia pectora lapsus volvitur, Verg. A. 7, 349: (angues) in diversum lapsi, Jul. Obseq. 119.
        Of floating: ut rate felice pacata per aequora labar, Ov. H. 10, 65: dum Stygio gurgite labor, id. M. 5, 504: tua labens navita aqua, Prop. 2, 26 (3, 21), 8.
        Of flying: tollunt se celeres, liquidumque per aera lapsae, Verg. A. 6, 202: vade, age, nate, voca Zephyros et labere pennis, id. ib. 4, 223: pennis lapsa per auras, Ov. M. 8, 51: labere, nympha, polo, Verg. A. 11, 588.
        Of sinking, slipping down: labor, io! cara lumina conde manu, Ov. A. A. 7, 342: labitur infelix (equus), Verg. G. 3, 498; cf. Luc. 5, 799: labitur exsanguis, Verg. A. 11, 818; 5, 181: super terram, Ov. M. 13, 477: equo, Hor. S. 2, 1, 15: temone, Verg. A. 12, 470 limite, Luc. 9, 712: in vulnera, id. 7, 604: in colla mariti, Val. Fl. 2, 425: alieno vulnere, Luc. 2, 265: in rivo, Cic. Fat. 3, 5: pondere lapsi pectoris arma sonant, Luc. 7, 572.
        Of gliding upwards: celeri fuga sub sidera, Verg. A. 3, 243.
      2. 2. Of things: splendida signa videntur labier, Lucr. 4, 445; Cic. Tusc. 4, 18, 42: umor in genas Furtim labitur, Hor. C. 1, 13, 7: stellas Praecipites caelo labi, Verg. G. 1, 366: perque genas lacrimae labuntur, Ov. H. 7, 185; id. M. 2, 656: lapsi de fontibus amnes, id. ib. 13, 954; cf.: catenae lapsae lacertis sponte sua, id. ib. 3, 699: lapsuram domum subire, about to tumble down, id. Ib. 511; Luc. 1, 25; cf. with cado: multa in silvis Lapsa cadunt folia, Verg. A. 6, 310: ipsaque in Oceanum sidera lapsa cadunt, Prop. 4 (5), 4, 64: lapsis repente saxis, Tac. A. 4, 59: ab arbore ramus, Ov. M. 3, 410.
        Of the eyes, to fall, close: labentes, oculos condere, Ov. Tr. 3, 3, 44: lumina, Verg. A. 11, 818; Prop. 1, 10, 7; 2, 5, 17.
    2. B. Transf.
      1. 1. To glide away, glide along, slip or haste away: labitur uncta carina: volat super impetus undas, Enn. ap. Macr. S. 6, 1 (Ann. v. 379 Vahl.); so id. ap. Isid. Orig. 19, 1 (Ann. v. 476 Vahl.); cf.: labitur uncta vadis abies, Verg. A. 8, 91; Cic. Ac. 1, 8, 31: sidera, quae vaga et mutabili ratione labuntur, id. Univ. 10.
        Esp., of a transition in discourse, to pass: a dispositione ad elocutionis praecepta labor, Quint. 7, 10, 17.
      2. 2. To slip away, escape: lapsus custodiā, Tac. A. 5, 10; 11, 31: e manibus custodientium lapsus, Curt. 3, 13, 3; Prop. 1, 11, 5; Amm. 26, 3, 3.
  2. II. Trop.
    1. A. In gen., to come or go gently or insensibly, to glide, glide or pass away: ilico res foras labitur, Plaut. Trin. 2, 1, 21: brevitate et celeritate syllabarum labi putat verba proclivius, Cic. Or. 57; 56: sed labor longius, ad propositum revertor, id. Div. 2, 37, 79; id. Leg. 1, 19, 52: labitur occulte fallitque volubilis aetas, Ov. Am. 1, 8, 49: labi somnum sensit in artus, id. M. 11, 631: nostro illius labatur pectore vultus, Verg. E. 1, 64.
    2. B. In partic.
      1. 1. Of speech, to die away, be lost, not be heard (very rare): ne adjectae voces laberentur atque errarent, Cic. N. D. 2, 57, 114; cf. Sil. 7, 745.
      2. 2. Of time, to glide, pass away, elapse: eheu fugaces labuntur anni, Hor. C. 2, 14, 2: anni tacite labentis origo, Ov. F. 1, 65: labentia tempora, id. Tr. 3, 11; id. F. 6, 771; id. Tr. 4, 10, 27: aetas labitur, Tib. 1, 8, 48; cf.: labente officio, when the attendance or service is ended, Juv. 6, 203.
      3. 3. Pregn., to sink, incline, begin to fall, go to ruin, perish: quantis opibus, quibus de rebus lapsa fortuna accidat, Enn. ap. Cic. Tusc. 3, 19, 44 (Trag. v. 396 Vahl.); cf.: cetera nasci, occidere, fluere, labi, Cic. Or. 3, 10: labentem et prope cadentem rem publicam fulcire, id. Phil. 2, 21, 51: equitem Romanum labentem excepit, fulsit, sustinuit, id. Rab. Post. 16, 43; id. Ep. ad Brut. 1, 18, 2: sustinuit labentem aciem Antonius, Tac. H. 3, 23: vidi labentes acies, Prop. 4 (5), 2, 53: eo citius lapsa res est, Liv. 3, 33: mores lapsi sunt, id. praef.; Tac. A. 6, 50: fides lapsa, Ov. H. 2, 102: labentur opes, will be lost, Tib. 1, 6, 53: res, Lucr. 4, 1117: hereditas lapsa est, Dig. 4, 4, 11, § 5.
      4. 4. To slip or fall away from a thing, to lose it: hac spe lapsus, deceived or disappointed in this hope, Caes. B. G. 5, 55, 3: hoc munere, Sil. 7, 740: facultatibus, to lose one’s property, become poor, Dig. 27, 8, 2, § 11; 26, 7, 9, § 1: mente, to lose one’s senses, go mad, Cels. 5, 26, 13; Suet. Aug. 48; cf.: lapsae mentis error, Val. Max. 5, 3, 2.
        Hence, lapsus, a, um, ruined, unfortunate, Prop. 1, 1, 25.
      5. 5. To fall into or upon, to come or turn to: labor eo, ut assentiar Epicuro, Cic. Ac. 2, 45, 139; id. Att. 4, 5, 2: ad opinionem, id. Ac. 2, 45, 138: in adulationem, Tac. A. 4, 6: in gaudia, Val. Fl. 6, 662: in vitium, Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 94.
      6. 6. To fall into error, to be mistaken, to err, mistake, commit a fault: labi, errare, nescire, decipi et malum et turpe ducimus, Cic. Off. 1, 6, 18: in aliqua re labi et cadere, id. Brut. 49, 185: in minimis tenuissimisque rebus, id. de Or. 1, 37, 169; id. Fam. 2, 7, 1: lapsus est per errorem suum, id. Q. Fr. 3, 9, 8: consilio, … casu, id. Agr. 2, 3, 6: propter inprudentiam, Caes. B. G. 5, 3: in officio, Cic. Tusc. 2, 4, 12: in verbo, Ov. Am. 2, 8, 7: ne verbo quidem labi, Plin. Ep. 2, 3: it vera ratione, Lucr. 2, 176.
      7. 7. Esp., to fall away from the true faith, to become apostate (eccl. Lat.): lapsorum fratrum petulantia, Cypr. Ep. 30, 1 al.

2. lăbor (old form lăbos, like arbos, honos, etc., Plaut. Trin. 2, 1, 35; id. Truc. 2, 6, 40; Ter. Hec. 3, 1, 6; Varr. ap. Non. 487, 13; Cat. 55, 13; Sall. C. 7, 5; id. J. 100, 4; cf. Quint. 1, 4, 13), ōris, m. [Sanscr. root rabh, to grasp, ā-rabh, to undertake; Gr. ἀλφ- in ἦλφον, earned, ἄλφημα, wages; Germ. Arbeit], labor, toil, exertion (cf.: contentio, opera).

  1. I. Lit.: ut ingenium est omnium Hominum a labore proclive ad libidinem, Ter. And. 1, 1, 51: haud existimans quanto labore partum, id. Phorm. 1, 1, 12: interest aliquid inter laborem et dolorem: sunt finitima omnino, sed tamen differt aliquid. Labor est functio quaedam vel animi vel corporis, gravioris operis et muneris: dolor autem motus asper in corpore alienus a sensibus, Cic. Tusc. 2, 15, 35: corporis, id. Cael. 17, 39: res est magni laboris, id. de Or. 1, 33, 150: laborem sibi sumere et alteri imponere, id. Mur. 18, 38: sumptum et laborem insumere in rem aliquam, id. Inv. 2, 38, 113; cf. id. Verr. 2, 3, 98, § 227: multum operae laborisque consumere, id. de Or. 1, 55, 234: laborem sustinere, id. Att. 1, 17, 6: exantlare, id. Ac. 2, 34, 108: suscipere, id. Opt. Gen. Or. 5, 13: subire, id. Att. 3, 15, 7: capere, id. Rosc. Com. 16, 49: labores magnos excipere, id. Brut. 69, 243: se in magnis laboribus exercere, id. Arch. 11, 28: summi laboris esse, capable of great exertion, Caes. B. G. 4, 2, 2: laborem levare alicui, Cic. Or. 34, 120: detrahere, id. Fam. 3, 6, 5: ex labore se reficere, Caes. B. G. 3, 5; 5, 11: victus suppeditabatur sine labore, Cic. Sest. 48, 103: non est quod existumes, ullam esse sine labore virtutem, Sen. Vit. Beat. 25, 5; Suet. Ner. 52; Quint. 2, 12, 12; cf.: nullo labore, Cic. Dom. 34, 91; id. Sest. 40, 87; id. Tusc. 2, 22, 51: quantum meruit labor, Juv. 7, 216: reddere sua dona labori, id. 16, 57: numerenter labores, be valued, id. 9, 42.
    1. B. In partic.
      1. 1. Pregn., drudgery, hardship, fatigue, distress, trouble, pain, suffering (mostly poet. and late Lat.; syn. aerumna): decet id pati animo aequo; si id facietis, levior labos erit, Plaut. Capt. 2, 1, 2: propter meum caput labores homini evenisse optumo, id. ib. 5, 1, 25: cum labore magno et misere vivere, id. Aul. prol. 14; id. Ps. 2, 4, 2: hoc evenit in labore atque in dolore, id. ib. 2, 3, 20: vel in labore meo vel in honore, Cic. Fam. 15, 18: Iliacos audire labores, Verg. A. 4, 78: mox et frumentis labor additus, ut mala culmos Esset rubigo, id. G. 1, 150: belli labores, id. A. 11, 126; cf. id. ib. 2, 619; 12, 727: labor militiae, Juv. 16, 52: castrorum labores, id. 14, 198: Lucinae labores, Verg. G. 4, 340: cor de labore pectus tundit, Plaut. Cas. 2, 6, 63: hoc medicamentum sine magno labore cadere cogit haemorrhoidas, Scrib. 227: litterarius, = opus, Aug. Conf. 9, 2; id. cont. Jul. 6, 21: meos labores legere, id. de Don. Pers. 68.
        Of sickness: valetudo crescit, accrescit labor. Plaut. Curc. 2, 1, 4: sulphurosi fontes labores nervorum reficiunt, Vitr. 8, 3, 4.
        Of danger: maximus autem earum (apium) labor est initio veris, Col. 9, 13, 2.
        Prov.: jucundi acti labores, Cic. Fin. 2, 32, 105: suavis laborum est praeteritorum memoria, id. ib.
      2. 2. Poet.
        1. a. Labores solis, eclipses of the sun, Verg. A. 1, 742 Forbig. ad loc.; so, defectus solis varios lunaeque labores, id. G. 1, 478; Sil. 14, 378.
        2. b. Of plants: hunc laborem perferre, i. e. growth, Verg. G. 2, 343.
      3. 3. Personified: Lăbos, toil, in the lower world, Verg. A. 6, 277.
  2. II. Meton., of the products of labor.
        1. a. Work, workmanship of an artist (poet.): operum, Verg. A. 1, 455: hic labor ille domūs, id. ib. 6, 27: nec non Polycleti multus ubique labor, Juv. 8, 104.
        2. b. Of cultivated plants, crops, etc.: ruit arduus aether et pluvia ingenti sata laeta boumque labores Diluit, Verg. G. 1, 325; cf.: haec cum sint hominumque boumque labores, id. ib. 1, 118: Juppiter Grandine dilapidans hominumque boumque labores, Col. poët. 10, 330; Verg. A. 2, 284; 306.
        3. c. Labores uteri, i. e. children, Claud. Rapt. Pros. 1, 193.

* lăbōrātĭo, ōnis, f. [laboro], labor, toil, Front. Hist. init. Mai.

1. lăbōrātus, ūs, m. [laboro], labor, laboriousness (late Lat.), Ven. v. Rad. 13.

2. lăbōrātus, a, um, adj. [laboro].

  1. I. Labored, attended with labor or difficulty (post-class.): laboratior continentia, Tert. Verg. Vel. 10.
  2. II. Laborious, troublesome, miserable, full of hardship (in post-Aug. poets): aevum, Val. Fl. 5, 255: vita, Stat. Th. 1, 341.

Lăbōrĭae, ārum, v. Laborinus.

lăbōrĭfer, a, um, adj. [2. labor-fero], labor-bearing, toil-enduring (poet.): Hercules, Ov. M. 9, 285: juvencus, id. ib. 15, 129: currus, Stat. Th. 6, 25.

Lăbōrīnus campus, i, or Lăbō-rĭāni campi, ōrum, m., or Lăbōrĭae (Leb-), ārum, f., a district in Campania, lying around Capua and Nola, now Terra di Lavoro, Plin. 3, 5, 9, § 60; 17, 4, 3, § 28; 18, 11, 29, § 111.

lăbōrĭōsē, adv., v. laboriosus fin.

lăbōrĭōsus, a, um, adj. [2. labor], full of labor, laborious.

  1. I. Attended with much labor, laborious, toilsome, wearisome, difficult, troublesome (syn. operosus): deambulatio, Ter. Heaut. 4, 6, 3: nihil laboriosius, Cic. Leg. 3, 8, 19: operum longe maximum ac laboriosissimum, Liv. 5, 19 fin.: si qua laboriosa est (fabula), ad me curritur, difficult to put on the stage, opp. lenis, Ter. Heaut. prol. 44.
  2. II. Transf.
    1. A. Inclined to labor, laborious, industrious, for the Gr. φιλόπονος (syn.: impiger, industrius): homines, Cic. Tusc. 2, 15, 35: bos laboriosissimus hominis socius in agricultura, Col. 6 praef. § 7.
    2. B. That undergoes much trouble and hardship, troubled, harassed: quid enim nobis duobus laboriosius? Cic. Mil. 2, 5; id. Phil. 11, 4, 4.
      Hence, adv.: lăbōrĭōsē, laboriously, wearisomely, with difficulty, Plaut. Merc. 3, 1, 9; Cels. 5, 17, 2; Cat. 38, 1.
      Comp., Cic. Rosc. Com. 11, 31.
      Sup.: laboriosissime, Cic. Div. in Caecil. 21, 71; Suet. Caes. 43 al.

lăbōro, āvi, ātum, 1, v. n. and a. [2. labor].

  1. I. Neutr., to labor, take pains, exert one’s self, strive.
    1. A. In gen.: ne labora, Ter. Heaut. 1, 1, 37: sese (aratores) sibi, laborare, Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 52, § 121: quid ego laboravi, aut quid egi, aut in quo evigilaverunt curae et cogitationes meae, si? etc., id. Par. 2, 17: ne familiares, si scuta ipsi ferrent, laborarent, id. Phil. 5, 6: si mea res esset, non magis laborarem, id. Fam. 13, 44; 74: qui non satis laborarunt, Quint. 8 prooem. § 29: frustra laborabimus, id. 6, 3, 35; cf.: frustra laboret Ausus idem, Hor. A. P. 241: in enodandis nominibus, to exert one’s self in vain, Cic. N. D. 3, 24, 62: circa memoriam et pronuntiationem, Quint. 6, 4, 1: circa nomina rerum ambitiose, id. 3, 11, 21: in famam, Sen. de Ira, 3, 41, 3: in commune, Quint. 5, 11, 24; 8, 2, 18: in spem, Ov. M. 15, 367.
      With dat., to toil for, to serve: cui (Jovi) tertia regna laborant, Sil. 8, 116.
      With in and abl.: quid est, in quo se laborasse dicit? Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 53, § 124: qua in re mihi non arbitror diu laborandum, Quint. 2, 3, 2: in dura humo, Ov. F. 4, 416: in remigando, Vulg. Marc. 6, 48: in omni gente, in behalf of, Juv. 8, 239.
      With pro: pro hoc (L. Flacco) laborant, Cic. Planc. 11, 28: pro salute mea, id. Dom. 11, 30: pro Sestio, id. Fam. 13, 8, 1.
      With ut: laborabat, ut reliquas civitates adjungeret, Caes. B. G. 7, 31: ut honore dignus essem, maxime semper laboravi, Cic. Planc. 20, 50: ut vos decerneretis laboravi, id. Prov. Cons. 11, 28: neque te ut miretur turba labores, Hor. S. 1, 10, 73.
      With ne: et sponsio illa ne fieret, laborasti, Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 57, § 132: quae ego ne frustra subierim … laboro, Lent. ap. Cic. Fam. 12, 14, 5.
      With inf.: quem perspexisse laborant, Hor. A. P. 435: amarique ab eo laboravi, Plin. Ep. 1, 10, 2; 2, 5, 9: si sociis fidelissimis prospicere non laboratis, Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 55, § 127: quod audiri non laborarit, Cic. Att. 5, 2, 2: hunc superare laboret, Hor. S. 41, 112; 2, 3, 269: ne quaerere quidem de tanta re laborarint, Nep. Pel. 3, 1: describere, Cael. Aur. Acut. 2, 1.
    2. B. In partic.
      1. 1. To suffer, to labor under, to be oppressed, afflicted, or troubled with.
          1. (α) Absol.: aliud est dolere, aliud laborare. Cum varices secabantur C. Mario, dolebat: cum aestu magno ducebat agmen, laborabat. Est mter haec tamen quaedam similitudo: consuetudo enim laborum perpessionem dolorum efficiet faciliorem, Cic. Tusc. 2, 15, 35: valetudo tua me valde conturbat: significant enim tuae litterae, te prorsus laborare, id. Att. 7, 2, 2: cum sine febri laborassem, id. ib. 5, 8: eum graviter esse aegrum, quod vehementer ejus artus laborarent, id. Tusc. 2, 25, 61.
          2. (β) With ex: ex intestinis, Cic. Fam. 7, 26, 1: ex pedibus, id. ib. 9, 23: ex renibus, id. Tusc. 2, 25, 60: e dolore, Ter. And. 1, 5, 33.
            Esp. of mental disorders, etc.: ex invidia, Cic. Clu. 71, 202; id. Rosc. Am. 51, 149: ex desiderio, id. Fam. 16, 11, 1: ex inscitia, id. Inv. 2, 2, 5: ex aere alieno laborare, to be oppressed with debt, Caes. B. C. 3, 22.
          3. (γ) With ab: a re frumentaria, Caes. B. C. 3, 9: ab avaritia, Hor. S. 1, 4, 26.
          4. (δ) With abl.: laborantes utero puellae, Hor. C. 3, 22, 2: domesticā crudelitate, Cic. Rosc. Am. 53, 154: nec vero quisquam stultus non horum morborum aliquo laborat, id. Fin. 1, 18, 59: odio apud hostes, contemptu inter socios, Liv. 6, 2: pestilentiā laboratum est, id. 1, 31, 5: crimine temeritatis, Quint. 12, 9, 14.
      2. 2. To grieve, be in trouble, be vexed, to be concerned, solicitous, or anxious: animo laborabat, ut reliquas civitates adjungeret, Caes. B. G. 7, 31: ut vos decerneretis, laboravi, Cic. Prov. Cons. 11: nihil laboro, nisi ut salvus sis, id. Fam. 16, 4, 4: sponsio illa ne fieret laborasti, id. Verr. 2, 3, 57, § 132.
        With de (esp. of events or persons on whose account one is concerned): sororem de fratrum morte laborantem, Cic. Inv. 2, 26, 78: de quibus ego ante laborabam, ne, etc., id. Caecin. 1, 3: laboro, ut non minimum hac mea commendatione se consecutum videretur, id. Fam. 13, 26, 4: noli putare me de ulla re magis laborare, id. Att. 6, 1, 3: his de rebus eo magis laboro, quod, etc., id. Fam. 13, 56, 3: in uno, i. e. to love, Hor. C. 1, 17, 19: non laboro, nihil laboro, I don’t trouble myself about it, it concerns me not: cujus manu sit percussus, non laboro, Cic. Rosc. Am. 34, 97: quorsum recidat responsum tuum non magnopere laboro, id. Rosc. Com. 15, 43: Tironi prospicit, de se nihil laborat, id. Phil. 8, 9, 26: quid est quod de iis laborat, id. ib. 8, 8, 27; id. Tusc. 1, 43, 103.
        With abl.: tuā causā, Cic. Fam. 3, 7, 6: neglegens ne qua populus laborat, Hor. C. 3, 8, 25.
        With in: in re familiari valde laboramus, Cic. Att. 4, 1, 3.
      3. 3. To be in distress, difficulty, or danger: quos laborantes conspexerat iis subsidia submittebat, Caes. B. G. 4, 26: suis laborantibus succurrere, id. B. C. 2, 6; Sall. C. 60, 4: ne legatus laborantibus suis auxilio foret, id. J. 52, 6; Curt. 9, 1, 15.
        Impers. pass.: maxime ad superiores munitiones laboratur, Caes. B. G. 7, 85.
        Of inanim. things: ut utraeque (triremes) ex concursu laborarent, Caes. B. C. 2, 6: nec cur fraternis luna laboret equis (of an eclipse of the moon, because the sun’s light is then withdrawn from it), Prop. 2, 34, 52 (3, 32, 48 M.); so, luna laboret, Cic. Tusc. 1, 38, 92: cum luna laborare non creditur, Plin. 2, 9, 6, § 42: laboranti succurrere lunae, Juv. 6, 443: Aquilonibus Querceta laborant, Hor. C. 2, 9, 6: laborantem ratem deserere, Ov. P. 2, 6, 22: laborat carmen in fine, Petr. 45.
  2. II. Act. (only since the Aug. per.; for in Cic. Cael. 22, 54, elaboratus is the correct reading).
    1. A. To work out, elaborate, to form, make, prepare: noctibus hibernis castrensia pensa laboro, Prop. 4, 3, 33: quale non perfectius Meae laborarint manus, Hor. Epod. 5, 60: arte laboratae vestes, Verg. A. 1, 639: laborata Ceres, bread, id. ib. 8, 181: et nobis et equis letum commune laboras, preparest, Sil. 16, 411.
    2. B. To labor at, to cultivate: frumenta ceterosque fructus, Tac. G. 45.